219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201707062300 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
578007371 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BTL 78 Eb 15 9789027291103 06 10.1075/btl.78 13 2008011906 DG 002 02 01 BTL 02 0929-7316 Benjamins Translation Library 78 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Between Text and Image</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Updating research in screen translation</Subtitle> 01 btl.78 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.78 1 B01 Delia Chiaro Chiaro, Delia Delia Chiaro Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 2 B01 Christine Heiss Heiss, Christine Christine Heiss Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 3 B01 Chiara Bucaria Bucaria, Chiara Chiara Bucaria Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 01 eng 304 x 292 LAN023000 v.2006 CFP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.TRANSL Translation Studies 06 01 Over the past decade interest in research on screen translation has increased sharply while at the same time fast moving technological breakthroughs are continually modifying and renewing both products and well-established methods of linguistic mediation. Thus, as more scholars choose to devote their energies to investigating this multi-faceted field, there is an ever-growing need to map out where the discipline stands and where it is going in terms of research.<br />This book sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and at the same time to underscore the work of scholars following new paths of investigation both in terms of innovative linguistic mediations being examined and pioneering experimental design. <br />The volume includes descriptions of sophisticated electronic databases and corpora of audiovisual products for the big and small screen, and the rationale behind them, e.g. how they are created and programmed for querying; technical limitations; homogeneity in querying languages. Furthermore, <i>Between Text and Image</i> also includes a number of cutting edge studies in audience perception of audiovisual products, i.e. empirically based viewer centred studies which are still rare yet essential if we wish to gain a thorough understanding of the field. <br />Finally, the volume does not fail to ignore examples of original research carried out from both a traditional linguistic viewpoint and from a more cultural perspective. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.78.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216878.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027216878.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.78.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.78.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.78.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.78.hb.png 10 01 JB code btl.78.01pre vii x 4 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.02dia 1 9 9 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction: Audiovisual translation comes of age</TitleText> 1 A01 Jorge Díaz-Cintas Díaz-Cintas, Jorge Jorge Díaz-Cintas 10 01 JB code btl.78.03gam 11 33 23 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research</TitleText> 1 A01 Yves Gambier Gambier, Yves Yves Gambier University of Turku, Finland 20 accessibility 20 AVT modality 20 digitization 20 reception 20 subtitling 01 The paper is organized into two main parts: (i) an overview of background research topics in the field of Audiovisual Translation studies (AVT), which allow us to clearly delimit the main research trends which have emerged in the last decade, along with their repercussions, limits, and conceptual and methodological gaps; (ii) a prospective discussion combining Audiovisual Translation together with some specific trends in Translation Studies, which will force us to (re)view some key concepts such as text, accessibility, norm, and so on. Finally, we further investigate factors and conditions that may help define new research paths 10 01 JB code btl.78.04par Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part 1. Electronic databases and corpora</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.05ict Section header 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>ICT approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.06val 37 50 14 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Forlixt 1 &#8211; The Forl&#236; Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring macrostructures</TitleText> 1 A01 Cristina Valentini Valentini, Cristina Cristina Valentini Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 contrastive studies 20 corpus linguistics 20 dubbing 20 empirical research 20 multimedia database 01 Forlixt 1 (Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation) is an ongoing project of the University of Bologna’s Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in Translation, Languages and Culture, for the collection and study of data pertaining to film translation. After a brief summary of the main characteristics of the data base tools and of the ways data can be retrieved, the problem of a necessary methodological refinement will be tackled. In particular, the present contribution will aim to define a methodology for the comparison of original and dubbed versions of <i>Italian</i> and German films, through statistical analysis and discussion of macrostructures pertaining to peculiar linguistic and communicative occurrences. This will eventually help make the case for emphasizing the difference and higher reliability of such an approach compared to simple case studies. 10 01 JB code btl.78.07hei 51 62 12 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Forlixt 1 &#8211; The Forl&#236; Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring microstructures</TitleText> 1 A01 Christine Heiss Heiss, Christine Christine Heiss Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 2 A01 Marcello Soffritti Soffritti, Marcello Marcello Soffritti Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 contrastive linguistics 20 corpus tagging 20 multimedia data bases 20 query interfaces 20 screen translation 01 This paper will complete and conclude the Forlixt presentation, linking with that of Cristina Valentini in this volume. In a bank of multimodal and multilingual data about film dialogues the methodology for extracting and analyzing data differs fundamentally from the approaches which have to date been applied to corpora of written texts. In addition to the methods and examples used for a macrostructural analysis which Valentini’s paper has already stressed, we show all the aspects of research that are possible on a microstructural level through a complex system of tagging which can be combined with a free text search. In particular, the potential for microstructural analysis is fully apparent when linguistic information is linked with iconic, aural and situational details accessible from video clips. We will thus present an analysis (contrasting Italian with German) which relates to a discourse element closely connected with the pragmatic aspect of communication in diverse situations. The different stages of analysis have the aim not only of broadening knowledge about one specific case, but chiefly to illustrate one of a number of possible ways in which dialogue can be studied. As well as indicating differences and similarities between the linguistic and pragmatic structure of the two languages, the system allows for a focus on all the problems that characterize the strategies for translations and adaptations. Finally, we will also give examples of how to seek out clues, on a diachronic level, about the appearance and disappearance of linguistic phenomena, which may at the same time refer back to semiotic codes according to the relative social and ethnocultural context<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.08mat 63 75 13 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">New tools for translators: INTCA, an electronic dictionary of interjections</TitleText> 1 A01 Anna Matamala Matamala, Anna Anna Matamala Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain 2 A01 Mercè Lorente Lorente, Mercè Mercè Lorente Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain 20 audiovisual translation 20 corpus linguistics 20 electronic lexicography 01 This paper presents INTCA (Interjeccions Català-Anglès, i.e. Interjections Catalan-English), a prototype for an electronic dictionary of interjections in English and Catalan, aimed at the needs of language professionals in general and audiovisual translators in particular. This proposal is based on a theoretical framework developed by Cuenca (2004), who includes cognitive postulates to define interjections. The audiovisual corpus used for the analysis of interjections and the collection of lexicographical data for the prototype are also described. 10 01 JB code btl.78.09lin Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Linguistic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.10pav 79 99 21 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spoken language in film dubbing: Target language norms, interference and translational routines</TitleText> 1 A01 Maria Pavesi Pavesi, Maria Maria Pavesi University of Pavia, Italy 20 interference 20 routines 20 spoken language 20 target language norms 01 One main feature which distinguishes film translation from other translation types is the need to produce a text which quite closely mimics spoken language. To which degree this is achieved and, more feasibly, which features are involved in doing so deserve in-depth investigation. Taking a small corpus of American and British films translated into Italian, a quantitative analysis of selected instances of spoken Italian associated with the constraints and situational factors of faceto-face communication has been carried out. The results suggest that major syntactic features of spontaneous spoken Italian tend at present to be reproduced in Italian film dubbing from English, with some features being systematically chosen as privileged carriers of orality. At least in some language areas and in the period investigated, dubbed language appears to result from the interaction of target language norms, which play the most significant role, source language interference, to a restricted extent, and formulaic language, a feature that has been widely recognized as typical of the language of audiovisual translation<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.11ped 101 115 15 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">High felicity: A speech act approach to quality assessment in subtitling</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan Pedersen Pedersen, Jan Jan Pedersen Stockholm University, Sweden 20 culture 20 illocutionary points 20 quality assessment 20 speech act theory 20 subtitling 01 This paper contains some thoughts on how an approach based on speech act theory can be used for quality assessment in subtitling. It is assumed here that subtitling is a pragmatic form of translation and that it might be more felicitous to give a speaker’s primary illocutionary point (what is meant to get across) precedence over what is actually said, if there is a conflict. Analyses of subtitled utterances containing Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) illustrate the approach, showing that there is a difference in kind between more or less felicitous translations and translation errors. By considering the sender’s primary illocutionary point first, a felicitous subtitle is faithful to the original message, despite the media-specific constraints, while giving the viewer/reader guidance to access the message. In this way, high fidelity is achieved through high felicity<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.12val 117 132 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Inserts in modern script-writing and their translation into Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Roberto A. Valdeón Valdeón, Roberto A. Roberto A. Valdeón University of Oviedo, Spain 20 conversational mode 20 inserts 20 screen translation 01 In this paper we study the translation of six types of inserts (Biber et al. 1999: 1082ff); namely peripheral elements to the clause structure, traditionally regarded as secondary in descriptive grammars and which have received the attention of corpus linguists in recent years. Interjections, greetings and farewells, attention signals, hesitators, polite formulae, and discourse markers will be covered. After a short introduction on the relevance of these elements within spoken English, we proceed to analyze the translational strategies used in the Spanish versions of the British films ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’, ‘Bridget Jones’ Diary’ and ‘Notting Hill’ selected for the study because of the contemporary texture of their scripts, which attempt to imitate the spoken mode in its informal variety. In a final section, we make some concluding remarks about the findings. 10 01 JB code btl.78.13par Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part 2. Perception and quality</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.14emp Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Empirical approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.15ant 135 147 13 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The perception of dubbese: An Italian study</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">perception of dubbese: An Italian study</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Rachele Antonini Antonini, Rachele Rachele Antonini Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 audiovisual translation 20 dubbese 20 e-questionnaire 20 perception 01 Every day Italian TV viewers are exposed to a vast amount of heavily mediated audiovisual texts translated into their native language which contain a wide array of references to all the specific aspects and features of the source languages and cultures. Dubbese is the hybrid language used by the Italian dubbing industry to transpose both fictional and non-fictional foreign TV and cinema productions. This paper will illustrate the results of a large scale research project based upon a corpus of over 300 hours of dubbed TV programmes which set out to assess what Italian TV viewers perceive and understand of the culture-specific references contained in dubbed filmic products<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.16buc 149 163 15 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acceptance of the norm or suspension of disbelief? The case of formulaic language in dubbese</TitleText> 1 A01 Chiara Bucaria Bucaria, Chiara Chiara Bucaria Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 dubbing 20 end-users 20 formulaic language 20 perception 01 This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating audience perception of a specific aspect of dubbing in Italy, namely the influence of source language structures and expressions on target language audiovisual texts. Viewers were first shown selected examples of Anglicisms and dubbese found in US TV programmes and were subsequently tested on their perception of such expressions, with particular focus on an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of these expressions in everyday Italian. Data collected by means of questionnaires following viewing proved that, on average, respondents found the expressions and phrases quite unlikely to occur, with the sub-sample composed of audiovisual translation (AVT) professionals indicating the lowest levels of likelihood<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.17cav 165 180 16 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Measuring the perception of the screen translation of <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>: A cross-cultural study</TitleText> 1 A01 Flavia Cavaliere Cavaliere, Flavia Flavia Cavaliere University of Naples, Italy 20 audience perception 20 culture-bound issues 20 soap opera 20 subtitling 01 This paper presents and discusses the results of a study designed to investigate to what extent the places where viewers live and the role of the national community to which they belong, interact and influence the perception of culture-bound issues in the fictional context of a famous Italian soap opera, <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>. Although deeply rooted in the Neapolitan cultural context, this programme is assiduously watched in all parts of Italy, and also translated into English. In order to measure the degree of comprehension, and consequently of appreciation, of the programme, some scenes of this soap were shown to a group of Neapolitans, a group of Milanese, and a group of Americans based in Naples who were exposed to the episode in its subtitled version. A careful analysis of data obtained through a questionnaire submitted to the three groups has shown that in <i>Un Posto al Sole </i>there is a significant residue of untranslatable culture associated with the linguistic structures of source language which is only partially conveyed, or is not conveyed at all. Our survey verifies that this affects the degree of appreciation<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.18cul Section header 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Cultural and psycholinguistic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.19bia 183 195 13 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Taming teen-language: The adaptation of <i>Buffyspeak</i> into Italian</TitleText> 1 A01 Diana Bianchi Bianchi, Diana Diana Bianchi University of Perugia, Italy 20 dubbing 20 normalization 20 slang 20 teen TV 20 youth language 01 This paper examines the Italian dubbed version of the US TV series <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>, focussing in particular on the translation of the show’s idiosyncratic slang, the so-called Buffyspeak, and the representation of unconventional femininity embodied by the character of Buffy. Our analysis shows how the changes made in the adaptation radically alter two of the most debated elements of the programme: its youth language and its ‘feminist’ content, resulting in what we argue is a ‘tamer’ version of the show. We believe that linguistic and technical problems are insufficient to explain the normalisation strategies adopted throughout so other factors have been considered. In particular, we focus on current working practices in the Italian dubbing industry, the importance of clear generic labelling on TV and the difference between US and Italian teen series, all of which have been cited as elements that are likely to have affected the adaptation of the programme. Ultimately this illustrates that, when analysing dubbing for television, it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural context to understand how certain strategies are chosen and why. 10 01 JB code btl.78.20di 197 210 14 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">From darkness to light in subtitling</TitleText> 1 A01 Elena Di Giovanni Di Giovanni, Elena Elena Di Giovanni University of Macerata, Italy 20 darkness 20 film festivals 20 human rights 20 light 20 subtitling 01 This paper focuses on the status of subtitling in Italy, an activity which is often neglected by researchers as well as audiences, notwithstanding its being on the increase thanks to DVD distribution, the proliferation of satellite channels and, more significantly, of film festivals.<br />In referring to Abe Mark Nornes’ advocacy of “abusive subtitling”, this paper wishes to bring the practice of subtitling in Italy out of the darkness, shedding light on some of the most interesting opportunities it offers for the diffusion of otherwise ignored cinematic products as well as for subtitlers’ training and academic research. Drawing inspiration from the experience carried out at the Advanced School for Interpreters and Translators in Forlì, Italy, in the production of subtitles by students involved in an international film festival on human rights, this paper sets out to advocate the power of subtitling in Italy and strive to bring it out of its position of obscurity. Even though its force can still be felt on a limited scale, subtitling can go far in enhancing knowledge of extremely remote cultures and, from an academic perspective, it ought to encourage more systematic, interdisciplinary research while also contributing to students’ individual and professional growth<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.21per 211 223 13 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability</TitleText> 1 A01 Elisa Perego Perego, Elisa Elisa Perego University of Trieste, Italy 20 parsing 20 quality 20 reading 20 segmentation 20 subtitling 01 Psycholinguistic literature shows that reading is so highly structured and formalized as to make it a routine and automated task. So long as the syntax and lexicon of the text both remain within normal variation, the flow of reading is not interrupted. When accustomed patterns are violated, this produces an immediate and substantial increase in the level of strain placed upon the reader. This paper focuses specifically on the difficulties that film subtitle readers may encounter as a result of arbitrary line-breaks, i.e. text segmentation that does not follow the principal rules of syntax. A qualitative analysis on a varied corpus of film subtitles allowed us to identify instances of arbitrary line-breaks, to comment on them and to formulate hypotheses concerning possible ways to resolve such issues by employing a more suitable target-oriented subtitle layout. 10 01 JB code btl.78.22soc Section header 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Socio-economic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.23val 227 240 14 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The localization of promotional discourse on the internet</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">localization of promotional discourse on the internet</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Cristina Valdés Valdés, Cristina Cristina Valdés University of Oviedo, Spain 20 discourse 20 hyptertext 20 Localization 20 multimedia translation 20 promotion 20 reception 01 The localization of promotional discourse on the Internet offers an interesting case for study as it entails many of the challenges translation studies are facing nowadays and, most particularly, multimedia translation. The paper is divided in three parts; the first will deal with a description of the main features of promotional discourse with particular reference to web promotion. The second part will examine the several possibilities that the Internet offers as a medium for promotion in terms of its impact, the changes it is bringing about in terms of reception and reading modes and the linguistic implications which derive from its worldwide use. Thirdly, the discourse elements of website texts as well as other considerations about the medium are discussed when focusing on the description of translation strategies in promotional material on the Internet. Finally, the conclusion will highlight some of the needs and shortcomings entailed by this kind of translation which still raises and requires further research<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.24chi 241 256 16 Article 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Issues of quality in screen translation: Problems and solutions</TitleText> 1 A01 Delia Chiaro Chiaro, Delia Delia Chiaro Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 audience satisfaction 20 credence attributes 20 Kano Model 20 quality 20 screen translation 01 Scholarly debate in screen translation (ST) regarding quality issues often hinges on the complexity of specifying quality standards for such a heterogeneous market in terms of typology of translation (i.e. dubbing, subtitling, voice-over etc.) and the wide range of credence attributes which might contribute to the creation of quality standards for these products. Moreover, the situation is further complicated by the issue of “Quality according to whom?”: operators; service providers; end users, or all three? However complicated these problems may seem, this paper attempts to look for answers. Total Quality Management (TQM) and attribute-based approaches already widely used to measure customer satisfaction in media studies will be put forward as tentative instruments to determine quality in ST. 10 01 JB code btl.78.25ref 257 283 27 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">References</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.26fil 285 287 3 Miscellaneous 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Filmography</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.27ind 289 292 4 Miscellaneous 27 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20080814 2008 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027216878 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 687007043 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code BTL 78 Hb 15 9789027216878 13 2008011906 BB 01 BTL 02 0929-7316 Benjamins Translation Library 78 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Between Text and Image</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Updating research in screen translation</Subtitle> 01 btl.78 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.78 1 B01 Delia Chiaro Chiaro, Delia Delia Chiaro Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 2 B01 Christine Heiss Heiss, Christine Christine Heiss Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 3 B01 Chiara Bucaria Bucaria, Chiara Chiara Bucaria Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì 01 eng 304 x 292 LAN023000 v.2006 CFP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme TRAN.TRANSL Translation Studies 06 01 Over the past decade interest in research on screen translation has increased sharply while at the same time fast moving technological breakthroughs are continually modifying and renewing both products and well-established methods of linguistic mediation. Thus, as more scholars choose to devote their energies to investigating this multi-faceted field, there is an ever-growing need to map out where the discipline stands and where it is going in terms of research.<br />This book sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and at the same time to underscore the work of scholars following new paths of investigation both in terms of innovative linguistic mediations being examined and pioneering experimental design. <br />The volume includes descriptions of sophisticated electronic databases and corpora of audiovisual products for the big and small screen, and the rationale behind them, e.g. how they are created and programmed for querying; technical limitations; homogeneity in querying languages. Furthermore, <i>Between Text and Image</i> also includes a number of cutting edge studies in audience perception of audiovisual products, i.e. empirically based viewer centred studies which are still rare yet essential if we wish to gain a thorough understanding of the field. <br />Finally, the volume does not fail to ignore examples of original research carried out from both a traditional linguistic viewpoint and from a more cultural perspective. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.78.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216878.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027216878.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.78.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.78.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.78.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.78.hb.png 10 01 JB code btl.78.01pre vii x 4 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.02dia 1 9 9 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction: Audiovisual translation comes of age</TitleText> 1 A01 Jorge Díaz-Cintas Díaz-Cintas, Jorge Jorge Díaz-Cintas 10 01 JB code btl.78.03gam 11 33 23 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research</TitleText> 1 A01 Yves Gambier Gambier, Yves Yves Gambier University of Turku, Finland 20 accessibility 20 AVT modality 20 digitization 20 reception 20 subtitling 01 The paper is organized into two main parts: (i) an overview of background research topics in the field of Audiovisual Translation studies (AVT), which allow us to clearly delimit the main research trends which have emerged in the last decade, along with their repercussions, limits, and conceptual and methodological gaps; (ii) a prospective discussion combining Audiovisual Translation together with some specific trends in Translation Studies, which will force us to (re)view some key concepts such as text, accessibility, norm, and so on. Finally, we further investigate factors and conditions that may help define new research paths 10 01 JB code btl.78.04par Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part 1. Electronic databases and corpora</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.05ict Section header 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>ICT approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.06val 37 50 14 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Forlixt 1 &#8211; The Forl&#236; Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring macrostructures</TitleText> 1 A01 Cristina Valentini Valentini, Cristina Cristina Valentini Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 contrastive studies 20 corpus linguistics 20 dubbing 20 empirical research 20 multimedia database 01 Forlixt 1 (Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation) is an ongoing project of the University of Bologna’s Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in Translation, Languages and Culture, for the collection and study of data pertaining to film translation. After a brief summary of the main characteristics of the data base tools and of the ways data can be retrieved, the problem of a necessary methodological refinement will be tackled. In particular, the present contribution will aim to define a methodology for the comparison of original and dubbed versions of <i>Italian</i> and German films, through statistical analysis and discussion of macrostructures pertaining to peculiar linguistic and communicative occurrences. This will eventually help make the case for emphasizing the difference and higher reliability of such an approach compared to simple case studies. 10 01 JB code btl.78.07hei 51 62 12 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Forlixt 1 &#8211; The Forl&#236; Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring microstructures</TitleText> 1 A01 Christine Heiss Heiss, Christine Christine Heiss Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 2 A01 Marcello Soffritti Soffritti, Marcello Marcello Soffritti Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 contrastive linguistics 20 corpus tagging 20 multimedia data bases 20 query interfaces 20 screen translation 01 This paper will complete and conclude the Forlixt presentation, linking with that of Cristina Valentini in this volume. In a bank of multimodal and multilingual data about film dialogues the methodology for extracting and analyzing data differs fundamentally from the approaches which have to date been applied to corpora of written texts. In addition to the methods and examples used for a macrostructural analysis which Valentini’s paper has already stressed, we show all the aspects of research that are possible on a microstructural level through a complex system of tagging which can be combined with a free text search. In particular, the potential for microstructural analysis is fully apparent when linguistic information is linked with iconic, aural and situational details accessible from video clips. We will thus present an analysis (contrasting Italian with German) which relates to a discourse element closely connected with the pragmatic aspect of communication in diverse situations. The different stages of analysis have the aim not only of broadening knowledge about one specific case, but chiefly to illustrate one of a number of possible ways in which dialogue can be studied. As well as indicating differences and similarities between the linguistic and pragmatic structure of the two languages, the system allows for a focus on all the problems that characterize the strategies for translations and adaptations. Finally, we will also give examples of how to seek out clues, on a diachronic level, about the appearance and disappearance of linguistic phenomena, which may at the same time refer back to semiotic codes according to the relative social and ethnocultural context<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.08mat 63 75 13 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">New tools for translators: INTCA, an electronic dictionary of interjections</TitleText> 1 A01 Anna Matamala Matamala, Anna Anna Matamala Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain 2 A01 Mercè Lorente Lorente, Mercè Mercè Lorente Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain 20 audiovisual translation 20 corpus linguistics 20 electronic lexicography 01 This paper presents INTCA (Interjeccions Català-Anglès, i.e. Interjections Catalan-English), a prototype for an electronic dictionary of interjections in English and Catalan, aimed at the needs of language professionals in general and audiovisual translators in particular. This proposal is based on a theoretical framework developed by Cuenca (2004), who includes cognitive postulates to define interjections. The audiovisual corpus used for the analysis of interjections and the collection of lexicographical data for the prototype are also described. 10 01 JB code btl.78.09lin Section header 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Linguistic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.10pav 79 99 21 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spoken language in film dubbing: Target language norms, interference and translational routines</TitleText> 1 A01 Maria Pavesi Pavesi, Maria Maria Pavesi University of Pavia, Italy 20 interference 20 routines 20 spoken language 20 target language norms 01 One main feature which distinguishes film translation from other translation types is the need to produce a text which quite closely mimics spoken language. To which degree this is achieved and, more feasibly, which features are involved in doing so deserve in-depth investigation. Taking a small corpus of American and British films translated into Italian, a quantitative analysis of selected instances of spoken Italian associated with the constraints and situational factors of faceto-face communication has been carried out. The results suggest that major syntactic features of spontaneous spoken Italian tend at present to be reproduced in Italian film dubbing from English, with some features being systematically chosen as privileged carriers of orality. At least in some language areas and in the period investigated, dubbed language appears to result from the interaction of target language norms, which play the most significant role, source language interference, to a restricted extent, and formulaic language, a feature that has been widely recognized as typical of the language of audiovisual translation<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.11ped 101 115 15 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">High felicity: A speech act approach to quality assessment in subtitling</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan Pedersen Pedersen, Jan Jan Pedersen Stockholm University, Sweden 20 culture 20 illocutionary points 20 quality assessment 20 speech act theory 20 subtitling 01 This paper contains some thoughts on how an approach based on speech act theory can be used for quality assessment in subtitling. It is assumed here that subtitling is a pragmatic form of translation and that it might be more felicitous to give a speaker’s primary illocutionary point (what is meant to get across) precedence over what is actually said, if there is a conflict. Analyses of subtitled utterances containing Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) illustrate the approach, showing that there is a difference in kind between more or less felicitous translations and translation errors. By considering the sender’s primary illocutionary point first, a felicitous subtitle is faithful to the original message, despite the media-specific constraints, while giving the viewer/reader guidance to access the message. In this way, high fidelity is achieved through high felicity<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.12val 117 132 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Inserts in modern script-writing and their translation into Spanish</TitleText> 1 A01 Roberto A. Valdeón Valdeón, Roberto A. Roberto A. Valdeón University of Oviedo, Spain 20 conversational mode 20 inserts 20 screen translation 01 In this paper we study the translation of six types of inserts (Biber et al. 1999: 1082ff); namely peripheral elements to the clause structure, traditionally regarded as secondary in descriptive grammars and which have received the attention of corpus linguists in recent years. Interjections, greetings and farewells, attention signals, hesitators, polite formulae, and discourse markers will be covered. After a short introduction on the relevance of these elements within spoken English, we proceed to analyze the translational strategies used in the Spanish versions of the British films ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’, ‘Bridget Jones’ Diary’ and ‘Notting Hill’ selected for the study because of the contemporary texture of their scripts, which attempt to imitate the spoken mode in its informal variety. In a final section, we make some concluding remarks about the findings. 10 01 JB code btl.78.13par Section header 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part 2. Perception and quality</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.14emp Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Empirical approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.15ant 135 147 13 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The perception of dubbese: An Italian study</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">perception of dubbese: An Italian study</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Rachele Antonini Antonini, Rachele Rachele Antonini Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 audiovisual translation 20 dubbese 20 e-questionnaire 20 perception 01 Every day Italian TV viewers are exposed to a vast amount of heavily mediated audiovisual texts translated into their native language which contain a wide array of references to all the specific aspects and features of the source languages and cultures. Dubbese is the hybrid language used by the Italian dubbing industry to transpose both fictional and non-fictional foreign TV and cinema productions. This paper will illustrate the results of a large scale research project based upon a corpus of over 300 hours of dubbed TV programmes which set out to assess what Italian TV viewers perceive and understand of the culture-specific references contained in dubbed filmic products<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.16buc 149 163 15 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acceptance of the norm or suspension of disbelief? The case of formulaic language in dubbese</TitleText> 1 A01 Chiara Bucaria Bucaria, Chiara Chiara Bucaria Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 dubbing 20 end-users 20 formulaic language 20 perception 01 This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating audience perception of a specific aspect of dubbing in Italy, namely the influence of source language structures and expressions on target language audiovisual texts. Viewers were first shown selected examples of Anglicisms and dubbese found in US TV programmes and were subsequently tested on their perception of such expressions, with particular focus on an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of these expressions in everyday Italian. Data collected by means of questionnaires following viewing proved that, on average, respondents found the expressions and phrases quite unlikely to occur, with the sub-sample composed of audiovisual translation (AVT) professionals indicating the lowest levels of likelihood<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.17cav 165 180 16 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Measuring the perception of the screen translation of <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>: A cross-cultural study</TitleText> 1 A01 Flavia Cavaliere Cavaliere, Flavia Flavia Cavaliere University of Naples, Italy 20 audience perception 20 culture-bound issues 20 soap opera 20 subtitling 01 This paper presents and discusses the results of a study designed to investigate to what extent the places where viewers live and the role of the national community to which they belong, interact and influence the perception of culture-bound issues in the fictional context of a famous Italian soap opera, <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>. Although deeply rooted in the Neapolitan cultural context, this programme is assiduously watched in all parts of Italy, and also translated into English. In order to measure the degree of comprehension, and consequently of appreciation, of the programme, some scenes of this soap were shown to a group of Neapolitans, a group of Milanese, and a group of Americans based in Naples who were exposed to the episode in its subtitled version. A careful analysis of data obtained through a questionnaire submitted to the three groups has shown that in <i>Un Posto al Sole </i>there is a significant residue of untranslatable culture associated with the linguistic structures of source language which is only partially conveyed, or is not conveyed at all. Our survey verifies that this affects the degree of appreciation<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.18cul Section header 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Cultural and psycholinguistic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.19bia 183 195 13 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Taming teen-language: The adaptation of <i>Buffyspeak</i> into Italian</TitleText> 1 A01 Diana Bianchi Bianchi, Diana Diana Bianchi University of Perugia, Italy 20 dubbing 20 normalization 20 slang 20 teen TV 20 youth language 01 This paper examines the Italian dubbed version of the US TV series <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>, focussing in particular on the translation of the show’s idiosyncratic slang, the so-called Buffyspeak, and the representation of unconventional femininity embodied by the character of Buffy. Our analysis shows how the changes made in the adaptation radically alter two of the most debated elements of the programme: its youth language and its ‘feminist’ content, resulting in what we argue is a ‘tamer’ version of the show. We believe that linguistic and technical problems are insufficient to explain the normalisation strategies adopted throughout so other factors have been considered. In particular, we focus on current working practices in the Italian dubbing industry, the importance of clear generic labelling on TV and the difference between US and Italian teen series, all of which have been cited as elements that are likely to have affected the adaptation of the programme. Ultimately this illustrates that, when analysing dubbing for television, it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural context to understand how certain strategies are chosen and why. 10 01 JB code btl.78.20di 197 210 14 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">From darkness to light in subtitling</TitleText> 1 A01 Elena Di Giovanni Di Giovanni, Elena Elena Di Giovanni University of Macerata, Italy 20 darkness 20 film festivals 20 human rights 20 light 20 subtitling 01 This paper focuses on the status of subtitling in Italy, an activity which is often neglected by researchers as well as audiences, notwithstanding its being on the increase thanks to DVD distribution, the proliferation of satellite channels and, more significantly, of film festivals.<br />In referring to Abe Mark Nornes’ advocacy of “abusive subtitling”, this paper wishes to bring the practice of subtitling in Italy out of the darkness, shedding light on some of the most interesting opportunities it offers for the diffusion of otherwise ignored cinematic products as well as for subtitlers’ training and academic research. Drawing inspiration from the experience carried out at the Advanced School for Interpreters and Translators in Forlì, Italy, in the production of subtitles by students involved in an international film festival on human rights, this paper sets out to advocate the power of subtitling in Italy and strive to bring it out of its position of obscurity. Even though its force can still be felt on a limited scale, subtitling can go far in enhancing knowledge of extremely remote cultures and, from an academic perspective, it ought to encourage more systematic, interdisciplinary research while also contributing to students’ individual and professional growth<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.21per 211 223 13 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability</TitleText> 1 A01 Elisa Perego Perego, Elisa Elisa Perego University of Trieste, Italy 20 parsing 20 quality 20 reading 20 segmentation 20 subtitling 01 Psycholinguistic literature shows that reading is so highly structured and formalized as to make it a routine and automated task. So long as the syntax and lexicon of the text both remain within normal variation, the flow of reading is not interrupted. When accustomed patterns are violated, this produces an immediate and substantial increase in the level of strain placed upon the reader. This paper focuses specifically on the difficulties that film subtitle readers may encounter as a result of arbitrary line-breaks, i.e. text segmentation that does not follow the principal rules of syntax. A qualitative analysis on a varied corpus of film subtitles allowed us to identify instances of arbitrary line-breaks, to comment on them and to formulate hypotheses concerning possible ways to resolve such issues by employing a more suitable target-oriented subtitle layout. 10 01 JB code btl.78.22soc Section header 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>Socio-economic approaches</i></TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.23val 227 240 14 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The localization of promotional discourse on the internet</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">localization of promotional discourse on the internet</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Cristina Valdés Valdés, Cristina Cristina Valdés University of Oviedo, Spain 20 discourse 20 hyptertext 20 Localization 20 multimedia translation 20 promotion 20 reception 01 The localization of promotional discourse on the Internet offers an interesting case for study as it entails many of the challenges translation studies are facing nowadays and, most particularly, multimedia translation. The paper is divided in three parts; the first will deal with a description of the main features of promotional discourse with particular reference to web promotion. The second part will examine the several possibilities that the Internet offers as a medium for promotion in terms of its impact, the changes it is bringing about in terms of reception and reading modes and the linguistic implications which derive from its worldwide use. Thirdly, the discourse elements of website texts as well as other considerations about the medium are discussed when focusing on the description of translation strategies in promotional material on the Internet. Finally, the conclusion will highlight some of the needs and shortcomings entailed by this kind of translation which still raises and requires further research<i>.</i> 10 01 JB code btl.78.24chi 241 256 16 Article 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Issues of quality in screen translation: Problems and solutions</TitleText> 1 A01 Delia Chiaro Chiaro, Delia Delia Chiaro Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy 20 audience satisfaction 20 credence attributes 20 Kano Model 20 quality 20 screen translation 01 Scholarly debate in screen translation (ST) regarding quality issues often hinges on the complexity of specifying quality standards for such a heterogeneous market in terms of typology of translation (i.e. dubbing, subtitling, voice-over etc.) and the wide range of credence attributes which might contribute to the creation of quality standards for these products. Moreover, the situation is further complicated by the issue of “Quality according to whom?”: operators; service providers; end users, or all three? However complicated these problems may seem, this paper attempts to look for answers. Total Quality Management (TQM) and attribute-based approaches already widely used to measure customer satisfaction in media studies will be put forward as tentative instruments to determine quality in ST. 10 01 JB code btl.78.25ref 257 283 27 Miscellaneous 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">References</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.26fil 285 287 3 Miscellaneous 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Filmography</TitleText> 10 01 JB code btl.78.27ind 289 292 4 Miscellaneous 27 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20080814 2008 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 690 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 23 18 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 18 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 18 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD