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Thematising Multilingualism in the Media
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Helen Kelly-Holmes
Kelly-Holmes, Helen
Helen
Kelly-Holmes
University of Limerick
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Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand
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This volume analyses the complex relations between multilingualism and the media: how the media manage multilingualism; how multilingualism is presented and used as media content; and how the media are discursive sites where debates about multilingualism and other language-related issues unfold. It is precisely this inter-relatedness that we want to flag up when we talk about “thematising” multilingualism in the media. More specifically, the focus of this volume is on the empirical and theoretical opportunities and challenges posed by the thematisation of multilingualism in the media. The volume, originally published as a special issue of the <i>Journal of Language and Politics</i> 10:4 (2011), presents a number of case studies from a variety of linguistic, media, political, social, and economic contexts: from print-media debates on trilingual policies in Luxembourg to “new media” discussions about the “sexiness” of Irish or the “national” value of Welsh; from issues of linguistic “authority” and “authenticity” in an American television programme to Wikipedia’s multilingual policy and practice.
05
Kelly-Holmes and Milani have provided a valuable synthesis of critical sociolinguistic research on mass media, but also a range of stimulating original new frameworks and perspectives. The volume is a theoretically rich interpretation of what media 'do' with linguistic diversity and multilingualism, based on well-chosen case studies. It is a persuasive demonstration of why sociolinguistic theorising must orient to mass media, and why media research needs sociolinguistics.
Nikolas Coupland, Cardiff University
05
This volume addresses the many – frequently creative – ways in which linguistic diversity is represented in the media (both traditional media as well as new social media), for the first time in such an innovative linguistic, detailed, systematic and comprehensive way. Thus, salient questions such as the management of multilingualism and metalinguistic comments about linguistic diversity are investigated as well as technical issues such as dubbing of films or issues of subtitling. Moreover, case studies illustrate how the specific national language policies interact with policies of media outlets and identity politics, i.e. the discursive construction of individual as well as collective multilingual identities. A ‘must read’ for everybody as multilingualism has become an inherent and necessary characteristic of everyday and institutional discourses in our globalised world.
Ruth Wodak, Lancaster University
05
The close and detailed analyses of situated discursive practices in the media have made valuable literature to the field on multilingualism and the media.
Jing Huang, Lancaster University, in Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 15:6 (2016)
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Thematising multilingualism in the media
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Helen Kelly-Holmes
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University of Limerick
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Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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The focus of this volume is on the opportunities presented and challenges posed by the thematisation of multilingualism in the media. A number of case studies from a variety of linguistic, media, political, social, economic and educational contexts are presented, with the objective of addressing the challenges and opportunities that arise when multilingualism becomes thematised. In this introduction, we would like to address two main theoretical and methodological issues: (1) what we mean by <i>multilingualism</i>; and, (2) what we mean by <i>thematising</i>.
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Media representations of multilingual Luxembourg
Constructing language as a resource, problem, right and duty
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Kristine Horner
Horner, Kristine
Kristine
Horner
University of Sheffield
01
Following Ruiz’s discussion of orientations in language planning, distinguishing between language as right, resource and problem, this chapter unpacks the ways in which related discourses are circulated in the Luxembourgish print media. Particular attention is paid to how these discourses are interwoven with debates on education and citizenship and how they draw on deeply entrenched language ideological beliefs about language and society, e.g. that “valuable” forms of individual multilingualism are a desirable goal, whereas linguistic heterogeneity constitutes a problem. Moreover, the analysis shows that the texts thematizing multilingualism are bound up with a discourse of rights and duties, and that right and duty, as well as problem and resource, need to be conceptualized as two intersecting continua informing language ideological debates.
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Sex, lies and thematising Irish
New media, old discourses?
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Helen Kelly-Holmes
Kelly-Holmes, Helen
Helen
Kelly-Holmes
University of Limerick
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Thematising Irish in the media reflects the complex and contradictory sociolinguistic and language-ideological situation in Ireland. This chapter explores some of that complexity by investigating a thread on an online discussion forum on the subject of the first ever party leaders’ debate in Irish that took place during the 2011 general election in Ireland. In the discussion thread, three particular discourses emerge: a “discourse of truth” about Irish as lacking both authority as a national language and authenticity as a minority language of a recognizable ethnic group; a discourse of “them and us”; involving a differentiation between “Irish speakers” and “non-Irish speakers”, largely based on notions of competence; and, finally, a newly emerging discourse of “sexy Irish”, which signals a commodification of Irish speakers as young, beautiful and mediatisable. The features of the forum and the online, real-time evolution of the discussion thread impact in a number of ways upon these discourses and ideologies. However, despite the possibilities afforded by the forum, which are utilized by posters for performing Irish in different ways, these everyday practices are effectively erased and invalidated by the prevailing discourses, which rely strongly on the notion of bilingualism as parallel and discrete monolingualisms.
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“What an un-wiki way of doing things”
<i>Wikipedia</i>’s multilingual policy and metalinguistic practice
1
A01
Astrid Ensslin
Ensslin, Astrid
Astrid
Ensslin
Bangor University
01
<i>Wikipedia</i> defines itself as “the biggest multilingual free-content encyclopedia on the internet”, thus featuring an explicit language policy in its mission statement. Bearing in mind that the site has become the most popular source of encyclopaedic information online, its significance for public encounters with multilingualism should not be underestimated. This chapter offers a critical and multimodal discourse analytical approach to <i>Wikipedia</i>’s explicit and implicit multilingual policies and practices. I examine, under “explicit metalinguistic practice” (Woolard 1998), public disclaimers and exemplary user practice and talk on the “Multilingual Coordination” entry. Under “implicit metapragmatics”, I shall offer a multimodal analysis of <i>Wikipedia</i>’s multilingualism-oriented interface design; the corporate logo and its paratextual meta-commentary on a number of linguistic and journalistic websites; and a code-critical reading of <i>Wikipedia</i>’s “Babel” user language templates. My observations are discussed against the backdrop of postcolonialist theories on the role of English as <i>lingua franca</i> of the information age.
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Sociolinguistic diversity in mainstream media
Authenticity, authority and processes of mediation and mediatization
1
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Alexandra Jaffe
Jaffe, Alexandra
Alexandra
Jaffe
California State University Long Beach
01
This chapter explores the attribution of authority and authenticity to speakers of “accented” or dialectal speech portrayed in the American documentary on dialectal diversity, “Do You Speak American?”. The focus is on the role of mediation and mediatization in this fundamentally political and ideological process: that is, the extent to which particular sequences of the documentary foreground the work of representation being done by media producers. The central claim made in the analysis is that speakers’ authenticity is produced through the backgrounding of this work of representation, but that speakers are attributed greater authority when they are depicted as having some control over how their images and speech are mediated and mediatized. Speakers who have both authority and authenticity benefit, it is argued, from media verisimilitudes: they are understood by media audiences as having control over the believable rather than the “real”.
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Unity in disunity
Centripetal and centrifugal tensions on the BBC Voices website
1
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Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and University of Leeds
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Bethan Davies
Davies, Bethan
Bethan
Davies
3
A01
Will Turner
Turner, Will
Will
Turner
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This chapter takes as a point of departure the website of the “Voices” project, a large media enterprise on languages in the UK conducted by the BBC in 2003–2005. With the help of the notions of language ideology and the analytical tools of multimodal critical discourse analysis, the paper shows how representations of languages on the website are a discursive terrain on which negotiations of national identities are played out. Essentially, the argument is that there is a constant tension between <i>centripetal</i> (unifying) and <i>centrifugal</i> (particularising) forces which strive for the production of different, concomitant and often conflicting national identities. Whereas the BBC seeks to represent the UK as a happy and unified multilingual nation, the many postings on the website show how multilingualism is not always perceived by speakers as a happy and unproblematic phenomenon, but is a politically-fraught issue that creates strong disagreements about the values of different languages in British society as well as their functions as markers of different national identities.
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JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
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20130612
2013
John Benjamins B.V.
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Benjamins Current Topics
49
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Thematising Multilingualism in the Media
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bct.49
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https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/bct.49
1
B01
Helen Kelly-Holmes
Kelly-Holmes, Helen
Helen
Kelly-Holmes
University of Limerick
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B01
Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand
01
eng
157
v
151
LAN009000
v.2006
CFA
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.LAPO
Language policy
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.BIL
Multilingualism
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This volume analyses the complex relations between multilingualism and the media: how the media manage multilingualism; how multilingualism is presented and used as media content; and how the media are discursive sites where debates about multilingualism and other language-related issues unfold. It is precisely this inter-relatedness that we want to flag up when we talk about “thematising” multilingualism in the media. More specifically, the focus of this volume is on the empirical and theoretical opportunities and challenges posed by the thematisation of multilingualism in the media. The volume, originally published as a special issue of the <i>Journal of Language and Politics</i> 10:4 (2011), presents a number of case studies from a variety of linguistic, media, political, social, and economic contexts: from print-media debates on trilingual policies in Luxembourg to “new media” discussions about the “sexiness” of Irish or the “national” value of Welsh; from issues of linguistic “authority” and “authenticity” in an American television programme to Wikipedia’s multilingual policy and practice.
05
Kelly-Holmes and Milani have provided a valuable synthesis of critical sociolinguistic research on mass media, but also a range of stimulating original new frameworks and perspectives. The volume is a theoretically rich interpretation of what media 'do' with linguistic diversity and multilingualism, based on well-chosen case studies. It is a persuasive demonstration of why sociolinguistic theorising must orient to mass media, and why media research needs sociolinguistics.
Nikolas Coupland, Cardiff University
05
This volume addresses the many – frequently creative – ways in which linguistic diversity is represented in the media (both traditional media as well as new social media), for the first time in such an innovative linguistic, detailed, systematic and comprehensive way. Thus, salient questions such as the management of multilingualism and metalinguistic comments about linguistic diversity are investigated as well as technical issues such as dubbing of films or issues of subtitling. Moreover, case studies illustrate how the specific national language policies interact with policies of media outlets and identity politics, i.e. the discursive construction of individual as well as collective multilingual identities. A ‘must read’ for everybody as multilingualism has become an inherent and necessary characteristic of everyday and institutional discourses in our globalised world.
Ruth Wodak, Lancaster University
05
The close and detailed analyses of situated discursive practices in the media have made valuable literature to the field on multilingualism and the media.
Jing Huang, Lancaster University, in Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 15:6 (2016)
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Thematising multilingualism in the media
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Helen Kelly-Holmes
Kelly-Holmes, Helen
Helen
Kelly-Holmes
University of Limerick
2
A01
Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
01
The focus of this volume is on the opportunities presented and challenges posed by the thematisation of multilingualism in the media. A number of case studies from a variety of linguistic, media, political, social, economic and educational contexts are presented, with the objective of addressing the challenges and opportunities that arise when multilingualism becomes thematised. In this introduction, we would like to address two main theoretical and methodological issues: (1) what we mean by <i>multilingualism</i>; and, (2) what we mean by <i>thematising</i>.
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Articles
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Media representations of multilingual Luxembourg
Constructing language as a resource, problem, right and duty
1
A01
Kristine Horner
Horner, Kristine
Kristine
Horner
University of Sheffield
01
Following Ruiz’s discussion of orientations in language planning, distinguishing between language as right, resource and problem, this chapter unpacks the ways in which related discourses are circulated in the Luxembourgish print media. Particular attention is paid to how these discourses are interwoven with debates on education and citizenship and how they draw on deeply entrenched language ideological beliefs about language and society, e.g. that “valuable” forms of individual multilingualism are a desirable goal, whereas linguistic heterogeneity constitutes a problem. Moreover, the analysis shows that the texts thematizing multilingualism are bound up with a discourse of rights and duties, and that right and duty, as well as problem and resource, need to be conceptualized as two intersecting continua informing language ideological debates.
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Sex, lies and thematising Irish
New media, old discourses?
1
A01
Helen Kelly-Holmes
Kelly-Holmes, Helen
Helen
Kelly-Holmes
University of Limerick
01
Thematising Irish in the media reflects the complex and contradictory sociolinguistic and language-ideological situation in Ireland. This chapter explores some of that complexity by investigating a thread on an online discussion forum on the subject of the first ever party leaders’ debate in Irish that took place during the 2011 general election in Ireland. In the discussion thread, three particular discourses emerge: a “discourse of truth” about Irish as lacking both authority as a national language and authenticity as a minority language of a recognizable ethnic group; a discourse of “them and us”; involving a differentiation between “Irish speakers” and “non-Irish speakers”, largely based on notions of competence; and, finally, a newly emerging discourse of “sexy Irish”, which signals a commodification of Irish speakers as young, beautiful and mediatisable. The features of the forum and the online, real-time evolution of the discussion thread impact in a number of ways upon these discourses and ideologies. However, despite the possibilities afforded by the forum, which are utilized by posters for performing Irish in different ways, these everyday practices are effectively erased and invalidated by the prevailing discourses, which rely strongly on the notion of bilingualism as parallel and discrete monolingualisms.
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“What an un-wiki way of doing things”
<i>Wikipedia</i>’s multilingual policy and metalinguistic practice
1
A01
Astrid Ensslin
Ensslin, Astrid
Astrid
Ensslin
Bangor University
01
<i>Wikipedia</i> defines itself as “the biggest multilingual free-content encyclopedia on the internet”, thus featuring an explicit language policy in its mission statement. Bearing in mind that the site has become the most popular source of encyclopaedic information online, its significance for public encounters with multilingualism should not be underestimated. This chapter offers a critical and multimodal discourse analytical approach to <i>Wikipedia</i>’s explicit and implicit multilingual policies and practices. I examine, under “explicit metalinguistic practice” (Woolard 1998), public disclaimers and exemplary user practice and talk on the “Multilingual Coordination” entry. Under “implicit metapragmatics”, I shall offer a multimodal analysis of <i>Wikipedia</i>’s multilingualism-oriented interface design; the corporate logo and its paratextual meta-commentary on a number of linguistic and journalistic websites; and a code-critical reading of <i>Wikipedia</i>’s “Babel” user language templates. My observations are discussed against the backdrop of postcolonialist theories on the role of English as <i>lingua franca</i> of the information age.
10
01
JB code
bct.49.05jaf
95
119
25
Article
7
01
Sociolinguistic diversity in mainstream media
Authenticity, authority and processes of mediation and mediatization
1
A01
Alexandra Jaffe
Jaffe, Alexandra
Alexandra
Jaffe
California State University Long Beach
01
This chapter explores the attribution of authority and authenticity to speakers of “accented” or dialectal speech portrayed in the American documentary on dialectal diversity, “Do You Speak American?”. The focus is on the role of mediation and mediatization in this fundamentally political and ideological process: that is, the extent to which particular sequences of the documentary foreground the work of representation being done by media producers. The central claim made in the analysis is that speakers’ authenticity is produced through the backgrounding of this work of representation, but that speakers are attributed greater authority when they are depicted as having some control over how their images and speech are mediated and mediatized. Speakers who have both authority and authenticity benefit, it is argued, from media verisimilitudes: they are understood by media audiences as having control over the believable rather than the “real”.
10
01
JB code
bct.49.06mil
121
147
27
Article
8
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Unity in disunity
Centripetal and centrifugal tensions on the BBC Voices website
1
A01
Tommaso M. Milani
Milani, Tommaso M.
Tommaso M.
Milani
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and University of Leeds
2
A01
Bethan Davies
Davies, Bethan
Bethan
Davies
3
A01
Will Turner
Turner, Will
Will
Turner
01
This chapter takes as a point of departure the website of the “Voices” project, a large media enterprise on languages in the UK conducted by the BBC in 2003–2005. With the help of the notions of language ideology and the analytical tools of multimodal critical discourse analysis, the paper shows how representations of languages on the website are a discursive terrain on which negotiations of national identities are played out. Essentially, the argument is that there is a constant tension between <i>centripetal</i> (unifying) and <i>centrifugal</i> (particularising) forces which strive for the production of different, concomitant and often conflicting national identities. Whereas the BBC seeks to represent the UK as a happy and unified multilingual nation, the many postings on the website show how multilingualism is not always perceived by speakers as a happy and unproblematic phenomenon, but is a politically-fraught issue that creates strong disagreements about the values of different languages in British society as well as their functions as markers of different national identities.
10
01
JB code
bct.49.07ind
149
152
4
Article
9
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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20130612
2013
John Benjamins B.V.
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