Complex language, complex thought?
The relation between children’s production of double embeddings and Theory of Mind
It has been argued (e.g., by De Villiers and colleagues) that the acquisition of sentence embedding is necessary for the development of first-order Theory of Mind (ToM): the ability to attribute beliefs to others. This raises the question whether the acquisition of double embedded sentences is related to, and perhaps even necessary for, the development of second-order ToM: the ability to attribute beliefs about beliefs to others. This study tested 55 children (aged 7-10) on their ToM understanding in a false-belief task and on their elicited production of sentence embeddings. We found that second-order ToM passers produced mainly double embeddings, whereas first-order ToM passers produced mainly single embeddings. Furthermore, a better performance on second-order ToM predicted a higher rate of double embeddings and a lower rate of single embeddings in the production task. We conclude that children’s ability to produce double embeddings is related to their development of second-order ToM.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Methodology
- 2.1Participants
- 2.2Materials and design
- 2.3Procedure
- 2.4Data analysis of the Sentence Embedding task
- 3.Results
- 3.1False-belief reasoning
- 3.2Production of double embeddings
- 3.3Regression analysis
- 4.Discussion
- Notes
-
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Cited by
Cited by 2 other publications
Blackburn, Patrick, Torben Braüner & Irina Polyanskaya
2021.
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Both syntactic and pragmatic sentence adequacy matters for recursive theory of mind in 5-year-olds.
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