119017370 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BPA 7 Hb 15 9789027200730 06 10.1075/bpa.7 13 2018006508 00 BB 08 1000 gr 10 01 JB code BPA 02 2352-0531 02 7.00 01 02 Bilingual Processing and Acquisition Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 01 01 Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences Reflections from the Chinese, Japanese and Korean Languages Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences: Reflections from the Chinese, Japanese and Korean Languages 1 B01 01 JB code 134268066 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/134268066 01 eng 11 478 03 03 xii 03 00 466 03 01 23 495 03 2018 P115.5.A75 04 Bilingualism--Asia, East. 04 Second language acquisition--Asia, East. 04 Chinese language--Writing. 04 Japanese language--Writing. 04 Korean language--Writing. 04 English language--Study and teaching--Asia, East. 10 LAN013000 12 CFDM 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 24 JB code LIN.WRIT Writing and literacy 01 06 02 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. 03 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. Distinctively broad in scope, topics addressed in this volume include word reading with respect to orthographic, phonological, morphological, and semantic processing as well as cross-linguistic influences on reading in English as a second language or a foreign language. Given that the three focal scripts have unique orthographic features not found in other languages – Chinese as logography, Japanese with multi-scripts, and Korean as non-Roman alphasyllabary – chapters expound script-universal and script-specific reading processes. As a means of scaling up the body of knowledge traditionally focused on Anglocentric reading research, the scientific accounts articulated in this volume importantly expand the field’s current theoretical frameworks of word processing to theory building with regard to these three languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/bpa.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027200730.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027200730.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/bpa.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/bpa.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code bpa.7.fore 06 10.1075/bpa.7.fore ix xii 4 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 1 A01 01 JB code 24331329 Catherine McBride McBride, Catherine Catherine McBride The Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/24331329 01 01 JB code bpa.7.01pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.01pae 1 22 22 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences 01 04 An introduction An introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 967331330 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/967331330 30 00

This chapter describes the realm of writing systems, scripts, and orthographies focusing on three East-Asian languages – Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. With the operational definitions of basic terms, it identifies the visual resemblances in square blocks as the essential feature underlying commonalities among the three scripts as well as the internal structures of words and linguistic units as the crucial features behind dissimilarities. Next, it describes the scope and breadth of cross-linguistic influences and how models and theories of word processing can be established through cross-linguistic research. The chapter closes with the book’s objectives, intended audiences, and organization.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p1 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p1 26 175 150 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Chinese Part 1. Chinese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.02lin 06 10.1075/bpa.7.02lin 25 48 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading 1 A01 01 JB code 45331331 Candise Yue Lin Lin, Candise Yue Candise Yue Lin University of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45331331 2 A01 01 JB code 259331332 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/259331332 3 A01 01 JB code 600331333 Anisha Singh Singh, Anisha Anisha Singh University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/600331333 30 00

The Chinese writing system forms the sharpest contrast with the English writing system in terms of its grapheme-phoneme mapping principle. This review paper begins with a description of the characteristics of the Chinese writing and spoken systems, which is followed by the discussion of phonological, morphological, and orthographic processing involved in reading Chinese. We then review the literature central to the question as to how cross-language and cross-script differences and similarities in terms of the three basic processes impact reading English as a second language (L2) by native Chinese readers. We address the question from developmental perspectives targeting both children who are learning to read Chinese and English simultaneously and adult sequential learners of English. The chapter concludes with a discussion of limitations in previous research and future directions.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.03cha 06 10.1075/bpa.7.03cha 49 72 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation 01 04 Measurement and implications for reading Measurement and implications for reading 1 A01 01 JB code 262331334 Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang Chang, Li-Yun (Wendy) Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/262331334 2 A01 01 JB code 292331335 Charles A. Perfetti Perfetti, Charles A. Charles A. Perfetti University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/292331335 30 00

We examine the visual properties of graphic forms and the role they play in reading within and across writing systems. We argue that writing-system factors determine the complexity of graphic forms, which affects perceptual processes in reading. We review studies we have carried out on graph complexity, including a description of GraphCom, a multidimensional system for quantifying complexity that we applied to 131 orthographies. We suggest that meeting the challenges of complexity leads to increased perceptual skills and report a comparison of the two scripts of Chinese, the most complex among the world’s writing systems. Use of the more complex traditional script is associated with greater perceptual performance compared with the simplified script, lending support to this suggestion.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.04koh 06 10.1075/bpa.7.04koh 73 98 26 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? 1 A01 01 JB code 179331336 Poh Wee Koh Koh, Poh Wee Poh Wee Koh Florida State University, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/179331336 2 A01 01 JB code 386331337 Xi Chen Chen, Xi Xi Chen Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/386331337 3 A01 01 JB code 763331338 Alexandra Gottardo Gottardo, Alexandra Alexandra Gottardo Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/763331338 30 00

We discuss the cross-language relationships of phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary in the context of English and Chinese and also how these three constructs are related to word reading within and between the two languages. We focused on a series of studies that have examined Chinese and English monolinguals, as well as Chinese-English bilinguals. Research supports the contributions of phonological awareness and morphological awareness to reading in English and Chinese, as well as across the two languages. Findings pertaining to vocabulary, however, have been mixed. The review of research here suggests the need to further investigate the inter-relations among subcomponents of phonological awareness and morphological awareness as well as how different aspects of vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.05kal 06 10.1075/bpa.7.05kal 99 120 22 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions 1 A01 01 JB code 603331339 Sylvia Chanda Kalindi Kalindi, Sylvia Chanda Sylvia Chanda Kalindi The Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/603331339 2 A01 01 JB code 688331340 Kevin Kien Hoa Chung Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa Kevin Kien Hoa Chung The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/688331340 3 A01 01 JB code 908331341 Duo Phil Liu Liu, Duo Phil Duo Phil Liu The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/908331341 4 A01 01 JB code 594331342 Li-Chih Angus Wang Wang, Li-Chih Angus Li-Chih Angus Wang The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594331342 30 00

This chapter will review universal and unique cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading acquisition and impairment, such as reading disabilities and dyslexia, in the Chinese language. The chapter will examine research evidence linking phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and visual skills to reading acquisition among children in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Understanding these cognitive-linguistic constructs and their mechanisms underlying reading acquisition is essential in order to explain reading impairment. Compared to dyslexic children of alphabetic languages, Chinese children with dyslexia present different and often multiple profiles of cognitive-linguistic deficits, the most dominant being RAN, orthographic awareness, and morphological awareness and the less dominant being phonological awareness. In particular, the review will examine the causes, characteristics, uniqueness or idiosyncrasies found in speakers of Chinese, and consequences of dyslexia in children in the three Chinese societies. Such a review will offer insight into and lay foundations for developing effective evidence-based interventions for children with reading impairment both inside and outside of school. Implications for current evidence-based practices in interventions are also discussed.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.06jia 06 10.1075/bpa.7.06jia 121 136 16 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language 1 A01 01 JB code 730331343 Nan Jiang Jiang, Nan Nan Jiang University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/730331343 30 00

Languages differ in the semantic structures underlying their linguistic forms. Thus, the learning of a new language entails the development of a semantic system that is specific to the target language. This chapter reviews recent studies that examined three topics related to semantic processing and development among learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL). They are the factors that may affect the initial understanding of the meanings of unknown words, the acquisition of multiple meanings of polysemous words, and learning of new meanings and new semantic distinctions. The chapter concludes with some discussion of pedagogical implications of this line of research.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.07cao 06 10.1075/bpa.7.07cao 137 162 26 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading 1 A01 01 JB code 516331344 Fan Cao Cao, Fan Fan Cao Sun Yat-Sen University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/516331344 30 00

Research on Chinese reading provides important insights into the understanding of language-universal and script-specific mechanisms of reading, because Chinese is contrastively different from alphabetic languages. In this chapter, I will first summarize neuroimaging findings of Chinese word reading in adults in comparison to English word reading. Then, I will discuss how the brain adapts to one’s language with learning and development. Then, I will focus on the topic of second language learning, including how one brain processes Chinese and English in bilinguals, how first language influences second language learning, and whether there are different optimal learning methods for different second languages. This chapter will address these important questions based on neuroimaging studies.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.08ma 06 10.1075/bpa.7.08ma 163 176 14 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 627331345 Fengyang Ma Ma, Fengyang Fengyang Ma School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/627331345 2 A01 01 JB code 893331346 Haiyang Ai Ai, Haiyang Haiyang Ai School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/893331346 3 A01 01 JB code 58331347 Taomei Guo Guo, Taomei Taomei Guo State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University; / Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/58331347 30 00

The present fMRI study examined the neural correlates of semantic and lexical processing in unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals with two lexical decision tasks in both their languages. Results showed that when contrasted the participants’ responses to words with those of pseudo-words, there was no significant difference between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2), suggesting that comparable neural networks are involved in semantic processing during word recognition in unbalanced bilinguals’ two languages. However, when contrasted the neural activation patterns of words and cross strings (i.e., ++++), the weaker L2 elicited stronger activation in the left middle occipital gyrus, the left precentral gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule, relative to the dominant L1. This indicates that more resources are engaged in lexical processing in the L2 than in the L1.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p2 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p2 180 332 153 Section header 11 01 04 Part 2. Japanese Part 2. Japanese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.09joy 06 10.1075/bpa.7.09joy 179 200 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 480331348 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/480331348 2 A01 01 JB code 707331349 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/707331349 30 00

The general consensus among writing-systems researchers is that the Japanese writing system (JWS) is remarkably complex (Joyce, 2002a, 2011). This introductory chapter consists of two main parts that, respectively, provide an overview of the multi-script JWS and a selective review of psycholinguistic research on Japanese visual word processing. More specifically, after outlining its historical development, Part 2 focuses on the contemporary JWS and on highlighting the complex conventions that simultaneously underlie how the component scripts are employed together in essentially complementary ways while effectively sanctioning its pervasive levels of orthographic variation. In contrast, the shorter Part 3 reflects on how JWS’s complexity both poses certain challenges and also affords unique opportunities for investigating the complicated interactions involved in word processing.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.10bro 06 10.1075/bpa.7.10bro 201 220 20 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 432331350 Michelle Broekhuyse Broekhuyse, Michelle Michelle Broekhuyse University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/432331350 2 A01 01 JB code 652331351 Marcus Taft Taft, Marcus Marcus Taft University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/652331351 30 00

Previous research investigating second-language processing difficulties experienced by Japanese native speakers is consistent with the notion that these individuals are representing foreign words in terms of their native phonological structure at an abstract underlying level. This issue is illustrated here by an experiment that compared Japanese-English bilinguals and native English speakers on their immediate recall of English pseudo-words. Recall performance was dependent on the number of phonemes within list items for the monolingual participants, but on the number of morae for the Japanese bilinguals, indicating that they were indeed automatically activating “Japanized” abstract representations upon encountering the non-native constructions. It is particularly noteworthy that this appeared to be true regardless of the age at which the bilinguals had learnt English.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.11mas 06 10.1075/bpa.7.11mas 221 244 24 Chapter 14 01 04 Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words 1 A01 01 JB code 577331352 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/577331352 2 A01 01 JB code 672331353 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/672331353 30 00

This chapter reports on two experiments conducted to investigate the morphological activation of two-kanji compound words using the constituent-morpheme priming paradigm with a series of very-brief masked stimulus onset asynchronicity (SOA) conditions. In contrast to Experiment 1 where the word-formation principle (WFP) conditions all involved Sino-Japanese (SJ) compound word targets, the WFP conditions for Experiment 2 included both SJ and native-Japanese (NJ) WFP targets. The results from both experiments provide evidence for the early contributions of morphological information to the lexical processing of compound words, in terms of advantages for left-to-right processing, for head-morphemes and for lexical-stratum. The results are discussed in the context of the Japanese lemma-unit model (Joyce, 2002a, 2002b).

01 01 JB code bpa.7.12aka 06 10.1075/bpa.7.12aka 245 266 22 Chapter 15 01 04 Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 597331354 Nobuhiko Akamatsu Akamatsu, Nobuhiko Nobuhiko Akamatsu Doshisha University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/597331354 30 00

This study examined the possible effects of learners’ first language (L1) and learning context on the mental structures of second language (L2) polysemous words: the English prepositions at, in, and on. The study found that Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) who had lived in an English-speaking country had developed native-like mental structures of the three prepositions. By contrast, those with little or no experience living in an English-speaking country showed native-like mental structures only for on – the preposition denoting the most concrete notion among the three prepositions. These findings suggest that learners’ L1 may affect their mental representations of L2 prepositions, particularly those denoting abstract notions, but significant L2 exposure can diminish such L1 effects.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.13yam 06 10.1075/bpa.7.13yam 267 292 26 Chapter 16 01 04 Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition 01 04 Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan 1 A01 01 JB code 395331355 Junko Yamashita Yamashita, Junko Junko Yamashita Nagoya University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/395331355 30 00

There has been a general consensus that readers develop different cognitive mechanisms in response to linguistic properties of languages and writing systems in which they read, and that processing capacities acquired in the first language (L1) may transfer to reading in another language. However, findings from developmental studies are substantially mixed. To address the conflicting results, this study examined an English word recognition trajectory in L1-Japanese secondary school students from Grade 9 to 11 using a longitudinal research design and observing the relative contribution of orthographic and phonological processing to word recognition. Contrary to the developmental trend in L1-English readers, the significant predictor of word recognition was orthographic processing in lower grades and phonological processing in Grade 11, suggesting the different developmental pathway between L1 and L2 word recognition for the readers of multi-script Japanese.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.14kod 06 10.1075/bpa.7.14kod 293 312 20 Chapter 17 01 04 Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language 1 A01 01 JB code 350331356 Keiko Koda Koda, Keiko Keiko Koda Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/350331356 2 A01 01 JB code 590331357 Ryan T. Miller Miller, Ryan T. Ryan T. Miller Kent State University, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/590331357 30 00

L2 reading entails a complex cross-linguistic interaction between L1 reading ability and L2 linguistic knowledge. As such, it is seen as a dynamic process of coalescing diverse resources, including cognitive skills, linguistic knowledge, and metalinguistic awareness, in two languages. In this chapter, we explain the nature of morphological awareness as an abstract, yet language-dependent, construct. We then analyze systematic variations in grapheme-morpheme relationships in typologically different languages. Based on the analysis, we propose specific predictions regarding the joint contributions of L1 reading and L2 resources to the development and utilization of L2 morphological awareness. We report a summary of a study addressing the relative contributions of L1 reading ability, L2 morphological awareness and L2 linguistic knowledge to L2 word meaning inference.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.15sat 06 10.1075/bpa.7.15sat 313 332 20 Chapter 18 01 04 Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts 01 04 Translanguaging in translation Translanguaging in translation 1 A01 01 JB code 490331358 Eriko Sato Sato, Eriko Eriko Sato SUNY Stony Brook University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/490331358 30 00

This chapter analyzes the development of the Japanese writing system and the use of multiple types of scripts in translated texts in Japanese based on translanguaging. The sociolinguistic concept of translanguaging refers to the strategic use of linguistic repertoires across language boundaries by bilingual language users. In the case of translations of texts into Japanese, various scripts provide numerous communicative and expressive functions which allow users to adapt new concepts, creatively represent ideas, and critically convey their viewpoints. These abilities are often afforded by unconventional use of furigana, or small-sized kana that indicate the proper pronunciation of kanji characters. This study argues that translanguaging occurs not only in oral communications, but also through scripts, and is essential for languages to evolve by incorporating the surrounding sociocultural contexts.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p3 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p3 336 458 123 Section header 19 01 04 Part 3. Korean Part 3. Korean 01 01 JB code bpa.7.16pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.16pae 335 352 18 Chapter 20 01 04 Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 522331359 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/522331359 30 00

This chapter reviews the development of the Korean script, Hangul, from its birth to linguistic and psycholinguistic implications for word reading. It first discusses the language family and the structure of the Korean oral language. Given that the emergence of the script is unlike most scripts or writing systems, it next overviews the invention background of Hangul. The script encompasses the characteristics of phonemic, syllabic, and alphasyllabic writing systems by means of the systematic union of consonants and vowels as well as the regular phoneme-grapheme correspondence. As these characteristics result in significant consequences in processing texts, the structure of Hangul is surveyed from linguistic aspects, while its orthography is reviewed from psycholinguistic aspects. The chapter ends with a call for moving from the accumulation of empirical evidence to the phase of building theoretical models.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.17pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.17pae 353 372 20 Chapter 21 01 04 Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format 01 04 L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers 1 A01 01 JB code 776331360 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/776331360 2 A01 01 JB code 25331361 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/25331361 3 A01 01 JB code 636331362 Quintino R. Mano Mano, Quintino R. Quintino R. Mano University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/636331362 4 A01 01 JB code 896331363 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/896331363 30 00

This study investigated cross-linguistic influences of the Korean script’s syllabic format on L2 English word reading. A total of 103 college students participated in two naming experiments in Korea and the U.S. Experiment 1 used Korean graphemes presented in both block (i.e., Hangul printing convention) and left-to-right linear (i.e., English printing convention) formats. Results from Experiment 1 showed that Korean participants were significantly faster in reading Korean graphemes presented in the block format than in the linear format. Experiment 2 utilized English words that appeared to participants as having random spaces but in fact the spaces corresponded to Korean syllabic boundaries (e.g., un der s tan d, 언더스탠드). Results from Experiment 2 revealed that native Korean readers did not show a significant interference effect in reading L2 words that were derived from L1 syllabic boundaries. Findings are interpreted within the context of the Syllabic Autonomy Saliency Hypothesis for Hangul.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.18bae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.18bae 373 390 18 Chapter 22 01 04 Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean 01 04 Both body and rime units are important in Korean Both body and rime units are important in Korean 1 A01 01 JB code 736331364 Sungbong Bae Bae, Sungbong Sungbong Bae Yeungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/736331364 2 A01 01 JB code 967331365 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/967331365 3 A01 01 JB code 236331366 Kwangoh Yi Yi, Kwangoh Kwangoh Yi Yeungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/236331366 30 00

There have been conflicting results in the literature regarding the dominant linguistic unit (body-coda units vs. onset-rime units) in reading Korean Hangul. In an attempt to resolve the contradictory views between the phonotactic constraint (support for body-coda) and the universal rime bias (support for onset-rime) in reading, this chapter examines subunit priming effects on rapid word recognition among native Korean readers. Thirty five university students participated in a lexical decision task using Korean words and nonwords as targets. Primes included related and unrelated bodies, rimes, and consonants of disyllabic targets. Results of a linear mixed model showed that both body and rime units played significant roles in response time. Rime primes also affected accuracy of rapid lexical decision. Unlike previous research that showed body primacy, the results indicated that both body and rime units are important in reading Korean.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.19cho 06 10.1075/bpa.7.19cho 391 410 20 Chapter 23 01 04 Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children 1 A01 01 JB code 240331367 Jeung-Ryeul Cho Cho, Jeung-Ryeul Jeung-Ryeul Cho Kyungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/240331367 30 00

This study examined the contribution of orthographic awareness (OA), rapid automatized naming of numbers (RAN), phonological awareness (PA), morphological awareness (MA) in L1 Korean to word reading and writing in L1 Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and L2 English among 98 Korean 5th graders. Korean language and orthography have relatively transparent phonological and morphological structures. Korean children learn Hangul in kindergarten, Hanja in elementary school as an elective subject, and English in Grade 3 as an L2. Results showed that Korean OA accounted for significant variance of Hangul reading; and Korean PA explained English reading and writing and Hangul writing; Korean MA explained writing in Hangul, Hanja, and English; RAN explained English reading only. These results suggest that MA is the meta-linguistic skill that transfers across alphabetic and non-alphabetic languages, whereas PA transfers across alphabetic languages. However, orthographic awareness is language-specific.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.20kim 06 10.1075/bpa.7.20kim 411 426 16 Chapter 24 01 04 Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading 1 A01 01 JB code 80331368 Say Young Kim Kim, Say Young Say Young Kim Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/80331368 2 A01 01 JB code 480331369 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/480331369 30 00

Korean has a unique status compared to other alphabetic orthographies in terms of its phonology-orthography mapping and visual-orthographic configuration. In this chapter we reviewed recent literature on the neural bases of reading in Korean L1 to understand whether and how the characteristics of Korean orthography are reflected in the brain network. We then reviewed recent neuroimaging literature concerning the L1 effect on L2 reading with Korean L1. Evidence suggests that when reading English L2, native Korean readers engage the brain network similar to the Korean L1 network (i.e., assimilation). In contrast, when reading Chinese L2, the brain network involved is significantly different from the Korean L1 network (i.e., accommodation). The L2 brain network seems to be shaped by L1 experience. The chapter concluded with a discussion of future research directions.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.21pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.21pae 427 446 20 Chapter 25 01 04 Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? 01 04 How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English 1 A01 01 JB code 182331370 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/182331370 2 A01 01 JB code 428331371 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/428331371 3 A01 01 JB code 977331372 Xiao (Peter) Luo Luo, Xiao (Peter) Xiao (Peter) Luo University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/977331372 30 00

This study examined how native speakers of Korean extracted letter-feature information from mutilated texts (i.e., top-half and bottom-half), compared to native speakers of Chinese and English. Hypothesized were (1) the upper-part saliency and (2) L1 script effects on L2 reading. A computer-based naming test was administered. Results showed eminent upper-part effects possibly due to more ascenders being at the top than descenders at the bottom of the English letters, but the magnitude of the effects was different among the three groups. Overall, the Korean group seemed to rely more on letter-constituent information drawn from letter features, while the Chinese participants are likely to rely on gestalt information of the word. The results were interpreted with L1 script effects and typology relatedness.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.22bac 06 10.1075/bpa.7.22bac 447 458 12 Chapter 26 01 04 Chapter 22. Looking ahead Chapter 22. Looking ahead 01 04 Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications 1 A01 01 JB code 360331373 Han Suk Bae Bae, Han Suk Han Suk Bae Dong-A University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/360331373 2 A01 01 JB code 594331374 R. Malatesha Joshi Joshi, R. Malatesha R. Malatesha Joshi Texas A&M University, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594331374 3 A01 01 JB code 843331375 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/843331375 30 00

This closing chapter briefly summarizes research findings on the processes of word reading in three East-Asian orthographies (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) and calls for theoretical and practical attention related to word reading among speakers of these unique languages. Based on the analyses of and reflections on studies of the three orthographies, we first summarize what we know about word reading with respect to reading universals, reading particulars, and cross-language transfer. We then articulate theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical considerations to advance to the next phase of reading sciences in these three orthographies.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.index 06 10.1075/bpa.7.index 459 466 8 Miscellaneous 27 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/bpa.7 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20180710 C 2018 John Benjamins D 2018 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 88 14 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 99.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 88 14 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 149.00 USD
353018549 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BPA 7 GE 15 9789027264053 06 10.1075/bpa.7 13 2018030897 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code BPA 02 JB code 2352-0531 02 7.00 01 02 Bilingual Processing and Acquisition Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 01 01 Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences 1 B01 01 JB code 134268066 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati 01 eng 11 478 03 03 xii 03 00 466 03 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 24 JB code LIN.WRIT Writing and literacy 10 LAN013000 12 CFDM 01 06 02 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. 03 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. Distinctively broad in scope, topics addressed in this volume include word reading with respect to orthographic, phonological, morphological, and semantic processing as well as cross-linguistic influences on reading in English as a second language or a foreign language. Given that the three focal scripts have unique orthographic features not found in other languages – Chinese as logography, Japanese with multi-scripts, and Korean as non-Roman alphasyllabary – chapters expound script-universal and script-specific reading processes. As a means of scaling up the body of knowledge traditionally focused on Anglocentric reading research, the scientific accounts articulated in this volume importantly expand the field’s current theoretical frameworks of word processing to theory building with regard to these three languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/bpa.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027200730.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027200730.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/bpa.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/bpa.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code bpa.7.fore 06 10.1075/bpa.7.fore ix xii 4 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 1 A01 01 JB code 24331329 Catherine McBride McBride, Catherine Catherine McBride The Chinese University of Hong Kong 01 01 JB code bpa.7.01pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.01pae 1 22 22 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences 01 04 An introduction An introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 967331330 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.p1 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p1 26 175 150 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Chinese Part 1. Chinese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.02lin 06 10.1075/bpa.7.02lin 25 48 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading 1 A01 01 JB code 45331331 Candise Yue Lin Lin, Candise Yue Candise Yue Lin University of Southern California 2 A01 01 JB code 259331332 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park 3 A01 01 JB code 600331333 Anisha Singh Singh, Anisha Anisha Singh University of Maryland, College Park 01 01 JB code bpa.7.03cha 06 10.1075/bpa.7.03cha 49 72 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation 01 04 Measurement and implications for reading Measurement and implications for reading 1 A01 01 JB code 262331334 Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang Chang, Li-Yun (Wendy) Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan 2 A01 01 JB code 292331335 Charles A. Perfetti Perfetti, Charles A. Charles A. Perfetti University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.04koh 06 10.1075/bpa.7.04koh 73 98 26 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? 1 A01 01 JB code 179331336 Poh Wee Koh Koh, Poh Wee Poh Wee Koh Florida State University, USA 2 A01 01 JB code 386331337 Xi Chen Chen, Xi Xi Chen Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada 3 A01 01 JB code 763331338 Alexandra Gottardo Gottardo, Alexandra Alexandra Gottardo Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada 01 01 JB code bpa.7.05kal 06 10.1075/bpa.7.05kal 99 120 22 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions 1 A01 01 JB code 603331339 Sylvia Chanda Kalindi Kalindi, Sylvia Chanda Sylvia Chanda Kalindi The Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada 2 A01 01 JB code 688331340 Kevin Kien Hoa Chung Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa Kevin Kien Hoa Chung The Education University of Hong Kong 3 A01 01 JB code 908331341 Duo Phil Liu Liu, Duo Phil Duo Phil Liu The Education University of Hong Kong 4 A01 01 JB code 594331342 Li-Chih Angus Wang Wang, Li-Chih Angus Li-Chih Angus Wang The Education University of Hong Kong 01 01 JB code bpa.7.06jia 06 10.1075/bpa.7.06jia 121 136 16 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language 1 A01 01 JB code 730331343 Nan Jiang Jiang, Nan Nan Jiang University of Maryland, College Park 01 01 JB code bpa.7.07cao 06 10.1075/bpa.7.07cao 137 162 26 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading 1 A01 01 JB code 516331344 Fan Cao Cao, Fan Fan Cao Sun Yat-Sen University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong 01 01 JB code bpa.7.08ma 06 10.1075/bpa.7.08ma 163 176 14 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 627331345 Fengyang Ma Ma, Fengyang Fengyang Ma School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 2 A01 01 JB code 893331346 Haiyang Ai Ai, Haiyang Haiyang Ai School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 3 A01 01 JB code 58331347 Taomei Guo Guo, Taomei Taomei Guo State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University; / Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University 01 01 JB code bpa.7.p2 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p2 180 332 153 Section header 11 01 04 Part 2. Japanese Part 2. Japanese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.09joy 06 10.1075/bpa.7.09joy 179 200 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 480331348 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan; 2 A01 01 JB code 707331349 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 01 01 JB code bpa.7.10bro 06 10.1075/bpa.7.10bro 201 220 20 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 432331350 Michelle Broekhuyse Broekhuyse, Michelle Michelle Broekhuyse University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2 A01 01 JB code 652331351 Marcus Taft Taft, Marcus Marcus Taft University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 01 01 JB code bpa.7.11mas 06 10.1075/bpa.7.11mas 221 244 24 Chapter 14 01 04 Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words 1 A01 01 JB code 577331352 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 2 A01 01 JB code 672331353 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan 01 01 JB code bpa.7.12aka 06 10.1075/bpa.7.12aka 245 266 22 Chapter 15 01 04 Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 597331354 Nobuhiko Akamatsu Akamatsu, Nobuhiko Nobuhiko Akamatsu Doshisha University, Japan 01 01 JB code bpa.7.13yam 06 10.1075/bpa.7.13yam 267 292 26 Chapter 16 01 04 Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition 01 04 Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan 1 A01 01 JB code 395331355 Junko Yamashita Yamashita, Junko Junko Yamashita Nagoya University, Japan 01 01 JB code bpa.7.14kod 06 10.1075/bpa.7.14kod 293 312 20 Chapter 17 01 04 Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language 1 A01 01 JB code 350331356 Keiko Koda Koda, Keiko Keiko Koda Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A 2 A01 01 JB code 590331357 Ryan T. Miller Miller, Ryan T. Ryan T. Miller Kent State University, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.15sat 06 10.1075/bpa.7.15sat 313 332 20 Chapter 18 01 04 Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts 01 04 Translanguaging in translation Translanguaging in translation 1 A01 01 JB code 490331358 Eriko Sato Sato, Eriko Eriko Sato SUNY Stony Brook University 01 01 JB code bpa.7.p3 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p3 336 458 123 Section header 19 01 04 Part 3. Korean Part 3. Korean 01 01 JB code bpa.7.16pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.16pae 335 352 18 Chapter 20 01 04 Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 522331359 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.17pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.17pae 353 372 20 Chapter 21 01 04 Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format 01 04 L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers 1 A01 01 JB code 776331360 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 2 A01 01 JB code 25331361 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 3 A01 01 JB code 636331362 Quintino R. Mano Mano, Quintino R. Quintino R. Mano University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 4 A01 01 JB code 896331363 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.18bae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.18bae 373 390 18 Chapter 22 01 04 Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean 01 04 Both body and rime units are important in Korean Both body and rime units are important in Korean 1 A01 01 JB code 736331364 Sungbong Bae Bae, Sungbong Sungbong Bae Yeungnam University, South Korea 2 A01 01 JB code 967331365 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 3 A01 01 JB code 236331366 Kwangoh Yi Yi, Kwangoh Kwangoh Yi Yeungnam University, South Korea 01 01 JB code bpa.7.19cho 06 10.1075/bpa.7.19cho 391 410 20 Chapter 23 01 04 Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children 1 A01 01 JB code 240331367 Jeung-Ryeul Cho Cho, Jeung-Ryeul Jeung-Ryeul Cho Kyungnam University, South Korea 01 01 JB code bpa.7.20kim 06 10.1075/bpa.7.20kim 411 426 16 Chapter 24 01 04 Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading 1 A01 01 JB code 80331368 Say Young Kim Kim, Say Young Say Young Kim Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea 2 A01 01 JB code 480331369 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 01 01 JB code bpa.7.21pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.21pae 427 446 20 Chapter 25 01 04 Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? 01 04 How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English 1 A01 01 JB code 182331370 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 2 A01 01 JB code 428331371 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 3 A01 01 JB code 977331372 Xiao (Peter) Luo Luo, Xiao (Peter) Xiao (Peter) Luo University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.22bac 06 10.1075/bpa.7.22bac 447 458 12 Chapter 26 01 04 Chapter 22. Looking ahead Chapter 22. Looking ahead 01 04 Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications 1 A01 01 JB code 360331373 Han Suk Bae Bae, Han Suk Han Suk Bae Dong-A University, South Korea 2 A01 01 JB code 594331374 R. Malatesha Joshi Joshi, R. Malatesha R. Malatesha Joshi Texas A&M University, U.S.A. 3 A01 01 JB code 843331375 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 01 01 JB code bpa.7.index 06 10.1075/bpa.7.index 459 466 8 Miscellaneous 27 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20180710 C 2018 John Benjamins D 2018 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027200730 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD 708017371 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BPA 7 Eb 15 9789027264053 06 10.1075/bpa.7 13 2018030897 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code BPA 02 2352-0531 02 7.00 01 02 Bilingual Processing and Acquisition Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 700 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-2018 01 02 2018 collection (152 titles) 05 02 2018 collection 01 01 Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences Reflections from the Chinese, Japanese and Korean Languages Writing Systems, Reading Processes, and Cross-Linguistic Influences: Reflections from the Chinese, Japanese and Korean Languages 1 B01 01 JB code 134268066 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/134268066 01 eng 11 478 03 03 xii 03 00 466 03 01 23 495 03 2018 P115.5.A75 04 Bilingualism--Asia, East. 04 Second language acquisition--Asia, East. 04 Chinese language--Writing. 04 Japanese language--Writing. 04 Korean language--Writing. 04 English language--Study and teaching--Asia, East. 10 LAN013000 12 CFDM 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB code LIN.PSYLIN Psycholinguistics 24 JB code LIN.WRIT Writing and literacy 01 06 02 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. 03 00 This book provides readers with a unique array of scholarly reflections on the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in relation to reading processes and data-driven interpretations of cross-language transfer. Distinctively broad in scope, topics addressed in this volume include word reading with respect to orthographic, phonological, morphological, and semantic processing as well as cross-linguistic influences on reading in English as a second language or a foreign language. Given that the three focal scripts have unique orthographic features not found in other languages – Chinese as logography, Japanese with multi-scripts, and Korean as non-Roman alphasyllabary – chapters expound script-universal and script-specific reading processes. As a means of scaling up the body of knowledge traditionally focused on Anglocentric reading research, the scientific accounts articulated in this volume importantly expand the field’s current theoretical frameworks of word processing to theory building with regard to these three languages. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/bpa.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027200730.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027200730.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/bpa.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/bpa.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/bpa.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code bpa.7.fore 06 10.1075/bpa.7.fore ix xii 4 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 1 A01 01 JB code 24331329 Catherine McBride McBride, Catherine Catherine McBride The Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/24331329 01 01 JB code bpa.7.01pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.01pae 1 22 22 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences Chapter 1. Written languages, East-Asian scripts, and cross-linguistic influences 01 04 An introduction An introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 967331330 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/967331330 30 00

This chapter describes the realm of writing systems, scripts, and orthographies focusing on three East-Asian languages – Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. With the operational definitions of basic terms, it identifies the visual resemblances in square blocks as the essential feature underlying commonalities among the three scripts as well as the internal structures of words and linguistic units as the crucial features behind dissimilarities. Next, it describes the scope and breadth of cross-linguistic influences and how models and theories of word processing can be established through cross-linguistic research. The chapter closes with the book’s objectives, intended audiences, and organization.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p1 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p1 26 175 150 Section header 3 01 04 Part 1. Chinese Part 1. Chinese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.02lin 06 10.1075/bpa.7.02lin 25 48 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading Chapter 2. Introduction to script processing in Chinese and cognitive consequences for bilingual reading 1 A01 01 JB code 45331331 Candise Yue Lin Lin, Candise Yue Candise Yue Lin University of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45331331 2 A01 01 JB code 259331332 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/259331332 3 A01 01 JB code 600331333 Anisha Singh Singh, Anisha Anisha Singh University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/600331333 30 00

The Chinese writing system forms the sharpest contrast with the English writing system in terms of its grapheme-phoneme mapping principle. This review paper begins with a description of the characteristics of the Chinese writing and spoken systems, which is followed by the discussion of phonological, morphological, and orthographic processing involved in reading Chinese. We then review the literature central to the question as to how cross-language and cross-script differences and similarities in terms of the three basic processes impact reading English as a second language (L2) by native Chinese readers. We address the question from developmental perspectives targeting both children who are learning to read Chinese and English simultaneously and adult sequential learners of English. The chapter concludes with a discussion of limitations in previous research and future directions.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.03cha 06 10.1075/bpa.7.03cha 49 72 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation Chapter 3. Visual factors in writing system variation 01 04 Measurement and implications for reading Measurement and implications for reading 1 A01 01 JB code 262331334 Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang Chang, Li-Yun (Wendy) Li-Yun (Wendy) Chang National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/262331334 2 A01 01 JB code 292331335 Charles A. Perfetti Perfetti, Charles A. Charles A. Perfetti University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/292331335 30 00

We examine the visual properties of graphic forms and the role they play in reading within and across writing systems. We argue that writing-system factors determine the complexity of graphic forms, which affects perceptual processes in reading. We review studies we have carried out on graph complexity, including a description of GraphCom, a multidimensional system for quantifying complexity that we applied to 131 orthographies. We suggest that meeting the challenges of complexity leads to increased perceptual skills and report a comparison of the two scripts of Chinese, the most complex among the world’s writing systems. Use of the more complex traditional script is associated with greater perceptual performance compared with the simplified script, lending support to this suggestion.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.04koh 06 10.1075/bpa.7.04koh 73 98 26 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? Chapter 4. How do phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading within and between English and Chinese? 1 A01 01 JB code 179331336 Poh Wee Koh Koh, Poh Wee Poh Wee Koh Florida State University, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/179331336 2 A01 01 JB code 386331337 Xi Chen Chen, Xi Xi Chen Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/386331337 3 A01 01 JB code 763331338 Alexandra Gottardo Gottardo, Alexandra Alexandra Gottardo Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/763331338 30 00

We discuss the cross-language relationships of phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary in the context of English and Chinese and also how these three constructs are related to word reading within and between the two languages. We focused on a series of studies that have examined Chinese and English monolinguals, as well as Chinese-English bilinguals. Research supports the contributions of phonological awareness and morphological awareness to reading in English and Chinese, as well as across the two languages. Findings pertaining to vocabulary, however, have been mixed. The review of research here suggests the need to further investigate the inter-relations among subcomponents of phonological awareness and morphological awareness as well as how different aspects of vocabulary knowledge relate to word reading.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.05kal 06 10.1075/bpa.7.05kal 99 120 22 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions Chapter 5. The complexities of written Chinese and the cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading, with consequent implications for reading interventions 1 A01 01 JB code 603331339 Sylvia Chanda Kalindi Kalindi, Sylvia Chanda Sylvia Chanda Kalindi The Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/603331339 2 A01 01 JB code 688331340 Kevin Kien Hoa Chung Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa Kevin Kien Hoa Chung The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/688331340 3 A01 01 JB code 908331341 Duo Phil Liu Liu, Duo Phil Duo Phil Liu The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/908331341 4 A01 01 JB code 594331342 Li-Chih Angus Wang Wang, Li-Chih Angus Li-Chih Angus Wang The Education University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594331342 30 00

This chapter will review universal and unique cognitive-linguistic precursors to reading acquisition and impairment, such as reading disabilities and dyslexia, in the Chinese language. The chapter will examine research evidence linking phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and visual skills to reading acquisition among children in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Understanding these cognitive-linguistic constructs and their mechanisms underlying reading acquisition is essential in order to explain reading impairment. Compared to dyslexic children of alphabetic languages, Chinese children with dyslexia present different and often multiple profiles of cognitive-linguistic deficits, the most dominant being RAN, orthographic awareness, and morphological awareness and the less dominant being phonological awareness. In particular, the review will examine the causes, characteristics, uniqueness or idiosyncrasies found in speakers of Chinese, and consequences of dyslexia in children in the three Chinese societies. Such a review will offer insight into and lay foundations for developing effective evidence-based interventions for children with reading impairment both inside and outside of school. Implications for current evidence-based practices in interventions are also discussed.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.06jia 06 10.1075/bpa.7.06jia 121 136 16 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language Chapter 6. Semantic processing and development in Chinese as a second language 1 A01 01 JB code 730331343 Nan Jiang Jiang, Nan Nan Jiang University of Maryland, College Park 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/730331343 30 00

Languages differ in the semantic structures underlying their linguistic forms. Thus, the learning of a new language entails the development of a semantic system that is specific to the target language. This chapter reviews recent studies that examined three topics related to semantic processing and development among learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL). They are the factors that may affect the initial understanding of the meanings of unknown words, the acquisition of multiple meanings of polysemous words, and learning of new meanings and new semantic distinctions. The chapter concludes with some discussion of pedagogical implications of this line of research.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.07cao 06 10.1075/bpa.7.07cao 137 162 26 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading Chapter 7. Brain mechanisms of Chinese word reading 1 A01 01 JB code 516331344 Fan Cao Cao, Fan Fan Cao Sun Yat-Sen University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/516331344 30 00

Research on Chinese reading provides important insights into the understanding of language-universal and script-specific mechanisms of reading, because Chinese is contrastively different from alphabetic languages. In this chapter, I will first summarize neuroimaging findings of Chinese word reading in adults in comparison to English word reading. Then, I will discuss how the brain adapts to one’s language with learning and development. Then, I will focus on the topic of second language learning, including how one brain processes Chinese and English in bilinguals, how first language influences second language learning, and whether there are different optimal learning methods for different second languages. This chapter will address these important questions based on neuroimaging studies.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.08ma 06 10.1075/bpa.7.08ma 163 176 14 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals Chapter 8. Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 627331345 Fengyang Ma Ma, Fengyang Fengyang Ma School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/627331345 2 A01 01 JB code 893331346 Haiyang Ai Ai, Haiyang Haiyang Ai School of Education, University of Cincinnati; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/893331346 3 A01 01 JB code 58331347 Taomei Guo Guo, Taomei Taomei Guo State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University; / Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/58331347 30 00

The present fMRI study examined the neural correlates of semantic and lexical processing in unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals with two lexical decision tasks in both their languages. Results showed that when contrasted the participants’ responses to words with those of pseudo-words, there was no significant difference between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2), suggesting that comparable neural networks are involved in semantic processing during word recognition in unbalanced bilinguals’ two languages. However, when contrasted the neural activation patterns of words and cross strings (i.e., ++++), the weaker L2 elicited stronger activation in the left middle occipital gyrus, the left precentral gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule, relative to the dominant L1. This indicates that more resources are engaged in lexical processing in the L2 than in the L1.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p2 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p2 180 332 153 Section header 11 01 04 Part 2. Japanese Part 2. Japanese 01 01 JB code bpa.7.09joy 06 10.1075/bpa.7.09joy 179 200 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing Chapter 9. Introduction to the multi-script Japanese writing system and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 480331348 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan; 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/480331348 2 A01 01 JB code 707331349 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/707331349 30 00

The general consensus among writing-systems researchers is that the Japanese writing system (JWS) is remarkably complex (Joyce, 2002a, 2011). This introductory chapter consists of two main parts that, respectively, provide an overview of the multi-script JWS and a selective review of psycholinguistic research on Japanese visual word processing. More specifically, after outlining its historical development, Part 2 focuses on the contemporary JWS and on highlighting the complex conventions that simultaneously underlie how the component scripts are employed together in essentially complementary ways while effectively sanctioning its pervasive levels of orthographic variation. In contrast, the shorter Part 3 reflects on how JWS’s complexity both poses certain challenges and also affords unique opportunities for investigating the complicated interactions involved in word processing.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.10bro 06 10.1075/bpa.7.10bro 201 220 20 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals Chapter 10. L1-referenced phonological processing in Japanese-English bilinguals 1 A01 01 JB code 432331350 Michelle Broekhuyse Broekhuyse, Michelle Michelle Broekhuyse University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/432331350 2 A01 01 JB code 652331351 Marcus Taft Taft, Marcus Marcus Taft University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/652331351 30 00

Previous research investigating second-language processing difficulties experienced by Japanese native speakers is consistent with the notion that these individuals are representing foreign words in terms of their native phonological structure at an abstract underlying level. This issue is illustrated here by an experiment that compared Japanese-English bilinguals and native English speakers on their immediate recall of English pseudo-words. Recall performance was dependent on the number of phonemes within list items for the monolingual participants, but on the number of morae for the Japanese bilinguals, indicating that they were indeed automatically activating “Japanized” abstract representations upon encountering the non-native constructions. It is particularly noteworthy that this appeared to be true regardless of the age at which the bilinguals had learnt English.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.11mas 06 10.1075/bpa.7.11mas 221 244 24 Chapter 14 01 04 Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words Chapter 11. Constituent-priming investigations of the morphological activation of Japanese compound words 1 A01 01 JB code 577331352 Hisashi Masuda Masuda, Hisashi Hisashi Masuda Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/577331352 2 A01 01 JB code 672331353 Terry Joyce Joyce, Terry Terry Joyce Tama University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/672331353 30 00

This chapter reports on two experiments conducted to investigate the morphological activation of two-kanji compound words using the constituent-morpheme priming paradigm with a series of very-brief masked stimulus onset asynchronicity (SOA) conditions. In contrast to Experiment 1 where the word-formation principle (WFP) conditions all involved Sino-Japanese (SJ) compound word targets, the WFP conditions for Experiment 2 included both SJ and native-Japanese (NJ) WFP targets. The results from both experiments provide evidence for the early contributions of morphological information to the lexical processing of compound words, in terms of advantages for left-to-right processing, for head-morphemes and for lexical-stratum. The results are discussed in the context of the Japanese lemma-unit model (Joyce, 2002a, 2002b).

01 01 JB code bpa.7.12aka 06 10.1075/bpa.7.12aka 245 266 22 Chapter 15 01 04 Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon Chapter 12. The intertwining effects of first language and learning context on the bilingual mental lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 597331354 Nobuhiko Akamatsu Akamatsu, Nobuhiko Nobuhiko Akamatsu Doshisha University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/597331354 30 00

This study examined the possible effects of learners’ first language (L1) and learning context on the mental structures of second language (L2) polysemous words: the English prepositions at, in, and on. The study found that Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) who had lived in an English-speaking country had developed native-like mental structures of the three prepositions. By contrast, those with little or no experience living in an English-speaking country showed native-like mental structures only for on – the preposition denoting the most concrete notion among the three prepositions. These findings suggest that learners’ L1 may affect their mental representations of L2 prepositions, particularly those denoting abstract notions, but significant L2 exposure can diminish such L1 effects.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.13yam 06 10.1075/bpa.7.13yam 267 292 26 Chapter 16 01 04 Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition Chapter 13. Orthographic and phonological processing in L2-English word recognition 01 04 Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan Longitudinal observations from Grade 9 to 11 in EFL learners in Japan 1 A01 01 JB code 395331355 Junko Yamashita Yamashita, Junko Junko Yamashita Nagoya University, Japan 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/395331355 30 00

There has been a general consensus that readers develop different cognitive mechanisms in response to linguistic properties of languages and writing systems in which they read, and that processing capacities acquired in the first language (L1) may transfer to reading in another language. However, findings from developmental studies are substantially mixed. To address the conflicting results, this study examined an English word recognition trajectory in L1-Japanese secondary school students from Grade 9 to 11 using a longitudinal research design and observing the relative contribution of orthographic and phonological processing to word recognition. Contrary to the developmental trend in L1-English readers, the significant predictor of word recognition was orthographic processing in lower grades and phonological processing in Grade 11, suggesting the different developmental pathway between L1 and L2 word recognition for the readers of multi-script Japanese.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.14kod 06 10.1075/bpa.7.14kod 293 312 20 Chapter 17 01 04 Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language Chapter 14. Cross-linguistic interactions in L2 word meaning inference in English as a foreign language 1 A01 01 JB code 350331356 Keiko Koda Koda, Keiko Keiko Koda Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/350331356 2 A01 01 JB code 590331357 Ryan T. Miller Miller, Ryan T. Ryan T. Miller Kent State University, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/590331357 30 00

L2 reading entails a complex cross-linguistic interaction between L1 reading ability and L2 linguistic knowledge. As such, it is seen as a dynamic process of coalescing diverse resources, including cognitive skills, linguistic knowledge, and metalinguistic awareness, in two languages. In this chapter, we explain the nature of morphological awareness as an abstract, yet language-dependent, construct. We then analyze systematic variations in grapheme-morpheme relationships in typologically different languages. Based on the analysis, we propose specific predictions regarding the joint contributions of L1 reading and L2 resources to the development and utilization of L2 morphological awareness. We report a summary of a study addressing the relative contributions of L1 reading ability, L2 morphological awareness and L2 linguistic knowledge to L2 word meaning inference.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.15sat 06 10.1075/bpa.7.15sat 313 332 20 Chapter 18 01 04 Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts Chapter 15. Sociocultural implications of the Japanese multi-scripts 01 04 Translanguaging in translation Translanguaging in translation 1 A01 01 JB code 490331358 Eriko Sato Sato, Eriko Eriko Sato SUNY Stony Brook University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/490331358 30 00

This chapter analyzes the development of the Japanese writing system and the use of multiple types of scripts in translated texts in Japanese based on translanguaging. The sociolinguistic concept of translanguaging refers to the strategic use of linguistic repertoires across language boundaries by bilingual language users. In the case of translations of texts into Japanese, various scripts provide numerous communicative and expressive functions which allow users to adapt new concepts, creatively represent ideas, and critically convey their viewpoints. These abilities are often afforded by unconventional use of furigana, or small-sized kana that indicate the proper pronunciation of kanji characters. This study argues that translanguaging occurs not only in oral communications, but also through scripts, and is essential for languages to evolve by incorporating the surrounding sociocultural contexts.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.p3 06 10.1075/bpa.7.p3 336 458 123 Section header 19 01 04 Part 3. Korean Part 3. Korean 01 01 JB code bpa.7.16pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.16pae 335 352 18 Chapter 20 01 04 Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing Chapter 16. The Korean writing system, Hangul, and word processing 1 A01 01 JB code 522331359 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/522331359 30 00

This chapter reviews the development of the Korean script, Hangul, from its birth to linguistic and psycholinguistic implications for word reading. It first discusses the language family and the structure of the Korean oral language. Given that the emergence of the script is unlike most scripts or writing systems, it next overviews the invention background of Hangul. The script encompasses the characteristics of phonemic, syllabic, and alphasyllabic writing systems by means of the systematic union of consonants and vowels as well as the regular phoneme-grapheme correspondence. As these characteristics result in significant consequences in processing texts, the structure of Hangul is surveyed from linguistic aspects, while its orthography is reviewed from psycholinguistic aspects. The chapter ends with a call for moving from the accumulation of empirical evidence to the phase of building theoretical models.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.17pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.17pae 353 372 20 Chapter 21 01 04 Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format Chapter 17. Crosslinguistic influences of script format 01 04 L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers L1-derived syllabification in reading L2 English among native Korean readers 1 A01 01 JB code 776331360 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/776331360 2 A01 01 JB code 25331361 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/25331361 3 A01 01 JB code 636331362 Quintino R. Mano Mano, Quintino R. Quintino R. Mano University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/636331362 4 A01 01 JB code 896331363 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/896331363 30 00

This study investigated cross-linguistic influences of the Korean script’s syllabic format on L2 English word reading. A total of 103 college students participated in two naming experiments in Korea and the U.S. Experiment 1 used Korean graphemes presented in both block (i.e., Hangul printing convention) and left-to-right linear (i.e., English printing convention) formats. Results from Experiment 1 showed that Korean participants were significantly faster in reading Korean graphemes presented in the block format than in the linear format. Experiment 2 utilized English words that appeared to participants as having random spaces but in fact the spaces corresponded to Korean syllabic boundaries (e.g., un der s tan d, 언더스탠드). Results from Experiment 2 revealed that native Korean readers did not show a significant interference effect in reading L2 words that were derived from L1 syllabic boundaries. Findings are interpreted within the context of the Syllabic Autonomy Saliency Hypothesis for Hangul.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.18bae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.18bae 373 390 18 Chapter 22 01 04 Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean Chapter 18. Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean 01 04 Both body and rime units are important in Korean Both body and rime units are important in Korean 1 A01 01 JB code 736331364 Sungbong Bae Bae, Sungbong Sungbong Bae Yeungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/736331364 2 A01 01 JB code 967331365 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/967331365 3 A01 01 JB code 236331366 Kwangoh Yi Yi, Kwangoh Kwangoh Yi Yeungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/236331366 30 00

There have been conflicting results in the literature regarding the dominant linguistic unit (body-coda units vs. onset-rime units) in reading Korean Hangul. In an attempt to resolve the contradictory views between the phonotactic constraint (support for body-coda) and the universal rime bias (support for onset-rime) in reading, this chapter examines subunit priming effects on rapid word recognition among native Korean readers. Thirty five university students participated in a lexical decision task using Korean words and nonwords as targets. Primes included related and unrelated bodies, rimes, and consonants of disyllabic targets. Results of a linear mixed model showed that both body and rime units played significant roles in response time. Rime primes also affected accuracy of rapid lexical decision. Unlike previous research that showed body primacy, the results indicated that both body and rime units are important in reading Korean.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.19cho 06 10.1075/bpa.7.19cho 391 410 20 Chapter 23 01 04 Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children Chapter 19. Cognitive-linguistic skills and reading and writing in Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and English among Korean children 1 A01 01 JB code 240331367 Jeung-Ryeul Cho Cho, Jeung-Ryeul Jeung-Ryeul Cho Kyungnam University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/240331367 30 00

This study examined the contribution of orthographic awareness (OA), rapid automatized naming of numbers (RAN), phonological awareness (PA), morphological awareness (MA) in L1 Korean to word reading and writing in L1 Korean Hangul, Chinese Hanja, and L2 English among 98 Korean 5th graders. Korean language and orthography have relatively transparent phonological and morphological structures. Korean children learn Hangul in kindergarten, Hanja in elementary school as an elective subject, and English in Grade 3 as an L2. Results showed that Korean OA accounted for significant variance of Hangul reading; and Korean PA explained English reading and writing and Hangul writing; Korean MA explained writing in Hangul, Hanja, and English; RAN explained English reading only. These results suggest that MA is the meta-linguistic skill that transfers across alphabetic and non-alphabetic languages, whereas PA transfers across alphabetic languages. However, orthographic awareness is language-specific.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.20kim 06 10.1075/bpa.7.20kim 411 426 16 Chapter 24 01 04 Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading Chapter 20. Neural mechanisms of reading in Korean L1 and related L2 reading 1 A01 01 JB code 80331368 Say Young Kim Kim, Say Young Say Young Kim Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/80331368 2 A01 01 JB code 480331369 Min Wang Wang, Min Min Wang University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/480331369 30 00

Korean has a unique status compared to other alphabetic orthographies in terms of its phonology-orthography mapping and visual-orthographic configuration. In this chapter we reviewed recent literature on the neural bases of reading in Korean L1 to understand whether and how the characteristics of Korean orthography are reflected in the brain network. We then reviewed recent neuroimaging literature concerning the L1 effect on L2 reading with Korean L1. Evidence suggests that when reading English L2, native Korean readers engage the brain network similar to the Korean L1 network (i.e., assimilation). In contrast, when reading Chinese L2, the brain network involved is significantly different from the Korean L1 network (i.e., accommodation). The L2 brain network seems to be shaped by L1 experience. The chapter concluded with a discussion of future research directions.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.21pae 06 10.1075/bpa.7.21pae 427 446 20 Chapter 25 01 04 Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? Chapter 21. Constituent processing or gestalt processing? 01 04 How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English How native Korean speakers read mutilated words in English 1 A01 01 JB code 182331370 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/182331370 2 A01 01 JB code 428331371 Sun-A Kim Kim, Sun-A Sun-A Kim The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/428331371 3 A01 01 JB code 977331372 Xiao (Peter) Luo Luo, Xiao (Peter) Xiao (Peter) Luo University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/977331372 30 00

This study examined how native speakers of Korean extracted letter-feature information from mutilated texts (i.e., top-half and bottom-half), compared to native speakers of Chinese and English. Hypothesized were (1) the upper-part saliency and (2) L1 script effects on L2 reading. A computer-based naming test was administered. Results showed eminent upper-part effects possibly due to more ascenders being at the top than descenders at the bottom of the English letters, but the magnitude of the effects was different among the three groups. Overall, the Korean group seemed to rely more on letter-constituent information drawn from letter features, while the Chinese participants are likely to rely on gestalt information of the word. The results were interpreted with L1 script effects and typology relatedness.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.22bac 06 10.1075/bpa.7.22bac 447 458 12 Chapter 26 01 04 Chapter 22. Looking ahead Chapter 22. Looking ahead 01 04 Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications 1 A01 01 JB code 360331373 Han Suk Bae Bae, Han Suk Han Suk Bae Dong-A University, South Korea 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/360331373 2 A01 01 JB code 594331374 R. Malatesha Joshi Joshi, R. Malatesha R. Malatesha Joshi Texas A&M University, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594331374 3 A01 01 JB code 843331375 Hye K. Pae Pae, Hye K. Hye K. Pae University of Cincinnati, U.S.A. 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/843331375 30 00

This closing chapter briefly summarizes research findings on the processes of word reading in three East-Asian orthographies (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) and calls for theoretical and practical attention related to word reading among speakers of these unique languages. Based on the analyses of and reflections on studies of the three orthographies, we first summarize what we know about word reading with respect to reading universals, reading particulars, and cross-language transfer. We then articulate theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical considerations to advance to the next phase of reading sciences in these three orthographies.

01 01 JB code bpa.7.index 06 10.1075/bpa.7.index 459 466 8 Miscellaneous 27 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/bpa.7 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20180710 C 2018 John Benjamins D 2018 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027200730 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027264053 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD