219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201608250355 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
510010382 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 321 Eb 15 9789027274663 06 10.1075/cilt.321 13 2012002090 DG 002 02 01 CILT 02 0304-0763 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 321 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language Contact and Development around the North Sea</TitleText> 01 cilt.321 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.321 1 B01 Merja Stenroos Stenroos, Merja Merja Stenroos University of Stavanger 2 B01 Martti Mäkinen Mäkinen, Martti Martti Mäkinen Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki 3 B01 Inge Særheim Særheim, Inge Inge Særheim University of Stavanger 01 eng 251 xvi 235 LAN009000 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 06 01 This volume brings together eleven studies on the history of language and writing in the North Sea area, with focus on contacts and interchanges through time. Its range spans from the investigation of pre-Germanic place-names to present-day Shetland; the materials studied include glosses, legal and trade documents as well as place names and modern dialects. The volume is unique in its combination of linguistics and place-name studies with literacy studies, which allows for a very dynamic picture of the history of language contact and texts in the North Sea area. Different approaches come together to illuminate a major insight: the omnipresence of multilingualism as a context for language development and a formative characteristic of literacy. Among the contributors are experts on English, Nordic and German language history. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students working on the history of Northern European languages, literacy studies and language contact 05 The volume is a valuable contribution to ongoing research into language contact and multilingualism in northern Europe. Many connections can be drawn between the different articles and sections of the volume. Scholars with special interests in the early Anglo-Saxon period, Celtic contacts, or Scandinavian influences on Northern English and Scots will find much of interest here. Stephen Laker, in Journal of English and Germanic Philosophy 112:3 (July 2013) 05 Es handelt sich alles in allem gesehen um einen gelungenen und sehr lesenswerten Sammelband mit guten und z.T. auch zukunftsweisenden Beiträgen zum Thema Kommunikation und Schriftlichkeit im mittelalterlichen Nordseeraum. Kurt Braunmüller, Institut für Germanistik I, Hamburg, in NOWELE Vol. 67:2 (2014) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.321.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248398.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248398.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.321.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.321.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.321.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.321.hb.png 10 01 JB code cilt.321.001pre vii viii 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface &#38; Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.002int ix xvi 8 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Editors&#8217; introduction</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. The evidence of place-names</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.01hou 1 22 22 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Celts in Scandinavian Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Place-names and language contact reconsidered</Subtitle> 1 A01 Carole Hough Hough, Carole Carole Hough University of Glasgow 01 According to established models of language contact, communication between incoming settlers and indigenous populations leads to the survival of place-names, whose role as labels means that they can easily be transferred between groups of speakers without understanding of semantic content. The paucity of pre-Norse place-names in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland, like the paucity of pre-Anglo-Saxon place-names in southern Britain, has therefore been taken to reflect a lack of continuity of settlement that is at odds with the archaeological and historical record. This chapter argues that, during the Anglo-Saxon and Viking Ages, place-names served functional purposes, where semantic content was important. This may account for the loss of place-names that were semantically opaque to incoming settlers. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.02udo 23 52 30 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The colonisation of England by Germanic tribes on the basis of place-names</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">colonisation of England by Germanic tribes on the basis of place-names</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Jürgen Udolph Udolph, Jürgen Jürgen Udolph University of Leipzig 01 After the Romans had left the Province of Britannia, Germanic tribes were able to conquer and settle the land. In accordance with the literary sources, Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland are often considered the origin of these Germanic tribes. However, place names have rarely been used to determine the movements of the tribes. By identifying transferred place-names that were carried over by the emigrants, this chapter tries to locate the continental origins of the Germanic settlers. It argues that the Germanic tribes who invaded England during the fifth century did not come directly from Schleswig and Denmark across the North Sea, but rather from parts of Northern Germany, the Netherlands and Flanders, across the Channel. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.03sae 53 66 14 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Ancient toponyms in south-west Norway</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Origin and formation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Inge Særheim Særheim, Inge Inge Særheim University of Stavanger 01 This chapter considers the origin and formation of old toponyms in Rogaland, south-west Norway, and relates to an ongoing discussion about the oldest toponyms in north-west Europe. A central question is whether names are formed with a productive suffix (<i>primary naming</i>), suggesting an early date, or from a derivative word (<i>secondary naming</i>). Many Norwegian island and fjord names contain suffixes used in the Germanic period or earlier, e.g. <i>r</i> in <i>Sira</i> and <i>s</i> in <i>Jelsa</i>. These suffixes are also found in some unique settlement names from J&#230;ren (Mid-Rogaland), e.g. <i>Goa</i>, <i>Soma</i>, <i>Lima</i> and <i>Orre</i>, and they are common in old European hydronyms. Most names discussed seem to be examples of primary naming; however, while they seem to reflect ancient settlements, there is no convincing evidence for a pre-Indo-European element. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec2 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Code selection in written texts</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.04hag 67 80 14 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On vernacular literacy in late medieval Norway</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan Ragnar Hagland Hagland, Jan Ragnar Jan Ragnar Hagland Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 01 For the study of literate people and local administrative literacy in late medieval Norway, a relatively large corpus of charters constitutes practically all the available source material. The present chapter tries to shed some light upon this material and to explore what answers we may deduce from it. Who were the literate people in Norway, apart from a few trained scribes in administrative positions, and to what extent is it possible to unveil literacy on the basis of the source material we have got&#63; These are difficult questions to answer with any precision, but a distinct process of literarization can be observed, which is to say that the situation was less miserable than has traditionally been claimed in Norwegian historiography. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.05nes 81 98 18 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Four languages, one text type</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The neighbours&#8217; books of Bryggen 1529&#8211;1936</Subtitle> 1 A01 Agnete Nesse Nesse, Agnete Agnete Nesse University of Bergen 01 The present chapter discusses bilingualism and language shifts in Bergen, Norway, by analysing one specific text type: the neighbours&#8217; books of Bryggen, produced in the period 1529&#8211;1936. The examples of language shifts found in these books are analysed and discussed with regard to types of bilingualism and diglossia, and placed in relation to the sociolinguistic conditions in Bergen. Emphasis is put on the different patterns of language shift, on the linguistic distance between the varieties, and on language attitudes. The language of the books changes first from Low German to High German, during the 17th century. The second shift, from High German to Danish, takes place between 1770 and 1820. The third shift, from Danish to Norwegian is a phenomenon of the 20th century. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.06wri 99 116 18 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On variation and change in London medieval mixed-language business documents</TitleText> 1 A01 Laura Wright Wright, Laura Laura Wright University of Cambridge 01 This paper considers evidence for diachronic change in medieval mixed-language business writing produced in London in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The relevant languages were Middle English, Anglo-Norman and Medieval Latin, and the mixed-language system is briefly described, consisting of function words in either Medieval Latin or Anglo-Norman (depending on which was chosen as the matrix), and an amount of lexical items in English. The changes discussed concentrate around the end of the fourteenth century, which is when English resurfaced as a written language (the Norman administration had replaced English with Latin and French for written purposes). Further, it seems likely that spoken Anglo-Norman, as a language of bilinguals in Britain, died out at the end of the fourteenth century, which seems to have been pivotal. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec3 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Linguistic developments and contact situations</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.07kil 117 140 24 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Old English&#8211;Late British language contact and the English progressive</TitleText> 1 A01 Kristin Killie Killie, Kristin Kristin Killie University of Tromsø 01 This chapter assesses the hypothesis that the Late British verbal noun construction influenced what was to become the English progressive. Evidence from archaeology, genetics, second language acquisition research, contact linguistics and grammaticalization studies is assessed and compared. The conclusion is that the socio-historical conditions may have been conducive to linguistic influence from Late British onto Old English. However, given the dynamic nature of progressive and imperfective forms, evidence from more recent varieties of Celtic and English cannot be used as evidence. It is also argued that what causes contact-induced influence is similarity of function, not form; thus, the Late British verbal noun construction may well have influenced not the Old English verbal noun construction, but the Old English participial progressive. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.08col 141 168 28 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Old English origins of the Northern Subject Rule</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Old English origins of the Northern Subject Rule</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from the <i>Lindisfarne</i> gloss to the Gospels of John and Mark</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcelle Cole Cole, Marcelle Marcelle Cole University of Seville 01 It has generally been assumed that the Northern Subject Rule (NSR), a grammatical constraint which conditioned present verbal morphology in northern Middle English according to the type and position of the subject, did not exist in Old Northumbrian (Pietsch 2005; de Haas 2008). Using data from the tenth-century Northumbrian gloss to the Latin Gospelbook the <i>Lindisfarne</i> <i>Gospels</i>, this paper aims to show that the distribution of present verbal morphology in <i>Lindisfarne</i> indicates that the syntactic configuration at the crux of the NSR was already a feature of Old Northumbrian. The OE dating for the NSR suggested by these findings may consequentially strengthen the argument for a Brittonic derivation of the NSR (Klemola 2000; Vennemann 2001; de Haas 2008; Benskin 2011). 10 01 JB code cilt.321.09sci 169 192 24 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">For Heaven&#8217;s sake</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The Scandinavian contribution to a semantic field in Old and Middle English</Subtitle> 1 A01 Claudia DiSciacca DiSciacca, Claudia Claudia DiSciacca University of Udine 01 This chapter deals with the Scandinavian loanwords <i>sky</i> and <i>loft</i> and their role in the configuration of the semantic field concerning &#8220;sky&#8221;, &#8220;air&#8221;, and &#8220;cloud&#8221; during the transition between Old and Middle English. It outlines the etymology and Germanic cognates of the two words and explores the contexts of their first occurrences in Old and Middle English. I examine the relationship between ON <i>sk&#253;</i> and <i>lopt</i> and their Anglo-Saxon cognates, OE <i>sc&#275;o</i> and <i>lyft</i>, reaching the conclusion that they cannot be considered to be competing doublets and that the success of Norse-derived <i>sky</i> and <i>loft</i> over or alongside their native equivalents can be put down to a process of semantic differentiation and specialisation within the semantic field. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.10lor 193 212 20 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">North Sea timber trade terminology in the Early Modern period</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The cargo inventory for the <i>White Lamb</i> revisited</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marjorie Lorvik Lorvik, Marjorie Marjorie Lorvik University of Agder 01 This chapter continues an earlier investigation that considers whether terms for timber items in an inventory in Scots for a Danish-owned ship&#8217;s timber cargo from Norway, dated 1698, could have been mutually intelligible among timber traders from the various North Sea countries in the Early Modern period. The apparent existence of cognates for nearly all the terms examined, along with the desire to communicate in order to do business, could explain the absence of a North Sea trade pidgin similar to the Pomor trade&#8217;s <i>Russenorsk</i>. While the etymological investigation focuses mainly on Scots and Norwegian, cognates in other North Sea languages are also considered. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.11mel 213 230 18 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8216;Nornomania&#8217; in the research on language in the Northern Isles</TitleText> 1 A01 Gunnel Melchers Melchers, Gunnel Gunnel Melchers University of Stockholm 01 &#8216;Nornomania&#8217; refers to the alleged obsession with the Scandinavian (&#8216;Norn&#8217;) heritage in research on the dialects of Orkney and Shetland, as first addressed by Smith (1996). This paper explores the impact of a &#8216;Norn bias&#8217; on dialect research devoted to the Northern Isles, from Jakobsen&#8217;s monumental investigation at the end of the 19th century to ongoing projects. Whereas the commitment to rescue and single out the Scandinavian element in Shetland and Orkney dialect has resulted in massive and valuable data collections, it has also, to some extent, flawed the analysis and presentation of the material. The ideal researcher of these dialects should, in fact, not only be well versed in Old Norse and Norwegian dialects but also in Scots. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.12ind 231 236 6 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index of subjects, terms &#38; languages</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20120418 2012 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027248398 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 105.00 EUR R 01 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 158.00 USD S 102010381 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 321 Hb 15 9789027248398 13 2012002090 BB 01 CILT 02 0304-0763 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 321 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Language Contact and Development around the North Sea</TitleText> 01 cilt.321 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.321 1 B01 Merja Stenroos Stenroos, Merja Merja Stenroos University of Stavanger 2 B01 Martti Mäkinen Mäkinen, Martti Martti Mäkinen Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki 3 B01 Inge Særheim Særheim, Inge Inge Særheim University of Stavanger 01 eng 251 xvi 235 LAN009000 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 06 01 This volume brings together eleven studies on the history of language and writing in the North Sea area, with focus on contacts and interchanges through time. Its range spans from the investigation of pre-Germanic place-names to present-day Shetland; the materials studied include glosses, legal and trade documents as well as place names and modern dialects. The volume is unique in its combination of linguistics and place-name studies with literacy studies, which allows for a very dynamic picture of the history of language contact and texts in the North Sea area. Different approaches come together to illuminate a major insight: the omnipresence of multilingualism as a context for language development and a formative characteristic of literacy. Among the contributors are experts on English, Nordic and German language history. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students working on the history of Northern European languages, literacy studies and language contact 05 The volume is a valuable contribution to ongoing research into language contact and multilingualism in northern Europe. Many connections can be drawn between the different articles and sections of the volume. Scholars with special interests in the early Anglo-Saxon period, Celtic contacts, or Scandinavian influences on Northern English and Scots will find much of interest here. Stephen Laker, in Journal of English and Germanic Philosophy 112:3 (July 2013) 05 Es handelt sich alles in allem gesehen um einen gelungenen und sehr lesenswerten Sammelband mit guten und z.T. auch zukunftsweisenden Beiträgen zum Thema Kommunikation und Schriftlichkeit im mittelalterlichen Nordseeraum. Kurt Braunmüller, Institut für Germanistik I, Hamburg, in NOWELE Vol. 67:2 (2014) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.321.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027248398.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027248398.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.321.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.321.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.321.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.321.hb.png 10 01 JB code cilt.321.001pre vii viii 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface &#38; Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.002int ix xvi 8 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Editors&#8217; introduction</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. The evidence of place-names</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.01hou 1 22 22 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Celts in Scandinavian Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Place-names and language contact reconsidered</Subtitle> 1 A01 Carole Hough Hough, Carole Carole Hough University of Glasgow 01 According to established models of language contact, communication between incoming settlers and indigenous populations leads to the survival of place-names, whose role as labels means that they can easily be transferred between groups of speakers without understanding of semantic content. The paucity of pre-Norse place-names in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland, like the paucity of pre-Anglo-Saxon place-names in southern Britain, has therefore been taken to reflect a lack of continuity of settlement that is at odds with the archaeological and historical record. This chapter argues that, during the Anglo-Saxon and Viking Ages, place-names served functional purposes, where semantic content was important. This may account for the loss of place-names that were semantically opaque to incoming settlers. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.02udo 23 52 30 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The colonisation of England by Germanic tribes on the basis of place-names</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">colonisation of England by Germanic tribes on the basis of place-names</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Jürgen Udolph Udolph, Jürgen Jürgen Udolph University of Leipzig 01 After the Romans had left the Province of Britannia, Germanic tribes were able to conquer and settle the land. In accordance with the literary sources, Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland are often considered the origin of these Germanic tribes. However, place names have rarely been used to determine the movements of the tribes. By identifying transferred place-names that were carried over by the emigrants, this chapter tries to locate the continental origins of the Germanic settlers. It argues that the Germanic tribes who invaded England during the fifth century did not come directly from Schleswig and Denmark across the North Sea, but rather from parts of Northern Germany, the Netherlands and Flanders, across the Channel. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.03sae 53 66 14 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Ancient toponyms in south-west Norway</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Origin and formation</Subtitle> 1 A01 Inge Særheim Særheim, Inge Inge Særheim University of Stavanger 01 This chapter considers the origin and formation of old toponyms in Rogaland, south-west Norway, and relates to an ongoing discussion about the oldest toponyms in north-west Europe. A central question is whether names are formed with a productive suffix (<i>primary naming</i>), suggesting an early date, or from a derivative word (<i>secondary naming</i>). Many Norwegian island and fjord names contain suffixes used in the Germanic period or earlier, e.g. <i>r</i> in <i>Sira</i> and <i>s</i> in <i>Jelsa</i>. These suffixes are also found in some unique settlement names from J&#230;ren (Mid-Rogaland), e.g. <i>Goa</i>, <i>Soma</i>, <i>Lima</i> and <i>Orre</i>, and they are common in old European hydronyms. Most names discussed seem to be examples of primary naming; however, while they seem to reflect ancient settlements, there is no convincing evidence for a pre-Indo-European element. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec2 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Code selection in written texts</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.04hag 67 80 14 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On vernacular literacy in late medieval Norway</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan Ragnar Hagland Hagland, Jan Ragnar Jan Ragnar Hagland Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 01 For the study of literate people and local administrative literacy in late medieval Norway, a relatively large corpus of charters constitutes practically all the available source material. The present chapter tries to shed some light upon this material and to explore what answers we may deduce from it. Who were the literate people in Norway, apart from a few trained scribes in administrative positions, and to what extent is it possible to unveil literacy on the basis of the source material we have got&#63; These are difficult questions to answer with any precision, but a distinct process of literarization can be observed, which is to say that the situation was less miserable than has traditionally been claimed in Norwegian historiography. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.05nes 81 98 18 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Four languages, one text type</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The neighbours&#8217; books of Bryggen 1529&#8211;1936</Subtitle> 1 A01 Agnete Nesse Nesse, Agnete Agnete Nesse University of Bergen 01 The present chapter discusses bilingualism and language shifts in Bergen, Norway, by analysing one specific text type: the neighbours&#8217; books of Bryggen, produced in the period 1529&#8211;1936. The examples of language shifts found in these books are analysed and discussed with regard to types of bilingualism and diglossia, and placed in relation to the sociolinguistic conditions in Bergen. Emphasis is put on the different patterns of language shift, on the linguistic distance between the varieties, and on language attitudes. The language of the books changes first from Low German to High German, during the 17th century. The second shift, from High German to Danish, takes place between 1770 and 1820. The third shift, from Danish to Norwegian is a phenomenon of the 20th century. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.06wri 99 116 18 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On variation and change in London medieval mixed-language business documents</TitleText> 1 A01 Laura Wright Wright, Laura Laura Wright University of Cambridge 01 This paper considers evidence for diachronic change in medieval mixed-language business writing produced in London in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The relevant languages were Middle English, Anglo-Norman and Medieval Latin, and the mixed-language system is briefly described, consisting of function words in either Medieval Latin or Anglo-Norman (depending on which was chosen as the matrix), and an amount of lexical items in English. The changes discussed concentrate around the end of the fourteenth century, which is when English resurfaced as a written language (the Norman administration had replaced English with Latin and French for written purposes). Further, it seems likely that spoken Anglo-Norman, as a language of bilinguals in Britain, died out at the end of the fourteenth century, which seems to have been pivotal. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.00sec3 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Linguistic developments and contact situations</TitleText> 10 01 JB code cilt.321.07kil 117 140 24 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Old English&#8211;Late British language contact and the English progressive</TitleText> 1 A01 Kristin Killie Killie, Kristin Kristin Killie University of Tromsø 01 This chapter assesses the hypothesis that the Late British verbal noun construction influenced what was to become the English progressive. Evidence from archaeology, genetics, second language acquisition research, contact linguistics and grammaticalization studies is assessed and compared. The conclusion is that the socio-historical conditions may have been conducive to linguistic influence from Late British onto Old English. However, given the dynamic nature of progressive and imperfective forms, evidence from more recent varieties of Celtic and English cannot be used as evidence. It is also argued that what causes contact-induced influence is similarity of function, not form; thus, the Late British verbal noun construction may well have influenced not the Old English verbal noun construction, but the Old English participial progressive. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.08col 141 168 28 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Old English origins of the Northern Subject Rule</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Old English origins of the Northern Subject Rule</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Evidence from the <i>Lindisfarne</i> gloss to the Gospels of John and Mark</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcelle Cole Cole, Marcelle Marcelle Cole University of Seville 01 It has generally been assumed that the Northern Subject Rule (NSR), a grammatical constraint which conditioned present verbal morphology in northern Middle English according to the type and position of the subject, did not exist in Old Northumbrian (Pietsch 2005; de Haas 2008). Using data from the tenth-century Northumbrian gloss to the Latin Gospelbook the <i>Lindisfarne</i> <i>Gospels</i>, this paper aims to show that the distribution of present verbal morphology in <i>Lindisfarne</i> indicates that the syntactic configuration at the crux of the NSR was already a feature of Old Northumbrian. The OE dating for the NSR suggested by these findings may consequentially strengthen the argument for a Brittonic derivation of the NSR (Klemola 2000; Vennemann 2001; de Haas 2008; Benskin 2011). 10 01 JB code cilt.321.09sci 169 192 24 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">For Heaven&#8217;s sake</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The Scandinavian contribution to a semantic field in Old and Middle English</Subtitle> 1 A01 Claudia DiSciacca DiSciacca, Claudia Claudia DiSciacca University of Udine 01 This chapter deals with the Scandinavian loanwords <i>sky</i> and <i>loft</i> and their role in the configuration of the semantic field concerning &#8220;sky&#8221;, &#8220;air&#8221;, and &#8220;cloud&#8221; during the transition between Old and Middle English. It outlines the etymology and Germanic cognates of the two words and explores the contexts of their first occurrences in Old and Middle English. I examine the relationship between ON <i>sk&#253;</i> and <i>lopt</i> and their Anglo-Saxon cognates, OE <i>sc&#275;o</i> and <i>lyft</i>, reaching the conclusion that they cannot be considered to be competing doublets and that the success of Norse-derived <i>sky</i> and <i>loft</i> over or alongside their native equivalents can be put down to a process of semantic differentiation and specialisation within the semantic field. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.10lor 193 212 20 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">North Sea timber trade terminology in the Early Modern period</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The cargo inventory for the <i>White Lamb</i> revisited</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marjorie Lorvik Lorvik, Marjorie Marjorie Lorvik University of Agder 01 This chapter continues an earlier investigation that considers whether terms for timber items in an inventory in Scots for a Danish-owned ship&#8217;s timber cargo from Norway, dated 1698, could have been mutually intelligible among timber traders from the various North Sea countries in the Early Modern period. The apparent existence of cognates for nearly all the terms examined, along with the desire to communicate in order to do business, could explain the absence of a North Sea trade pidgin similar to the Pomor trade&#8217;s <i>Russenorsk</i>. While the etymological investigation focuses mainly on Scots and Norwegian, cognates in other North Sea languages are also considered. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.11mel 213 230 18 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8216;Nornomania&#8217; in the research on language in the Northern Isles</TitleText> 1 A01 Gunnel Melchers Melchers, Gunnel Gunnel Melchers University of Stockholm 01 &#8216;Nornomania&#8217; refers to the alleged obsession with the Scandinavian (&#8216;Norn&#8217;) heritage in research on the dialects of Orkney and Shetland, as first addressed by Smith (1996). This paper explores the impact of a &#8216;Norn bias&#8217; on dialect research devoted to the Northern Isles, from Jakobsen&#8217;s monumental investigation at the end of the 19th century to ongoing projects. Whereas the commitment to rescue and single out the Scandinavian element in Shetland and Orkney dialect has resulted in massive and valuable data collections, it has also, to some extent, flawed the analysis and presentation of the material. The ideal researcher of these dialects should, in fact, not only be well versed in Old Norse and Norwegian dialects but also in Scots. 10 01 JB code cilt.321.12ind 231 236 6 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index of subjects, terms &#38; languages</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20120418 2012 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 08 595 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 34 18 01 02 JB 1 00 105.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 111.30 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 18 02 02 JB 1 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 18 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 158.00 USD