29025805 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 346 Eb 15 9789027262479 06 10.1075/cilt.346 13 2019018915 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code CILT 02 0304-0763 02 346.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 700 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-2019 01 02 2019 collection (119 titles) 05 02 2019 collection 01 01 Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax 1 B01 01 JB code 675350610 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge University of Augsburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/675350610 2 B01 01 JB code 118350611 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös University of Duisburg-Essen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/118350611 01 eng 11 318 03 03 vi 03 00 312 03 01 23 427 03 2019 PE1098 04 English language--Grammar, Historical. 04 English language--Morphosyntax. 10 LAN009010 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. 03 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. The contributions discuss the loss, rise and restructuring of morphonological marking, periphrastic verbal constructions, auxiliary variation and evolution, as well as changing word order options. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. The book is aimed at scholars interested in the history of the English language and in language variation and change. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.346.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203236.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203236.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.346.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.346.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.346.01cla 06 10.1075/cilt.346.01cla 1 8 8 Chapter 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 883361713 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/883361713 2 A01 01 JB code 185361714 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/185361714 01 01 JB code cilt.346.02ada 06 10.1075/cilt.346.02ada 9 34 26 Chapter 2 01 04 The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection 01 04 Evidence from the Old English nominal system Evidence from the Old English nominal system 1 A01 01 JB code 206361715 Elżbieta Adamczyk Adamczyk, Elżbieta Elżbieta Adamczyk 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/206361715 03 00

This study examines the mechanisms of the reorganisation of the Old English nominal morphology, which embraced a range of phonological and analogical developments conditioned by a variety of factors deriving from different domains. The immediate consequences of these changes are most prominent in the minor (unproductive) declensional classes, whose inflection tended to be remodelled on the patterns of the major (productive) paradigms. The focus of the study is primarily on three factors which had a major impact on the restructuring patterns of the Old English nominal morphology: frequency of occurrence, morpho-phonological salience of inflectional exponents and the formal inflectional overlap across paradigms. Interacting mostly in a synergetic way, they largely determined the shape of the nominal system as it is known now in modern English. The analysed material demonstrates as well that the dynamics of the changes in the nominal system worked towards retaining or enhancing the functionality of the system.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.03mid 06 10.1075/cilt.346.03mid 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 "Subsumed under the dative"? “Subsumed under the dative”? 01 04 The status of the Old English instrumental The status of the Old English instrumental 1 A01 01 JB code 342361716 Kirsten Middeke Middeke, Kirsten Kirsten Middeke 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/342361716 03 00

Most descriptions of Old English grammar do not count the instrumental as a separate case, since distinctly instrumental forms are not available for all lexical categories that are inflected for case in Old English. Assuming that the instrumental has been completely subsumed under the dative is misleading, however. In actual fact, any definite, quantified or adjective-modified masculine or neuter NP in the singular can be marked either dative or instrumental, and a clear functional difference emerges if we contrast noun phrases containing instrumental forms with those containing exclusively dative forms. Instrumental-case NPs are adverbials of time, manner and place, whereas dative-case NPs usually refer to persons and are often verbal arguments. This paper explores the extent to which the instrumental and the dative can be distinguished in Old English, the functional load of the distinction and the degree of its productivity, drawing on the results of collexeme analyses carried out on data from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.04nyk 06 10.1075/cilt.346.04nyk 57 76 20 Chapter 4 01 04 `Thone vpon thother' ‘Thone vpon thother’ 01 04 On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 505361717 Jerzy Nykiel Nykiel, Jerzy Jerzy Nykiel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/505361717 03 00

A frequent result produced by a search of the digital corpora of Middle English (henceforth ME) for instances of reduced th’ is a nominal involving the pronouns one or other with initial th - or t- attached. In this study I argue that two different mechanisms, that is reduction of the definite article and misanalysis of the preceding demonstrative, need to be taken into account when scrutinizing the emergence of what turns out to be four different pronouns, namely thone, thother, tone, and tother. First I flesh out the ways in which these pronouns were used in ME. Then I analyze textual evidence which sheds light on the question when and how these pronouns emerged. Finally I argue that while initial th- is always a definite determiner reduced as expected given the DP cycle, initial t - can be either a definite determiner or, less likely, part of a lexicalized pronoun.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.05col 06 10.1075/cilt.346.05col 77 110 34 Chapter 5 01 04 Leveraging grammaticalization Leveraging grammaticalization 01 04 The origins of Old Frisian and Old English The origins of Old Frisian and Old English 1 A01 01 JB code 698361718 Rebecca Colleran Colleran, Rebecca Rebecca Colleran 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/698361718 03 00

For a long time, the striking similarities between OFris (Old Frisian) and Old English (OE) were attributed to an exclusive shared ancestor (Anglo-Frisian), but in the late 20th century that view was ousted in favor of a dialect continuum model. Recent developments in genetics, textual analysis, and archaeology, however, suggest that the earlier model is more accurate. This paper explores a series of diagnostics to distinguish between shared grammaticalizations caused by linguistic relatedness and those caused by geographical proximity. Those diagnostics are then applied to two developments exclusive to OFris and OE: the grammaticalization of aga(n) ‘have’ into auxiliary ‘have to’, and the development of a verb complement based on the OE/OFris present participle. In both cases, the diagnostics indicate that the changes occurred due to a shared ancestor, supporting the Anglo-Frisian hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.06wis 06 10.1075/cilt.346.06wis 111 128 18 Chapter 6 01 04 Old English wolde and sceolde Old English wolde and sceolde 01 04 A semantic and syntactic analysis A semantic and syntactic analysis 1 A01 01 JB code 722361719 Ilse Wischer Wischer, Ilse Ilse Wischer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/722361719 03 00

The Old English (OE) pre-modals willan and *sculan are generally considered less grammaticalized than their Modern English counterparts will and shall; nevertheless they most often function as auxiliary verbs (cf. Wischer, 2006: 173). Their present tense forms have already been studied in considerable detail, often in the context of their development into future tense markers, while their morphologically past tense forms have received comparatively little attention. In this paper I examine the past forms of willan and *sculan in the poetry texts from the Dictionary of Old English Corpus and categorize them according to their syntactic contexts and the lexical or grammatical meanings they express. Thus, the aim of this paper is to shed light on their past and non-past time-reference, their main verb use versus auxiliary use and the type of modality or other function they can express in periphrastic constructions, and hence their degree of grammaticalization in Old English.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.07riv 06 10.1075/cilt.346.07riv 129 148 20 Chapter 7 01 04 A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 785361720 Sofia Bemposta-Rivas Bemposta-Rivas, Sofia Sofia Bemposta-Rivas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/785361720 03 00

This study argues that the changes undergone by dare in late Middle English cannot be explained solely in terms of the phonological similarity between dare and tharf, but also by the relationship between tharf and the verb need, plus the influence that the latter exerted on dare. The aim of this study is to analyse the semantic and structural changes that the verbs dare, tharf and need undergo in the period between Middle English and Early Modern English. The data are drawn from The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English and The Penn Corpus of Early English Correspondence. The analysis confirms that the verbs dare and tharf were confused in Middle English in non-assertive and 'fear' contexts. With the obsolescence of tharf, dare begins to occur more frequently in assertive contexts, and also starts to exhibit lexical features due to the influence exerted by need.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.08hub 06 10.1075/cilt.346.08hub 149 174 26 Chapter 8 01 04 Counterfactuality and aktionsart Counterfactuality and aktionsart 01 04 Predictors for BE vs. HAVE"+"past participle in Middle English Predictors for BE vs. HAVE + past participle in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 67361721 Judith Huber Huber, Judith Judith Huber 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/67361721 03 00

In Middle English (ME), manner of motion verbs occur in perfect periphrases with both BE and HAVE as auxiliaries (e.g. is/has run, is/has ridden), the BE-variant being the older, the HAVE-variant the more recent form with these verbs. Los (2015) hypothesizes that the choice of auxiliary with manner of motion verbs in ME might depend systematically on aktionsart in that HAVE is chosen when the verb denotes a controlled process (e.g. he has run fast for an hour), and BE when the verb denotes a change of location (e.g. he is run into town), much as in Present-Day Dutch. Also taking into account other factors that have been suggested to influence the choice of BE vs. HAVE in Middle English (such as counterfactuality, infinitive, or past perfect), I test this hypothesis on data from the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. I show that aktionsart is indeed a very reliable predictor, but overridden by counterfactuality.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.09cor 06 10.1075/cilt.346.09cor 175 198 24 Chapter 9 01 04 Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen's letters and novels Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen’s letters and novels 1 A01 01 JB code 233361722 Nuria Calvo Cortés Calvo Cortés, Nuria Nuria Calvo Cortés 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/233361722 03 00

The present study focuses on the analysis of the choice of either be or have in combination with the past participles of eleven motion verbs (arrive, become, come, enter, fall, go, get, grow, pass, return and run) to form perfective structures in Jane Austen’s letters and novels. She has previously been considered conservative in her grammar, specifically in relation to her preference for be as opposed to have in this type of structure. A corpus-based study shows that although she could indeed be considered conservative, the option of the auxiliary might also have been motivated by the different components of the motion situation involved in each instance. The conclusions show that some tendencies can be observed in relation to the behaviour of some of these verbs, despite the low number of occurrences of some of the verbs included in the analysis.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.10sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.10sch 199 222 24 Chapter 10 01 04 Signs of grammaticalization Signs of grammaticalization 01 04 Tracking the get-passive through COHA Tracking the get-passive through COHA 1 A01 01 JB code 382361723 Sarah Schwarz Schwarz, Sarah Sarah Schwarz 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382361723 03 00

In this study, I examine a large number of get-passives from different genres and time periods in the Corpus of Historical American English for signs of grammaticalization by looking for evidence of semantic bleaching and morphosyntactic generalization. A comparable set of be-passives is included as a control group throughout. The study shows a dramatic increase in the frequency of central get-passives between the 1870s and the 1990s. Changes in situation type, subject type, and range of past-participle collocates, which are traced through all four genres in the corpus, provide further indications that the get-passive is continuing to grammaticalize over the period.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.11chr 06 10.1075/cilt.346.11chr 223 246 24 Chapter 11 01 04 From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English 01 04 A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters 1 A01 01 JB code 445361724 Susanne Chrambach Chrambach, Susanne Susanne Chrambach 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/445361724 03 00

In Present-day English, place adverbials tend to precede adverbials of time in clusters (cf. Hasselgård, 1996). In this paper, this word order preference is investigated from a diachronic perspective. The corpus-based analysis shows that the preferred order changes from time-before-place in Old English to place-before-time towards the end of the Middle English period. In a number of binary logistic regressions this study explores which factors might motivate these preferences respectively. The obligatoriness of the adverbials and their realization form emerge as two crucial factors. Their effect can be related to the proximity principle (cf. Hasselgård, 2010), the principle of end weight, and the principle of given-before-new. Comparing the different periods of English from Old English to Early Modern English, this paper shows how the increasingly fixed position of the lexical verb can be linked to the reversal of the ordering preference from time-before-place to place-before-time.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.12sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.12sch 247 268 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics 01 04 Concessive clauses in American English Concessive clauses in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 475361725 Ole Schützler Schützler, Ole Ole Schützler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/475361725 03 00

Based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), this chapter inspects diachronic changes of constructions involving the concessive conjunctions although, though and even though from the 1860s to the present day. Following a short summary of changes in semantics and clause structures, the main focus lies on factors that have an effect on the position of the subordinate clause relative to the matrix clause. A Bayesian logistic regression model is used to investigate in how far the position of a subordinate clause can be predicted from the semantics of the entire construction, the connective that is used, and the weight (or length) of the complement, and whether the preferred positions of subordinate clauses change over time.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.13roh 06 10.1075/cilt.346.13roh 269 286 18 Chapter 13 01 04 Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 737361726 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/737361726 03 00

Picking up on earlier analyses, this paper explores a number of further issues bearing on the replacement of unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones. While the evolutions of individual intensifiers may vary enormously, almost all grammatical constraints on intensifier marking can be accounted for in terms of a verbality cline: Structures displaying a high degree of verbality promote the establishment of suffixed intensifiers whereas less verbal structures tend to delay the process. The major findings supporting this generalization include the following:

  • Past participles, which virtually always function as predicatives, represent one of the earliest categories to implement the change. In this respect, they contrast with present participles, which tend to behave like ordinary adjectives.
  • Compared with predicative adjectives, attributive adjectives have been slow to replace unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones.
  • The establishment of the suffix is further advanced with complemented (non-attributive) adjectives than uncomplemented ones.
01 01 JB code cilt.346.14vos 06 10.1075/cilt.346.14vos 287 308 22 Chapter 14 01 04 The rivalry between far from being"+"predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English The rivalry between far from being + predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 794361727 Uwe Vosberg Vosberg, Uwe Uwe Vosberg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/794361727 2 A01 01 JB code 94361728 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94361728 03 00

Distinguishing between several subtypes of the frame far from + optional and recessive being + predicative phrase, this paper charts the evolution of the rivalling variants in British and American English over the last few centuries. The paper reports on two major findings. First, in line with the Complexity Principle, there is a tendency for more complex predicatives to help preserve the more explicit being variant better than simpler ones. In particular, morphologically complex adjectives and syntactically complex noun phrases in the predicative slot are shown to retain the being variant longer than less complex ones. Second, as regards the establishment of the less explicit zero variant, the relation between British and American English corresponds to the so-called lag and overtake scenario. While initially trailing behind British English, American English has - in more recent times - adopted the zero variant much faster than British English.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.ind 06 10.1075/cilt.346.ind 309 311 3 Miscellaneous 15 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.346 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20190527 C 2019 John Benjamins D 2019 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203236 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027262479 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD
468025828 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 346 GE 15 9789027262479 06 10.1075/cilt.346 13 2019018915 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code CILT 02 JB code 0304-0763 02 346.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 01 01 Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax 1 B01 01 JB code 675350610 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge University of Augsburg 2 B01 01 JB code 118350611 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös University of Duisburg-Essen 01 eng 11 318 03 03 vi 03 00 312 03 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009010 12 CFF 01 06 02 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. 03 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. The contributions discuss the loss, rise and restructuring of morphonological marking, periphrastic verbal constructions, auxiliary variation and evolution, as well as changing word order options. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. The book is aimed at scholars interested in the history of the English language and in language variation and change. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.346.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203236.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203236.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.346.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.346.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.346.01cla 06 10.1075/cilt.346.01cla 1 7 7 Chapter 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 883361713 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge 2 A01 01 JB code 185361714 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös 01 01 JB code cilt.346.02ada 06 10.1075/cilt.346.02ada 9 33 25 Chapter 2 01 04 The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection 01 04 Evidence from the Old English nominal system Evidence from the Old English nominal system 1 A01 01 JB code 206361715 Elżbieta Adamczyk Adamczyk, Elżbieta Elżbieta Adamczyk 01 01 JB code cilt.346.03mid 06 10.1075/cilt.346.03mid 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 "Subsumed under the dative"? “Subsumed under the dative”? 01 04 The status of the Old English instrumental The status of the Old English instrumental 1 A01 01 JB code 342361716 Kirsten Middeke Middeke, Kirsten Kirsten Middeke 01 01 JB code cilt.346.04nyk 06 10.1075/cilt.346.04nyk 57 75 19 Chapter 4 01 04 `Thone vpon thother' ‘Thone vpon thother’ 01 04 On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 505361717 Jerzy Nykiel Nykiel, Jerzy Jerzy Nykiel 01 01 JB code cilt.346.05col 06 10.1075/cilt.346.05col 77 110 34 Chapter 5 01 04 Leveraging grammaticalization Leveraging grammaticalization 01 04 The origins of Old Frisian and Old English The origins of Old Frisian and Old English 1 A01 01 JB code 698361718 Rebecca Colleran Colleran, Rebecca Rebecca Colleran 01 01 JB code cilt.346.06wis 06 10.1075/cilt.346.06wis 111 127 17 Chapter 6 01 04 Old English wolde and sceolde Old English wolde and sceolde 01 04 A semantic and syntactic analysis A semantic and syntactic analysis 1 A01 01 JB code 722361719 Ilse Wischer Wischer, Ilse Ilse Wischer 01 01 JB code cilt.346.07riv 06 10.1075/cilt.346.07riv 129 148 20 Chapter 7 01 04 A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 785361720 Sofia Bemposta-Rivas Bemposta-Rivas, Sofia Sofia Bemposta-Rivas 01 01 JB code cilt.346.08hub 06 10.1075/cilt.346.08hub 149 173 25 Chapter 8 01 04 Counterfactuality and aktionsart Counterfactuality and aktionsart 01 04 Predictors for BE vs. HAVE"+"past participle in Middle English Predictors for BE vs. HAVE + past participle in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 67361721 Judith Huber Huber, Judith Judith Huber 01 01 JB code cilt.346.09cor 06 10.1075/cilt.346.09cor 175 198 24 Chapter 9 01 04 Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen's letters and novels Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen’s letters and novels 1 A01 01 JB code 233361722 Nuria Calvo Cortés Calvo Cortés, Nuria Nuria Calvo Cortés 01 01 JB code cilt.346.10sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.10sch 199 221 23 Chapter 10 01 04 Signs of grammaticalization Signs of grammaticalization 01 04 Tracking the get-passive through COHA Tracking the get-passive through COHA 1 A01 01 JB code 382361723 Sarah Schwarz Schwarz, Sarah Sarah Schwarz 01 01 JB code cilt.346.11chr 06 10.1075/cilt.346.11chr 223 246 24 Chapter 11 01 04 From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English 01 04 A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters 1 A01 01 JB code 445361724 Susanne Chrambach Chrambach, Susanne Susanne Chrambach 01 01 JB code cilt.346.12sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.12sch 247 268 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics 01 04 Concessive clauses in American English Concessive clauses in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 475361725 Ole Schützler Schützler, Ole Ole Schützler 01 01 JB code cilt.346.13roh 06 10.1075/cilt.346.13roh 269 285 17 Chapter 13 01 04 Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 737361726 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 01 01 JB code cilt.346.14vos 06 10.1075/cilt.346.14vos 287 307 21 Chapter 14 01 04 The rivalry between far from being"+"predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English The rivalry between far from being + predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 794361727 Uwe Vosberg Vosberg, Uwe Uwe Vosberg 2 A01 01 JB code 94361728 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 01 01 JB code cilt.346.ind 06 10.1075/cilt.346.ind 309 312 4 Miscellaneous 15 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20190527 C 2019 John Benjamins D 2019 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203236 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD 988025804 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 346 Hb 15 9789027203236 06 10.1075/cilt.346 13 2019003730 00 BB 08 725 gr 10 01 JB code CILT 02 0304-0763 02 346.00 01 02 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 01 01 Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax Developments in English Historical Morpho-Syntax 1 B01 01 JB code 675350610 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge University of Augsburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/675350610 2 B01 01 JB code 118350611 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös University of Duisburg-Essen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/118350611 01 eng 11 318 03 03 vi 03 00 312 03 01 23 427 03 2019 PE1098 04 English language--Grammar, Historical. 04 English language--Morphosyntax. 10 LAN009010 12 CFF 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.MORPH Morphology 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. 03 00 Spanning the time from Old English to modern American English, this volume provides fresh perspectives on core issues and theories in the morphosyntactic history of English nominal, verbal and adverbial constructions. The contributions discuss the loss, rise and restructuring of morphonological marking, periphrastic verbal constructions, auxiliary variation and evolution, as well as changing word order options. Favouring corpus-linguistic, frequency-based and statistical approaches, the studies are firmly empirically grounded. The book is aimed at scholars interested in the history of the English language and in language variation and change. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.346.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203236.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203236.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.346.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.346.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.346.hb.png 01 01 JB code cilt.346.01cla 06 10.1075/cilt.346.01cla 1 8 8 Chapter 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 883361713 Claudia Claridge Claridge, Claudia Claudia Claridge 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/883361713 2 A01 01 JB code 185361714 Birte Bös Bös, Birte Birte Bös 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/185361714 01 01 JB code cilt.346.02ada 06 10.1075/cilt.346.02ada 9 34 26 Chapter 2 01 04 The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection 01 04 Evidence from the Old English nominal system Evidence from the Old English nominal system 1 A01 01 JB code 206361715 Elżbieta Adamczyk Adamczyk, Elżbieta Elżbieta Adamczyk 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/206361715 03 00

This study examines the mechanisms of the reorganisation of the Old English nominal morphology, which embraced a range of phonological and analogical developments conditioned by a variety of factors deriving from different domains. The immediate consequences of these changes are most prominent in the minor (unproductive) declensional classes, whose inflection tended to be remodelled on the patterns of the major (productive) paradigms. The focus of the study is primarily on three factors which had a major impact on the restructuring patterns of the Old English nominal morphology: frequency of occurrence, morpho-phonological salience of inflectional exponents and the formal inflectional overlap across paradigms. Interacting mostly in a synergetic way, they largely determined the shape of the nominal system as it is known now in modern English. The analysed material demonstrates as well that the dynamics of the changes in the nominal system worked towards retaining or enhancing the functionality of the system.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.03mid 06 10.1075/cilt.346.03mid 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 "Subsumed under the dative"? “Subsumed under the dative”? 01 04 The status of the Old English instrumental The status of the Old English instrumental 1 A01 01 JB code 342361716 Kirsten Middeke Middeke, Kirsten Kirsten Middeke 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/342361716 03 00

Most descriptions of Old English grammar do not count the instrumental as a separate case, since distinctly instrumental forms are not available for all lexical categories that are inflected for case in Old English. Assuming that the instrumental has been completely subsumed under the dative is misleading, however. In actual fact, any definite, quantified or adjective-modified masculine or neuter NP in the singular can be marked either dative or instrumental, and a clear functional difference emerges if we contrast noun phrases containing instrumental forms with those containing exclusively dative forms. Instrumental-case NPs are adverbials of time, manner and place, whereas dative-case NPs usually refer to persons and are often verbal arguments. This paper explores the extent to which the instrumental and the dative can be distinguished in Old English, the functional load of the distinction and the degree of its productivity, drawing on the results of collexeme analyses carried out on data from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.04nyk 06 10.1075/cilt.346.04nyk 57 76 20 Chapter 4 01 04 `Thone vpon thother' ‘Thone vpon thother’ 01 04 On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English On pronouns one and other with initial th- and t- in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 505361717 Jerzy Nykiel Nykiel, Jerzy Jerzy Nykiel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/505361717 03 00

A frequent result produced by a search of the digital corpora of Middle English (henceforth ME) for instances of reduced th’ is a nominal involving the pronouns one or other with initial th - or t- attached. In this study I argue that two different mechanisms, that is reduction of the definite article and misanalysis of the preceding demonstrative, need to be taken into account when scrutinizing the emergence of what turns out to be four different pronouns, namely thone, thother, tone, and tother. First I flesh out the ways in which these pronouns were used in ME. Then I analyze textual evidence which sheds light on the question when and how these pronouns emerged. Finally I argue that while initial th- is always a definite determiner reduced as expected given the DP cycle, initial t - can be either a definite determiner or, less likely, part of a lexicalized pronoun.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.05col 06 10.1075/cilt.346.05col 77 110 34 Chapter 5 01 04 Leveraging grammaticalization Leveraging grammaticalization 01 04 The origins of Old Frisian and Old English The origins of Old Frisian and Old English 1 A01 01 JB code 698361718 Rebecca Colleran Colleran, Rebecca Rebecca Colleran 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/698361718 03 00

For a long time, the striking similarities between OFris (Old Frisian) and Old English (OE) were attributed to an exclusive shared ancestor (Anglo-Frisian), but in the late 20th century that view was ousted in favor of a dialect continuum model. Recent developments in genetics, textual analysis, and archaeology, however, suggest that the earlier model is more accurate. This paper explores a series of diagnostics to distinguish between shared grammaticalizations caused by linguistic relatedness and those caused by geographical proximity. Those diagnostics are then applied to two developments exclusive to OFris and OE: the grammaticalization of aga(n) ‘have’ into auxiliary ‘have to’, and the development of a verb complement based on the OE/OFris present participle. In both cases, the diagnostics indicate that the changes occurred due to a shared ancestor, supporting the Anglo-Frisian hypothesis.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.06wis 06 10.1075/cilt.346.06wis 111 128 18 Chapter 6 01 04 Old English wolde and sceolde Old English wolde and sceolde 01 04 A semantic and syntactic analysis A semantic and syntactic analysis 1 A01 01 JB code 722361719 Ilse Wischer Wischer, Ilse Ilse Wischer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/722361719 03 00

The Old English (OE) pre-modals willan and *sculan are generally considered less grammaticalized than their Modern English counterparts will and shall; nevertheless they most often function as auxiliary verbs (cf. Wischer, 2006: 173). Their present tense forms have already been studied in considerable detail, often in the context of their development into future tense markers, while their morphologically past tense forms have received comparatively little attention. In this paper I examine the past forms of willan and *sculan in the poetry texts from the Dictionary of Old English Corpus and categorize them according to their syntactic contexts and the lexical or grammatical meanings they express. Thus, the aim of this paper is to shed light on their past and non-past time-reference, their main verb use versus auxiliary use and the type of modality or other function they can express in periphrastic constructions, and hence their degree of grammaticalization in Old English.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.07riv 06 10.1075/cilt.346.07riv 129 148 20 Chapter 7 01 04 A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 785361720 Sofia Bemposta-Rivas Bemposta-Rivas, Sofia Sofia Bemposta-Rivas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/785361720 03 00

This study argues that the changes undergone by dare in late Middle English cannot be explained solely in terms of the phonological similarity between dare and tharf, but also by the relationship between tharf and the verb need, plus the influence that the latter exerted on dare. The aim of this study is to analyse the semantic and structural changes that the verbs dare, tharf and need undergo in the period between Middle English and Early Modern English. The data are drawn from The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English and The Penn Corpus of Early English Correspondence. The analysis confirms that the verbs dare and tharf were confused in Middle English in non-assertive and 'fear' contexts. With the obsolescence of tharf, dare begins to occur more frequently in assertive contexts, and also starts to exhibit lexical features due to the influence exerted by need.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.08hub 06 10.1075/cilt.346.08hub 149 174 26 Chapter 8 01 04 Counterfactuality and aktionsart Counterfactuality and aktionsart 01 04 Predictors for BE vs. HAVE"+"past participle in Middle English Predictors for BE vs. HAVE + past participle in Middle English 1 A01 01 JB code 67361721 Judith Huber Huber, Judith Judith Huber 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/67361721 03 00

In Middle English (ME), manner of motion verbs occur in perfect periphrases with both BE and HAVE as auxiliaries (e.g. is/has run, is/has ridden), the BE-variant being the older, the HAVE-variant the more recent form with these verbs. Los (2015) hypothesizes that the choice of auxiliary with manner of motion verbs in ME might depend systematically on aktionsart in that HAVE is chosen when the verb denotes a controlled process (e.g. he has run fast for an hour), and BE when the verb denotes a change of location (e.g. he is run into town), much as in Present-Day Dutch. Also taking into account other factors that have been suggested to influence the choice of BE vs. HAVE in Middle English (such as counterfactuality, infinitive, or past perfect), I test this hypothesis on data from the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. I show that aktionsart is indeed a very reliable predictor, but overridden by counterfactuality.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.09cor 06 10.1075/cilt.346.09cor 175 198 24 Chapter 9 01 04 Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen's letters and novels Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect auxiliaries in Jane Austen’s letters and novels 1 A01 01 JB code 233361722 Nuria Calvo Cortés Calvo Cortés, Nuria Nuria Calvo Cortés 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/233361722 03 00

The present study focuses on the analysis of the choice of either be or have in combination with the past participles of eleven motion verbs (arrive, become, come, enter, fall, go, get, grow, pass, return and run) to form perfective structures in Jane Austen’s letters and novels. She has previously been considered conservative in her grammar, specifically in relation to her preference for be as opposed to have in this type of structure. A corpus-based study shows that although she could indeed be considered conservative, the option of the auxiliary might also have been motivated by the different components of the motion situation involved in each instance. The conclusions show that some tendencies can be observed in relation to the behaviour of some of these verbs, despite the low number of occurrences of some of the verbs included in the analysis.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.10sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.10sch 199 222 24 Chapter 10 01 04 Signs of grammaticalization Signs of grammaticalization 01 04 Tracking the get-passive through COHA Tracking the get-passive through COHA 1 A01 01 JB code 382361723 Sarah Schwarz Schwarz, Sarah Sarah Schwarz 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/382361723 03 00

In this study, I examine a large number of get-passives from different genres and time periods in the Corpus of Historical American English for signs of grammaticalization by looking for evidence of semantic bleaching and morphosyntactic generalization. A comparable set of be-passives is included as a control group throughout. The study shows a dramatic increase in the frequency of central get-passives between the 1870s and the 1990s. Changes in situation type, subject type, and range of past-participle collocates, which are traced through all four genres in the corpus, provide further indications that the get-passive is continuing to grammaticalize over the period.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.11chr 06 10.1075/cilt.346.11chr 223 246 24 Chapter 11 01 04 From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English 01 04 A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters A corpus-based analysis of adverbial clusters 1 A01 01 JB code 445361724 Susanne Chrambach Chrambach, Susanne Susanne Chrambach 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/445361724 03 00

In Present-day English, place adverbials tend to precede adverbials of time in clusters (cf. Hasselgård, 1996). In this paper, this word order preference is investigated from a diachronic perspective. The corpus-based analysis shows that the preferred order changes from time-before-place in Old English to place-before-time towards the end of the Middle English period. In a number of binary logistic regressions this study explores which factors might motivate these preferences respectively. The obligatoriness of the adverbials and their realization form emerge as two crucial factors. Their effect can be related to the proximity principle (cf. Hasselgård, 2010), the principle of end weight, and the principle of given-before-new. Comparing the different periods of English from Old English to Early Modern English, this paper shows how the increasingly fixed position of the lexical verb can be linked to the reversal of the ordering preference from time-before-place to place-before-time.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.12sch 06 10.1075/cilt.346.12sch 247 268 22 Chapter 12 01 04 Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics 01 04 Concessive clauses in American English Concessive clauses in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 475361725 Ole Schützler Schützler, Ole Ole Schützler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/475361725 03 00

Based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), this chapter inspects diachronic changes of constructions involving the concessive conjunctions although, though and even though from the 1860s to the present day. Following a short summary of changes in semantics and clause structures, the main focus lies on factors that have an effect on the position of the subordinate clause relative to the matrix clause. A Bayesian logistic regression model is used to investigate in how far the position of a subordinate clause can be predicted from the semantics of the entire construction, the connective that is used, and the weight (or length) of the complement, and whether the preferred positions of subordinate clauses change over time.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.13roh 06 10.1075/cilt.346.13roh 269 286 18 Chapter 13 01 04 Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 737361726 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/737361726 03 00

Picking up on earlier analyses, this paper explores a number of further issues bearing on the replacement of unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones. While the evolutions of individual intensifiers may vary enormously, almost all grammatical constraints on intensifier marking can be accounted for in terms of a verbality cline: Structures displaying a high degree of verbality promote the establishment of suffixed intensifiers whereas less verbal structures tend to delay the process. The major findings supporting this generalization include the following:

  • Past participles, which virtually always function as predicatives, represent one of the earliest categories to implement the change. In this respect, they contrast with present participles, which tend to behave like ordinary adjectives.
  • Compared with predicative adjectives, attributive adjectives have been slow to replace unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones.
  • The establishment of the suffix is further advanced with complemented (non-attributive) adjectives than uncomplemented ones.
01 01 JB code cilt.346.14vos 06 10.1075/cilt.346.14vos 287 308 22 Chapter 14 01 04 The rivalry between far from being"+"predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English The rivalry between far from being + predicative item and its counterpart omitting the copula in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 794361727 Uwe Vosberg Vosberg, Uwe Uwe Vosberg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/794361727 2 A01 01 JB code 94361728 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94361728 03 00

Distinguishing between several subtypes of the frame far from + optional and recessive being + predicative phrase, this paper charts the evolution of the rivalling variants in British and American English over the last few centuries. The paper reports on two major findings. First, in line with the Complexity Principle, there is a tendency for more complex predicatives to help preserve the more explicit being variant better than simpler ones. In particular, morphologically complex adjectives and syntactically complex noun phrases in the predicative slot are shown to retain the being variant longer than less complex ones. Second, as regards the establishment of the less explicit zero variant, the relation between British and American English corresponds to the so-called lag and overtake scenario. While initially trailing behind British English, American English has - in more recent times - adopted the zero variant much faster than British English.

01 01 JB code cilt.346.ind 06 10.1075/cilt.346.ind 309 311 3 Miscellaneous 15 01 04 Index Index
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