689007372 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 297 Eb 15 9789027290977 06 10.1075/cilt.297 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code CILT 02 0304-0763 02 297.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-cilt 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (vols. 1–335, 1975–2015) 05 02 CILT (vols. 1–335, 1975–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 01 01 English Historical Linguistics 2006 Selected papers from the fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21-25 August 2006. Volume III: Geo-Historical Variation in English English Historical Linguistics 2006: Selected papers from the fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21-25 August 2006. Volume III: Geo-Historical Variation in English 1 B01 01 JB code 660094393 Marina Dossena Dossena, Marina Marina Dossena University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/660094393 2 B01 01 JB code 817094394 Richard Dury Dury, Richard Richard Dury University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/817094394 3 B01 01 JB code 817094395 Maurizio Gotti Gotti, Maurizio Maurizio Gotti University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/817094395 01 eng 11 223 03 03 xiii 03 00 197 03 01 22 425 03 2006 PE1075 04 English language--Grammar, Historical--Congresses. 04 English language--History--Congresses. 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 These papers focus on geo-historical variation in English. 03 00 The papers collected in this volume were first presented at the 14th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (Bergamo, 2006). Alongside studies of syntax, morphology, lexis and semantics, published in two sister volumes, many innovative contributions focused on geo-historical variation in English. A carefully peer-reviewed selection, including two plenary lectures, appears here in print for the first time, bearing witness to the increasing scholarly interest in varieties of English other than so-called ‘standard’ English. In all the contributions, well-established methods of historical dialectology combine with new theoretical approaches, in an attempt to shed more light on phenomena that have hitherto remained unexplored, or have only just begun to be investigated. Perceptual dialectology is also taken into consideration, and state-of-the-art tools, such as electronic corpora and atlases, are employed consistently, ensuring the methodological homogeneity of the contributions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.297.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248121.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248121.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.297.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.297.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.297.01for 06 10.1075/cilt.297.01for vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 eng 01 01 JB code cilt.297.02int 06 10.1075/cilt.297.02int ix xiii 5 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code cilt.297.03lai 06 10.1075/cilt.297.03lai 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? 1 A01 01 JB code 70096592 Margaret Laing Laing, Margaret Margaret Laing University of Edinburgh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/70096592 01 eng 30 00

Written Middle English is not phonetic transcript. The sound-pattern is not directly known, but has to be reconstructed – from, among other things, written forms interpreted in the light of the particular spelling systems to which they belong. Pronunciation is an object of discovery, not a premiss: assumptions about the way (or ways) in which a written form was pronounced, ought not to be built in to the collection of the primary evidence. It does not follow that phonetic considerations are ruled out for subsequent interpretation. (Benskin 1991: 226)

01 01 JB code cilt.297.04mat 06 10.1075/cilt.297.04mat 45 65 21 Article 4 01 04 Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London 1 A01 01 JB code 382096593 Lister M. Matheson Matheson, Lister M. Lister M. Matheson Michigan State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382096593 01 eng 30 00

The goal of this essay is to emphasise the prominence within the writing communities of late fifteenth-century London of certain highly productive, professional users of language who were immigrants from East Anglia, particularly Essex and south Suffolk. The forms used by six scribes from this area will be studied. Their spelling systems were clearly current and acceptable types of written language within the metropolis, and an analysis of them provides further useful evidence for the study of the genesis, development, adoption, and dissemination of standard written English.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.05lin 06 10.1075/cilt.297.05lin 67 89 23 Article 5 01 04 Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated 1 A01 01 JB code 880096594 María José Carrillo Linares Linares, María José Carrillo María José Carrillo Linares University of Huelva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/880096594 2 A01 01 JB code 392096595 Edurne Garrido Anes Anes, Edurne Garrido Edurne Garrido Anes University of Huelva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/392096595 01 eng 30 00

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate two things: first, the methodology employed for the study of Middle English lexical dialectal material; and second, the possibility of carrying out some practical applications related to the geographical distributions of lexical items. For the methodology, we focus on the importance of undertaking a cumulative analysis, based on the collection of as much data as possible and from as many sources as we may find for any item. It is essential for the analysis of the data to be aware of the textual histories of the manuscript sources as well. As a practical application of the results obtained from our analysis, we propose to explore the possibility of redefining the localisation of a manuscript by using the lexical material. Localisation according to lexical material might not always agree with localisation according to orthographic criteria, but even if the lexical choices can be conditioned by different factors, the global study of the lexical information together with the phono-graphological features might help to localise some texts more precisely.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.06cue 06 10.1075/cilt.297.06cue 91 109 19 Article 6 01 04 Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story 1 A01 01 JB code 240096596 Julia Fernández Cuesta Fernández Cuesta, Julia Julia Fernández Cuesta University of Seville 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/240096596 2 A01 01 JB code 799096597 Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma Ledesma, Nieves Rodríguez Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma University of Seville 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/799096597 01 eng 30 00

The purpose of this article, which is part of an ongoing research project on the history of Northern English, is to give more detailed information about these varieties in the Middle English period, which may serve to modify the somewhat simplistic and general views found in most histories of the language. Traditional accounts of the Northern dialects usually consist of a list of features, such as thir and tha(s) as the plural of the demonstratives, -s as the inflexion for 3sg. present indicative and present indicative plural, ar, er as the forms for the present indicative plural of be, etc. However, the analysis of early and late Middle English texts and the linguistic profiles in LALME reveals a much more complex picture: more variants have been found than those which have been regarded as typically Northern, and in some cases their distribution seems to depend on the geographical area and the type of text.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.07haa 06 10.1075/cilt.297.07haa 111 130 20 Article 7 01 04 The origins of the Northern Subject Rule The origins of the Northern Subject Rule 1 A01 01 JB code 517096598 Nynke Haas Haas, Nynke Nynke Haas Radboud University Nijmegen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517096598 01 eng 30 00

This paper explores the possible origins of the Northern Subject Rule (NSR). In this morphosyntactic pattern, found in Northern Middle English, present-tense verbal inflection varies according to the type of subject (pronoun or noun) and (non-)adjacency of the subject to the verb. I argue that rather than languageinternal developments in the vein of Pietsch (2005), processes of language contact between early English and the Cumbrian variety of Brythonic Celtic are a likely source for the NSR. I develop a scenario for this change, based on the parallel Brythonic pattern of anti-agreement and early English differential subject positions. The Old English Lindisfarne Glosses and several Northern Middle English texts provide initial evidence in favour of this hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.08ogu 06 10.1075/cilt.297.08ogu 131 151 21 Article 8 01 04 Dynamic dialectology and social networks Dynamic dialectology and social networks 1 A01 01 JB code 113096599 Mieko Ogura Ogura, Mieko Mieko Ogura Tsurumi University, Yokohama; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/113096599 2 A01 01 JB code 159096600 William S-Y. Wang Wang, William S-Y. William S-Y. Wang Chinese University of Hong Kong; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/159096600 01 eng 30 00

This paper examines how different structures of social networks affect linguistic selection type of change or functionally biased change, and game type of change or socially biased change, based on simulation and historical data from English. We show that the weaker the functional or social bias, the greater the effects of different network structures on diffusion processes of change. We also show that the weaker the functional or social bias, the more probabilistic the learner becomes, and the stronger the functional or social bias, the more categorical the learner becomes. Furthermore, we discuss that there is little increase in diffusion time with the increase in population size in a small-world and scale-free networks.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.09fil 06 10.1075/cilt.297.09fil 153 170 18 Article 9 01 04 The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates 1 A01 01 JB code 710096601 Markku Filppula Filppula, Markku Markku Filppula University of Joensuu 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/710096601 01 eng 30 00

The majority of scholarly opinion has long held that Celtic influence on English has been minimal on all levels of language. This is usually put down to the socially and politically inferior status of the Celts vis-à-vis their Anglo-Saxon conquerors, which then explains the small number of Celtic loanwords in English. In this article, I join the voice of those scholars who have challenged the prevailing view and called for a fresh examination of the ‘Celtic Hypothesis’. I argue, first, that the nature of the contact situation was such that linguistic influences from Celtic on English were inevitable. Secondly, the paucity of Celtic loanwords in English does not constitute evidence against contact effects at other levels of language but is the expected development. Thirdly, many features of English grammar have characteristics that cannot be satisfactorily explained as independent developments. Fourthly, the modern-era ‘Celtic Englishes’ provide yet another source of indirect evidence supporting the Celtic Hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.10mcc 06 10.1075/cilt.297.10mcc 171 184 14 Article 10 01 04 On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) 1 A01 01 JB code 924096602 Kevin McCafferty McCafferty, Kevin Kevin McCafferty University of Bergen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/924096602 01 eng 30 00

Although William Carleton’s literary dialect is regarded as reliably accurate, early in his career, Carleton practiced ‘dialect hygiene’. Carleton began this practice between the first two stories of Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (1830). Scots-derived features of Ulster English and speech forms widespread in (non)standard varieties beyond Ireland were excised; forms shared by Ulster English and Southern Irish English were retained, and forms restricted geographically to Southern Irish English were retained or added. The result is a levelled peasant dialect that is intended to better reflect the speech of the majority of Irish people, which is arguably part of a strategy to make the language more national. Carleton’s practice reflects contemporary native-speaker attitudes to varieties of Irish English, which stigmatised Scottishness in speech. But dialect hygiene also served the political purposes of Carleton’s writing, for his primary objectives included the creation of an Irish national literature in English.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.11hic 06 10.1075/cilt.297.11hic 185 194 10 Article 11 01 04 Exceptions to sound change and external motivation Exceptions to sound change and external motivation 1 A01 01 JB code 173096603 Raymond Hickey Hickey, Raymond Raymond Hickey Essen University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/173096603 01 eng 30 00

This contribution looks at typical changes of sounds and views these as sets of changes the members of which are linked. It also considers the directions of sound changes, considering these as natural pathways (in the case of lenition) or trajectories among vowel movements in which different vocalic elements stand in a spatial relationship to each other. As data the contribution examines a number of changes in English in the capital of Ireland, Dublin, which has undergone considerable change in the past fifteen years or so. The present-day data is seen in a panchronic context and parallels are drawn to attested historical changes which show both regularities and principled exceptions to these. The latter are a particular focus in the theoretical discussion.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.12ind 06 10.1075/cilt.297.12ind 195 197 3 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index of subjects Index of subjects 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.297 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20080709 C 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027248121 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027290977 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 158.00 USD
795013076 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 297 GE 15 9789027290977 06 10.1075/cilt.297 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code CILT 02 JB code 0304-0763 02 297.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 01 01 English Historical Linguistics 2006 English Historical Linguistics 2006 1 B01 01 JB code 660094393 Marina Dossena Dossena, Marina Marina Dossena University of Bergamo 2 B01 01 JB code 817094394 Richard Dury Dury, Richard Richard Dury University of Bergamo 3 B01 01 JB code 817094395 Maurizio Gotti Gotti, Maurizio Maurizio Gotti University of Bergamo 01 eng 11 223 03 03 xiii 03 00 197 03 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 01 06 02 00 These papers focus on geo-historical variation in English. 03 00 The papers collected in this volume were first presented at the 14th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (Bergamo, 2006). Alongside studies of syntax, morphology, lexis and semantics, published in two sister volumes, many innovative contributions focused on geo-historical variation in English. A carefully peer-reviewed selection, including two plenary lectures, appears here in print for the first time, bearing witness to the increasing scholarly interest in varieties of English other than so-called ‘standard’ English. In all the contributions, well-established methods of historical dialectology combine with new theoretical approaches, in an attempt to shed more light on phenomena that have hitherto remained unexplored, or have only just begun to be investigated. Perceptual dialectology is also taken into consideration, and state-of-the-art tools, such as electronic corpora and atlases, are employed consistently, ensuring the methodological homogeneity of the contributions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.297.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248121.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248121.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.297.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.297.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.297.01for 06 10.1075/cilt.297.01for vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 01 JB code cilt.297.02int 06 10.1075/cilt.297.02int ix xiii 5 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 01 JB code cilt.297.03lai 06 10.1075/cilt.297.03lai 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? 1 A01 01 JB code 70096592 Margaret Laing Laing, Margaret Margaret Laing University of Edinburgh 01 01 JB code cilt.297.04mat 06 10.1075/cilt.297.04mat 45 65 21 Article 4 01 04 Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London 1 A01 01 JB code 382096593 Lister M. Matheson Matheson, Lister M. Lister M. Matheson Michigan State University 01 01 JB code cilt.297.05lin 06 10.1075/cilt.297.05lin 67 89 23 Article 5 01 04 Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated 1 A01 01 JB code 880096594 María José Carrillo Linares Linares, María José Carrillo María José Carrillo Linares University of Huelva 2 A01 01 JB code 392096595 Edurne Garrido Anes Anes, Edurne Garrido Edurne Garrido Anes University of Huelva 01 01 JB code cilt.297.06cue 06 10.1075/cilt.297.06cue 91 109 19 Article 6 01 04 Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story 1 A01 01 JB code 240096596 Julia Fernández Cuesta Fernández Cuesta, Julia Julia Fernández Cuesta University of Seville 2 A01 01 JB code 799096597 Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma Ledesma, Nieves Rodríguez Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma University of Seville 01 01 JB code cilt.297.07haa 06 10.1075/cilt.297.07haa 111 130 20 Article 7 01 04 The origins of the Northern Subject Rule The origins of the Northern Subject Rule 1 A01 01 JB code 517096598 Nynke Haas Haas, Nynke Nynke Haas Radboud University Nijmegen 01 01 JB code cilt.297.08ogu 06 10.1075/cilt.297.08ogu 131 151 21 Article 8 01 04 Dynamic dialectology and social networks Dynamic dialectology and social networks 1 A01 01 JB code 113096599 Mieko Ogura Ogura, Mieko Mieko Ogura Tsurumi University, Yokohama; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 2 A01 01 JB code 159096600 William S-Y. Wang Wang, William S-Y. William S-Y. Wang Chinese University of Hong Kong; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 01 01 JB code cilt.297.09fil 06 10.1075/cilt.297.09fil 153 170 18 Article 9 01 04 The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates 1 A01 01 JB code 710096601 Markku Filppula Filppula, Markku Markku Filppula University of Joensuu 01 01 JB code cilt.297.10mcc 06 10.1075/cilt.297.10mcc 171 184 14 Article 10 01 04 On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) 1 A01 01 JB code 924096602 Kevin McCafferty McCafferty, Kevin Kevin McCafferty University of Bergen 01 01 JB code cilt.297.11hic 06 10.1075/cilt.297.11hic 185 194 10 Article 11 01 04 Exceptions to sound change and external motivation Exceptions to sound change and external motivation 1 A01 01 JB code 173096603 Raymond Hickey Hickey, Raymond Raymond Hickey Essen University 01 01 JB code cilt.297.12ind 06 10.1075/cilt.297.12ind 195 197 3 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index of subjects Index of subjects 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20080709 C 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027248121 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 88.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 158.00 USD 975006145 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 297 Hb 15 9789027248121 06 10.1075/cilt.297 13 2008002770 00 BB 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 555 gr 10 01 JB code CILT 02 0304-0763 02 297.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 01 01 English Historical Linguistics 2006 Selected papers from the fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21-25 August 2006. Volume III: Geo-Historical Variation in English English Historical Linguistics 2006: Selected papers from the fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21-25 August 2006. Volume III: Geo-Historical Variation in English 1 B01 01 JB code 660094393 Marina Dossena Dossena, Marina Marina Dossena University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/660094393 2 B01 01 JB code 817094394 Richard Dury Dury, Richard Richard Dury University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/817094394 3 B01 01 JB code 817094395 Maurizio Gotti Gotti, Maurizio Maurizio Gotti University of Bergamo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/817094395 01 eng 11 223 03 03 xiii 03 00 197 03 01 22 425 03 2006 PE1075 04 English language--Grammar, Historical--Congresses. 04 English language--History--Congresses. 10 LAN009000 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 These papers focus on geo-historical variation in English. 03 00 The papers collected in this volume were first presented at the 14th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (Bergamo, 2006). Alongside studies of syntax, morphology, lexis and semantics, published in two sister volumes, many innovative contributions focused on geo-historical variation in English. A carefully peer-reviewed selection, including two plenary lectures, appears here in print for the first time, bearing witness to the increasing scholarly interest in varieties of English other than so-called ‘standard’ English. In all the contributions, well-established methods of historical dialectology combine with new theoretical approaches, in an attempt to shed more light on phenomena that have hitherto remained unexplored, or have only just begun to be investigated. Perceptual dialectology is also taken into consideration, and state-of-the-art tools, such as electronic corpora and atlases, are employed consistently, ensuring the methodological homogeneity of the contributions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.297.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248121.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248121.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.297.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.297.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.297.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.297.01for 06 10.1075/cilt.297.01for vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 eng 01 01 JB code cilt.297.02int 06 10.1075/cilt.297.02int ix xiii 5 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code cilt.297.03lai 06 10.1075/cilt.297.03lai 1 44 44 Article 3 01 04 The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? The early Middle English scribe: Sprach er wie er schrieb? 1 A01 01 JB code 70096592 Margaret Laing Laing, Margaret Margaret Laing University of Edinburgh 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/70096592 01 eng 30 00

Written Middle English is not phonetic transcript. The sound-pattern is not directly known, but has to be reconstructed – from, among other things, written forms interpreted in the light of the particular spelling systems to which they belong. Pronunciation is an object of discovery, not a premiss: assumptions about the way (or ways) in which a written form was pronounced, ought not to be built in to the collection of the primary evidence. It does not follow that phonetic considerations are ruled out for subsequent interpretation. (Benskin 1991: 226)

01 01 JB code cilt.297.04mat 06 10.1075/cilt.297.04mat 45 65 21 Article 4 01 04 Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London Essex/Suffolk scribes and their language in fifteenth-century London 1 A01 01 JB code 382096593 Lister M. Matheson Matheson, Lister M. Lister M. Matheson Michigan State University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382096593 01 eng 30 00

The goal of this essay is to emphasise the prominence within the writing communities of late fifteenth-century London of certain highly productive, professional users of language who were immigrants from East Anglia, particularly Essex and south Suffolk. The forms used by six scribes from this area will be studied. Their spelling systems were clearly current and acceptable types of written language within the metropolis, and an analysis of them provides further useful evidence for the study of the genesis, development, adoption, and dissemination of standard written English.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.05lin 06 10.1075/cilt.297.05lin 67 89 23 Article 5 01 04 Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated Middle English word geography: Methodology and applications illustrated 1 A01 01 JB code 880096594 María José Carrillo Linares Linares, María José Carrillo María José Carrillo Linares University of Huelva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/880096594 2 A01 01 JB code 392096595 Edurne Garrido Anes Anes, Edurne Garrido Edurne Garrido Anes University of Huelva 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/392096595 01 eng 30 00

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate two things: first, the methodology employed for the study of Middle English lexical dialectal material; and second, the possibility of carrying out some practical applications related to the geographical distributions of lexical items. For the methodology, we focus on the importance of undertaking a cumulative analysis, based on the collection of as much data as possible and from as many sources as we may find for any item. It is essential for the analysis of the data to be aware of the textual histories of the manuscript sources as well. As a practical application of the results obtained from our analysis, we propose to explore the possibility of redefining the localisation of a manuscript by using the lexical material. Localisation according to lexical material might not always agree with localisation according to orthographic criteria, but even if the lexical choices can be conditioned by different factors, the global study of the lexical information together with the phono-graphological features might help to localise some texts more precisely.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.06cue 06 10.1075/cilt.297.06cue 91 109 19 Article 6 01 04 Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story Northern Middle English: Towards telling the full story 1 A01 01 JB code 240096596 Julia Fernández Cuesta Fernández Cuesta, Julia Julia Fernández Cuesta University of Seville 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/240096596 2 A01 01 JB code 799096597 Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma Ledesma, Nieves Rodríguez Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma University of Seville 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/799096597 01 eng 30 00

The purpose of this article, which is part of an ongoing research project on the history of Northern English, is to give more detailed information about these varieties in the Middle English period, which may serve to modify the somewhat simplistic and general views found in most histories of the language. Traditional accounts of the Northern dialects usually consist of a list of features, such as thir and tha(s) as the plural of the demonstratives, -s as the inflexion for 3sg. present indicative and present indicative plural, ar, er as the forms for the present indicative plural of be, etc. However, the analysis of early and late Middle English texts and the linguistic profiles in LALME reveals a much more complex picture: more variants have been found than those which have been regarded as typically Northern, and in some cases their distribution seems to depend on the geographical area and the type of text.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.07haa 06 10.1075/cilt.297.07haa 111 130 20 Article 7 01 04 The origins of the Northern Subject Rule The origins of the Northern Subject Rule 1 A01 01 JB code 517096598 Nynke Haas Haas, Nynke Nynke Haas Radboud University Nijmegen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517096598 01 eng 30 00

This paper explores the possible origins of the Northern Subject Rule (NSR). In this morphosyntactic pattern, found in Northern Middle English, present-tense verbal inflection varies according to the type of subject (pronoun or noun) and (non-)adjacency of the subject to the verb. I argue that rather than languageinternal developments in the vein of Pietsch (2005), processes of language contact between early English and the Cumbrian variety of Brythonic Celtic are a likely source for the NSR. I develop a scenario for this change, based on the parallel Brythonic pattern of anti-agreement and early English differential subject positions. The Old English Lindisfarne Glosses and several Northern Middle English texts provide initial evidence in favour of this hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.08ogu 06 10.1075/cilt.297.08ogu 131 151 21 Article 8 01 04 Dynamic dialectology and social networks Dynamic dialectology and social networks 1 A01 01 JB code 113096599 Mieko Ogura Ogura, Mieko Mieko Ogura Tsurumi University, Yokohama; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/113096599 2 A01 01 JB code 159096600 William S-Y. Wang Wang, William S-Y. William S-Y. Wang Chinese University of Hong Kong; Project on Linguistic Analysis, University of California at Berkeley 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/159096600 01 eng 30 00

This paper examines how different structures of social networks affect linguistic selection type of change or functionally biased change, and game type of change or socially biased change, based on simulation and historical data from English. We show that the weaker the functional or social bias, the greater the effects of different network structures on diffusion processes of change. We also show that the weaker the functional or social bias, the more probabilistic the learner becomes, and the stronger the functional or social bias, the more categorical the learner becomes. Furthermore, we discuss that there is little increase in diffusion time with the increase in population size in a small-world and scale-free networks.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.09fil 06 10.1075/cilt.297.09fil 153 170 18 Article 9 01 04 The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates The Celtic hypothesis hasn't gone away: New perspectives on old debates 1 A01 01 JB code 710096601 Markku Filppula Filppula, Markku Markku Filppula University of Joensuu 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/710096601 01 eng 30 00

The majority of scholarly opinion has long held that Celtic influence on English has been minimal on all levels of language. This is usually put down to the socially and politically inferior status of the Celts vis-à-vis their Anglo-Saxon conquerors, which then explains the small number of Celtic loanwords in English. In this article, I join the voice of those scholars who have challenged the prevailing view and called for a fresh examination of the ‘Celtic Hypothesis’. I argue, first, that the nature of the contact situation was such that linguistic influences from Celtic on English were inevitable. Secondly, the paucity of Celtic loanwords in English does not constitute evidence against contact effects at other levels of language but is the expected development. Thirdly, many features of English grammar have characteristics that cannot be satisfactorily explained as independent developments. Fourthly, the modern-era ‘Celtic Englishes’ provide yet another source of indirect evidence supporting the Celtic Hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.10mcc 06 10.1075/cilt.297.10mcc 171 184 14 Article 10 01 04 On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) On the trail of "intolerable Scoto-Hibernic jargon": Ulster English, Irish English and dialect hygiene in William Carleton's Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (First Series, 1830) 1 A01 01 JB code 924096602 Kevin McCafferty McCafferty, Kevin Kevin McCafferty University of Bergen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/924096602 01 eng 30 00

Although William Carleton’s literary dialect is regarded as reliably accurate, early in his career, Carleton practiced ‘dialect hygiene’. Carleton began this practice between the first two stories of Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry (1830). Scots-derived features of Ulster English and speech forms widespread in (non)standard varieties beyond Ireland were excised; forms shared by Ulster English and Southern Irish English were retained, and forms restricted geographically to Southern Irish English were retained or added. The result is a levelled peasant dialect that is intended to better reflect the speech of the majority of Irish people, which is arguably part of a strategy to make the language more national. Carleton’s practice reflects contemporary native-speaker attitudes to varieties of Irish English, which stigmatised Scottishness in speech. But dialect hygiene also served the political purposes of Carleton’s writing, for his primary objectives included the creation of an Irish national literature in English.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.11hic 06 10.1075/cilt.297.11hic 185 194 10 Article 11 01 04 Exceptions to sound change and external motivation Exceptions to sound change and external motivation 1 A01 01 JB code 173096603 Raymond Hickey Hickey, Raymond Raymond Hickey Essen University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/173096603 01 eng 30 00

This contribution looks at typical changes of sounds and views these as sets of changes the members of which are linked. It also considers the directions of sound changes, considering these as natural pathways (in the case of lenition) or trajectories among vowel movements in which different vocalic elements stand in a spatial relationship to each other. As data the contribution examines a number of changes in English in the capital of Ireland, Dublin, which has undergone considerable change in the past fifteen years or so. The present-day data is seen in a panchronic context and parallels are drawn to attested historical changes which show both regularities and principled exceptions to these. The latter are a particular focus in the theoretical discussion.

01 01 JB code cilt.297.12ind 06 10.1075/cilt.297.12ind 195 197 3 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index of subjects Index of subjects 01 eng
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