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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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01
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861007787
03
01
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
CILT 306 Eb
15
9789027289001
06
10.1075/cilt.306
13
2009025637
DG
002
02
01
CILT
02
0304-0763
Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
306
01
Phonetics and Phonology
Interactions and interrelations
01
cilt.306
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.306
1
B01
Marina Vigário
Vigário, Marina
Marina
Vigário
University of Lisbon
2
B01
Sónia Frota
Frota, Sónia
Sónia
Frota
University of Lisbon
3
B01
M. João Freitas
Freitas, M. João
M. João
Freitas
University of Lisbon
01
eng
304
vi
290
LAN009000
v.2006
CFH
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PHOT
Phonetics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PHON
Phonology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
The papers included in the volume <i>Phonetics and Phonology: Interactions and interrelations</i> are concerned with some of the multiple possible forms of interactions and interrelations in phonetics and phonology: the phonetic and/or phonological nature of speech patterns, segmental and prosodic interactions, and interactions between segments and features, both in child and in adult language, combining perception and production data, and doing so from theoretically as well as experimentally oriented perspectives. The book is unique in the universe of recent publications for its topic, wide scope and coherent thematic content. It is of interest to all researchers, teachers and students in the fields of phonetics and phonology as well as to those interested in the interplay between production and perception, the organization of grammar and language typology. In general, <i>Phonetics and Phonology. Interactions and interrelations</i> may be a useful companion to all those wishing to widen and deepen their knowledge of the sound structure of language(s).
04
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248220.jpg
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.306.hb.png
10
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JB code
cilt.306.00toc
1
12
12
Article
1
01
Introduction
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. Between phonetics and phonology
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.01rie
13
34
22
Article
3
01
Schwa in American English V+/r/ sequences
1
A01
María Riera
Riera, María
María
Riera
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
2
A01
Joaquín Romero
Romero, Joaquín
Joaquín
Romero
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
3
A01
Ben Parrell
Parrell, Ben
Ben
Parrell
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
01
This paper presents an acoustic study of word-final V+/<b>r</b>/ sequences in AmericanEnglish. The objectives were (i) to identify the presence of a schwa-like element inthe VC transitions, (ii) to investigate how this presence is related to the phonetic/phonological nature of V, and (iii) to determine whether the spectral anddurational characteristics of this element vary as a function of speaking rate. Twospeakers participated in the experiment. Formant and duration measurementsaccounted for (i) differences between the schwa-like element and canonicalschwa and (ii) variability in the schwa-like element and V. One-way ANOVAstested for formant and duration differences, while two-way ANOVAs tested forthe relationship between formant variability in the schwa-like element and V.The results suggest that the presence of a highly variable schwa-like element inthe V+/<b>r</b>/ sequences is (i) a generalized process affecting all contexts and (ii) theresult of coarticulation rather than epenthesis/insertion.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.02ort
35
50
16
Article
4
01
Perception of word stress in Castilian Spanish
The effects of sentence intonation and vowel type
1
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Pilar Prieto
Prieto, Pilar
Pilar
Prieto
ICREA & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
We provide evidence for the perception of the stress contrast in unaccented contexts in Spanish. Twenty participants were asked to identify oxytone words which varied orthogonally in two bi-dimensional paroxytone-oxytone continua: one of duration and spectral tilt, and the other of duration and overall intensity. Results indicate that duration and overall intensity were cues to stress, while spectral tilt was not. Moreover, stress detection depended on vowel type: the stress contrast was perceived more consistently in [a] than in [i]. Thus, in spite of lacking vowel reduction, stress in Spanish has its own phonetic material in the absence of pitch accents. However, we cannot speak of cues to stress in general since they depend on the characteristics of the vowel.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.03pri
51
70
20
Article
5
01
Do complex pitch gestures induce syllable lengthening in Catalan and Spanish?
1
A01
Pilar Prieto
Prieto, Pilar
Pilar
Prieto
ICREA & Universitat Pompeu Fabra
2
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
01
In both Spanish and Catalan, narrow contrastive focus and presentational broad focus in nuclear position have different pitch accent choices, namely a rising or a falling pitch accent, respectively. In words with final stress, narrow contrastive focus displays a rise-fall complex pitch gesture in the last syllable of the utterance. This article investigates the effects of the complexity of such a pitch pattern on the durational properties of the syllables in both languages when compared to the simpler falling pitch movement. The results of the production experiment reveal that, in general, the presence of a complex pitch pattern tends to have a lengthening effect on the target syllable. Yet we also find that some instances of this complex contour can be partially truncated, in which case it does <i>not</i> trigger lengthening. In sum, even though truncation and compression have been claimed to be language- and dialect-specific strategies (Ladd 1996; Grabe 1998; Grabe et al. 2000), in our data, truncation can be considered a speaker phonetic realization strategy that interacts with timing in such a way that there is a trade-off relationship between the two factors.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.04man
71
90
20
Article
6
01
Cues to contrastive focus in Romanian
1
A01
Alis Manolescu
Manolescu, Alis
Alis
Manolescu
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Daniel Olson
Olson, Daniel
Daniel
Olson
University of Texas at Austin
3
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
01
In this study we measured patterns of pitch alignment, pitch range and duration in relation to broad and contrastive focus in Romanian. In declarative sentences with broad focus, speakers place a pitch accent on each lexically stressed syllable with peaks that become progressively lower towards the end of the sentence. In pre-nuclear accents, the peaks align with the post-tonic syllable. In declarative sentences with contrastive focus, speakers use strategies based on pitch and duration in order to build a maximum contrast between the word under focus and those in pre- and post-focal contexts: an expanded pitch range under focus and a reduced pitch range and shorter stressed syllables in pre- and post-focal contexts. Thus, the flat F0 and shorter segmental durations in pre- and post-focal contexts constitute a background that, in contrast, highlights the segmental durations and expanded pitch ranges found under contrastive focus.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.05che
91
106
16
Article
7
01
The phonetics of sentence-initial topic and focus in adult and child Dutch
The
phonetics of sentence-initial topic and focus in adult and child Dutch
1
A01
Aoju Chen
Chen, Aoju
Aoju
Chen
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
01
This study investigates whether adults and children use phonetic means to distinguish sentence-initial topic and focus marked with the same accent type (H*L) in Dutch declaratives. It was found that in adults’ speech, the falling accent starts to fall earlier and has a larger F0 excursion and lower F0 minimum in focus than in topic. Further, the low F0 is maintained longer in focus. Moreover, the accented syllable and word are longer in focus than in topic. In contrast, children do not yet use any of the phonetic cues to distinguish topic and focus at the age of 4 or 5. At the age of 7 or 8, they become adult-like only in the use of F0 lowering. Considering that children are fully adult-like in phonological marking of topic and focus at the age of 7 or 8, our findings suggest that phonetic marking is acquired later than phonological marking.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p2
Section header
8
01
Part II. Segmental and prosodic interactions
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.06arb
109
136
28
Article
9
01
Prosodic structure and consonant development across languages
1
A01
Timothy Arbisi-Kelm
Arbisi-Kelm, Timothy
Timothy
Arbisi-Kelm
University of Wisconsin-Madison
2
A01
Mary E. Beckman
Beckman, Mary E.
Mary E.
Beckman
The Ohio State University
01
This paper relates consonant development in first-language acquisition to the mastery of rhythmic structure, starting with the emergence of the “core syllable” in babbling. We first review results on very early phonetic development that suggest how a rich hierarchy of language-specific metrical structures might emerge from a universal developmental progression of basic utterance rhythms in interaction with ambient language input. We then describe salient differences in prosodic structures across the languages being studied in a cross-language investigation of phonological development, in which we are eliciting and analyzing recordings from hundreds of children aged two years through five years who are acquiring Cantonese, English, Greek, or Japanese. Finally, we present examples of how patterns of disfluent consonant production differ across children acquiring the different languages in this set, in ways that seem to be related to the differences in metrical organization across the languages.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.07whi
137
158
22
Article
10
01
Rhythmic and prosodic contrast in Venetan and Sicilian Italian
1
A01
Laurence White
White, Laurence
Laurence
White
University of Bristol
2
A01
Elinor Payne
Payne, Elinor
Elinor
Payne
University of Oxford
3
A01
Sven L. Mattys
Mattys, Sven L.
Sven L.
Mattys
University of Bristol
01
We compared the Italian of speakers from the Veneto, in the north of Italy, and from Sicily, in the far south, looking for evidence of rhythmic and prosodic differences. We found no reliable differences in scores for rhythm metrics (VarcoV, %V, VarcoC) for Venetan and Sicilian, with both varieties having scores similar to French and indicative of a greater durational marking of stress than Spanish. However, we found much stronger prosodic timing effects in Sicilian Italian, with stressed vowels in nuclear utterance-final position twice as long as in prenuclear utterance-medial position. We also found evidence of differential patterns of vowel reduction: Sicilian showed greater modulation of F1 and F2 values according to stress and prosodic position, indicating greater vowel centralisation in prosodically-weak contexts than in Venetan Italian. Overall, the results indicated greater prosodic contrast in southern Italian, and suggest that multiple factors contribute to the perception of rhythmic differences.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.08cab
159
180
22
Article
11
01
Stem boundary and stress effects on syllabification in Spanish
1
A01
Teresa Cabré
Cabré, Teresa
Teresa
Cabré
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
2
A01
Maria Ohannesian
Ohannesian, Maria
Maria
Ohannesian
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.09sch
181
202
22
Article
12
01
Prosodic and segmental effects on vowel intrusion duration in Spanish /rC/ clusters
1
A01
Benjamin Schmeiser
Schmeiser, Benjamin
Benjamin
Schmeiser
Illinois State University
01
The purpose of this study was to test prosodic and segmental effects on vowel intrusion duration in Spanish /rC/ clusters. For each cluster, I measured the acoustic duration of the intervening intrusive vowel and then analyzed the mean intrusive vowel duration under the scope of seven hypotheses based on prosodic and segmental factors. The current study consisted of twenty-nine participants across six countries and I obtained a total of 496 intrusive vowels. The study suggests that one prosodic factor, namely across a word boundary, and one segmental factor, order of constriction location, significantly affect intrusive vowel duration; data analysis for prosodic stress, heterorganic vs. homorganic, C<sub>2</sub> voicing, and manner and place of articulation did not evidence significant results. Finally, I discuss the findings in theoretical terms, using Articulatory Phonology (Browman & Goldstein, 1989, et seq.), including the prosodic (p-) gestural model (Byrd & Saltzman 2003; Byrd et al. 2006).
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p3
Section header
13
01
Part III. Interactions between segments and features
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.10sol
205
234
30
Article
14
01
Acoustic and aerodynamic factors in the interaction of features
The case of nasality and voicing
1
A01
Maria-Josep Solé
Solé, Maria-Josep
Maria-Josep
Solé
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
This paper presents an account of the physical factors responsible for crosslinguistically common patterns of co-occurrence between values of the features [voice] and [nasal]. Specifically, it offers explanations for why nasals are typically voiced and why voiced obstruents are often accompanied by nasalization, or in terms of features, why [+voice] and [+nasal] co-occur so often and in such a variety of ways. First, it addresses the <i>acoustic-auditory</i> factors responsible for glottal vibration favoring the perceptibility of nasalization. Second, it examines the <i>aerodynamic</i> factors responsible for nasality facilitating glottal vibration. In particular, it suggests that nasal leakage is a maneuver to facilitate voicing in the stop and to preserve the voicing contrast. The paper also argues that if the interaction between the two features can be explained by phonetic principles, then there is no need to encode the patterns of co-occurrence as redundancy rules or constraints in universal grammar. Furthermore, phonological representations that assign the nasal valve and the larynx to separate nodes cannot capture the interaction between nasality and voicing and the co-occurrence patterns.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.11bat
235
246
12
Article
15
01
Fixed and variable properties of the palatalization of dental stops in Brazilian Portuguese
In an Italian immigrant community
1
A01
Elisa Battisti
Battisti, Elisa
Elisa
Battisti
University of Caxias do Sul
2
A01
Ben Hermans
Hermans, Ben
Ben
Hermans
Meertens Institute
01
Assuming that unranked constraints generate variation and that features can reoccur at various levels in the segmental tree, the variable palatalization of dental stops in a speech variety of Brazilian Portuguese is analyzed as a process which is applied in order to link C(Aperture) of high vowels to a higher consonantal position, explaining the cross-linguistic tendency of high vowels to spread to preceding segments. A mixed approach which includes the representation of segments and the set of constraints referring to vowels and the metrical grid is adopted to explain the different rates of palatalization by underlying high vowels and raised vowels.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.12can
247
266
20
Article
16
01
Post-tonic vowel harmony in some dialects of Central Italy
The role of prosodic structure, contrast and consonants
1
A01
Stefano Canalis
Canalis, Stefano
Stefano
Canalis
Università di Padova
01
In Central Italy several dialects display post-tonic regressive vowel harmony, by which post-tonic vowels copy all the features of the word-final vowel. On the basis of phonetic and phonological arguments I argue that the penultimate vowel of proparoxytones, the typical target of this process, is a prosodically weak position, which makes it a good target for assimilation. In some dialects harmony is active only if a liquid consonant intervenes between the trigger and target vowels; since in these dialects liquids do not contrast for place, underspecification can explain this asymmetry. Since place specification of non-liquid consonants is required in other varieties, which nevertheless display harmony across any intervening consonant, following Clements (2001) I argue that in this case some nodes of feature geometry are not active.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.13cab
267
286
20
Article
17
01
Vowel reduction and vowel harmony in Eastern Catalan loanword phonology
1
A01
Teresa Cabré
Cabré, Teresa
Teresa
Cabré
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
The aim of this paper is to account for the phonological adaptation of loanwords in Eastern Catalan. As the phonology of these new words deviates from that of the native Catalan vocabulary set (with a certain amount of variation among speakers), the new phonetic features would seem to be borrowed from Spanish. We suggest that a new phonology has emerged whose purpose is to identify loans among the lexicon, the most striking element of this phonology being a harmony effect on stressed mid vowels in the presence of post-tonic [+ATR] mid vowels. The existence of unstressed [+ATR] mid vowels [e, o] in Eastern Catalan has been previously interpreted as lexical exceptions to vowel reduction (Fabra 1912 and Mascaró 2002, among others). However, the phonetic variation in the new lexicon is analyzed here as being fully consistent with Catalan phonology within the theory of lexical strata (Itô & Mester 1999).
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.14ind
287
290
4
Article
18
01
Index of Subjects and Languages
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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04
20091028
2009
John Benjamins
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142007786
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
CILT 306 Hb
15
9789027248220
13
2009025637
BB
01
CILT
02
0304-0763
Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
306
01
Phonetics and Phonology
Interactions and interrelations
01
cilt.306
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.306
1
B01
Marina Vigário
Vigário, Marina
Marina
Vigário
University of Lisbon
2
B01
Sónia Frota
Frota, Sónia
Sónia
Frota
University of Lisbon
3
B01
M. João Freitas
Freitas, M. João
M. João
Freitas
University of Lisbon
01
eng
304
vi
290
LAN009000
v.2006
CFH
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PHOT
Phonetics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PHON
Phonology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
The papers included in the volume <i>Phonetics and Phonology: Interactions and interrelations</i> are concerned with some of the multiple possible forms of interactions and interrelations in phonetics and phonology: the phonetic and/or phonological nature of speech patterns, segmental and prosodic interactions, and interactions between segments and features, both in child and in adult language, combining perception and production data, and doing so from theoretically as well as experimentally oriented perspectives. The book is unique in the universe of recent publications for its topic, wide scope and coherent thematic content. It is of interest to all researchers, teachers and students in the fields of phonetics and phonology as well as to those interested in the interplay between production and perception, the organization of grammar and language typology. In general, <i>Phonetics and Phonology. Interactions and interrelations</i> may be a useful companion to all those wishing to widen and deepen their knowledge of the sound structure of language(s).
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.306.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248220.jpg
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248220.tif
06
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.306.hb.png
07
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.306.png
25
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.306.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.306.hb.png
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.00toc
1
12
12
Article
1
01
Introduction
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. Between phonetics and phonology
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.01rie
13
34
22
Article
3
01
Schwa in American English V+/r/ sequences
1
A01
María Riera
Riera, María
María
Riera
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
2
A01
Joaquín Romero
Romero, Joaquín
Joaquín
Romero
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
3
A01
Ben Parrell
Parrell, Ben
Ben
Parrell
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
01
This paper presents an acoustic study of word-final V+/<b>r</b>/ sequences in AmericanEnglish. The objectives were (i) to identify the presence of a schwa-like element inthe VC transitions, (ii) to investigate how this presence is related to the phonetic/phonological nature of V, and (iii) to determine whether the spectral anddurational characteristics of this element vary as a function of speaking rate. Twospeakers participated in the experiment. Formant and duration measurementsaccounted for (i) differences between the schwa-like element and canonicalschwa and (ii) variability in the schwa-like element and V. One-way ANOVAstested for formant and duration differences, while two-way ANOVAs tested forthe relationship between formant variability in the schwa-like element and V.The results suggest that the presence of a highly variable schwa-like element inthe V+/<b>r</b>/ sequences is (i) a generalized process affecting all contexts and (ii) theresult of coarticulation rather than epenthesis/insertion.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.02ort
35
50
16
Article
4
01
Perception of word stress in Castilian Spanish
The effects of sentence intonation and vowel type
1
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Pilar Prieto
Prieto, Pilar
Pilar
Prieto
ICREA & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
We provide evidence for the perception of the stress contrast in unaccented contexts in Spanish. Twenty participants were asked to identify oxytone words which varied orthogonally in two bi-dimensional paroxytone-oxytone continua: one of duration and spectral tilt, and the other of duration and overall intensity. Results indicate that duration and overall intensity were cues to stress, while spectral tilt was not. Moreover, stress detection depended on vowel type: the stress contrast was perceived more consistently in [a] than in [i]. Thus, in spite of lacking vowel reduction, stress in Spanish has its own phonetic material in the absence of pitch accents. However, we cannot speak of cues to stress in general since they depend on the characteristics of the vowel.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.03pri
51
70
20
Article
5
01
Do complex pitch gestures induce syllable lengthening in Catalan and Spanish?
1
A01
Pilar Prieto
Prieto, Pilar
Pilar
Prieto
ICREA & Universitat Pompeu Fabra
2
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
01
In both Spanish and Catalan, narrow contrastive focus and presentational broad focus in nuclear position have different pitch accent choices, namely a rising or a falling pitch accent, respectively. In words with final stress, narrow contrastive focus displays a rise-fall complex pitch gesture in the last syllable of the utterance. This article investigates the effects of the complexity of such a pitch pattern on the durational properties of the syllables in both languages when compared to the simpler falling pitch movement. The results of the production experiment reveal that, in general, the presence of a complex pitch pattern tends to have a lengthening effect on the target syllable. Yet we also find that some instances of this complex contour can be partially truncated, in which case it does <i>not</i> trigger lengthening. In sum, even though truncation and compression have been claimed to be language- and dialect-specific strategies (Ladd 1996; Grabe 1998; Grabe et al. 2000), in our data, truncation can be considered a speaker phonetic realization strategy that interacts with timing in such a way that there is a trade-off relationship between the two factors.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.04man
71
90
20
Article
6
01
Cues to contrastive focus in Romanian
1
A01
Alis Manolescu
Manolescu, Alis
Alis
Manolescu
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Daniel Olson
Olson, Daniel
Daniel
Olson
University of Texas at Austin
3
A01
Marta Ortega-Llebaria
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
Marta
Ortega-Llebaria
University of Texas at Austin
01
In this study we measured patterns of pitch alignment, pitch range and duration in relation to broad and contrastive focus in Romanian. In declarative sentences with broad focus, speakers place a pitch accent on each lexically stressed syllable with peaks that become progressively lower towards the end of the sentence. In pre-nuclear accents, the peaks align with the post-tonic syllable. In declarative sentences with contrastive focus, speakers use strategies based on pitch and duration in order to build a maximum contrast between the word under focus and those in pre- and post-focal contexts: an expanded pitch range under focus and a reduced pitch range and shorter stressed syllables in pre- and post-focal contexts. Thus, the flat F0 and shorter segmental durations in pre- and post-focal contexts constitute a background that, in contrast, highlights the segmental durations and expanded pitch ranges found under contrastive focus.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.05che
91
106
16
Article
7
01
The phonetics of sentence-initial topic and focus in adult and child Dutch
The
phonetics of sentence-initial topic and focus in adult and child Dutch
1
A01
Aoju Chen
Chen, Aoju
Aoju
Chen
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
01
This study investigates whether adults and children use phonetic means to distinguish sentence-initial topic and focus marked with the same accent type (H*L) in Dutch declaratives. It was found that in adults’ speech, the falling accent starts to fall earlier and has a larger F0 excursion and lower F0 minimum in focus than in topic. Further, the low F0 is maintained longer in focus. Moreover, the accented syllable and word are longer in focus than in topic. In contrast, children do not yet use any of the phonetic cues to distinguish topic and focus at the age of 4 or 5. At the age of 7 or 8, they become adult-like only in the use of F0 lowering. Considering that children are fully adult-like in phonological marking of topic and focus at the age of 7 or 8, our findings suggest that phonetic marking is acquired later than phonological marking.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p2
Section header
8
01
Part II. Segmental and prosodic interactions
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.06arb
109
136
28
Article
9
01
Prosodic structure and consonant development across languages
1
A01
Timothy Arbisi-Kelm
Arbisi-Kelm, Timothy
Timothy
Arbisi-Kelm
University of Wisconsin-Madison
2
A01
Mary E. Beckman
Beckman, Mary E.
Mary E.
Beckman
The Ohio State University
01
This paper relates consonant development in first-language acquisition to the mastery of rhythmic structure, starting with the emergence of the “core syllable” in babbling. We first review results on very early phonetic development that suggest how a rich hierarchy of language-specific metrical structures might emerge from a universal developmental progression of basic utterance rhythms in interaction with ambient language input. We then describe salient differences in prosodic structures across the languages being studied in a cross-language investigation of phonological development, in which we are eliciting and analyzing recordings from hundreds of children aged two years through five years who are acquiring Cantonese, English, Greek, or Japanese. Finally, we present examples of how patterns of disfluent consonant production differ across children acquiring the different languages in this set, in ways that seem to be related to the differences in metrical organization across the languages.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.07whi
137
158
22
Article
10
01
Rhythmic and prosodic contrast in Venetan and Sicilian Italian
1
A01
Laurence White
White, Laurence
Laurence
White
University of Bristol
2
A01
Elinor Payne
Payne, Elinor
Elinor
Payne
University of Oxford
3
A01
Sven L. Mattys
Mattys, Sven L.
Sven L.
Mattys
University of Bristol
01
We compared the Italian of speakers from the Veneto, in the north of Italy, and from Sicily, in the far south, looking for evidence of rhythmic and prosodic differences. We found no reliable differences in scores for rhythm metrics (VarcoV, %V, VarcoC) for Venetan and Sicilian, with both varieties having scores similar to French and indicative of a greater durational marking of stress than Spanish. However, we found much stronger prosodic timing effects in Sicilian Italian, with stressed vowels in nuclear utterance-final position twice as long as in prenuclear utterance-medial position. We also found evidence of differential patterns of vowel reduction: Sicilian showed greater modulation of F1 and F2 values according to stress and prosodic position, indicating greater vowel centralisation in prosodically-weak contexts than in Venetan Italian. Overall, the results indicated greater prosodic contrast in southern Italian, and suggest that multiple factors contribute to the perception of rhythmic differences.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.08cab
159
180
22
Article
11
01
Stem boundary and stress effects on syllabification in Spanish
1
A01
Teresa Cabré
Cabré, Teresa
Teresa
Cabré
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
2
A01
Maria Ohannesian
Ohannesian, Maria
Maria
Ohannesian
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.09sch
181
202
22
Article
12
01
Prosodic and segmental effects on vowel intrusion duration in Spanish /rC/ clusters
1
A01
Benjamin Schmeiser
Schmeiser, Benjamin
Benjamin
Schmeiser
Illinois State University
01
The purpose of this study was to test prosodic and segmental effects on vowel intrusion duration in Spanish /rC/ clusters. For each cluster, I measured the acoustic duration of the intervening intrusive vowel and then analyzed the mean intrusive vowel duration under the scope of seven hypotheses based on prosodic and segmental factors. The current study consisted of twenty-nine participants across six countries and I obtained a total of 496 intrusive vowels. The study suggests that one prosodic factor, namely across a word boundary, and one segmental factor, order of constriction location, significantly affect intrusive vowel duration; data analysis for prosodic stress, heterorganic vs. homorganic, C<sub>2</sub> voicing, and manner and place of articulation did not evidence significant results. Finally, I discuss the findings in theoretical terms, using Articulatory Phonology (Browman & Goldstein, 1989, et seq.), including the prosodic (p-) gestural model (Byrd & Saltzman 2003; Byrd et al. 2006).
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.p3
Section header
13
01
Part III. Interactions between segments and features
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.10sol
205
234
30
Article
14
01
Acoustic and aerodynamic factors in the interaction of features
The case of nasality and voicing
1
A01
Maria-Josep Solé
Solé, Maria-Josep
Maria-Josep
Solé
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
This paper presents an account of the physical factors responsible for crosslinguistically common patterns of co-occurrence between values of the features [voice] and [nasal]. Specifically, it offers explanations for why nasals are typically voiced and why voiced obstruents are often accompanied by nasalization, or in terms of features, why [+voice] and [+nasal] co-occur so often and in such a variety of ways. First, it addresses the <i>acoustic-auditory</i> factors responsible for glottal vibration favoring the perceptibility of nasalization. Second, it examines the <i>aerodynamic</i> factors responsible for nasality facilitating glottal vibration. In particular, it suggests that nasal leakage is a maneuver to facilitate voicing in the stop and to preserve the voicing contrast. The paper also argues that if the interaction between the two features can be explained by phonetic principles, then there is no need to encode the patterns of co-occurrence as redundancy rules or constraints in universal grammar. Furthermore, phonological representations that assign the nasal valve and the larynx to separate nodes cannot capture the interaction between nasality and voicing and the co-occurrence patterns.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.11bat
235
246
12
Article
15
01
Fixed and variable properties of the palatalization of dental stops in Brazilian Portuguese
In an Italian immigrant community
1
A01
Elisa Battisti
Battisti, Elisa
Elisa
Battisti
University of Caxias do Sul
2
A01
Ben Hermans
Hermans, Ben
Ben
Hermans
Meertens Institute
01
Assuming that unranked constraints generate variation and that features can reoccur at various levels in the segmental tree, the variable palatalization of dental stops in a speech variety of Brazilian Portuguese is analyzed as a process which is applied in order to link C(Aperture) of high vowels to a higher consonantal position, explaining the cross-linguistic tendency of high vowels to spread to preceding segments. A mixed approach which includes the representation of segments and the set of constraints referring to vowels and the metrical grid is adopted to explain the different rates of palatalization by underlying high vowels and raised vowels.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.12can
247
266
20
Article
16
01
Post-tonic vowel harmony in some dialects of Central Italy
The role of prosodic structure, contrast and consonants
1
A01
Stefano Canalis
Canalis, Stefano
Stefano
Canalis
Università di Padova
01
In Central Italy several dialects display post-tonic regressive vowel harmony, by which post-tonic vowels copy all the features of the word-final vowel. On the basis of phonetic and phonological arguments I argue that the penultimate vowel of proparoxytones, the typical target of this process, is a prosodically weak position, which makes it a good target for assimilation. In some dialects harmony is active only if a liquid consonant intervenes between the trigger and target vowels; since in these dialects liquids do not contrast for place, underspecification can explain this asymmetry. Since place specification of non-liquid consonants is required in other varieties, which nevertheless display harmony across any intervening consonant, following Clements (2001) I argue that in this case some nodes of feature geometry are not active.
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.13cab
267
286
20
Article
17
01
Vowel reduction and vowel harmony in Eastern Catalan loanword phonology
1
A01
Teresa Cabré
Cabré, Teresa
Teresa
Cabré
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
01
The aim of this paper is to account for the phonological adaptation of loanwords in Eastern Catalan. As the phonology of these new words deviates from that of the native Catalan vocabulary set (with a certain amount of variation among speakers), the new phonetic features would seem to be borrowed from Spanish. We suggest that a new phonology has emerged whose purpose is to identify loans among the lexicon, the most striking element of this phonology being a harmony effect on stressed mid vowels in the presence of post-tonic [+ATR] mid vowels. The existence of unstressed [+ATR] mid vowels [e, o] in Eastern Catalan has been previously interpreted as lexical exceptions to vowel reduction (Fabra 1912 and Mascaró 2002, among others). However, the phonetic variation in the new lexicon is analyzed here as being fully consistent with Catalan phonology within the theory of lexical strata (Itô & Mester 1999).
10
01
JB code
cilt.306.14ind
287
290
4
Article
18
01
Index of Subjects and Languages
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