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7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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201707062310
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
885007293
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
BTL 80 Eb
15
9789027291080
06
10.1075/btl.80
13
2008035789
DG
002
02
01
BTL
02
0929-7316
Benjamins Translation Library
80
01
Efforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research
A tribute to Daniel Gile
01
btl.80
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.80
1
B01
Gyde Hansen
Hansen, Gyde
Gyde
Hansen
Copenhagen Business School
2
B01
Andrew Chesterman
Chesterman, Andrew
Andrew
Chesterman
University of Helsinki
3
B01
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Heidrun
Heidrun
Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Universität des Saarlandes
01
eng
315
ix
302
LAN023000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.INTERP
Interpreting
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
This volume covers a wide range of topics in Interpreting and Translation Research. Some deal with scientometrics and the history of Interpreting Studies, arguments about conceptual analysis, meta-language and interpreters’ risk-taking strategies. Other papers are on research skills like career management, writing communicative abstracts and the practicalities of survey research. Several contributions address empirical issues such as expertise in Simultaneous Interpreting, the cognitive load imposed on interpreters by a non-native accent, the impact of intonation on interpreting quality, linguistic interference in Simultaneous Interpreting, similarities between translation and interpreting, and the relation between translation competence and revision competence. <br /> The collection is a tribute to Daniel Gile, in appreciation of his creativity and his commitment to interpreting and translation research. All the contributions in some way show his influence or are related to the models and research he has shaped.
05
The volume [...] provides valuable insights into interpreting and translation research which makes it both relevant and interesting to researchers of translation and interpreting as well as to teachers, students and professionals.
Bente Jacobsen, in Hermes, no. 44-2010
05
[...] the diversity of approaches quite accurately reflects the current situation in TS and of IS within it. And it also indirectly reflects the breadth of the professional and research activities of Daniel Gile. [...] The volume definitely deserves to be read and used, in research and in research training; the emperical studies reported merit being enlarged by their authors and replicated by others.
Birgitta Englund Dimitrova, in Interpreting, Vol. 12:2 (2010)
05
As the title suggests, the book covers a wide range of topics in both translation and interpreting describing Gile’s resonance in the field and relating current studies to his work. [...] The book is a worthwhile companion to everyone who either plans to do research in T/I Studies or wants to widen their view on how to do it. They can find information about research skills and how the academic world works, experience about different research designs and models for analysis, and a useful introduction to Interpreting Studies.
Maija Hirvonen, University of Tampere, Finland, in The Journal of Specialised Translation. Issue 14 - July 2010
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.80.png
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216892.jpg
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09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.80.hb.png
10
01
JB code
btl.80.01pre
vii
ix
3
Miscellaneous
1
01
Preface
10
01
JB code
btl.80.02sci
Section header
2
01
Scientometrics and history
10
01
JB code
btl.80.03grb
3
24
22
Article
3
01
An author-centred scientometric analysis of Daniel Gile's œuvre
An
author-centred scientometric analysis of Daniel Gile's œuvre
1
A01
Nadja Grbić
Grbić, Nadja
Nadja
Grbić
University of Graz, Austria
2
A01
Sonja Pöllabauer
Pöllabauer, Sonja
Sonja
Pöllabauer
University of Graz, Austria
20
citation analysis
20
Interpreting Studies
20
keyword analysis
20
network analysis
20
scientometrics
01
The article begins with a quantitative scientometric study of Daniel Gile’s published writings. The study focuses on the diachronic development of Gile’s writings and several other aspects of his scientific oeuvre such as types of publications; languages of publication; media of publication; topics; and co-authorships. The co-authorship data are then displayed by means of a coauthorship network and discussed within the framework of network analysis. In addition, a brief keyword analysis of the titles of the publications provides a first glimpse into the range of topics which are tackled in Daniel Gile’s publications. The paper then goes on to deepen the insights gleaned from the scientometric study in an analysis of citations of Gile’s writings by other authors. The citation analysis represents a first attempt to investigate Gile’s “impact” on the scientific community, even though it is inherent to the nature of citation analysis that the data obtained by such an approach can never be complete. We think that all three approaches can provide interesting insights into Gile’s oeuvre. Owing to his pioneering publications on scientometrics and citation analysis, Daniel Gile strikes us as a perfect “candidate” for such an author-centred scientometric approach.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.04poc
25
46
22
Article
4
01
The turns of Interpreting Studies
The
turns of Interpreting Studies
1
A01
Franz Pöchhacker
Pöchhacker, Franz
Franz
Pöchhacker
University of Vienna, Austria
20
empirical turn
20
Interpreting Studies
20
paradigms
20
qualitative turn
20
shifts
20
social turn
20
tradition
01
Borrowing from the title as well as relevant contents of Mary Snell-Hornby’s latest book on Translation Studies, this paper reviews the development of Interpreting Studies as an academic (sub)discipline and examines it for shifts and milestones that might qualify as “turns” while probing the conceptual content of this popular label. In analogy to Snell-Hornby’s attribution of the roles of precursor, pioneer, master and disciple to those creating and working within a particular “tradition”, this metascientific scheme is applied to the development of interpreting research since the 1950s, with Daniel Gile portrayed as the tradition’s master. Engaging with his groundbreaking historiography, the well-known four-period classification is extended, with particular emphasis on developments since the mid-1990s and newly influential memes and methods as well as disciplinary sources. The notion of “paradigm” is then taken up to discuss various research traditions in the discipline, viewing shifts from one paradigm to another as the “turns” at issue in this paper. Under this heading, the “social turn” and the “qualitative turn” in Interpreting Studies are discussed in terms of their theoretical, methodological and epistemological implications.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.05con
Section header
5
01
Conceptual analysis
10
01
JB code
btl.80.06che
49
61
13
Article
6
01
The status of interpretive hypotheses
The
status of interpretive hypotheses
1
A01
Andrew Chesterman
Chesterman, Andrew
Andrew
Chesterman
University of Helsinki, Finland
20
hermeneutics
20
hypothesis
20
meaning
20
method
01
In the natural sciences, the task of the researcher is usually seen as the generation and testing of hypotheses. These hypotheses are taken to be possible answers to questions concerning the description, prediction, and explanation of natural phenomena. But there is also another kind of hypothesis, an interpretive hypothesis. The status of interpretive hypotheses is not as clear as that of descriptive, predictive or explanatory ones. This paper aims to clarify this status, showing the respects in which interpretive hypotheses are like other kinds, and the respects in which they are different. Hermeneutic research methods based on the generation and testing of interpretive hypotheses do not seem fundamentally different from those of traditional empirical sciences. Interpretive hypotheses simply apply to different kinds of data. They can be particularly relevant to the research goal of explanation.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.07gam
63
82
20
Article
7
01
Stratégies et tactiques en traduction et interprétation
1
A01
Yves Gambier
Gambier, Yves
Yves
Gambier
Université de Turku, Finlande
20
cultural references
20
strategy
20
tactic
20
taxonomy
20
translation problem
01
Translation Studies (TS) has borrowed and still borrows concepts from different disciplines. These loan words do not yet comprise a coherent system, hence the weakness of our metalanguage. The paper deals with the concept of strategy and its various terms, as used in the literature on translation and interpreting. To what extent do the different classifications overlap? Do translation and interpreting scholars define and apply similar types of strategies? I argue that we need the notion of tactics as well as that of strategy in order to better explain what is going on in translating and interpreting. The paper compares statements and claims by different authors, with the aim of strengthening the terminology of TS.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.08pym
83
105
23
Article
8
01
On omission in simultaneous interpreting: Risk analysis of a hidden effort
1
A01
Anthony Pym
Pym, Anthony
Anthony
Pym
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
20
communication strategies
20
conference interpreting
20
Interpreting Studies
20
omission
20
risk analysis
20
Translation Studies
01
One of the long-standing debates in studies on simultaneous interpreting would pit “contextualists”, who see interpreters’ performances as being conditioned by contextual determinants, against “cognitivists”, who analyze performances in terms of cognitive constraints that would be the same for all professionals, regardless of context. Gile’s Effort Models would seem to be very much in the cognitive camp. However, modeling of the resources used when interpreters make omissions suggests that cognitive management may actively respond to contextual factors such as the aims of the discourse, the strategies of the speakers, and the variable risks of the text items. Analysis of the data from one of Gile’s experiments indicates that the cognitive management of omissions is indeed highly variable. Omissions that are low-risk for the aims of the discourse occur in a constant background mode, almost without sourcetext stimuli, such that in repeat performances they are found with similar frequency but in different places. On the other hand, omissions that incur high levels of risk tend to be repaired in repeat performance. This suggests that simultaneous interpreters strive for non-omission only in the case of high-risk contextualization. Further, since their management skills must incorporate enough contextualization for the necessary risk analysis to take place, the cognitive strategies of interpreters should be modeled in the same terms as those of all other linguistic mediators.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.09res
Section header
9
01
Research skills
10
01
JB code
btl.80.10sch
109
126
18
Article
10
01
Doctoral training programmes: Research skills for the discipline or career management skills?
1
A01
Christina Schäffner
Schäffner, Christina
Christina
Schäffner
Aston University, Birmingham, England
20
career management
20
doctoral training programmes
20
research management
20
skills requirements for doctoral students
01
As for any academic discipline, the future of Translation Studies depends on new generations of researchers. But new researchers need to have knowledge in their discipline and also competence in research skills. This paper addresses the issue of skills training for doctoral students, mainly from the perspective of the United Kingdom. UK Research Councils expect doctoral students to be able to demonstrate research skills and techniques specific to their topic, but they also expect them to understand research funding procedures and to manage their career progression. The paper explores the extent to which such a complex set of skills can be achieved effectively in a doctoral training programme.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.11ger
127
141
15
Article
11
01
Getting started: Writing communicative abstracts
1
A01
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Heidrun
Heidrun
Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Saarland University, Germany
20
abstracts
20
communicative meanings
20
PhD training
20
research papers
01
The article relates to a PhD School which Daniel Gile and I jointly taught within the framework of a European <i>Marie Curie </i>PhD training program on critical reading and writing of research papers on 29th April 2007 in Vienna. It presents an overview of formulae for writing abstracts as a basic research skill for young researchers when “getting started” in research, as they are offered by standardization institutes, universities and conference conveners. Reflecting Daniel Gile’s comments on the topic, it is suggested that writing abstracts for conferences needs to take into account more than just the factual dimension. On the basis of Schulz von Thun’s communication model (1981) several interrelated dimensions of writing abstracts for conferences are discussed and exemplified.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.12mos
143
156
14
Article
12
01
Construct-ing quality
1
A01
Barbara Moser-Mercer
Moser-Mercer, Barbara
Barbara
Moser-Mercer
Ecole de traduction et d’interprétation, Université de Genève, Switzerland
20
interpreting quality
20
questionnaire design
20
research methodology
01
There is a large body of research devoted to exploring quality in interpreting and various authors have identified survey methodology as one of the most frequently applied to this line of research. However, this line of research lacks fundamental and principled guidance regarding survey methodology, in spite of a fairly rich literature on survey design. This paper attempts to remedy this by developing a succinct, yet comprehensive guide to questionnaire design for quality research in interpreting, covering important concepts such as validity, reliability, construct design and ethical dimensions.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.13emp
Section header
13
01
Empirical studies
10
01
JB code
btl.80.14liu
159
177
19
Article
14
01
How do experts interpret? Implications from research in Interpreting Studies and cognitive science
1
A01
Minhua Liu
Liu, Minhua
Minhua
Liu
Fu Jen University, Taiwan
20
attention
20
expert
20
expertise
20
novice
20
simultaneous interpreting
01
In this article, expertise in simultaneous interpreting is defined as the result of well-practiced strategies in each of the comprehension, translation, and production processes, and the interaction among these processes, which are specific to the needs of the task of simultaneous interpreting. What allows the interaction among the comprehension, translation, and production processes to act in sync is interpreters’ ability to manage their mental resources in an efficient manner, particularly in the way attention is managed. Expert-novice difference is examined by comparing skills and sub-skills, by analyzing the cognitive abilities underlying the act of simultaneous interpreting, and by providing evidence and counter-evidence from Interpreting Studies and cognitive science.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.15kur
179
192
14
Article
15
01
The impact of non-native English on students' interpreting performance
The
impact of non-native English on students' interpreting performance
1
A01
Ingrid Kurz
Kurz, Ingrid
Ingrid
Kurz
University of Vienna, Austria
20
listening and analysis effort
20
non-native accent
20
processing capacity
20
resource management and allocation
01
English has become the world’s <i>lingua franca </i>and dominant conference language. Consequently, interpreters are increasingly confronted with nonnative speakers whose pronunciation differs from Standard English. Non-native source texts which deviate from familiar acoustic-phonetic patterns make perception more difficult for the interpreter, who, according to Gile’s Effort Models, is forced to devote a considerable part of his processing to the <i>Listening and Analysis Effort</i>. For students and novices in the interpreting profession such situations are particularly difficult to cope with. The paper describes some of the major findings of a study carried out by Dominika Kodrnja (2001) as a diploma thesis under the author’s supervision to demonstrate the detrimental effect of a strong non-native accent on students’ interpreting performance.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.16ais
193
214
22
Article
16
01
Evaluación de la calidad en interpretación simultánea: Contrastes de exposición e inferencias emocionales. Evaluación de la evaluación
1
A01
Ángela Collados Aís
Aís, Ángela Collados
Ángela Collados
Aís
Universidad de Granada, España
20
discussion groups
20
experimental study
20
focused interviews
20
quality assessment
20
Simultaneous interpretation
01
This article describes an experimental study which measured the extent to which the monotonous intonation of an interpreter can cause receivers to negatively evaluate the resulting interpretation, particularly when compared to the non-monotonous interpretation of another interpreter. In addition, the study analyses the emotional inferences made by the receivers of the monotonous intonation, and its effect on their assessment of the interpretation. The article also describes the results of various discussion groups and focused interviews which formed part of the study. This type of qualitative research methodology was found to provide a better explanation of certain aspects of the complex assessment process and to offer a more accurate insight into the way receivers evaluate simultaneous interpretations.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.17lam
215
236
22
Article
17
01
Linguistic interference in simultaneous interpreting with text: A case study
1
A01
Heike Lamberger-Felber
Lamberger-Felber, Heike
Heike
Lamberger-Felber
University of Graz, Austria
2
A01
Julia Schneider
Schneider, Julia
Julia
Schneider
University of Graz, Austria
20
interference
20
performance variability in SI
20
SI with text
20
simultaneous interpreting
01
Linguistic interference in simultaneous interpreting is among those phenomena that many authors have written about, while few have actually investigated it. Following Daniel Gile’s request for more empirical data, the authors have tried to analyse frequency and types of interference in a corpus of 36 interpretations by twelve professional conference interpreters. Results indicate the high incidence of interference (INT) in professional interpreters’ output as well as the high variability in both frequency and type of INT among the subjects. The lack of correlations between INT and other investigated parameters seems to indicate a certain independence of INT from other output parameters (e.g. semantic deviations).
10
01
JB code
btl.80.18shl
237
253
17
Article
18
01
Towards a definition of Interpretese: An intermodal, corpus-based study
1
A01
Miriam Shlesinger
Shlesinger, Miriam
Miriam
Shlesinger
†
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
20
comparable corpora
20
corpus-based translation studies
20
Hebrew
20
intermodal
20
modality
20
tagger
01
Apart from its contribution to the analysis of translated discourse as such, corpus-based translation studies has often involved the comparison of translated corpora and comparable originals, in an attempt to isolate the features that typify translations, whether globally or in a more restricted set. The study reported here applied a similar methodology to the analysis of interpreted discourse, comparing it not to non-interpreted (spontaneous, original) spoken discourse but to its written (translated) counterpart. A computerized analysis of the interpreted outputs of six professional translator-interpreters rendering the same text from their second to their first language in both modalities revealed a set of marked differences between them in terms of richness (type-token ratio), and of a range of lexico-grammatical features. Despite its drawbacks in terms of ecological validity, the methodology used in this study is seen as a tool for extrapolating a set of stylistic and pragmatic features of interpreted – as opposed to translated – outputs, and may constitute an extension of the range of the paradigms available to corpus-based translation studies. A statistical analysis of the morphological data generated pointed to salient differences between the two corpora, and it is these differences that are at the core of the present study. The methodological implications and possible extensions are also discussed below.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.19han
255
280
26
Article
19
01
The speck in your brother's eye – the beam in your own: Quality management in translation and revision
The
speck in your brother's eye – the beam in your own: Quality management in translation and revision
1
A01
Gyde Hansen
Hansen, Gyde
Gyde
Hansen
Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Denmark
20
experience
20
longitudinal study
20
professional translation
20
quality
20
revision competence
20
revision training
01
Global and national changes have resulted in new requirements for quality management and quality control in translation. International standards like the recent European Quality Standard for Translation Services, EN 15038 (2006), have been developed in order to give clients an assurance that they are receiving high-quality translation work. According to some of these standards, target texts have to be revised at least twice or, ideally, three times by others than the translator him/herself. Revision and revision processes have also come more into focus in TS research. According to Gile (2005), who has developed a mathematical formula that defines quality as the balanced sum of quality parameters, revision tasks are usually carried out by experienced translators. In two empirical longitudinal studies at CBS, the relation between translation competence and revision competence of students and professional translators was investigated. The question posed was: “are the good translators also the good revisers?” In this article, quality parameters and revision processes are described and shown in models. The question is raised whether it would be an advantage to establish special training in revision, parallel to the translator training.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.20pub
281
294
14
Miscellaneous
20
01
Publications by Daniel Gile
10
01
JB code
btl.80.21nam
295
297
3
Miscellaneous
21
01
Name index
10
01
JB code
btl.80.22sub
299
302
4
Miscellaneous
22
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20090105
2008
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027216892
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
95.00
EUR
R
01
00
80.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
143.00
USD
S
659007292
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
BTL 80 Hb
15
9789027216892
13
2008035789
BB
01
BTL
02
0929-7316
Benjamins Translation Library
80
01
Efforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research
A tribute to Daniel Gile
01
btl.80
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.80
1
B01
Gyde Hansen
Hansen, Gyde
Gyde
Hansen
Copenhagen Business School
2
B01
Andrew Chesterman
Chesterman, Andrew
Andrew
Chesterman
University of Helsinki
3
B01
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Heidrun
Heidrun
Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Universität des Saarlandes
01
eng
315
ix
302
LAN023000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.INTERP
Interpreting
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
This volume covers a wide range of topics in Interpreting and Translation Research. Some deal with scientometrics and the history of Interpreting Studies, arguments about conceptual analysis, meta-language and interpreters’ risk-taking strategies. Other papers are on research skills like career management, writing communicative abstracts and the practicalities of survey research. Several contributions address empirical issues such as expertise in Simultaneous Interpreting, the cognitive load imposed on interpreters by a non-native accent, the impact of intonation on interpreting quality, linguistic interference in Simultaneous Interpreting, similarities between translation and interpreting, and the relation between translation competence and revision competence. <br /> The collection is a tribute to Daniel Gile, in appreciation of his creativity and his commitment to interpreting and translation research. All the contributions in some way show his influence or are related to the models and research he has shaped.
05
The volume [...] provides valuable insights into interpreting and translation research which makes it both relevant and interesting to researchers of translation and interpreting as well as to teachers, students and professionals.
Bente Jacobsen, in Hermes, no. 44-2010
05
[...] the diversity of approaches quite accurately reflects the current situation in TS and of IS within it. And it also indirectly reflects the breadth of the professional and research activities of Daniel Gile. [...] The volume definitely deserves to be read and used, in research and in research training; the emperical studies reported merit being enlarged by their authors and replicated by others.
Birgitta Englund Dimitrova, in Interpreting, Vol. 12:2 (2010)
05
As the title suggests, the book covers a wide range of topics in both translation and interpreting describing Gile’s resonance in the field and relating current studies to his work. [...] The book is a worthwhile companion to everyone who either plans to do research in T/I Studies or wants to widen their view on how to do it. They can find information about research skills and how the academic world works, experience about different research designs and models for analysis, and a useful introduction to Interpreting Studies.
Maija Hirvonen, University of Tampere, Finland, in The Journal of Specialised Translation. Issue 14 - July 2010
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/btl.80.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027216892.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027216892.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/btl.80.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/btl.80.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/btl.80.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/btl.80.hb.png
10
01
JB code
btl.80.01pre
vii
ix
3
Miscellaneous
1
01
Preface
10
01
JB code
btl.80.02sci
Section header
2
01
Scientometrics and history
10
01
JB code
btl.80.03grb
3
24
22
Article
3
01
An author-centred scientometric analysis of Daniel Gile's œuvre
An
author-centred scientometric analysis of Daniel Gile's œuvre
1
A01
Nadja Grbić
Grbić, Nadja
Nadja
Grbić
University of Graz, Austria
2
A01
Sonja Pöllabauer
Pöllabauer, Sonja
Sonja
Pöllabauer
University of Graz, Austria
20
citation analysis
20
Interpreting Studies
20
keyword analysis
20
network analysis
20
scientometrics
01
The article begins with a quantitative scientometric study of Daniel Gile’s published writings. The study focuses on the diachronic development of Gile’s writings and several other aspects of his scientific oeuvre such as types of publications; languages of publication; media of publication; topics; and co-authorships. The co-authorship data are then displayed by means of a coauthorship network and discussed within the framework of network analysis. In addition, a brief keyword analysis of the titles of the publications provides a first glimpse into the range of topics which are tackled in Daniel Gile’s publications. The paper then goes on to deepen the insights gleaned from the scientometric study in an analysis of citations of Gile’s writings by other authors. The citation analysis represents a first attempt to investigate Gile’s “impact” on the scientific community, even though it is inherent to the nature of citation analysis that the data obtained by such an approach can never be complete. We think that all three approaches can provide interesting insights into Gile’s oeuvre. Owing to his pioneering publications on scientometrics and citation analysis, Daniel Gile strikes us as a perfect “candidate” for such an author-centred scientometric approach.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.04poc
25
46
22
Article
4
01
The turns of Interpreting Studies
The
turns of Interpreting Studies
1
A01
Franz Pöchhacker
Pöchhacker, Franz
Franz
Pöchhacker
University of Vienna, Austria
20
empirical turn
20
Interpreting Studies
20
paradigms
20
qualitative turn
20
shifts
20
social turn
20
tradition
01
Borrowing from the title as well as relevant contents of Mary Snell-Hornby’s latest book on Translation Studies, this paper reviews the development of Interpreting Studies as an academic (sub)discipline and examines it for shifts and milestones that might qualify as “turns” while probing the conceptual content of this popular label. In analogy to Snell-Hornby’s attribution of the roles of precursor, pioneer, master and disciple to those creating and working within a particular “tradition”, this metascientific scheme is applied to the development of interpreting research since the 1950s, with Daniel Gile portrayed as the tradition’s master. Engaging with his groundbreaking historiography, the well-known four-period classification is extended, with particular emphasis on developments since the mid-1990s and newly influential memes and methods as well as disciplinary sources. The notion of “paradigm” is then taken up to discuss various research traditions in the discipline, viewing shifts from one paradigm to another as the “turns” at issue in this paper. Under this heading, the “social turn” and the “qualitative turn” in Interpreting Studies are discussed in terms of their theoretical, methodological and epistemological implications.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.05con
Section header
5
01
Conceptual analysis
10
01
JB code
btl.80.06che
49
61
13
Article
6
01
The status of interpretive hypotheses
The
status of interpretive hypotheses
1
A01
Andrew Chesterman
Chesterman, Andrew
Andrew
Chesterman
University of Helsinki, Finland
20
hermeneutics
20
hypothesis
20
meaning
20
method
01
In the natural sciences, the task of the researcher is usually seen as the generation and testing of hypotheses. These hypotheses are taken to be possible answers to questions concerning the description, prediction, and explanation of natural phenomena. But there is also another kind of hypothesis, an interpretive hypothesis. The status of interpretive hypotheses is not as clear as that of descriptive, predictive or explanatory ones. This paper aims to clarify this status, showing the respects in which interpretive hypotheses are like other kinds, and the respects in which they are different. Hermeneutic research methods based on the generation and testing of interpretive hypotheses do not seem fundamentally different from those of traditional empirical sciences. Interpretive hypotheses simply apply to different kinds of data. They can be particularly relevant to the research goal of explanation.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.07gam
63
82
20
Article
7
01
Stratégies et tactiques en traduction et interprétation
1
A01
Yves Gambier
Gambier, Yves
Yves
Gambier
Université de Turku, Finlande
20
cultural references
20
strategy
20
tactic
20
taxonomy
20
translation problem
01
Translation Studies (TS) has borrowed and still borrows concepts from different disciplines. These loan words do not yet comprise a coherent system, hence the weakness of our metalanguage. The paper deals with the concept of strategy and its various terms, as used in the literature on translation and interpreting. To what extent do the different classifications overlap? Do translation and interpreting scholars define and apply similar types of strategies? I argue that we need the notion of tactics as well as that of strategy in order to better explain what is going on in translating and interpreting. The paper compares statements and claims by different authors, with the aim of strengthening the terminology of TS.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.08pym
83
105
23
Article
8
01
On omission in simultaneous interpreting: Risk analysis of a hidden effort
1
A01
Anthony Pym
Pym, Anthony
Anthony
Pym
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
20
communication strategies
20
conference interpreting
20
Interpreting Studies
20
omission
20
risk analysis
20
Translation Studies
01
One of the long-standing debates in studies on simultaneous interpreting would pit “contextualists”, who see interpreters’ performances as being conditioned by contextual determinants, against “cognitivists”, who analyze performances in terms of cognitive constraints that would be the same for all professionals, regardless of context. Gile’s Effort Models would seem to be very much in the cognitive camp. However, modeling of the resources used when interpreters make omissions suggests that cognitive management may actively respond to contextual factors such as the aims of the discourse, the strategies of the speakers, and the variable risks of the text items. Analysis of the data from one of Gile’s experiments indicates that the cognitive management of omissions is indeed highly variable. Omissions that are low-risk for the aims of the discourse occur in a constant background mode, almost without sourcetext stimuli, such that in repeat performances they are found with similar frequency but in different places. On the other hand, omissions that incur high levels of risk tend to be repaired in repeat performance. This suggests that simultaneous interpreters strive for non-omission only in the case of high-risk contextualization. Further, since their management skills must incorporate enough contextualization for the necessary risk analysis to take place, the cognitive strategies of interpreters should be modeled in the same terms as those of all other linguistic mediators.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.09res
Section header
9
01
Research skills
10
01
JB code
btl.80.10sch
109
126
18
Article
10
01
Doctoral training programmes: Research skills for the discipline or career management skills?
1
A01
Christina Schäffner
Schäffner, Christina
Christina
Schäffner
Aston University, Birmingham, England
20
career management
20
doctoral training programmes
20
research management
20
skills requirements for doctoral students
01
As for any academic discipline, the future of Translation Studies depends on new generations of researchers. But new researchers need to have knowledge in their discipline and also competence in research skills. This paper addresses the issue of skills training for doctoral students, mainly from the perspective of the United Kingdom. UK Research Councils expect doctoral students to be able to demonstrate research skills and techniques specific to their topic, but they also expect them to understand research funding procedures and to manage their career progression. The paper explores the extent to which such a complex set of skills can be achieved effectively in a doctoral training programme.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.11ger
127
141
15
Article
11
01
Getting started: Writing communicative abstracts
1
A01
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Gerzymisch-Arbogast, Heidrun
Heidrun
Gerzymisch-Arbogast
Saarland University, Germany
20
abstracts
20
communicative meanings
20
PhD training
20
research papers
01
The article relates to a PhD School which Daniel Gile and I jointly taught within the framework of a European <i>Marie Curie </i>PhD training program on critical reading and writing of research papers on 29th April 2007 in Vienna. It presents an overview of formulae for writing abstracts as a basic research skill for young researchers when “getting started” in research, as they are offered by standardization institutes, universities and conference conveners. Reflecting Daniel Gile’s comments on the topic, it is suggested that writing abstracts for conferences needs to take into account more than just the factual dimension. On the basis of Schulz von Thun’s communication model (1981) several interrelated dimensions of writing abstracts for conferences are discussed and exemplified.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.12mos
143
156
14
Article
12
01
Construct-ing quality
1
A01
Barbara Moser-Mercer
Moser-Mercer, Barbara
Barbara
Moser-Mercer
Ecole de traduction et d’interprétation, Université de Genève, Switzerland
20
interpreting quality
20
questionnaire design
20
research methodology
01
There is a large body of research devoted to exploring quality in interpreting and various authors have identified survey methodology as one of the most frequently applied to this line of research. However, this line of research lacks fundamental and principled guidance regarding survey methodology, in spite of a fairly rich literature on survey design. This paper attempts to remedy this by developing a succinct, yet comprehensive guide to questionnaire design for quality research in interpreting, covering important concepts such as validity, reliability, construct design and ethical dimensions.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.13emp
Section header
13
01
Empirical studies
10
01
JB code
btl.80.14liu
159
177
19
Article
14
01
How do experts interpret? Implications from research in Interpreting Studies and cognitive science
1
A01
Minhua Liu
Liu, Minhua
Minhua
Liu
Fu Jen University, Taiwan
20
attention
20
expert
20
expertise
20
novice
20
simultaneous interpreting
01
In this article, expertise in simultaneous interpreting is defined as the result of well-practiced strategies in each of the comprehension, translation, and production processes, and the interaction among these processes, which are specific to the needs of the task of simultaneous interpreting. What allows the interaction among the comprehension, translation, and production processes to act in sync is interpreters’ ability to manage their mental resources in an efficient manner, particularly in the way attention is managed. Expert-novice difference is examined by comparing skills and sub-skills, by analyzing the cognitive abilities underlying the act of simultaneous interpreting, and by providing evidence and counter-evidence from Interpreting Studies and cognitive science.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.15kur
179
192
14
Article
15
01
The impact of non-native English on students' interpreting performance
The
impact of non-native English on students' interpreting performance
1
A01
Ingrid Kurz
Kurz, Ingrid
Ingrid
Kurz
University of Vienna, Austria
20
listening and analysis effort
20
non-native accent
20
processing capacity
20
resource management and allocation
01
English has become the world’s <i>lingua franca </i>and dominant conference language. Consequently, interpreters are increasingly confronted with nonnative speakers whose pronunciation differs from Standard English. Non-native source texts which deviate from familiar acoustic-phonetic patterns make perception more difficult for the interpreter, who, according to Gile’s Effort Models, is forced to devote a considerable part of his processing to the <i>Listening and Analysis Effort</i>. For students and novices in the interpreting profession such situations are particularly difficult to cope with. The paper describes some of the major findings of a study carried out by Dominika Kodrnja (2001) as a diploma thesis under the author’s supervision to demonstrate the detrimental effect of a strong non-native accent on students’ interpreting performance.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.16ais
193
214
22
Article
16
01
Evaluación de la calidad en interpretación simultánea: Contrastes de exposición e inferencias emocionales. Evaluación de la evaluación
1
A01
Ángela Collados Aís
Aís, Ángela Collados
Ángela Collados
Aís
Universidad de Granada, España
20
discussion groups
20
experimental study
20
focused interviews
20
quality assessment
20
Simultaneous interpretation
01
This article describes an experimental study which measured the extent to which the monotonous intonation of an interpreter can cause receivers to negatively evaluate the resulting interpretation, particularly when compared to the non-monotonous interpretation of another interpreter. In addition, the study analyses the emotional inferences made by the receivers of the monotonous intonation, and its effect on their assessment of the interpretation. The article also describes the results of various discussion groups and focused interviews which formed part of the study. This type of qualitative research methodology was found to provide a better explanation of certain aspects of the complex assessment process and to offer a more accurate insight into the way receivers evaluate simultaneous interpretations.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.17lam
215
236
22
Article
17
01
Linguistic interference in simultaneous interpreting with text: A case study
1
A01
Heike Lamberger-Felber
Lamberger-Felber, Heike
Heike
Lamberger-Felber
University of Graz, Austria
2
A01
Julia Schneider
Schneider, Julia
Julia
Schneider
University of Graz, Austria
20
interference
20
performance variability in SI
20
SI with text
20
simultaneous interpreting
01
Linguistic interference in simultaneous interpreting is among those phenomena that many authors have written about, while few have actually investigated it. Following Daniel Gile’s request for more empirical data, the authors have tried to analyse frequency and types of interference in a corpus of 36 interpretations by twelve professional conference interpreters. Results indicate the high incidence of interference (INT) in professional interpreters’ output as well as the high variability in both frequency and type of INT among the subjects. The lack of correlations between INT and other investigated parameters seems to indicate a certain independence of INT from other output parameters (e.g. semantic deviations).
10
01
JB code
btl.80.18shl
237
253
17
Article
18
01
Towards a definition of Interpretese: An intermodal, corpus-based study
1
A01
Miriam Shlesinger
Shlesinger, Miriam
Miriam
Shlesinger
†
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
20
comparable corpora
20
corpus-based translation studies
20
Hebrew
20
intermodal
20
modality
20
tagger
01
Apart from its contribution to the analysis of translated discourse as such, corpus-based translation studies has often involved the comparison of translated corpora and comparable originals, in an attempt to isolate the features that typify translations, whether globally or in a more restricted set. The study reported here applied a similar methodology to the analysis of interpreted discourse, comparing it not to non-interpreted (spontaneous, original) spoken discourse but to its written (translated) counterpart. A computerized analysis of the interpreted outputs of six professional translator-interpreters rendering the same text from their second to their first language in both modalities revealed a set of marked differences between them in terms of richness (type-token ratio), and of a range of lexico-grammatical features. Despite its drawbacks in terms of ecological validity, the methodology used in this study is seen as a tool for extrapolating a set of stylistic and pragmatic features of interpreted – as opposed to translated – outputs, and may constitute an extension of the range of the paradigms available to corpus-based translation studies. A statistical analysis of the morphological data generated pointed to salient differences between the two corpora, and it is these differences that are at the core of the present study. The methodological implications and possible extensions are also discussed below.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.19han
255
280
26
Article
19
01
The speck in your brother's eye – the beam in your own: Quality management in translation and revision
The
speck in your brother's eye – the beam in your own: Quality management in translation and revision
1
A01
Gyde Hansen
Hansen, Gyde
Gyde
Hansen
Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Denmark
20
experience
20
longitudinal study
20
professional translation
20
quality
20
revision competence
20
revision training
01
Global and national changes have resulted in new requirements for quality management and quality control in translation. International standards like the recent European Quality Standard for Translation Services, EN 15038 (2006), have been developed in order to give clients an assurance that they are receiving high-quality translation work. According to some of these standards, target texts have to be revised at least twice or, ideally, three times by others than the translator him/herself. Revision and revision processes have also come more into focus in TS research. According to Gile (2005), who has developed a mathematical formula that defines quality as the balanced sum of quality parameters, revision tasks are usually carried out by experienced translators. In two empirical longitudinal studies at CBS, the relation between translation competence and revision competence of students and professional translators was investigated. The question posed was: “are the good translators also the good revisers?” In this article, quality parameters and revision processes are described and shown in models. The question is raised whether it would be an advantage to establish special training in revision, parallel to the translator training.
10
01
JB code
btl.80.20pub
281
294
14
Miscellaneous
20
01
Publications by Daniel Gile
10
01
JB code
btl.80.21nam
295
297
3
Miscellaneous
21
01
Name index
10
01
JB code
btl.80.22sub
299
302
4
Miscellaneous
22
01
Subject index
02
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