2027433 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BTL 157 Eb 15 9789027259721 06 10.1075/btl.157 13 2021019361 DG 002 02 01 BTL 02 0929-7316 Benjamins Translation Library 157 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Translating Asymmetry – Rewriting Power</TitleText> 01 btl.157 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.157 1 B01 Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Carbonell i Cortés, Ovidi Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Universidad de Salamanca 2 B01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 01 eng 405 xiii 391 LAN023000 v.2006 CFP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.INTERP Interpreting 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.TRANSL Translation Studies 06 01 The relevance of translation has never been greater. The challenges of the 21st century are truly glocal and societies are required to manage diversities like never before. Cultural and linguistic diversities cut across ideological systems, those carefully crafted to uphold prevailing hierarchies of power, making asymmetries inescapable. Translation and interpreting studies have left behind neutrality and have put forward challenging new approaches that provide a starting point for researching translation as a cultural and historical product in a global and asymmetrical world. This book addresses issues arising from the power vested in and arrogated by translation and interpreting either as instruments of change, or as tools to sustain dominant structures. It presents new perspectives and cutting-edge research findings on how asymmetries are fashioned, woven, upheld, experienced, confronted, resisted, and rewritten through and in translation. This volume is useful for scholars looking for tools to raise awareness as to the challenges posed by the pervasiveness of power relations in mediated communication. It will further help practitioners understand how asymmetries shape their experiences when translating and interpreting. 05 By exploring asymmetry, power, and translation with innovative methodologies against the backdrop of globalization, the progress of digital technologies, and institutional politics, this book presents significant contributions and academic value that attract students and scholars in translation studies, cultural studies, and migration studies, as well as translation and interpreting practitioners. Yu Jinquan, Sun Yat-sen University, in Babel 69:1 (2023). 05 This volume is, overall, a very inspirational and motivational piece of research and reflection for the discipline’s future orientations. Its conceptual sophistication prevents it from being considered a mere textbook of translation. It is much more than that. Its revolutionary vision is, nevertheless, ideal for both junior and experienced practitioners and researchers in TI and Applied Linguistics who might be ready to see the discipline under a new, fascinating light. María Ángeles Orts, Universidad de Murcia, in RESLA (Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics), 36:2 (2023). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.157.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209146.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209146.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.157.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.157.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.157.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.157.hb.png 10 01 JB code btl.157.loc ix xiii 5 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.int 1 12 12 Introduction 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Translation and interpreting mediating asymmetries</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Carbonell i Cortés, Ovidi Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Universidad de Salamanca 2 A01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 10 01 JB code btl.157.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section I. Revisiting the foundations of asymmetry</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.01bie 15 34 20 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 1. Translating strangers</TitleText> 1 A01 Esperança Bielsa Bielsa, Esperança Esperança Bielsa Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 20 Cesar Millan 20 cosmopolitan stranger 20 cosmopolitanism 20 distance 20 otherness 20 strangeness 20 Tania Head 01 It has been argued that traditional notions of the stranger, as put forward in classical accounts by Simmel, Schütz and others, need to be re-examined in the light of widespread social developments that challenge the divisions between the self and the other that were once taken for granted. This chapter addresses the significance of the cosmopolitan stranger, whose skills are especially important under conditions of generalised societal strangeness. A consideration of the interrelated notions of distance and strangeness in the social experience of the stranger is offered and the specific features of the cosmopolitan stranger examined. After that, the cases of two cosmopolitan strangers (“dog whisperer” Cesar Millan and 9/11 impostor survivor Tania Head) who have played a prominent social role in societies that were not initially their own are discussed. A concluding section returns to the notions of distance and strangeness in order to generalise from these particular cases by relating them to different strategies for translating the foreign. 10 01 JB code btl.157.02sal 35 54 20 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 2. Negotiating asymmetry</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The language of animal rights and animal welfare</Subtitle> 1 A01 Myriam Salama-Carr Salama-Carr, Myriam Myriam Salama-Carr University of Manchester 20 animal rights 20 animal welfare 20 asymmetry 20 translation 01 Growing public concern about animal welfare, notably in the context of widespread industry-led exploitation of animals and abusive breeding and slaughtering practices, is increasingly politicised and the shift of focus from the concept of animal welfare to that of animal rights, from compassion to ethics, is framed in an increasingly vocal political discourse. Described as “the fastest social movement” (Gaarder 2011), animal activism has achieved a global dimension where translation plays a significant albeit under-researched role in constructing and disseminating a discourse of animal welfare and contributing to “the social construction of animals” (Stibbe 2001). Drawing on Schicktanz’s (2006) discussion of asymmetry and ambivalence in the context of the human-animal relationship, the paper will explore how, with a backdrop of greater convergence between philosophical and scientific perspectives, concepts such as sentience, welfare and rights are evolving with reference to non-human animals. Examples will be drawn from European and international institutions’ material and from activist organisations. 10 01 JB code btl.157.03she 55 76 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 3. Helpers, professional authority, and pathologized bodies</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Ableism in interpretation and translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Naomi Sheneman Sheneman, Naomi Naomi Sheneman Manualists LLC 2 A01 Octavian E. Robinson Robinson, Octavian E. Octavian E. Robinson Gallaudet University 20 ableism 20 cripping 20 disability justice 20 interpretation 20 professionalization 20 toxic benevolence 01 In this paper, we examine how ableism, undergirded by interlocking systems of oppression mediated by our social locations, exists in this profession with interpreters and translators acting as professional authorities-cum-helpers for pathologized bodyminds. The intersections of the nature of interpretation, professional authority, and inherent powers of influence granted to nondisabled people result in violence masked by a veneer of benevolence (Kent 2007; Mole 2018; Robinson, Sheneman, and Henner 2020). In this chapter, we highlight how Chapman and Withers’ (2019) concept of toxic benevolence in social work can be applied to interpretation. We explore and suggest <i>cripping</i> as a means of mediating power relations in interpretation work through a critical disability framework. 10 01 JB code btl.157.04han 77 99 23 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 4. An information asymmetry framework for strategic translation policy in multinational corporations</TitleText> 1 A01 Thomas A. Hanson Hanson, Thomas A. Thomas A. Hanson Butler University 2 A01 Christopher D. Mellinger Mellinger, Christopher D. Christopher D. Mellinger University of North Carolina at Charlotte 20 information asymmetry 20 international business 20 knowledge management 20 strategic translation policy 01 The size and scope of multinational corporations in the globalized and interconnected modern economy has increased the need for language services to facilitate a broad range of cross-language communication. Much of the prior research on language in international business has emphasized a metaphorical language barrier and the concept of equivalence in translation, while failing to recognize the strategic importance of translation and interpreting. By contrast, this chapter emphasizes the role of language service professionals in achieving corporate communication goals. A framework is offered that links a firm’s response to information asymmetry (to mitigate or maintain) and whether the communication is internal to the firm or with an external party. This two-dimensional approach implies four types of communication goals, and we offer examples of how firms might achieve these goals. The framework recognizes the value of translation and interpreting in adopting strategic translation policies for operating in a multilingual environment. 10 01 JB code btl.157.05mar 101 121 21 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Tom, Dick and Harry as well as Fido and Puss in boots are translators</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The implications of biosemiotics for translation studies</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kobus Marais Marais, Kobus Kobus Marais University of the Free State 20 anthropocentric bias 20 biosemiotics 20 linguicentrism 20 non-professional translation and interpreting (NPTI) 01 As a field, translation studies arose from the practice of interlingual, mostly written translation. Though not an invalid point of departure, this assumption, which had not really been investigated critically despite lip service to Jakobson’s categories of intralinguistic, interlinguistic and intersemiotic translation, has meant that translation studies has limited its field of interest to, mainly, written, literary, professional translation as instantiated by Western practices. This linguistic bias has an anthropocentric bias as its logical implication. The limited conceptualization of translation has become untenable for a number of reasons, not least of which is the growth in multimodal communication made possible by information-technology developments as well as the growth in posthumanist thinking. Lastly, semiotic conceptualizations of translation clearly pose theoretical challenges to a translation studies that is conceptualized on the basis of interlinguistic translation only or that is based on a linguicentric and thus anthropocentric bias. <br />This chapter investigates the Peircean definition of meaning as “the translation of a sign into another system of signs” (Peirce 1931–1966: 4.127), in particular the ways in which this kind of thinking has evolved in the modern field of biosemiotics. If all meaning creation is, per definition, translation, it means that every living organism is a translator. It further means that one needs to consider translational actions by animals and plants at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The chapter addresses the asymmetry both in the relationships between human and non-human animals and in the attention that translation studies pays to this power dynamic. 10 01 JB code btl.157.p2 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section II. Unveiling the structure</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.06gus 125 144 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 6. Child language brokering in Swedish welfare institutions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A matter of structural complicity?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kristina Gustafsson Gustafsson, Kristina Kristina Gustafsson Department of Social Work, 20 child language brokering 20 health and medical care 20 interpreting 20 public service 20 public service professionals 20 social services 20 social work 20 structural complicity 20 structural discrimination 20 Swedish welfare institutions 01 This chapter investigates the asymmetries associated to child language brokering in Swedish welfare institutions. Group interviews with (a) people who have experiences of language brokering as children and (b) public service professionals who have used children as brokers in encounters with non-Swedish speaking service users are analyzed. Results show that both groups consider that resorting to child language brokering is wrong but at the same time they reproduce this social practice and see benefits in it. This ambiguity leads interviewees to lay responsibility on several levels: the parents who place unreasonable demands on their children; the public service professionals who allow children to take on responsibility in precarious situations, and society at large that may be accomplice to structural discrimination of non-Swedish speaking service users. The responsibilities identified by interviewees in their narratives are critically discussed in relation to the concept of “structural complicity” showing how power relations and social structures create situations where individuals act with complicity even when they do something that they consider to be a good solution for an imperative problem and for which they do not see any alternatives. 10 01 JB code btl.157.07ris 145 168 24 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 7. Responsibility, powerlessness, and conflict</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An ethnographic case study of boundary management in translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Hanna Risku Risku, Hanna Hanna Risku University of Vienna 2 A01 Jelena Milosevic Milosevic, Jelena Jelena Milosevic University of Vienna 3 A01 Regina Rogl Rogl, Regina Regina Rogl University of Vienna 20 boundary management 20 boundary spanner 20 conflict 20 field research 20 translation network 20 translation project management 01 A growing body of research shows the existence of tensions, frictions, and conflicts in translation production networks, pointing to the key role therein of agency, trust, communication, and technology. However, there are few empirical investigations that include the different actors in one and the same network and analyse the perspectives and practices of both clients and vendors. This paper draws on an ethnographic field study in which participant observation and qualitative interviews were used to study translation clients in a major international corporation as well as a translation agency with which they collaborate. The research looks at conflicts in their areas of contact, how these are handled and their consequences. The analysis yields rich, emotional narratives on how the different actors perceive each other and deal with power asymmetries. It reveals conflicting and ambiguous expectations regarding mutual responsibilities that lead to mistrust, power plays, fear, and frustration. 10 01 JB code btl.157.08fol 169 196 28 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. Of places, spaces, and faces</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Asymmetrical power flows in contemporary economies of translation and technologies</Subtitle> 1 A01 Deborah A. Folaron Folaron, Deborah A. Deborah A. Folaron Concordia University 20 Canada 20 digital economies 20 indigenous peoples 20 inuit peoples 20 network society 20 technologies 20 translation 01 The contemporary translation economy of our globalizing digital world is deeply intertwined with information and communication technologies and the Internet, with the once separate sphere of machine translation lately converging more tangibly and impactfully with translation and interpreting practices as we have traditionally understood them. The decisions on what to translate, and by whom, why, where, and when, have always been conditioned by ideology, politics, economies, and the diverse power structures and dynamics at play in society. The Internet has brought with it the growth of a “parallel” world of human social and cultural practices in digital form, one where the display and dissemination of knowledge are intimately linked to the presence, visibility, and representation on the Web of one’s language and culture, both through native language use in communication and through practices of translation and localization. Analogous to material and physical territorial geographic spaces, virtual spaces reflect tensions and asymmetries of power. In this chapter we discuss these linguistic and translational relationships of asymmetry through the prism of digital world technologies and economies, and their implications for lesser-used and low- or no-resourced language groups. This discussion is followed by examples from two contexts: firstly, the broader Indigenous territorial context of First Nations peoples in Canada; and secondly, the Arctic Indigenous cross-territorial circumpolar groups of Inuit peoples in Canada. 10 01 JB code btl.157.09mon 197 225 29 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 9. Translating values</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Policymakers interpreting interpretation in the 2018 Aquarius refugee ship crisis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 20 non-professional translation and interpreting 20 policymakers 20 refugee protection 20 translation and interpreting policies 20 translation beliefs 20 volunteer interpreting 01 In June 2018, the Aquarius, a search and rescue vessel operating in the Mediterranean Sea, rescued 630 migrants at sea and asked to dock at the nearest port. First Italy and then Malta refused and the dramatic situation of those on board made the news and highlighted the increasingly restrictive nature of European migration policies. Progressive parties in the Valencian regional and Spanish central governments provided the conditions to offer a safe berth and to implement the regional government’s plan to assist refugees in a crisis situation. This chapter will offer an overview of the plan, focusing on its linguistic component, and analyze how translation and interpreting were approached by the policymakers responsible for its inception and development. A distance between the values protected by translation and interpreting professional codes of practice and those that policymakers desire to advance in crisis situations will be evinced as revolving around the role of translation and interpreting in mediating asymmetries. 10 01 JB code btl.157.10bie 227 252 26 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 10. EU institutional websites</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Targeting citizens, building asymmetries</Subtitle> 1 A01 Łucja Biel Biel, Łucja Łucja Biel University of Warsaw 20 digital Eurolect 20 distance 20 institutional netspeak 20 institutional translation 20 institution-to-citizen communication 20 Polish Eurolect 20 power 20 translator's agency 20 website localisation 01 This chapter uses corpus methods to explore how distance and power asymmetries are mediated by EU institutions in their website netspeak – the digital Eurolect – and subsequently reflected in Polish translations against the background of Polish domestic institutions’ websites. At the policy level, the selective translation of EU content into only procedural languages builds asymmetries between official languages. The study analysed two dimensions of translations: (1) grade of specialisation (EU terminology, <i>EUese</i>), and (2) engagement strategies positioning institutions and citizens in a discourse. EU and domestic websites show preferences for different types of engagement strategies, with the former oriented at downplaying power but maintaining a respectful distance while the latter decreasing distance through directness, personalisation, and informalisation. 10 01 JB code btl.157.p3 Section header 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section III. Resisting asymmetries</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.11ban 255 268 14 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 11. Translation, multilingualism and power differential in contemporary African literature</TitleText> 1 A01 Paul Bandia Bandia, Paul Paul Bandia Concordia University 20 African literature 20 multilingualism 20 power 20 translation 01 Contemporary African literature is, by its very nature, a fertile ground for elucidating the rather symbiotic relation between translation and power differential, given the inherent multilingualism and the implied language hierarchy characteristic of the African postcolonial context. Asymmetry here begins with the unequal power relations between orality and literacy, between oral tradition and writing, between indigenous languages and the languages of colonization. This power differential is enhanced further by the ever-increasing gap between languages of officialdom and the evolving and rapidly assertive languages of creolization. To the extent that African literature is a window into life in contemporary African society, the aesthetic representation of Africanity in writing as well as in colonial or global languages involves translating asymmetry and negotiating, redressing or rewriting power inequalities. This underlying characteristic of African literature dovetails with literary practices in the diaspora whereby migration and identitarian politics draw heavily from the notion of translation as a mechanism for expressing discourses of resistance to oppression and asymmetrical power relations. This chapter seeks to lay bare the underpinnings of power differentials in contemporary African literature and to highlight the role of translation in resisting asymmetry and rewriting power. 10 01 JB code btl.157.12man 269 289 21 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 12. Small yet powerful</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The rise of small independent presses and translated fiction in the UK</Subtitle> 1 A01 Richard Mansell Mansell, Richard Richard Mansell University of Exeter 20 Booker Prize 20 cultural capital 20 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize 20 independent publishers 20 literary prizes 20 translated fiction 20 translator studies 01 At the turn of the century many feared that the UK publishing scene was soon to be dominated by an ever-more consolidated number of conglomerates, pushing what was already a risk-averse industry even further away from bold endeavours such as translated literary fiction. Yet this has not materialised, and in the UK translated fiction has seen remarkable growth. Using data from prestigious literary prizes, this chapter analyses the shift in power away from the “big five” publishers and their imprints to small, independent publishers. It also analyses the consequences of this shift for the actions of those involved in the chain of production and consumption, including what this means not only for the profile of books that are translated and published, but also how translators approach their task. 10 01 JB code btl.157.13god 291 311 21 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 13. Against the asymmetry of the post-Francoist canon</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Feminist publishers and translations in Barcelona</Subtitle> 1 A01 Pilar Godayol Godayol, Pilar Pilar Godayol Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya 20 feminism and translation 20 feminist historiography of translation 20 feminist publishing houses 20 history of feminist publishing 20 history of translation 20 history of women 01 The emergence of women’s social and cultural movements in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco led to the appearance of remarkable feminist publication series and publishing houses in a search for foreign ideological mothers. In Barcelona, three such feminist projects were founded in 1977: Colección Feminismo (1977–1979), of Ediciones de Feminismo, La Educación Sentimental (1977–1984), of Anagrama, and the hybrid and multipurpose cultural and political café-bar LaSal, the embryo of LaSal, Edicions de les Dones (1978–1990), the first feminist press in Spain. In this chapter three feminist imprints of the Transition period will be presented. All of them fought to combat the chronic lack of ideological mothers that the Francoist regime had imposed. Aimed at restoring the historical memory of women and creating an identity debate, the importation of foreign feminist literature was crucial for the social transformations of the time. Translation became one of the elements of social change, a political act in trying to achieve canonical equality. 10 01 JB code btl.157.14flo 313 333 21 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 14. Citizens as agents of translation versions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The polyphonic translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Georgios Floros Floros, Georgios Georgios Floros University of Cyprus 20 agency 20 citizenship 20 memory 20 polyphonic (translation) 20 power 20 translation politics 01 The prospects of a solution to the Cyprus issue have led to a revived interest in the fate of Famagusta, which, after more than 40 years of abandonment due to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, has turned into a ghost city and a strong symbol both of the island’s division and the prospect of reunification. Hands-on-Famagusta, an architectural project (2015a) by a bi-communal team (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) aiming to explore prospects of reunifying the city, also becomes important through its trilingual website (English-Greek-Turkish). More specifically, the involvement of various translation agents co-shaped the translation product and led to the creation of what will be termed a polyphonic translation (following Bakhtin 1986), as this trilingual output allowed not merely for a simple coexistence of conflicting discourses, but for a quasi-interaction, aiming at highlighting them as constituting elements of a potential cohabitation of Famagusta. All parties involved negotiated their memory and bypassed officially established language and translation policies and challenged dominant discourses of both sides. Their action prompts new ways of thinking about translation politics in terms of (a) citizens emerging as active agents of translation because, through or despite their memories and in contrast to official power centers, and (b) the reevaluation of “accuracy” and “sameness” in particularly polyphonic translation situations, where opposing discourses converge to necessary “amnesia.” 10 01 JB code btl.157.15mar 335 360 26 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 15. (Re)locating translation within asymmetrical power dynamics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Translation as an instrument of resistant conviviality</Subtitle> 1 A01 M. Rosario Martín Ruano Martín Ruano, M. Rosario M. Rosario Martín Ruano GIR TRADIC, University of Salamanca 20 asymmetry 20 conviviality 20 dialogue 20 digital age 20 globalisation 20 politics 20 power 20 translation 20 translation policy 01 This article proposes a critical approach to any instance of translation which (1) contributes to the (re)thinking of translation beyond the idea of bridge-building; (2) is based on a conceptualisation of culture(s) and identity(ies) in terms of translation and in inevitably political terms; and (3) may be useful for exploring alternative, resistant translation policies and practices inspired by an ideal of social conviviality. It will be argued that this is especially necessary in our superdiverse societies and in the contemporary era, where the potentialities of translation, both as a metaphor and as a practice, for social cohesion can be rethought and exploited. Translation perceived and practised as a dialogic and empowering tool will be posited as a powerful antidote to the perverse effects of the model of globalisation which is accepted as dominant in the current digital paradigm. 10 01 JB code btl.157.16ben 361 377 17 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 16. Agency and social responsibility in the translation of the migration crisis</TitleText> 1 A01 Karen Bennett Bennett, Karen Karen Bennett Universidade Nova de Lisboa/CETAPS 20 legal translation 20 migration 20 news translation 20 social responsibility 20 translator agency 20 translator ethics 01 This paper looks at translator agency and ethics in the light of the current migration crisis, focusing on two concrete situations, one from the legal sphere and one from news translation-reportage. The first discusses how irresponsible choices in the translation of legal documents can proliferate in the online environment, generating a kind of “lexicoprudence” (Guia 2016) that produces alarming consequences in the real world. The second looks at the reportage in the British press of speeches by foreign politicians concerning the problem of unaccompanied “child migrants” in the wake of the dismantling of the Calais “Jungle.” Both will be discussed in the light of recent debates about translation agency and ethics. 10 01 JB code btl.157.ind 379 391 13 Miscellaneous 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210816 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027209146 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 701027432 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BTL 157 Hb 15 9789027209146 13 2021019360 BB 01 BTL 02 0929-7316 Benjamins Translation Library 157 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Translating Asymmetry – Rewriting Power</TitleText> 01 btl.157 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.157 1 B01 Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Carbonell i Cortés, Ovidi Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Universidad de Salamanca 2 B01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 01 eng 405 xiii 391 LAN023000 v.2006 CFP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.INTERP Interpreting 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.TRANSL Translation Studies 06 01 The relevance of translation has never been greater. The challenges of the 21st century are truly glocal and societies are required to manage diversities like never before. Cultural and linguistic diversities cut across ideological systems, those carefully crafted to uphold prevailing hierarchies of power, making asymmetries inescapable. Translation and interpreting studies have left behind neutrality and have put forward challenging new approaches that provide a starting point for researching translation as a cultural and historical product in a global and asymmetrical world. This book addresses issues arising from the power vested in and arrogated by translation and interpreting either as instruments of change, or as tools to sustain dominant structures. It presents new perspectives and cutting-edge research findings on how asymmetries are fashioned, woven, upheld, experienced, confronted, resisted, and rewritten through and in translation. This volume is useful for scholars looking for tools to raise awareness as to the challenges posed by the pervasiveness of power relations in mediated communication. It will further help practitioners understand how asymmetries shape their experiences when translating and interpreting. 05 By exploring asymmetry, power, and translation with innovative methodologies against the backdrop of globalization, the progress of digital technologies, and institutional politics, this book presents significant contributions and academic value that attract students and scholars in translation studies, cultural studies, and migration studies, as well as translation and interpreting practitioners. Yu Jinquan, Sun Yat-sen University, in Babel 69:1 (2023). 05 This volume is, overall, a very inspirational and motivational piece of research and reflection for the discipline’s future orientations. Its conceptual sophistication prevents it from being considered a mere textbook of translation. It is much more than that. Its revolutionary vision is, nevertheless, ideal for both junior and experienced practitioners and researchers in TI and Applied Linguistics who might be ready to see the discipline under a new, fascinating light. María Ángeles Orts, Universidad de Murcia, in RESLA (Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics), 36:2 (2023). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.157.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209146.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209146.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.157.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.157.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.157.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.157.hb.png 10 01 JB code btl.157.loc ix xiii 5 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.int 1 12 12 Introduction 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Translation and interpreting mediating asymmetries</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Carbonell i Cortés, Ovidi Ovidi Carbonell i Cortés Universidad de Salamanca 2 A01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 10 01 JB code btl.157.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section I. Revisiting the foundations of asymmetry</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.01bie 15 34 20 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 1. Translating strangers</TitleText> 1 A01 Esperança Bielsa Bielsa, Esperança Esperança Bielsa Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 20 Cesar Millan 20 cosmopolitan stranger 20 cosmopolitanism 20 distance 20 otherness 20 strangeness 20 Tania Head 01 It has been argued that traditional notions of the stranger, as put forward in classical accounts by Simmel, Schütz and others, need to be re-examined in the light of widespread social developments that challenge the divisions between the self and the other that were once taken for granted. This chapter addresses the significance of the cosmopolitan stranger, whose skills are especially important under conditions of generalised societal strangeness. A consideration of the interrelated notions of distance and strangeness in the social experience of the stranger is offered and the specific features of the cosmopolitan stranger examined. After that, the cases of two cosmopolitan strangers (“dog whisperer” Cesar Millan and 9/11 impostor survivor Tania Head) who have played a prominent social role in societies that were not initially their own are discussed. A concluding section returns to the notions of distance and strangeness in order to generalise from these particular cases by relating them to different strategies for translating the foreign. 10 01 JB code btl.157.02sal 35 54 20 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 2. Negotiating asymmetry</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The language of animal rights and animal welfare</Subtitle> 1 A01 Myriam Salama-Carr Salama-Carr, Myriam Myriam Salama-Carr University of Manchester 20 animal rights 20 animal welfare 20 asymmetry 20 translation 01 Growing public concern about animal welfare, notably in the context of widespread industry-led exploitation of animals and abusive breeding and slaughtering practices, is increasingly politicised and the shift of focus from the concept of animal welfare to that of animal rights, from compassion to ethics, is framed in an increasingly vocal political discourse. Described as “the fastest social movement” (Gaarder 2011), animal activism has achieved a global dimension where translation plays a significant albeit under-researched role in constructing and disseminating a discourse of animal welfare and contributing to “the social construction of animals” (Stibbe 2001). Drawing on Schicktanz’s (2006) discussion of asymmetry and ambivalence in the context of the human-animal relationship, the paper will explore how, with a backdrop of greater convergence between philosophical and scientific perspectives, concepts such as sentience, welfare and rights are evolving with reference to non-human animals. Examples will be drawn from European and international institutions’ material and from activist organisations. 10 01 JB code btl.157.03she 55 76 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 3. Helpers, professional authority, and pathologized bodies</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Ableism in interpretation and translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Naomi Sheneman Sheneman, Naomi Naomi Sheneman Manualists LLC 2 A01 Octavian E. Robinson Robinson, Octavian E. Octavian E. Robinson Gallaudet University 20 ableism 20 cripping 20 disability justice 20 interpretation 20 professionalization 20 toxic benevolence 01 In this paper, we examine how ableism, undergirded by interlocking systems of oppression mediated by our social locations, exists in this profession with interpreters and translators acting as professional authorities-cum-helpers for pathologized bodyminds. The intersections of the nature of interpretation, professional authority, and inherent powers of influence granted to nondisabled people result in violence masked by a veneer of benevolence (Kent 2007; Mole 2018; Robinson, Sheneman, and Henner 2020). In this chapter, we highlight how Chapman and Withers’ (2019) concept of toxic benevolence in social work can be applied to interpretation. We explore and suggest <i>cripping</i> as a means of mediating power relations in interpretation work through a critical disability framework. 10 01 JB code btl.157.04han 77 99 23 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 4. An information asymmetry framework for strategic translation policy in multinational corporations</TitleText> 1 A01 Thomas A. Hanson Hanson, Thomas A. Thomas A. Hanson Butler University 2 A01 Christopher D. Mellinger Mellinger, Christopher D. Christopher D. Mellinger University of North Carolina at Charlotte 20 information asymmetry 20 international business 20 knowledge management 20 strategic translation policy 01 The size and scope of multinational corporations in the globalized and interconnected modern economy has increased the need for language services to facilitate a broad range of cross-language communication. Much of the prior research on language in international business has emphasized a metaphorical language barrier and the concept of equivalence in translation, while failing to recognize the strategic importance of translation and interpreting. By contrast, this chapter emphasizes the role of language service professionals in achieving corporate communication goals. A framework is offered that links a firm’s response to information asymmetry (to mitigate or maintain) and whether the communication is internal to the firm or with an external party. This two-dimensional approach implies four types of communication goals, and we offer examples of how firms might achieve these goals. The framework recognizes the value of translation and interpreting in adopting strategic translation policies for operating in a multilingual environment. 10 01 JB code btl.157.05mar 101 121 21 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Tom, Dick and Harry as well as Fido and Puss in boots are translators</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The implications of biosemiotics for translation studies</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kobus Marais Marais, Kobus Kobus Marais University of the Free State 20 anthropocentric bias 20 biosemiotics 20 linguicentrism 20 non-professional translation and interpreting (NPTI) 01 As a field, translation studies arose from the practice of interlingual, mostly written translation. Though not an invalid point of departure, this assumption, which had not really been investigated critically despite lip service to Jakobson’s categories of intralinguistic, interlinguistic and intersemiotic translation, has meant that translation studies has limited its field of interest to, mainly, written, literary, professional translation as instantiated by Western practices. This linguistic bias has an anthropocentric bias as its logical implication. The limited conceptualization of translation has become untenable for a number of reasons, not least of which is the growth in multimodal communication made possible by information-technology developments as well as the growth in posthumanist thinking. Lastly, semiotic conceptualizations of translation clearly pose theoretical challenges to a translation studies that is conceptualized on the basis of interlinguistic translation only or that is based on a linguicentric and thus anthropocentric bias. <br />This chapter investigates the Peircean definition of meaning as “the translation of a sign into another system of signs” (Peirce 1931–1966: 4.127), in particular the ways in which this kind of thinking has evolved in the modern field of biosemiotics. If all meaning creation is, per definition, translation, it means that every living organism is a translator. It further means that one needs to consider translational actions by animals and plants at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The chapter addresses the asymmetry both in the relationships between human and non-human animals and in the attention that translation studies pays to this power dynamic. 10 01 JB code btl.157.p2 Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section II. Unveiling the structure</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.06gus 125 144 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 6. Child language brokering in Swedish welfare institutions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A matter of structural complicity?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Kristina Gustafsson Gustafsson, Kristina Kristina Gustafsson Department of Social Work, 20 child language brokering 20 health and medical care 20 interpreting 20 public service 20 public service professionals 20 social services 20 social work 20 structural complicity 20 structural discrimination 20 Swedish welfare institutions 01 This chapter investigates the asymmetries associated to child language brokering in Swedish welfare institutions. Group interviews with (a) people who have experiences of language brokering as children and (b) public service professionals who have used children as brokers in encounters with non-Swedish speaking service users are analyzed. Results show that both groups consider that resorting to child language brokering is wrong but at the same time they reproduce this social practice and see benefits in it. This ambiguity leads interviewees to lay responsibility on several levels: the parents who place unreasonable demands on their children; the public service professionals who allow children to take on responsibility in precarious situations, and society at large that may be accomplice to structural discrimination of non-Swedish speaking service users. The responsibilities identified by interviewees in their narratives are critically discussed in relation to the concept of “structural complicity” showing how power relations and social structures create situations where individuals act with complicity even when they do something that they consider to be a good solution for an imperative problem and for which they do not see any alternatives. 10 01 JB code btl.157.07ris 145 168 24 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 7. Responsibility, powerlessness, and conflict</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An ethnographic case study of boundary management in translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Hanna Risku Risku, Hanna Hanna Risku University of Vienna 2 A01 Jelena Milosevic Milosevic, Jelena Jelena Milosevic University of Vienna 3 A01 Regina Rogl Rogl, Regina Regina Rogl University of Vienna 20 boundary management 20 boundary spanner 20 conflict 20 field research 20 translation network 20 translation project management 01 A growing body of research shows the existence of tensions, frictions, and conflicts in translation production networks, pointing to the key role therein of agency, trust, communication, and technology. However, there are few empirical investigations that include the different actors in one and the same network and analyse the perspectives and practices of both clients and vendors. This paper draws on an ethnographic field study in which participant observation and qualitative interviews were used to study translation clients in a major international corporation as well as a translation agency with which they collaborate. The research looks at conflicts in their areas of contact, how these are handled and their consequences. The analysis yields rich, emotional narratives on how the different actors perceive each other and deal with power asymmetries. It reveals conflicting and ambiguous expectations regarding mutual responsibilities that lead to mistrust, power plays, fear, and frustration. 10 01 JB code btl.157.08fol 169 196 28 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. Of places, spaces, and faces</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Asymmetrical power flows in contemporary economies of translation and technologies</Subtitle> 1 A01 Deborah A. Folaron Folaron, Deborah A. Deborah A. Folaron Concordia University 20 Canada 20 digital economies 20 indigenous peoples 20 inuit peoples 20 network society 20 technologies 20 translation 01 The contemporary translation economy of our globalizing digital world is deeply intertwined with information and communication technologies and the Internet, with the once separate sphere of machine translation lately converging more tangibly and impactfully with translation and interpreting practices as we have traditionally understood them. The decisions on what to translate, and by whom, why, where, and when, have always been conditioned by ideology, politics, economies, and the diverse power structures and dynamics at play in society. The Internet has brought with it the growth of a “parallel” world of human social and cultural practices in digital form, one where the display and dissemination of knowledge are intimately linked to the presence, visibility, and representation on the Web of one’s language and culture, both through native language use in communication and through practices of translation and localization. Analogous to material and physical territorial geographic spaces, virtual spaces reflect tensions and asymmetries of power. In this chapter we discuss these linguistic and translational relationships of asymmetry through the prism of digital world technologies and economies, and their implications for lesser-used and low- or no-resourced language groups. This discussion is followed by examples from two contexts: firstly, the broader Indigenous territorial context of First Nations peoples in Canada; and secondly, the Arctic Indigenous cross-territorial circumpolar groups of Inuit peoples in Canada. 10 01 JB code btl.157.09mon 197 225 29 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 9. Translating values</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Policymakers interpreting interpretation in the 2018 Aquarius refugee ship crisis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Esther Monzó-Nebot Monzó-Nebot, Esther Esther Monzó-Nebot Universitat Jaume I 20 non-professional translation and interpreting 20 policymakers 20 refugee protection 20 translation and interpreting policies 20 translation beliefs 20 volunteer interpreting 01 In June 2018, the Aquarius, a search and rescue vessel operating in the Mediterranean Sea, rescued 630 migrants at sea and asked to dock at the nearest port. First Italy and then Malta refused and the dramatic situation of those on board made the news and highlighted the increasingly restrictive nature of European migration policies. Progressive parties in the Valencian regional and Spanish central governments provided the conditions to offer a safe berth and to implement the regional government’s plan to assist refugees in a crisis situation. This chapter will offer an overview of the plan, focusing on its linguistic component, and analyze how translation and interpreting were approached by the policymakers responsible for its inception and development. A distance between the values protected by translation and interpreting professional codes of practice and those that policymakers desire to advance in crisis situations will be evinced as revolving around the role of translation and interpreting in mediating asymmetries. 10 01 JB code btl.157.10bie 227 252 26 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 10. EU institutional websites</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Targeting citizens, building asymmetries</Subtitle> 1 A01 Łucja Biel Biel, Łucja Łucja Biel University of Warsaw 20 digital Eurolect 20 distance 20 institutional netspeak 20 institutional translation 20 institution-to-citizen communication 20 Polish Eurolect 20 power 20 translator's agency 20 website localisation 01 This chapter uses corpus methods to explore how distance and power asymmetries are mediated by EU institutions in their website netspeak – the digital Eurolect – and subsequently reflected in Polish translations against the background of Polish domestic institutions’ websites. At the policy level, the selective translation of EU content into only procedural languages builds asymmetries between official languages. The study analysed two dimensions of translations: (1) grade of specialisation (EU terminology, <i>EUese</i>), and (2) engagement strategies positioning institutions and citizens in a discourse. EU and domestic websites show preferences for different types of engagement strategies, with the former oriented at downplaying power but maintaining a respectful distance while the latter decreasing distance through directness, personalisation, and informalisation. 10 01 JB code btl.157.p3 Section header 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Section III. Resisting asymmetries</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.157.11ban 255 268 14 Chapter 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 11. Translation, multilingualism and power differential in contemporary African literature</TitleText> 1 A01 Paul Bandia Bandia, Paul Paul Bandia Concordia University 20 African literature 20 multilingualism 20 power 20 translation 01 Contemporary African literature is, by its very nature, a fertile ground for elucidating the rather symbiotic relation between translation and power differential, given the inherent multilingualism and the implied language hierarchy characteristic of the African postcolonial context. Asymmetry here begins with the unequal power relations between orality and literacy, between oral tradition and writing, between indigenous languages and the languages of colonization. This power differential is enhanced further by the ever-increasing gap between languages of officialdom and the evolving and rapidly assertive languages of creolization. To the extent that African literature is a window into life in contemporary African society, the aesthetic representation of Africanity in writing as well as in colonial or global languages involves translating asymmetry and negotiating, redressing or rewriting power inequalities. This underlying characteristic of African literature dovetails with literary practices in the diaspora whereby migration and identitarian politics draw heavily from the notion of translation as a mechanism for expressing discourses of resistance to oppression and asymmetrical power relations. This chapter seeks to lay bare the underpinnings of power differentials in contemporary African literature and to highlight the role of translation in resisting asymmetry and rewriting power. 10 01 JB code btl.157.12man 269 289 21 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 12. Small yet powerful</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The rise of small independent presses and translated fiction in the UK</Subtitle> 1 A01 Richard Mansell Mansell, Richard Richard Mansell University of Exeter 20 Booker Prize 20 cultural capital 20 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize 20 independent publishers 20 literary prizes 20 translated fiction 20 translator studies 01 At the turn of the century many feared that the UK publishing scene was soon to be dominated by an ever-more consolidated number of conglomerates, pushing what was already a risk-averse industry even further away from bold endeavours such as translated literary fiction. Yet this has not materialised, and in the UK translated fiction has seen remarkable growth. Using data from prestigious literary prizes, this chapter analyses the shift in power away from the “big five” publishers and their imprints to small, independent publishers. It also analyses the consequences of this shift for the actions of those involved in the chain of production and consumption, including what this means not only for the profile of books that are translated and published, but also how translators approach their task. 10 01 JB code btl.157.13god 291 311 21 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 13. Against the asymmetry of the post-Francoist canon</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Feminist publishers and translations in Barcelona</Subtitle> 1 A01 Pilar Godayol Godayol, Pilar Pilar Godayol Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya 20 feminism and translation 20 feminist historiography of translation 20 feminist publishing houses 20 history of feminist publishing 20 history of translation 20 history of women 01 The emergence of women’s social and cultural movements in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco led to the appearance of remarkable feminist publication series and publishing houses in a search for foreign ideological mothers. In Barcelona, three such feminist projects were founded in 1977: Colección Feminismo (1977–1979), of Ediciones de Feminismo, La Educación Sentimental (1977–1984), of Anagrama, and the hybrid and multipurpose cultural and political café-bar LaSal, the embryo of LaSal, Edicions de les Dones (1978–1990), the first feminist press in Spain. In this chapter three feminist imprints of the Transition period will be presented. All of them fought to combat the chronic lack of ideological mothers that the Francoist regime had imposed. Aimed at restoring the historical memory of women and creating an identity debate, the importation of foreign feminist literature was crucial for the social transformations of the time. Translation became one of the elements of social change, a political act in trying to achieve canonical equality. 10 01 JB code btl.157.14flo 313 333 21 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 14. Citizens as agents of translation versions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The polyphonic translation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Georgios Floros Floros, Georgios Georgios Floros University of Cyprus 20 agency 20 citizenship 20 memory 20 polyphonic (translation) 20 power 20 translation politics 01 The prospects of a solution to the Cyprus issue have led to a revived interest in the fate of Famagusta, which, after more than 40 years of abandonment due to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, has turned into a ghost city and a strong symbol both of the island’s division and the prospect of reunification. Hands-on-Famagusta, an architectural project (2015a) by a bi-communal team (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) aiming to explore prospects of reunifying the city, also becomes important through its trilingual website (English-Greek-Turkish). More specifically, the involvement of various translation agents co-shaped the translation product and led to the creation of what will be termed a polyphonic translation (following Bakhtin 1986), as this trilingual output allowed not merely for a simple coexistence of conflicting discourses, but for a quasi-interaction, aiming at highlighting them as constituting elements of a potential cohabitation of Famagusta. All parties involved negotiated their memory and bypassed officially established language and translation policies and challenged dominant discourses of both sides. Their action prompts new ways of thinking about translation politics in terms of (a) citizens emerging as active agents of translation because, through or despite their memories and in contrast to official power centers, and (b) the reevaluation of “accuracy” and “sameness” in particularly polyphonic translation situations, where opposing discourses converge to necessary “amnesia.” 10 01 JB code btl.157.15mar 335 360 26 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 15. (Re)locating translation within asymmetrical power dynamics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Translation as an instrument of resistant conviviality</Subtitle> 1 A01 M. Rosario Martín Ruano Martín Ruano, M. Rosario M. Rosario Martín Ruano GIR TRADIC, University of Salamanca 20 asymmetry 20 conviviality 20 dialogue 20 digital age 20 globalisation 20 politics 20 power 20 translation 20 translation policy 01 This article proposes a critical approach to any instance of translation which (1) contributes to the (re)thinking of translation beyond the idea of bridge-building; (2) is based on a conceptualisation of culture(s) and identity(ies) in terms of translation and in inevitably political terms; and (3) may be useful for exploring alternative, resistant translation policies and practices inspired by an ideal of social conviviality. It will be argued that this is especially necessary in our superdiverse societies and in the contemporary era, where the potentialities of translation, both as a metaphor and as a practice, for social cohesion can be rethought and exploited. Translation perceived and practised as a dialogic and empowering tool will be posited as a powerful antidote to the perverse effects of the model of globalisation which is accepted as dominant in the current digital paradigm. 10 01 JB code btl.157.16ben 361 377 17 Chapter 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 16. Agency and social responsibility in the translation of the migration crisis</TitleText> 1 A01 Karen Bennett Bennett, Karen Karen Bennett Universidade Nova de Lisboa/CETAPS 20 legal translation 20 migration 20 news translation 20 social responsibility 20 translator agency 20 translator ethics 01 This paper looks at translator agency and ethics in the light of the current migration crisis, focusing on two concrete situations, one from the legal sphere and one from news translation-reportage. The first discusses how irresponsible choices in the translation of legal documents can proliferate in the online environment, generating a kind of “lexicoprudence” (Guia 2016) that produces alarming consequences in the real world. The second looks at the reportage in the British press of speeches by foreign politicians concerning the problem of unaccompanied “child migrants” in the wake of the dismantling of the Calais “Jungle.” Both will be discussed in the light of recent debates about translation agency and ethics. 10 01 JB code btl.157.ind 379 391 13 Miscellaneous 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210816 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 860 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 80 10 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 10 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 3 10 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD