219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201707062300
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
578007371
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
BTL 78 Eb
15
9789027291103
06
10.1075/btl.78
13
2008011906
DG
002
02
01
BTL
02
0929-7316
Benjamins Translation Library
78
01
Between Text and Image
Updating research in screen translation
01
btl.78
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.78
1
B01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
2
B01
Christine Heiss
Heiss, Christine
Christine
Heiss
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
3
B01
Chiara Bucaria
Bucaria, Chiara
Chiara
Bucaria
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
01
eng
304
x
292
LAN023000
v.2006
CFP
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
Over the past decade interest in research on screen translation has increased sharply while at the same time fast moving technological breakthroughs are continually modifying and renewing both products and well-established methods of linguistic mediation. Thus, as more scholars choose to devote their energies to investigating this multi-faceted field, there is an ever-growing need to map out where the discipline stands and where it is going in terms of research.<br />This book sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and at the same time to underscore the work of scholars following new paths of investigation both in terms of innovative linguistic mediations being examined and pioneering experimental design. <br />The volume includes descriptions of sophisticated electronic databases and corpora of audiovisual products for the big and small screen, and the rationale behind them, e.g. how they are created and programmed for querying; technical limitations; homogeneity in querying languages. Furthermore, <i>Between Text and Image</i> also includes a number of cutting edge studies in audience perception of audiovisual products, i.e. empirically based viewer centred studies which are still rare yet essential if we wish to gain a thorough understanding of the field. <br />Finally, the volume does not fail to ignore examples of original research carried out from both a traditional linguistic viewpoint and from a more cultural perspective.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.78.png
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216878.jpg
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09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.78.hb.png
10
01
JB code
btl.78.01pre
vii
x
4
Miscellaneous
1
01
Preface
10
01
JB code
btl.78.02dia
1
9
9
Article
2
01
Introduction: Audiovisual translation comes of age
1
A01
Jorge Díaz-Cintas
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge
Jorge
Díaz-Cintas
10
01
JB code
btl.78.03gam
11
33
23
Article
3
01
Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research
1
A01
Yves Gambier
Gambier, Yves
Yves
Gambier
University of Turku, Finland
20
accessibility
20
AVT modality
20
digitization
20
reception
20
subtitling
01
The paper is organized into two main parts: (i) an overview of background research topics in the field of Audiovisual Translation studies (AVT), which allow us to clearly delimit the main research trends which have emerged in the last decade, along with their repercussions, limits, and conceptual and methodological gaps; (ii) a prospective discussion combining Audiovisual Translation together with some specific trends in Translation Studies, which will force us to (re)view some key concepts such as text, accessibility, norm, and so on. Finally, we further investigate factors and conditions that may help define new research paths
10
01
JB code
btl.78.04par
Section header
4
01
Part 1. Electronic databases and corpora
10
01
JB code
btl.78.05ict
Section header
5
01
<i>ICT approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.06val
37
50
14
Article
6
01
Forlixt 1 – The Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring macrostructures
1
A01
Cristina Valentini
Valentini, Cristina
Cristina
Valentini
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
contrastive studies
20
corpus linguistics
20
dubbing
20
empirical research
20
multimedia database
01
Forlixt 1 (Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation) is an ongoing project of the University
of Bologna’s Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in Translation, Languages and
Culture, for the collection and study of data pertaining to film translation. After a
brief summary of the main characteristics of the data base tools and of the ways data
can be retrieved, the problem of a necessary methodological refinement will be tackled.
In particular, the present contribution will aim to define a methodology for the
comparison of original and dubbed versions of <i>Italian</i> and German films, through
statistical analysis and discussion of macrostructures pertaining to peculiar linguistic
and communicative occurrences. This will eventually help make the case for emphasizing
the difference and higher reliability of such an approach compared to simple case
studies.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.07hei
51
62
12
Article
7
01
Forlixt 1 – The Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring microstructures
1
A01
Christine Heiss
Heiss, Christine
Christine
Heiss
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
2
A01
Marcello Soffritti
Soffritti, Marcello
Marcello
Soffritti
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
contrastive linguistics
20
corpus tagging
20
multimedia data bases
20
query interfaces
20
screen translation
01
This paper will complete and conclude the Forlixt presentation, linking with that of Cristina Valentini in this volume. In a bank of multimodal and multilingual data about film dialogues the methodology for extracting and analyzing data differs fundamentally from the approaches which have to date been applied to corpora of written texts. In addition to the methods and examples used for a macrostructural analysis which Valentini’s paper has already stressed, we show all the aspects of research that are possible on a microstructural level through a complex system of tagging which can be combined with a free text search. In particular, the potential for microstructural analysis is fully apparent when linguistic information is linked with iconic, aural and situational details accessible from video clips. We will thus present an analysis (contrasting Italian with German) which relates to a discourse element closely connected with the pragmatic aspect of communication in diverse situations. The different stages of analysis have the aim not only of broadening knowledge about one specific case, but chiefly to illustrate one of a number of possible ways in which dialogue can be studied. As well as indicating differences and similarities between the linguistic and pragmatic structure of the two languages, the system allows for a focus on all the problems that characterize the strategies for translations and adaptations. Finally, we will also give examples of how to seek out clues, on a diachronic level, about the appearance and disappearance of linguistic phenomena, which may at the same time refer back to semiotic codes according to the relative social and ethnocultural context<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.08mat
63
75
13
Article
8
01
New tools for translators: INTCA, an electronic dictionary of interjections
1
A01
Anna Matamala
Matamala, Anna
Anna
Matamala
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain
2
A01
Mercè Lorente
Lorente, Mercè
Mercè
Lorente
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain
20
audiovisual translation
20
corpus linguistics
20
electronic lexicography
01
This paper presents INTCA (Interjeccions Català-Anglès, i.e. Interjections Catalan-English), a prototype for an electronic dictionary of interjections in English and Catalan, aimed at the needs of language professionals in general and audiovisual translators in particular. This proposal is based on a theoretical framework developed by Cuenca (2004), who includes cognitive postulates to define interjections. The audiovisual corpus used for the analysis of interjections and the collection of lexicographical data for the prototype are also described.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.09lin
Section header
9
01
<i>Linguistic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.10pav
79
99
21
Article
10
01
Spoken language in film dubbing: Target language norms, interference and translational routines
1
A01
Maria Pavesi
Pavesi, Maria
Maria
Pavesi
University of Pavia, Italy
20
interference
20
routines
20
spoken language
20
target language norms
01
One main feature which distinguishes film translation from other translation types is the need to produce a text which quite closely mimics spoken language. To which degree this is achieved and, more feasibly, which features are involved in doing so deserve in-depth investigation. Taking a small corpus of American and British films translated into Italian, a quantitative analysis of selected instances of spoken Italian associated with the constraints and situational factors of faceto-face communication has been carried out. The results suggest that major syntactic features of spontaneous spoken Italian tend at present to be reproduced in Italian film dubbing from English, with some features being systematically chosen as privileged carriers of orality. At least in some language areas and in the period investigated, dubbed language appears to result from the interaction of target language norms, which play the most significant role, source language interference, to a restricted extent, and formulaic language, a feature that has been widely recognized as typical of the language of audiovisual translation<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.11ped
101
115
15
Article
11
01
High felicity: A speech act approach to quality assessment in subtitling
1
A01
Jan Pedersen
Pedersen, Jan
Jan
Pedersen
Stockholm University, Sweden
20
culture
20
illocutionary points
20
quality assessment
20
speech act theory
20
subtitling
01
This paper contains some thoughts on how an approach based on speech act theory can be used for quality assessment in subtitling. It is assumed here that subtitling is a pragmatic form of translation and that it might be more felicitous to give a speaker’s primary illocutionary point (what is meant to get across) precedence over what is actually said, if there is a conflict. Analyses of subtitled utterances containing Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) illustrate the approach, showing that there is a difference in kind between more or less felicitous translations and translation errors. By considering the sender’s primary illocutionary point first, a felicitous subtitle is faithful to the original message, despite the media-specific constraints, while giving the viewer/reader guidance to access the message. In this way, high fidelity is achieved through high felicity<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.12val
117
132
16
Article
12
01
Inserts in modern script-writing and their translation into Spanish
1
A01
Roberto A. Valdeón
Valdeón, Roberto A.
Roberto A.
Valdeón
University of Oviedo, Spain
20
conversational mode
20
inserts
20
screen translation
01
In this paper we study the translation of six types of inserts (Biber et al. 1999: 1082ff); namely peripheral elements to the clause structure, traditionally regarded as secondary in descriptive grammars and which have received the attention of corpus linguists in recent years. Interjections, greetings and farewells, attention signals, hesitators, polite formulae, and discourse markers will be covered. After a short introduction on the relevance of these elements within spoken English, we proceed to analyze the translational strategies used in the Spanish versions of the British films ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’, ‘Bridget Jones’ Diary’ and ‘Notting Hill’ selected for the study because of the contemporary texture of their scripts, which attempt to imitate the spoken mode in its informal variety. In a final section, we make some concluding remarks about the findings.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.13par
Section header
13
01
Part 2. Perception and quality
10
01
JB code
btl.78.14emp
Section header
14
01
<i>Empirical approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.15ant
135
147
13
Article
15
01
The perception of dubbese: An Italian study
The
perception of dubbese: An Italian study
1
A01
Rachele Antonini
Antonini, Rachele
Rachele
Antonini
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
audiovisual translation
20
dubbese
20
e-questionnaire
20
perception
01
Every day Italian TV viewers are exposed to a vast amount of heavily mediated audiovisual texts translated into their native language which contain a wide array of references to all the specific aspects and features of the source languages and cultures. Dubbese is the hybrid language used by the Italian dubbing industry to transpose both fictional and non-fictional foreign TV and cinema productions. This paper will illustrate the results of a large scale research project based upon a corpus of over 300 hours of dubbed TV programmes which set out to assess what Italian TV viewers perceive and understand of the culture-specific references contained in dubbed filmic products<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.16buc
149
163
15
Article
16
01
Acceptance of the norm or suspension of disbelief? The case of formulaic language in dubbese
1
A01
Chiara Bucaria
Bucaria, Chiara
Chiara
Bucaria
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
dubbing
20
end-users
20
formulaic language
20
perception
01
This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating audience perception of a specific aspect of dubbing in Italy, namely the influence of source language structures and expressions on target language audiovisual texts. Viewers were first shown selected examples of Anglicisms and dubbese found in US TV programmes and were subsequently tested on their perception of such expressions, with particular focus on an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of these expressions in everyday Italian. Data collected by means of questionnaires following viewing proved that, on average, respondents found the expressions and phrases quite unlikely to occur, with the sub-sample composed of audiovisual translation (AVT) professionals indicating the lowest levels of likelihood<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.17cav
165
180
16
Article
17
01
Measuring the perception of the screen translation of <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>: A cross-cultural study
1
A01
Flavia Cavaliere
Cavaliere, Flavia
Flavia
Cavaliere
University of Naples, Italy
20
audience perception
20
culture-bound issues
20
soap opera
20
subtitling
01
This paper presents and discusses the results of a study designed to investigate to what extent the places where viewers live and the role of the national community to which they belong, interact and influence the perception of culture-bound issues in the fictional context of a famous Italian soap opera, <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>. Although deeply rooted in the Neapolitan cultural context, this programme is assiduously watched in all parts of Italy, and also translated into English. In order to measure the degree of comprehension, and consequently of appreciation, of the programme, some scenes of this soap were shown to a group of Neapolitans, a group of Milanese, and a group of Americans based in Naples who were exposed to the episode in its subtitled version. A careful analysis of data obtained through a questionnaire submitted to the three groups has shown that in <i>Un Posto al Sole </i>there is a significant residue of untranslatable culture associated with the linguistic structures of source language which is only partially conveyed, or is not conveyed at all. Our survey verifies that this affects the degree of appreciation<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.18cul
Section header
18
01
<i>Cultural and psycholinguistic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.19bia
183
195
13
Article
19
01
Taming teen-language: The adaptation of <i>Buffyspeak</i> into Italian
1
A01
Diana Bianchi
Bianchi, Diana
Diana
Bianchi
University of Perugia, Italy
20
dubbing
20
normalization
20
slang
20
teen TV
20
youth language
01
This paper examines the Italian dubbed version of the US TV series <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>, focussing in particular on the translation of the show’s idiosyncratic slang, the so-called Buffyspeak, and the representation of unconventional femininity embodied by the character of Buffy. Our analysis shows how the changes made in the adaptation radically alter two of the most debated elements of the programme: its youth language and its ‘feminist’ content, resulting in what we argue is a ‘tamer’ version of the show. We believe that linguistic and technical problems are insufficient to explain the normalisation strategies adopted throughout so other factors have been considered. In particular, we focus on current working practices in the Italian dubbing industry, the importance of clear generic labelling on TV and the difference between US and Italian teen series, all of which have been cited as elements that are likely to have affected the adaptation of the programme. Ultimately this illustrates that, when analysing dubbing for television, it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural context to understand how certain strategies are chosen and why.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.20di
197
210
14
Article
20
01
From darkness to light in subtitling
1
A01
Elena Di Giovanni
Di Giovanni, Elena
Elena
Di Giovanni
University of Macerata, Italy
20
darkness
20
film festivals
20
human rights
20
light
20
subtitling
01
This paper focuses on the status of subtitling in Italy, an activity which is often neglected by researchers as well as audiences, notwithstanding its being on the increase thanks to DVD distribution, the proliferation of satellite channels and, more significantly, of film festivals.<br />In referring to Abe Mark Nornes’ advocacy of “abusive subtitling”, this paper wishes to bring the practice of subtitling in Italy out of the darkness, shedding light on some of the most interesting opportunities it offers for the diffusion of otherwise ignored cinematic products as well as for subtitlers’ training and academic research. Drawing inspiration from the experience carried out at the Advanced School for Interpreters and Translators in Forlì, Italy, in the production of subtitles by students involved in an international film festival on human rights, this paper sets out to advocate the power of subtitling in Italy and strive to bring it out of its position of obscurity. Even though its force can still be felt on a limited scale, subtitling can go far in enhancing knowledge of extremely remote cultures and, from an academic perspective, it ought to encourage more systematic, interdisciplinary research while also contributing to students’ individual and professional growth<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.21per
211
223
13
Article
21
01
Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability
1
A01
Elisa Perego
Perego, Elisa
Elisa
Perego
University of Trieste, Italy
20
parsing
20
quality
20
reading
20
segmentation
20
subtitling
01
Psycholinguistic literature shows that reading is so highly structured and formalized as to make it a routine and automated task. So long as the syntax and lexicon of the text both remain within normal variation, the flow of reading is not interrupted. When accustomed patterns are violated, this produces an immediate and substantial increase in the level of strain placed upon the reader. This paper focuses specifically on the difficulties that film subtitle readers may encounter as a result of arbitrary line-breaks, i.e. text segmentation that does not follow the principal rules of syntax. A qualitative analysis on a varied corpus of film subtitles allowed us to identify instances of arbitrary line-breaks, to comment on them and to formulate hypotheses concerning possible ways to resolve such issues by employing a more suitable target-oriented subtitle layout.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.22soc
Section header
22
01
<i>Socio-economic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.23val
227
240
14
Article
23
01
The localization of promotional discourse on the internet
The
localization of promotional discourse on the internet
1
A01
Cristina Valdés
Valdés, Cristina
Cristina
Valdés
University of Oviedo, Spain
20
discourse
20
hyptertext
20
Localization
20
multimedia translation
20
promotion
20
reception
01
The localization of promotional discourse on the Internet offers an interesting case for study as it entails many of the challenges translation studies are facing nowadays and, most particularly, multimedia translation. The paper is divided in three parts; the first will deal with a description of the main features of promotional discourse with particular reference to web promotion. The second part will examine the several possibilities that the Internet offers as a medium for promotion in terms of its impact, the changes it is bringing about in terms of reception and reading modes and the linguistic implications which derive from its worldwide use. Thirdly, the discourse elements of website texts as well as other considerations about the medium are discussed when focusing on the description of translation strategies in promotional material on the Internet. Finally, the conclusion will highlight some of the needs and shortcomings entailed by this kind of translation which still raises and requires further research<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.24chi
241
256
16
Article
24
01
Issues of quality in screen translation: Problems and solutions
1
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
audience satisfaction
20
credence attributes
20
Kano Model
20
quality
20
screen translation
01
Scholarly debate in screen translation (ST) regarding quality issues often hinges on the complexity of specifying quality standards for such a heterogeneous market in terms of typology of translation (i.e. dubbing, subtitling, voice-over etc.) and the wide range of credence attributes which might contribute to the creation of quality standards for these products. Moreover, the situation is further complicated by the issue of “Quality according to whom?”: operators; service providers; end users, or all three? However complicated these problems may seem, this paper attempts to look for answers. Total Quality Management (TQM) and attribute-based approaches already widely used to measure customer satisfaction in media studies will be put forward as tentative instruments to determine quality in ST.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.25ref
257
283
27
Miscellaneous
25
01
References
10
01
JB code
btl.78.26fil
285
287
3
Miscellaneous
26
01
Filmography
10
01
JB code
btl.78.27ind
289
292
4
Miscellaneous
27
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20080814
2008
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027216878
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
687007043
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
BTL 78 Hb
15
9789027216878
13
2008011906
BB
01
BTL
02
0929-7316
Benjamins Translation Library
78
01
Between Text and Image
Updating research in screen translation
01
btl.78
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.78
1
B01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
2
B01
Christine Heiss
Heiss, Christine
Christine
Heiss
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
3
B01
Chiara Bucaria
Bucaria, Chiara
Chiara
Bucaria
Alma mater studiorum, University of Bologna at Forlì
01
eng
304
x
292
LAN023000
v.2006
CFP
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
Over the past decade interest in research on screen translation has increased sharply while at the same time fast moving technological breakthroughs are continually modifying and renewing both products and well-established methods of linguistic mediation. Thus, as more scholars choose to devote their energies to investigating this multi-faceted field, there is an ever-growing need to map out where the discipline stands and where it is going in terms of research.<br />This book sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and at the same time to underscore the work of scholars following new paths of investigation both in terms of innovative linguistic mediations being examined and pioneering experimental design. <br />The volume includes descriptions of sophisticated electronic databases and corpora of audiovisual products for the big and small screen, and the rationale behind them, e.g. how they are created and programmed for querying; technical limitations; homogeneity in querying languages. Furthermore, <i>Between Text and Image</i> also includes a number of cutting edge studies in audience perception of audiovisual products, i.e. empirically based viewer centred studies which are still rare yet essential if we wish to gain a thorough understanding of the field. <br />Finally, the volume does not fail to ignore examples of original research carried out from both a traditional linguistic viewpoint and from a more cultural perspective.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.78.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216878.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027216878.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.78.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.78.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.78.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.78.hb.png
10
01
JB code
btl.78.01pre
vii
x
4
Miscellaneous
1
01
Preface
10
01
JB code
btl.78.02dia
1
9
9
Article
2
01
Introduction: Audiovisual translation comes of age
1
A01
Jorge Díaz-Cintas
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge
Jorge
Díaz-Cintas
10
01
JB code
btl.78.03gam
11
33
23
Article
3
01
Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research
1
A01
Yves Gambier
Gambier, Yves
Yves
Gambier
University of Turku, Finland
20
accessibility
20
AVT modality
20
digitization
20
reception
20
subtitling
01
The paper is organized into two main parts: (i) an overview of background research topics in the field of Audiovisual Translation studies (AVT), which allow us to clearly delimit the main research trends which have emerged in the last decade, along with their repercussions, limits, and conceptual and methodological gaps; (ii) a prospective discussion combining Audiovisual Translation together with some specific trends in Translation Studies, which will force us to (re)view some key concepts such as text, accessibility, norm, and so on. Finally, we further investigate factors and conditions that may help define new research paths
10
01
JB code
btl.78.04par
Section header
4
01
Part 1. Electronic databases and corpora
10
01
JB code
btl.78.05ict
Section header
5
01
<i>ICT approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.06val
37
50
14
Article
6
01
Forlixt 1 – The Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring macrostructures
1
A01
Cristina Valentini
Valentini, Cristina
Cristina
Valentini
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
contrastive studies
20
corpus linguistics
20
dubbing
20
empirical research
20
multimedia database
01
Forlixt 1 (Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation) is an ongoing project of the University
of Bologna’s Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in Translation, Languages and
Culture, for the collection and study of data pertaining to film translation. After a
brief summary of the main characteristics of the data base tools and of the ways data
can be retrieved, the problem of a necessary methodological refinement will be tackled.
In particular, the present contribution will aim to define a methodology for the
comparison of original and dubbed versions of <i>Italian</i> and German films, through
statistical analysis and discussion of macrostructures pertaining to peculiar linguistic
and communicative occurrences. This will eventually help make the case for emphasizing
the difference and higher reliability of such an approach compared to simple case
studies.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.07hei
51
62
12
Article
7
01
Forlixt 1 – The Forlì Corpus of Screen Translation: Exploring microstructures
1
A01
Christine Heiss
Heiss, Christine
Christine
Heiss
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
2
A01
Marcello Soffritti
Soffritti, Marcello
Marcello
Soffritti
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
contrastive linguistics
20
corpus tagging
20
multimedia data bases
20
query interfaces
20
screen translation
01
This paper will complete and conclude the Forlixt presentation, linking with that of Cristina Valentini in this volume. In a bank of multimodal and multilingual data about film dialogues the methodology for extracting and analyzing data differs fundamentally from the approaches which have to date been applied to corpora of written texts. In addition to the methods and examples used for a macrostructural analysis which Valentini’s paper has already stressed, we show all the aspects of research that are possible on a microstructural level through a complex system of tagging which can be combined with a free text search. In particular, the potential for microstructural analysis is fully apparent when linguistic information is linked with iconic, aural and situational details accessible from video clips. We will thus present an analysis (contrasting Italian with German) which relates to a discourse element closely connected with the pragmatic aspect of communication in diverse situations. The different stages of analysis have the aim not only of broadening knowledge about one specific case, but chiefly to illustrate one of a number of possible ways in which dialogue can be studied. As well as indicating differences and similarities between the linguistic and pragmatic structure of the two languages, the system allows for a focus on all the problems that characterize the strategies for translations and adaptations. Finally, we will also give examples of how to seek out clues, on a diachronic level, about the appearance and disappearance of linguistic phenomena, which may at the same time refer back to semiotic codes according to the relative social and ethnocultural context<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.08mat
63
75
13
Article
8
01
New tools for translators: INTCA, an electronic dictionary of interjections
1
A01
Anna Matamala
Matamala, Anna
Anna
Matamala
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain
2
A01
Mercè Lorente
Lorente, Mercè
Mercè
Lorente
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain
20
audiovisual translation
20
corpus linguistics
20
electronic lexicography
01
This paper presents INTCA (Interjeccions Català-Anglès, i.e. Interjections Catalan-English), a prototype for an electronic dictionary of interjections in English and Catalan, aimed at the needs of language professionals in general and audiovisual translators in particular. This proposal is based on a theoretical framework developed by Cuenca (2004), who includes cognitive postulates to define interjections. The audiovisual corpus used for the analysis of interjections and the collection of lexicographical data for the prototype are also described.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.09lin
Section header
9
01
<i>Linguistic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.10pav
79
99
21
Article
10
01
Spoken language in film dubbing: Target language norms, interference and translational routines
1
A01
Maria Pavesi
Pavesi, Maria
Maria
Pavesi
University of Pavia, Italy
20
interference
20
routines
20
spoken language
20
target language norms
01
One main feature which distinguishes film translation from other translation types is the need to produce a text which quite closely mimics spoken language. To which degree this is achieved and, more feasibly, which features are involved in doing so deserve in-depth investigation. Taking a small corpus of American and British films translated into Italian, a quantitative analysis of selected instances of spoken Italian associated with the constraints and situational factors of faceto-face communication has been carried out. The results suggest that major syntactic features of spontaneous spoken Italian tend at present to be reproduced in Italian film dubbing from English, with some features being systematically chosen as privileged carriers of orality. At least in some language areas and in the period investigated, dubbed language appears to result from the interaction of target language norms, which play the most significant role, source language interference, to a restricted extent, and formulaic language, a feature that has been widely recognized as typical of the language of audiovisual translation<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.11ped
101
115
15
Article
11
01
High felicity: A speech act approach to quality assessment in subtitling
1
A01
Jan Pedersen
Pedersen, Jan
Jan
Pedersen
Stockholm University, Sweden
20
culture
20
illocutionary points
20
quality assessment
20
speech act theory
20
subtitling
01
This paper contains some thoughts on how an approach based on speech act theory can be used for quality assessment in subtitling. It is assumed here that subtitling is a pragmatic form of translation and that it might be more felicitous to give a speaker’s primary illocutionary point (what is meant to get across) precedence over what is actually said, if there is a conflict. Analyses of subtitled utterances containing Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) illustrate the approach, showing that there is a difference in kind between more or less felicitous translations and translation errors. By considering the sender’s primary illocutionary point first, a felicitous subtitle is faithful to the original message, despite the media-specific constraints, while giving the viewer/reader guidance to access the message. In this way, high fidelity is achieved through high felicity<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.12val
117
132
16
Article
12
01
Inserts in modern script-writing and their translation into Spanish
1
A01
Roberto A. Valdeón
Valdeón, Roberto A.
Roberto A.
Valdeón
University of Oviedo, Spain
20
conversational mode
20
inserts
20
screen translation
01
In this paper we study the translation of six types of inserts (Biber et al. 1999: 1082ff); namely peripheral elements to the clause structure, traditionally regarded as secondary in descriptive grammars and which have received the attention of corpus linguists in recent years. Interjections, greetings and farewells, attention signals, hesitators, polite formulae, and discourse markers will be covered. After a short introduction on the relevance of these elements within spoken English, we proceed to analyze the translational strategies used in the Spanish versions of the British films ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral’, ‘Bridget Jones’ Diary’ and ‘Notting Hill’ selected for the study because of the contemporary texture of their scripts, which attempt to imitate the spoken mode in its informal variety. In a final section, we make some concluding remarks about the findings.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.13par
Section header
13
01
Part 2. Perception and quality
10
01
JB code
btl.78.14emp
Section header
14
01
<i>Empirical approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.15ant
135
147
13
Article
15
01
The perception of dubbese: An Italian study
The
perception of dubbese: An Italian study
1
A01
Rachele Antonini
Antonini, Rachele
Rachele
Antonini
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
audiovisual translation
20
dubbese
20
e-questionnaire
20
perception
01
Every day Italian TV viewers are exposed to a vast amount of heavily mediated audiovisual texts translated into their native language which contain a wide array of references to all the specific aspects and features of the source languages and cultures. Dubbese is the hybrid language used by the Italian dubbing industry to transpose both fictional and non-fictional foreign TV and cinema productions. This paper will illustrate the results of a large scale research project based upon a corpus of over 300 hours of dubbed TV programmes which set out to assess what Italian TV viewers perceive and understand of the culture-specific references contained in dubbed filmic products<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.16buc
149
163
15
Article
16
01
Acceptance of the norm or suspension of disbelief? The case of formulaic language in dubbese
1
A01
Chiara Bucaria
Bucaria, Chiara
Chiara
Bucaria
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
dubbing
20
end-users
20
formulaic language
20
perception
01
This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating audience perception of a specific aspect of dubbing in Italy, namely the influence of source language structures and expressions on target language audiovisual texts. Viewers were first shown selected examples of Anglicisms and dubbese found in US TV programmes and were subsequently tested on their perception of such expressions, with particular focus on an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of these expressions in everyday Italian. Data collected by means of questionnaires following viewing proved that, on average, respondents found the expressions and phrases quite unlikely to occur, with the sub-sample composed of audiovisual translation (AVT) professionals indicating the lowest levels of likelihood<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.17cav
165
180
16
Article
17
01
Measuring the perception of the screen translation of <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>: A cross-cultural study
1
A01
Flavia Cavaliere
Cavaliere, Flavia
Flavia
Cavaliere
University of Naples, Italy
20
audience perception
20
culture-bound issues
20
soap opera
20
subtitling
01
This paper presents and discusses the results of a study designed to investigate to what extent the places where viewers live and the role of the national community to which they belong, interact and influence the perception of culture-bound issues in the fictional context of a famous Italian soap opera, <i>Un Posto al Sole</i>. Although deeply rooted in the Neapolitan cultural context, this programme is assiduously watched in all parts of Italy, and also translated into English. In order to measure the degree of comprehension, and consequently of appreciation, of the programme, some scenes of this soap were shown to a group of Neapolitans, a group of Milanese, and a group of Americans based in Naples who were exposed to the episode in its subtitled version. A careful analysis of data obtained through a questionnaire submitted to the three groups has shown that in <i>Un Posto al Sole </i>there is a significant residue of untranslatable culture associated with the linguistic structures of source language which is only partially conveyed, or is not conveyed at all. Our survey verifies that this affects the degree of appreciation<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.18cul
Section header
18
01
<i>Cultural and psycholinguistic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.19bia
183
195
13
Article
19
01
Taming teen-language: The adaptation of <i>Buffyspeak</i> into Italian
1
A01
Diana Bianchi
Bianchi, Diana
Diana
Bianchi
University of Perugia, Italy
20
dubbing
20
normalization
20
slang
20
teen TV
20
youth language
01
This paper examines the Italian dubbed version of the US TV series <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>, focussing in particular on the translation of the show’s idiosyncratic slang, the so-called Buffyspeak, and the representation of unconventional femininity embodied by the character of Buffy. Our analysis shows how the changes made in the adaptation radically alter two of the most debated elements of the programme: its youth language and its ‘feminist’ content, resulting in what we argue is a ‘tamer’ version of the show. We believe that linguistic and technical problems are insufficient to explain the normalisation strategies adopted throughout so other factors have been considered. In particular, we focus on current working practices in the Italian dubbing industry, the importance of clear generic labelling on TV and the difference between US and Italian teen series, all of which have been cited as elements that are likely to have affected the adaptation of the programme. Ultimately this illustrates that, when analysing dubbing for television, it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural context to understand how certain strategies are chosen and why.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.20di
197
210
14
Article
20
01
From darkness to light in subtitling
1
A01
Elena Di Giovanni
Di Giovanni, Elena
Elena
Di Giovanni
University of Macerata, Italy
20
darkness
20
film festivals
20
human rights
20
light
20
subtitling
01
This paper focuses on the status of subtitling in Italy, an activity which is often neglected by researchers as well as audiences, notwithstanding its being on the increase thanks to DVD distribution, the proliferation of satellite channels and, more significantly, of film festivals.<br />In referring to Abe Mark Nornes’ advocacy of “abusive subtitling”, this paper wishes to bring the practice of subtitling in Italy out of the darkness, shedding light on some of the most interesting opportunities it offers for the diffusion of otherwise ignored cinematic products as well as for subtitlers’ training and academic research. Drawing inspiration from the experience carried out at the Advanced School for Interpreters and Translators in Forlì, Italy, in the production of subtitles by students involved in an international film festival on human rights, this paper sets out to advocate the power of subtitling in Italy and strive to bring it out of its position of obscurity. Even though its force can still be felt on a limited scale, subtitling can go far in enhancing knowledge of extremely remote cultures and, from an academic perspective, it ought to encourage more systematic, interdisciplinary research while also contributing to students’ individual and professional growth<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.21per
211
223
13
Article
21
01
Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability
1
A01
Elisa Perego
Perego, Elisa
Elisa
Perego
University of Trieste, Italy
20
parsing
20
quality
20
reading
20
segmentation
20
subtitling
01
Psycholinguistic literature shows that reading is so highly structured and formalized as to make it a routine and automated task. So long as the syntax and lexicon of the text both remain within normal variation, the flow of reading is not interrupted. When accustomed patterns are violated, this produces an immediate and substantial increase in the level of strain placed upon the reader. This paper focuses specifically on the difficulties that film subtitle readers may encounter as a result of arbitrary line-breaks, i.e. text segmentation that does not follow the principal rules of syntax. A qualitative analysis on a varied corpus of film subtitles allowed us to identify instances of arbitrary line-breaks, to comment on them and to formulate hypotheses concerning possible ways to resolve such issues by employing a more suitable target-oriented subtitle layout.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.22soc
Section header
22
01
<i>Socio-economic approaches</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.23val
227
240
14
Article
23
01
The localization of promotional discourse on the internet
The
localization of promotional discourse on the internet
1
A01
Cristina Valdés
Valdés, Cristina
Cristina
Valdés
University of Oviedo, Spain
20
discourse
20
hyptertext
20
Localization
20
multimedia translation
20
promotion
20
reception
01
The localization of promotional discourse on the Internet offers an interesting case for study as it entails many of the challenges translation studies are facing nowadays and, most particularly, multimedia translation. The paper is divided in three parts; the first will deal with a description of the main features of promotional discourse with particular reference to web promotion. The second part will examine the several possibilities that the Internet offers as a medium for promotion in terms of its impact, the changes it is bringing about in terms of reception and reading modes and the linguistic implications which derive from its worldwide use. Thirdly, the discourse elements of website texts as well as other considerations about the medium are discussed when focusing on the description of translation strategies in promotional material on the Internet. Finally, the conclusion will highlight some of the needs and shortcomings entailed by this kind of translation which still raises and requires further research<i>.</i>
10
01
JB code
btl.78.24chi
241
256
16
Article
24
01
Issues of quality in screen translation: Problems and solutions
1
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy
20
audience satisfaction
20
credence attributes
20
Kano Model
20
quality
20
screen translation
01
Scholarly debate in screen translation (ST) regarding quality issues often hinges on the complexity of specifying quality standards for such a heterogeneous market in terms of typology of translation (i.e. dubbing, subtitling, voice-over etc.) and the wide range of credence attributes which might contribute to the creation of quality standards for these products. Moreover, the situation is further complicated by the issue of “Quality according to whom?”: operators; service providers; end users, or all three? However complicated these problems may seem, this paper attempts to look for answers. Total Quality Management (TQM) and attribute-based approaches already widely used to measure customer satisfaction in media studies will be put forward as tentative instruments to determine quality in ST.
10
01
JB code
btl.78.25ref
257
283
27
Miscellaneous
25
01
References
10
01
JB code
btl.78.26fil
285
287
3
Miscellaneous
26
01
Filmography
10
01
JB code
btl.78.27ind
289
292
4
Miscellaneous
27
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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20080814
2008
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10
bebc
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GB
21
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John Benjamins North America
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