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Part of
Discourse and Identity Formation: Parliamentary debates in Bahrain
Lamya Alkooheji and Chitra Sinha
[
Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture
73] 2017
► pp.
275
–
285
◄
previous
Index
A
Abd Rabbuh
69
Abdali, Hassan
86, 167–169, 229, 256, 260–261
Abdul-Wahhab
14
absolute
14, 15, 59, 137, 184, 202–203
abstract
51, 62, 181, 184
Abu-Alfat’h, Essa Ahmed
128, 251
Abul, Abdul Aziz
xvii, xix, 105–107, 114, 124, 178–181, 187, 195–196, 215, 237, 242
abuse
20, 56–57, 137, 164, 172, 202
abusive
169–171, 262
accent
27, 29, 32, 37, 99, 101, 271
activation
175–176, 265–267
affection
76
affirmation
14, 91, 171
Afghanistan
129, 252
agenda
73, 131, 147–148, 151, 153, 162, 167, 218–219, 222, 227, 237, 252
Ahl al-Bayt
148
ʿAjam
25–27, 32
Akhbar Al Khaleej
119
Al Alam
201
Āl
al-Bayt
149
(see Ahl al-Bayt)
Al Anwar
201
Al Asalah
xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 20, 110–111, 119, 122–123, 125, 142–143, 150, 172, 182–183, 189, 199, 204–205, 237, 247, 251, 263
Al Fateh Assembly
201
(see also National Unity Assembly)
Al Hussain
16, 190
Al Khalifa
71, 190, 195, 202
King Hamad bin Essa Al Khalifa
71
Shaikh Essa bin Salman Al Khalifa
71
Al Minbar
xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 21, 88, 162, 164–165, 172, 174–175, 182–183, 189, 195, 199, 205, 237, 251, 259
Al Qaeda
99, 101, 240
Al Shura
3
Al Wasat
195–196, 211
Al Wefaq
xix, 1, 3–4, 11, 18, 66, 87–88, 90–95, 97–101, 103, 105, 108–109, 112, 114–115, 117–120, 124–134, 142–143, 147–164, 167, 169–170, 174–176, 178, 182–183, 187–196, 199–200, 202–205, 207–209, 237–238, 245, 247, 251, 256–258, 260, 262–263, 265
Al-Zahrā’, Fatima
16–17, 149
Al-Bahrani, Shaikh Maytham Bin Ali
26
Al-Buhairi, Sami
128, 251
Al-Dosseri, Abdullah
175–176, 265–267
Al-Dosseri, Hassan
149, 175, 265-267
Al-Fadhel, Abdul Aziz
120, 167, 170, 247, 262
Al-Fudalah, Sheikh Nasser
184
Al-Hadi, Sheikh Ebrahim Mohammed
128, 251
Al-Hasa
26, 31, 190, 195
Ali Bin Abi Talib
17, 149, 190, 273
Al Khalifa
71, 190, 195, 202
allegation
158
allusion
105, 107, 272
Al-Marzooq, Kalil
xvii, 90–93, 96–98, 102, 104, 109–110, 151–156, 162–163, 166–171, 175–176, 178–181, 186, 188, 237, 239–240, 242, 256, 260, 262, 265–267
Al-Miqdad, Muhammad
150–151
Al-Mirbati
116, 121, 245, 247
Al-Mitghawi, Abdul Hussain
xvii, xix, 114–118, 123, 158–161, 163, 179–180, 186, 193, 237–238, 245, 258
Al-Miz’al, Mohammed Yusif
xvii, xix, 98–103, 105, 108, 119, 125–127, 129–147, 178–179, 181, 186–189, 195, 223, 237, 240–241, 251, 253–254
Al-Mohannadi, Hamad Khalil
123, 247
Al-Mu’awdah, Adel
xvii, xix, 110–112, 125, 140, 142–143, 187, 195, 204, 223, 237–238, 251, 253, 266
Al-Muhannadi, Sheikh Hamad Khalil
128, 251
Al-Mustaqbal Party
149
Al-Najdi, Brigadier-General Abdul Rahman
100, 109, 237, 243
Al-Qu’ood, Latifa Muhammed
128, 251
Al-Rumaihi, Khamis Hamad
128, 251
Al-Sa’eedi, Sheikh Jassim Ahmed
xix, 128, 149–150, 158–164, 186, 251, 258
Al-Sheikh, Dr Abdul Latif Ahmed
128, 251, 259
Al-Sitri, Haider Hassan
xvii, xix, 102–104, 178, 180, 241
Allah
ʿAmal
3
(see also Islamic Action Society)
Ambassador
163
ambiguity
155, 224
ambivalent emotions
82
ambulances
204
amendment
64, 71, 73, 108, 193, 256
American Embassy (also U.S. Embassy)
115
Amir
71
Amiri Decree
71, 269
anniversary
200
anti-government
205
apologetic
119, 205
apophasis
95–96, 170–171, 271
aporia
88–90, 115, 117–118, 120, 122, 127, 135, 137, 271
Arab Spring
1–2, 69–70, 199
Arab world
1, 21, 69
Arabia
14, 16, 23, 25, 30–31, 69, 190, 211
Arabian Gulf
xix, 2, 14, 18, 23–27, 31
Arabic xxi–xxii,
14, 17, 23, 27–29, 31–37, 45, 72, 78–79, 83–84, 86–87, 107, 113, 118–119, 133, 140, 152, 154, 164, 170, 203, 206–207, 215, 221–222, 224–225, 229, 238, 244, 254, 271–273
argument
8, 12, 21, 64, 74–75, 83, 90, 98, 101–102, 105, 107, 121, 125, 131, 136–139, 141–142, 144, 146, 153, 156, 171–173, 176, 179, 182, 198, 208, 223, 225, 242, 252, 272
argumentation mode
117
argumentative
74, 77, 121, 211
Armed Forces
148–149, 218
arrest
86, 101, 116–117, 140, 148, 150–151, 153–154, 156, 167, 169, 179–180, 186, 200, 227, 229, 245, 254–255, 257, 260–261
article
90, 92, 95, 97–99, 101–103, 106–112, 130, 135, 139, 146, 148, 158, 192–193, 211, 227, 238–243, 252, 269–270
Article
1, 92, 99, 102, 238–239, 241
Article
119, 269
Article
134, 269
Article
16, 148
Article
165, 269
Article
174, 269
Article
182, 270
Article
2, 240
Article
20, 130, 135, 146, 252
Article
3, 99, 101, 106, 241–242
Article
4, 239
Article
76, 270
Article D
92, 239–240
Article No.
58, 227
artificial intelligence
81
assault
170
attachment
129–130, 147, 159, 193, 200, 212, 227, 237, 258
Attorney General
153–154, 156, 158, 162, 227
audience
6, 56–57, 61, 65, 81, 137–138, 145, 161, 163, 186
audio
72, 83, 204, 221
authoritative hierarchy
161
authority
14–15, 17–18, 56, 66, 77, 100, 108, 131, 166–167, 171–172, 186–187, 193, 198, 201, 217, 237, 239, 259, 273
avoidance
95, 238
axiomatic belief
59
B
Ba’ath
3
backgrounded disagreement
88–89, 126, 164–165
Bahraini
xvii, xix, 1–12, 15, 20, 23–37, 39, 41, 45, 48–49, 54, 60, 62, 64–66, 70–73, 76, 86–87, 92, 107, 114, 116–118, 120, 122, 124–126, 128, 141, 146, 148–149, 151, 156, 158, 162–163, 169, 177, 179, 183–185, 189, 191, 197–198, 200–203, 205–207, 209, 211, 214–215, 221–223, 225, 229, 239, 244–245, 254, 271, 273
Bahraini Council
xvii, xix, 1–8, 10–11, 23–24, 30, 39, 41, 48, 60, 62, 64, 66, 70–72, 76, 87, 125–126, 177, 185, 197–198, 205, 207, 209, 211, 214, 221–223, 225
Bahraini detainees abroad
86, 114, 118, 179, 229, 244
Bahraini Embassy
116–117
Bahrani
26–27, 31–37, 188, 206, 271, 273
Bahrainisation
148
balad
129–130, 252
Battle of Karbala
17, 190
battlefield
51, 66, 185–187
BBC
204, 213
behaviour
52, 80, 82, 119, 147, 170, 254
belief
16–17, 20, 28, 123, 154, 189, 191, 219
belonging
42–43, 45–46, 57, 130, 148
belongingness
130
benchmark
77, 166
bi-cameral
206
BICI
2
(also see Independent Commission of Inquiry Report)
bilād
130, 135, 146, 252
bill
87–89, 110–112, 187, 193, 195–196, 223, 237–238, 240, 243
Bin Ali, Zine El Abedine
26, 69
biological
47
blaspheme
155, 156, 188, 257
blurring
120
Britain
25, 213, 216
British
18, 23, 43, 49, 190, 217
broadcast
6, 172–173, 204, 219, 263
brutality
203
Bu-Sandal, Sheikh Ebrahim Mohammed
128, 251
C
Caliph
17
capitalist society
63
casualties
124, 204
CD
73, 225
CDA
10, 50, 184, 218, 273 ;
(see also CDS)
CDS
10–11, 39–40, 48–56, 59, 61–62, 64, 73, 156, 178, 206, 222, 273
censor
173, 187
censoring
86, 172–173, 229, 262
centralising pride and dignity
9, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 115, 118–123, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
centralist model
53
certainty
127, 134, 238
challenging questions
127, 139, 146
Chambers
63–64, 198
chaos
114, 117–118, 153, 162, 193, 245
cheater-detection module
126–127, 136
chemical
87–88, 90, 92–93, 97–102, 105–107, 196, 223, 237–243
chemical weapon
240
children
92, 94, 96, 104, 117, 194, 213, 239, 245
Christian
215, 217
citizen
21, 43, 45, 47, 99–100, 102, 113, 116–118, 122, 149, 156, 166–169, 181, 194, 241, 245, 259, 261, 269
citizenship
24, 149, 156–158
civil rights
166
Civil Service Bureau
175–176, 265–267
civil war
69
civilised
166
class
27, 32, 45–46, 52, 211, 219
classical Arabic
29, 78, 207, 244
cleric
26, 163, 203
coercion
40, 55, 148, 198
cognition
40, 49, 56–59, 62–63, 80, 197, 213, 217–218
coherence
54
coherent
142
colloquial
72, 92, 94, 107, 223, 239
colloquial
72, 92, 94, 107, 223, 239
committee
71–72, 87–90, 110–111, 113, 119, 158–163, 175–176, 196, 223, 227, 237–238, 243–244, 258, 266–267
Committee of Legislative and Legal Affairs
162
communication
5, 8, 28, 39, 51–52, 57, 62, 68, 76, 82, 114–118, 184, 199, 213, 218, 272
communicative process
186
community
4, 8, 14–15, 23–25, 27–30, 37, 43–47, 51, 70, 76, 81, 148, 197, 201–202, 206, 215, 272
comparing
19, 60, 85, 99, 102, 120, 127, 160, 164, 178, 188, 205, 208, 217, 241
competence
29, 65, 74, 152
conditional statement
104, 110, 120, 272
conflict
1–2, 17, 21, 42, 47, 66–67, 94, 108, 124, 136, 138–139, 184, 194, 215, 217, 221–222
confrontation
70, 122, 156, 161, 186
confrontational
74, 89, 113, 116, 124, 126, 136, 138–139, 142, 147, 154–155, 161, 163, 165, 167, 174, 181, 183–184, 187, 192, 195–196, 205
Congress
xxi, 162, 212
connection
62, 65, 91, 198
consensus
6, 16, 61, 75, 209
conservative
14–15
Constitution
3, 71, 125, 130, 133, 135–136, 140, 142, 146, 148, 151, 160, 252–253, 258
constitutional amendment
71
constitutional law
130, 134–135
Consultative Council
71
(also See Shura Council)
context
20, 28, 36, 39, 42, 48–50, 55–56, 59–61, 63–65, 70, 77, 81, 83, 149, 174, 183–184, 198–200, 206, 212–213, 218, 225, 244, 271
contextual
56, 60, 61, 179, 184, 226
contextualising
61
contextuality
61
contrast
11, 17, 54, 60, 90–91, 99, 101–102, 121, 192
contrasting
2, 10, 60, 77, 85, 99, 120, 134, 170, 178, 188, 208, 241
convention
88, 90–91, 97, 151, 153, 195, 239–240, 243
conviction
90, 130, 134–135, 137, 146, 202, 252
corroborating by information
9, 74–75, 88, 90–99, 103, 105–106, 108–110, 114, 120–121, 125–127, 134, 147, 151, 164, 175–176, 178–183, 185, 188, 193, 195–196, 204, 207–208
corruption
160–161, 164, 172, 180, 183, 186, 202–203
country
1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 23–26, 31, 37, 67, 69, 71, 99–102, 106–108, 111–112, 116–118, 125, 128–130, 135, 146, 148, 151–153, 158, 162, 166–167, 179–180, 185, 190, 192, 194–195, 201–204, 240–243, 245, 252, 256, 259, 269
coup attempt
201, 204
coup d’état
21, 202–203
court
85, 130, 135–136, 146, 162, 215, 252
critical discourse studies
8–11, 39, 50, 206, 214, 218, 273 ;
(see also critical discourse studies)
critical theory
50, 214
criticism
61–62, 89, 107, 116, 120–121, 125, 165–166, 170, 181, 183, 194–196, 214, 225, 247
cross-cultural
81, 212
crowd control
87
Crown Prince
205
cultural
1–2, 7, 11–14, 16, 21, 23–24, 30, 37, 42–44, 50, 56, 66, 75, 80–81, 190, 198, 209, 212–213
culture
12, 27, 31, 43, 46, 60, 63, 79–81, 198, 209, 212–213, 215–216, 219
cybercrime law
193
D
debate
6, 8, 11, 14, 19, 26, 28, 62–63, 74, 82, 86–88, 110, 114, 118, 124–126, 128, 138–139, 144, 147, 150, 171, 185, 187–188, 190, 197–198, 214, 222, 226
declarations
203
declarative
85
deductive approach
62
Defence Force
148–149
defendant
121, 145–146, 252
deliberative democracy
9–11, 62, 197–199
democracy
9–11, 19–21, 62–64, 192, 197–199, 213, 216
democrats
15
democratic
1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 63, 64, 69, 70, 177, 186, 192, 196, 198, 200, 206, 208
democratic institution
63, 197
demonstration
69, 74, 129, 132, 149–150, 187, 203
denunciation
84, 115, 137
dependency
202
deportation
158
Deputy Speaker
115, 120, 122, 159, 172–173, 175–176, 186, 245, 247, 251, 258, 263, 265
detainee
125
detention
148, 169, 179
dialect
27–37, 46, 92, 105, 107, 112–113, 141, 146, 172, 206, 211, 215–216, 244, 254, 271–273
dialectical logic
67
dictatorships
69
dignity
9, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 114–115, 118–123, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
Director of Environmental Control
100, 108, 237
Director of Military Courts
100, 102, 104, 109–110, 237
disagreement
19, 23, 88–89, 124, 126, 131, 137–139, 141, 164–165, 173–174, 183–184, 191, 252, 254
disagreement style continuum
138
disappointment
88, 109, 114, 119, 221
disclaimer
12, 99, 101, 110, 112, 272
discourse marker
90–91, 99, 101, 105, 110, 112, 152–153, 159, 173, 272
discourse theory
52, 215
discourse unit
58
discrimination
2, 29, 37, 52, 70, 134, 149, 162, 208
discursive device
77, 79, 84–85, 91, 94, 104, 116, 126, 139, 170, 180–181, 194
discursive strategy
77, 87, 90, 178, 180, 188
dispute
138, 146, 165, 223
disrespect
116, 121, 158
dissent
10–11, 58, 67, 70, 74, 125, 178, 183, 188–189, 207–208, 221, 225
diverse
4, 8–9, 27, 37, 41, 67, 177, 195, 197
diversity
10, 12–13, 15, 27, 41, 63, 198–199
domain
8–9, 41, 68
domestic riot
90, 239 ;
(also see local riot)
dominance
40–41, 52
doubt
88, 115, 120, 127, 134, 172, 177, 263
duality
56–57, 60, 127, 134, 191
E
eavesdropping
86, 164–166, 181, 186, 189, 194, 229, 259
Ebrahim, Abdul Jalil Khalil
xvii, xix, 73, 90–94, 96–97, 102, 109, 119–124, 128, 152–153, 167, 170, 173, 176, 178–181, 185, 193, 222, 237, 239–240, 242, 247, 251–252, 256, 260, 262–263, 265–267
economic
1–2, 7, 13, 27, 32, 37, 40, 45–47, 125, 149, 191, 202
education
1, 14, 27–29, 213, 216, 272
Egypt
1, 14, 28, 69, 199–200, 202–203
election
7
elite
6, 14, 40, 56–57, 218
embedded
8, 58, 62, 65, 122, 151, 154, 165, 193, 197
emotion(s)
79–83, 85, 212–215, 217
emotional reaction
83
emotive speech
78–79, 83, 92, 95, 105, 109, 112, 122, 126–127, 167, 169–170, 180–181, 207, 272
empathy
76, 96, 113
emphatic
195
empowering
48, 61
encrypted sites
37
enemy
99, 101–103, 241
English
xxii, 29, 33–37, 43, 72, 86–87, 214, 219, 224, 229
erotesis
115, 117, 170–171, 272
ethic
45
ethics
14, 63, 198
ethnicity
25, 148, 216, 271
Europe
164, 166, 213
exaggeration
92, 94, 97–98, 272
exceptional session
193, 200
excerpt
xvii, 55, 59, 86–88, 90, 92, 94–100, 102–103, 105, 108–110, 112, 114–115, 118–120, 122, 124–128, 137, 139–140, 142, 144, 147, 150–151, 156, 158–159, 161, 163–164, 166–170, 172, 175, 178–181, 183–189, 194–195, 207, 222, 237, 245, 247, 251, 254, 256, 258–260, 262–263, 265, 271
Excerpt 1
100, 170
Excerpt 2
155, 179, 180
Excerpt 3
120, 122, 179, 181, 183, 184, 185, 194
Excerpt 4
125, 127, 164, 181, 186, 187, 188, 189, 194, 195
Excerpt 5
151, 163, 166, 179, 186, 188
Excerpt 6
159, 179, 180, 181, 186, 194
Excerpt 7
164, 181, 184, 186, 189, 194, 195
Excerpt 8
167, 170, 180, 181, 182, 194
Excerpt 9
170, 180
Excerpt 10
172, 179, 181, 183, 187
Excerpt 11
176
excesses
171, 172, 202, 262, 272
exclamation
84–85, 120
exclusion
133, 188
exclusive “we”
132
exhortation
151, 154–156, 272
explanatory critique
65
expression
46, 77, 80, 83, 89, 92, 94, 113–114, 134, 152, 161, 165, 174, 183, 187, 192, 200, 202, 208, 238–239, 263, 271–272
external enemy
99, 101–102, 241
F
Facebook
201
Fairclough
40–41, 49, 51, 65–66, 68, 271
fatwā
18–19, 192
Fayrooz
142–143, 147–149, 251
Fayrooz, Jalal
147
Fayrooz, Jawad
142–143, 251
filibustering
75, 94–96, 102–104, 175–176
filler
105, 107
financial
119, 161, 202, 269
financial assistance
202
Financial Committee
119
floor bid
272
flow
127, 138, 142, 272
foregrounded
126, 127, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 1, 146, 173, 174
argument
144
foregrounded disagreement
126, 137–139, 141, 173–174
Foreign Affairs
71, 87–90, 96, 100, 110–111, 113, 117–118, 158–159, 196, 237–238, 240, 243, 245, 258
formulaic expression
114, 272
forum
7, 177, 185, 219
framing
58, 78, 90–92, 97, 99, 101, 103–104, 108, 121, 126–127, 136, 146, 164–165, 167–169, 181–183, 188, 194, 207–208, 272
Frankfurt School
55
freedom
10–11, 21, 58, 65–67, 70, 74, 119, 124, 148, 164, 172, 183, 189, 192–193, 197, 200, 202, 208, 221–222, 225
freedom of expression
183, 192, 202, 208
Friday Prayers
156
frustration
116–117
G
Gaddafi
69
Gathering of National Unity Assembly
201
(see also National Unity Assembly)
GCC
200, 202
GCC Roundabout
200
General Authority for Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife
100, 237
gestures
76, 82, 83
global level (of context)
81
governance
4–5, 62–63, 69, 177, 185, 198, 200, 209
government
1, 11, 14, 17, 24, 26, 28, 40, 62, 65–66, 69, 71, 86–87, 99, 105–108, 114–124, 148, 155, 157, 163–164, 169, 172, 175–176, 180–181, 183, 185–187, 189, 191–192, 194, 197, 199–200, 203–205, 208, 215, 222, 225, 229, 241–242, 245–247, 257, 265–266
government spheres
62
grammar
27, 37, 54, 72, 84
grammatical
27, 37, 85, 130, 138, 229, 272
ground pepper
90, 103–104, 239, 241
group
6, 8–9, 12, 17, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 39–49, 51, 57–58, 67, 75, 79, 98–99, 101, 124–129, 131–133, 136, 139, 144–145, 148–150, 160–161, 177, 181–190, 194, 196, 201–202, 205, 208
group identities
9, 39, 43–44, 46, 184–185
H
Habermas
62–63, 187, 197, 213–214
Hadith
9, 13, 17–18
Halabcha
106, 107, 242
Hansard
10–11, 48, 54, 64, 72–74, 86–87, 101, 119, 121–123, 125, 142, 147–149, 151–152, 159, 167, 170, 172–173, 193, 212, 221–225, 227, 237, 256, 258, 262, 266, 271
Haq Movement
151
harmony
37, 161
Hindi
29, 33
Hizbullah
201
Hmoud, Major Hmoud Sa’ad
100, 109, 237, 241–242, 244
Holī
25, 27, 29, 31–32, 45
Holīs
25–27, 32
homeland
115, 127, 130–131, 133, 137, 139–140, 143–144, 253
hostility
144, 154
House of Commons
71, 271
House of Lords
71
Houthis
69
ḥujjah
18
human development index
202
humanitarian
24, 92, 105, 106, 107, 242
humanities
50, 60
humour
28, 78, 159, 161, 207, 273
hypothetical assumption
115, 117
I
identification
2, 42–43, 46–47, 65
identity
2–3, 9–10, 26–27, 30, 37, 39, 42–48, 52, 58, 62–63, 69, 79, 86, 132, 163, 184, 188–190, 206, 213–217, 272
ideological
1, 4, 6–14, 19, 37, 40–41, 46–47, 51–52, 59–62, 65–67, 70, 74–75, 77–78, 122, 152, 177–178, 181, 183–185, 188–190, 193–194, 196–200, 203–209, 214, 221, 224–226
ideological stance
70, 74, 181, 183
ideology
1–3, 6, 8–9, 11, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 27, 40–42, 44, 47–49, 51, 56, 59–60, 62, 68, 79, 81, 86, 177, 182, 184, 188–191, 194, 196, 198, 201–203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213–215, 218, 271
ideology of protest
190–191, 194, 201–203, 207
idiom
8, 13, 107
ijtihād
18
illegality
110, 134, 151, 154, 169
illusion
175
ʿilm albadīʿ
84
ʿilm albayān
84
image
30, 56, 58, 82, 85, 94, 98–99, 102, 105–108, 133, 137, 146, 161, 179–180, 188, 201, 216–217, 242
Imām
15–16, 149, 189–190, 216, 273
Imāmah
16–17
immigrants
27, 30, 157
immigration
17, 26, 30–31
immunity
69, 162–163, 171
imperative
14, 83, 114, 133, 187, 244
implicit
39, 83, 101
implore
172, 174
imprisonment
114, 158, 163, 269–270
inclusive “we”
97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107, 127, 131, 143, 165, 166, 183, 187, 197
inclusive first person plural
98
income
1, 27, 119, 202–203
independent
1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 15, 20, 105, 106, 131, 149, 163, 175, 181, 182, 186, 187, 192, 195, 199, 200, 206, 237, 252, 265
Independent Commission of Inquiry Report
2
India
25–26
indifference
80
inductive
42, 115, 117–118, 222
infravaloration
57
in-group
58, 98, 101, 131, 208
in-groupness
122, 126–128, 131, 167
innocence
129, 136
innocent
96, 128–130, 133, 135–137, 140, 142, 146, 181, 189, 251–254
institution
10, 46, 48, 63, 81, 166, 177, 185–186, 197, 205, 259
insult
119–124, 169, 181, 185, 194, 247
integration
26, 53, 57, 204
integrationist model
53
integrity
134, 154
intensification
2, 99, 200
intensifier
109–111, 173, 272
intensifying grievance
74, 76–77, 90, 92–94, 112, 114, 172, 179–181, 185, 188, 190–192, 196, 204, 207–209
interactionist
63
intercultural
81
interdisciplinary
48, 53, 61, 177
interface
8, 13, 27, 56, 60
interjection
107, 174, 263, 266
International Covenant Against Torture
148
internet
106, 162, 174, 201, 242, 263
interpretation
49–50, 59, 65, 103–104, 241
intersubjective
44, 61
intertextuality
55, 59
intervention
49, 54, 69, 84, 88, 90, 92–93, 96–97, 101–102, 104–105, 108–110, 114, 116, 121–123, 131–134, 136, 141–142, 144, 151–153, 159–160, 164–166, 170–172, 175, 178–181, 187, 243, 252, 259, 263, 271
intimacy
113, 272
investigation
55, 135, 139, 142, 146, 215, 217, 253
Iran
1, 3, 15–16, 18, 23, 25, 30–31, 108, 190–191, 194–195, 214, 218–219
Iraq
16–17, 25–26, 30–31, 106, 190–191, 195, 219, 242
irony
115–116, 159, 172, 272
Islam
1, 9, 13–21, 26, 28, 70, 214–217, 219, 271–273
Islamic
1–4, 8–9, 13–21, 25, 37, 66–67, 174, 189, 191–192, 194, 200, 204, 206, 211, 214–215, 219, 269, 271, 273
Islamic Action Society
3
Islamic society
8, 13, 66, 204, 211, 215
J
Ja’farī
15
(see Twelver)
jargon
64, 75, 193
joke
160
Jordan
69
journalists
6, 49, 135, 138, 139, 144, 145, 253
judiciary
130–131, 133, 135, 137, 140–141, 143–145, 253, 266
Jurgen Habermas
62–63, 213–214
justice
1, 127, 133, 135, 139–140, 148, 153, 177, 198, 253, 269
juveniles
160
K
Khaleeji
31
Khalid, Sheikh Muhammed
xvii, 73, 128, 137, 141–142, 146–147, 149–150, 172–175, 179, 181, 183–184, 186–187, 195, 214, 237, 251–252, 263
khārijites
142, 145, 146, 252
Khomaini
189, 194
King
3, 71, 125, 199–200, 202, 205–206
kingdom
1–2, 8, 13, 31, 69, 71, 76, 90, 127–129, 148, 159, 188, 194, 202, 209, 213, 218, 251, 258
Kingdom of Bahrain
1–2, 8, 13, 69, 71, 76, 90, 159, 202, 213, 218, 258
kinyah
112–114, 170–171, 174, 272 ;
(also see
nickname
)
knowledge
15, 18, 52, 56–57, 60, 68, 74, 80, 83, 205, 218, 223
KSA
69, 114 ;
(also see Saudi Arabia)
Kurdish region
106, 242
Kuwait
26, 31, 69, 217
L
label
25–26, 128–129, 149, 181
language competence
65, 74
laughter
73, 217
law
10, 16, 19–20, 49, 63, 65–66, 70, 74, 77, 87–88, 90, 92, 97–99, 101–112, 114, 130, 133–137, 139–140, 144, 146, 149, 155, 158, 162, 179, 183, 185, 187, 193–194, 200, 208, 215, 221, 227, 238–243, 252–253, 257, 273
law formation
187
lawyer
135, 139, 146, 253
laypeople
18, 29, 67, 101, 196
leader
17, 132, 145, 151, 187, 191, 252, 273
Lebanese Parliament
xvii, 6–7
Lebanon
6–7, 16, 19, 28, 69, 129, 217, 252
legal
2, 4, 17–18, 23, 68, 70–71, 88, 91–92, 96–97, 99–100, 108–110, 129, 135, 138, 142, 145, 149, 154, 156, 161–163, 179, 182, 187, 208, 237, 239–240, 243, 252–253, 265
Legal Counsel
100, 109, 237, 243
Legal Department
88, 96–97, 100, 237, 240
legal reform
187
legality
92, 99, 101, 111–112, 125–126, 134–135, 153, 179, 241
legislation
3, 71, 140, 145, 253
legislative period
xix, 1, 3–5, 7–8, 10–11, 67, 73, 86, 124, 126, 151, 177, 182, 184, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 203, 205, 209, 221–223, 225
legislative period
xix, 1, 3–5, 7–8, 10–11, 67, 73, 86, 124, 126, 151, 177, 182, 184, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 203, 205, 209, 221–223, 225
legislative power
71
legislative session
3, 223, 225
legislative system
125
legislative term
86, 125, 221
legitimacy
8, 18, 136, 161, 180, 193
lexical
23, 27, 59, 76, 78, 84, 88, 95, 99, 103, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164, 170, 175–176, 182, 196, 207, 219, 272
lexical style
78, 84, 88, 95, 99, 103, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164, 170, 175, 182, 207, 272
Libya
69, 199
life expectancy
202
linguistic choice
70, 154
literacy
202, 217
local level (of context)
81
local riot
90–91, 105–106, 114, 187, 239–240
local semantic move
99, 110, 112
logic
67, 75, 126, 149, 213
Lower House
71, 271 ;
(also see House of Commons)
loyalty
128–129
M
macroanalysis
64
Madinat Hamad
150
majority
4, 6, 19, 25, 113, 148–149, 159–160, 203–204, 237–238, 244, 252, 258, 266–267
Makki, Makki Hilal
176, 265–266
malfunction
201, 221
malicious
162, 269
Manama
26, 32–33, 35, 37, 200, 211, 214
Manifesting power
185
manipulation
55, 101
marjiʿ
18–19, 191
Marking identities
188
marriage
31
Marxism
20, 46
Marxist
40
Mauritania
69
Max Weber
187
media
20, 28, 37, 129, 139, 201, 203–204, 215, 219, 252
mental
41, 49, 54, 57–61, 78, 148, 153, 156, 181, 206
mental model
61, 153, 156
mental representations
57, 58, 59, 60, 78, 148
mental schemata
78
Messiah
16
metaphor
75, 105, 107–108, 115, 117, 126–127, 130, 137, 154
methodology
10, 48–49, 81, 142, 206, 213, 219, 229
metonymy
137, 272
microanalysis
64
Middle East
13, 15–16, 199, 215, 217, 219
militants
70
military
69, 75, 100, 102–105, 109–110, 135, 149, 218, 237, 241–242, 244, 253
Minister
49, 119–124, 169–173, 185–186, 217, 219, 241, 247, 262–263
Minister of Finance
119, 173
Minister of Shura
120, 123–124, 169–170, 247, 262
ministry
88, 92–93, 96, 98, 100, 102, 109, 111–112, 117–118, 131, 134, 168–171, 202, 227, 237–241, 243–245, 252–253, 261–262, 269
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
88, 96, 100, 118, 237–238, 240
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
88, 96, 100, 118, 237–238, 240
Ministry of Health
92–93, 239
Ministry of Interior
102, 227, 241, 243–245
Ministry of Labour
202
Ministry of State for Defence
100, 109, 237, 243
minority
28
mitigation
99, 102, 172, 272
mockery
115–116, 118, 120, 124, 159, 163, 182–183, 207
mock-seriousness
160
modal
144, 272
monarchy
70, 129
morality
63, 197–198
Morocco
69
Moscovici
57–58
Mubarak, Hosni
69
Muharraq
26, 32
mujannas
26–27, 213
Murad, Abdul Halim
xvii, xix, 121–124, 128, 180–181, 183, 185, 194, 237, 247, 251
Mushaime’, Hassan
150, 151, 153, 257
Muslim
13–15, 17–19, 21, 23, 69, 174, 206, 215–217
Muslim Brotherhood
14–15, 21, 69, 174
N
Najaf
3, 191
Najad, Ahmadi
191
Najd
30
narrative mode
115, 117
nation
15, 24, 37, 43–44, 124, 130, 137, 169, 201
National Action Charter
71
National Charter
197, 200, 202
National Council
71
(also see Council of Representatives)
National Day
124–125
National Democratic Action Society
3
National Unity Assembly
201
nationalism
23–24, 45, 63, 188, 197, 211, 215, 217
nationality
24
native
12, 29
natural language
51, 53, 54
natural substance
103–104, 241
naturalisation
xix, 24, 25, 26, 148–150, 156–158
necessity
129, 139, 144, 272
negation
115, 118, 138–141
negative frame
145
network
42, 45, 67–68, 205
news
28, 201, 204, 211, 213, 225, 269
newspaper
1, 54, 121, 147, 149–150, 158, 184, 192–193, 195–196, 211, 213, 216, 223, 225–226
nickname
113, 272 ;
(also see
kinyah
)
norm
202
normative discourse
83, 218
North Africa
15, 199, 217
O
objection
3, 68, 88, 96, 101, 104, 113, 118, 120, 122, 125, 154, 169, 175, 189, 191, 194–195, 241, 272
objective
46, 52, 61, 65, 67–68, 75, 95, 147, 205, 207–209, 240
Office of the General Secretary
73
Official Gazette
73
Oman
25, 69, 238
opinion
21, 51, 58, 63, 70, 75, 90, 94, 96, 111, 113, 126, 134, 137–138, 144–145, 175, 186, 197, 201, 243
opponent
74, 105, 145, 160, 242
opposition
18, 41, 47, 69, 75, 87, 101, 124, 129, 141, 151, 156, 163, 173, 175, 186, 190, 194, 197, 218
othering
48, 99, 101, 127–128, 131–133, 161, 170–171, 188, 208, 219, 272
others
4, 9–10, 18, 29, 36–37, 40, 42, 44–45, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61, 67, 70, 75, 83, 85, 93, 95–96, 99, 101, 112, 117, 134, 138, 144, 148, 153, 170–171, 180–184, 189–190, 192–193, 195, 208, 221–222, 257, 269, 271–272
out-group
32, 58, 98, 131, 189
P
Pakistan
16, 25
paradox
79, 99, 108, 212, 241
parliament
xvii, 1, 3–4, 6–7, 11, 20, 49, 54, 65–67, 71–73, 76, 114, 119, 124, 145–147, 151, 160, 162–163, 186, 191, 196–200, 203–206, 209, 211–212, 225, 252, 258, 271, 273
parliamentary deal
163
patriotism
52, 127–129
peace
152, 161, 177, 214, 218
peaceful
203
perception
2, 18, 26, 29–30, 59, 62, 65–67, 80, 82–83, 183, 185, 191, 197, 212, 215, 217
periphrasis
110–111, 151, 155, 196, 272
permanent committees
71
Persia
25, 214
philosophy
15, 214
phone
164, 166, 186, 194, 259
photo
158, 203 ;
(also see photograph)
physical violence
83
plot
86, 124–125, 127–129, 136, 163, 186, 189, 229, 247, 251
plural
26, 98, 130, 133, 140–141, 145, 252, 254
pluralist model
53
plurality
8, 63, 198–199, 209
polarisation
8, 70, 87, 156–157, 161, 201
polarised
66, 156, 201
police
87, 101–102, 124, 150, 154, 167, 197, 204, 241
politeness
155
political affiliation
3, 52, 58, 65, 87, 197, 224
political freedom
10–11, 58, 65–67, 70, 74, 119, 124, 172, 189, 192, 197, 221–222, 225
political ideology
3, 13, 177, 184, 194, 211
political party
4, 67, 98, 202
political power
16, 24, 48, 63, 66, 69, 198, 200
political speeches
57, 224
politician
41, 186
politics
3, 6, 9, 11–13, 15–16, 21, 39, 41, 43, 48, 51, 60, 63, 70, 75, 81, 161, 171, 197, 206, 213, 215–217
polysemous
82
polysemy
82
population
30, 195, 200
poverty
1–2, 24, 202–203, 218
power
1, 3–4, 6–10, 15–16, 24, 30, 39–41, 48–52, 56, 60, 63–64, 66, 69–71, 74–75, 77, 80–81, 119, 122, 132, 142, 160–161, 178, 181, 184–187, 190–192, 198, 200, 203, 205–208, 213–217, 219
power relations
6, 48, 51, 64, 205, 206
prediction
139, 144, 272
prejudice
148–149, 270
prescription
83
press
80, 129, 139, 158, 162, 193, 201, 203–204, 211, 213–215, 217–219, 225–226, 252–253
press release
203
Press TV
201
pride
9, 16, 74, 76–77, 105–106, 108, 114–115, 118–124, 138, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–171, 179–183, 185, 188, 196, 204, 207–208
Prime Minister
119, 123, 219, 247
prison
121, 247, 269
prisoner
122
privacy
165–166, 222, 259
private sphere
63
procatalepsis
99, 101, 103–104, 164, 166–167, 169, 272
proficiency
72
pro-government
163
progress
5, 89, 141, 192, 202, 204
pronunciation
xvii, 27, 34–36
proposal
49, 88, 111–113, 115–116, 124–126, 128–129, 131, 133–134, 137, 141, 147, 158–160, 164, 175–176, 180, 186, 193, 223, 225, 227, 229, 243, 245, 251–252, 258, 265–267
propositional structure
78, 207, 272
protest
70, 110, 113–114, 116, 147, 190–192, 194, 196, 199–203, 207, 209
protesting against the establishment
185
psychological
45, 50, 54, 57, 61, 80, 212–213
psychology
48, 50, 81, 212–213, 216–217
public
1–3, 5–6, 10, 21, 32, 48, 56, 62–63, 65, 67, 71, 95–96, 110, 112, 116, 121, 125, 137–138, 145, 148, 161, 164, 187, 191, 193, 200–201, 205, 213, 216, 222, 225–226, 240
public consensus
6
public sphere
2–3, 63, 187, 205
pun
120, 122, 160
punishment
86, 111–112, 175, 187, 227, 229, 238, 243, 264–265, 269–270
Q
Qamber, Sami
xvii, 88–89
Qaradawi
21
Qarmatians
26
Qassim, Sheikh Essa
191
Qatar
26, 31
qiyās
18
quarrel
149
quoting
50, 78, 90, 92–93, 95, 175–176, 207, 271
quoting other sources
78, 90, 92, 207
quoting others
95, 271
Qur’an
17–20, 23
R
rally
3
rapport
98, 164, 166
Rapporteur
158–160, 163, 176, 237–238, 258, 265–267
ratification
73, 152, 256
rationale
1, 3, 9, 39, 75, 170
raven
174, 263
rebuke
88–89, 113, 155–156
recommendation
159–160, 163–164, 258, 266
referendum
71
reflective suffix
133
reform
1, 15, 148, 187, 191–192, 200, 202–203
reformism
14
reframing
58, 78, 92, 94–95, 97, 114, 120, 126–127, 136, 146, 167, 181–183, 188, 194, 207–208, 272
regime
150, 200–201, 269
regression
204
reliability
127, 134
religion
8, 13, 16, 23, 188, 192, 217, 219
renewalist
14
(see also revivalist)
repetition
57, 83, 94, 102, 136, 138–139, 144–145, 151, 154, 166, 172–173
report
2, 87–89, 110, 147, 150, 159, 175, 195–196, 202, 204, 212, 225, 237, 258, 265–267
representation theory
49, 57
reproach
88–89, 187, 237
reproof
118
republican system
151
reservation
92, 104, 131, 144, 239, 252
revivalist
14
revolution
15–16, 69, 188, 190, 194, 199–203, 214
rhetoric
2–3, 7–8, 75–76, 78–79, 83–84, 88, 92, 95, 97, 99, 103, 105, 109–110, 114–115, 120, 127–128, 134, 151, 159, 164, 167, 170–172, 272
rhetorical question
103–105, 107, 115, 117–118, 120, 122, 146, 164, 167, 171, 272
ridiculing
163, 164, 182
right
12, 34, 77, 110–111, 128, 133, 135, 138–143, 146–147, 149, 173–174, 186, 202, 209, 222–223, 243, 253–254, 263, 266
riot
87–88, 90–91, 94–102, 104–107, 109–110, 112, 114, 125, 168–171, 187, 200, 208, 238–243, 261–262
riot control
87–88, 90–91, 94–102, 104–106, 109, 112, 114, 168, 170–171, 187, 200, 238–241, 243, 261–262
Riot Control Forces
94, 98, 109, 168, 170–171, 261–262
ritual
6, 82
Riyadh
69
Royal Address
125, 147–148
S
SA
xix, 28–30, 33–36, 72, 100, 109, 128, 149–150, 158–164, 186, 237, 241–242, 244, 251, 258
(see standard Arabic)
sabotage
168–169, 261
Saddam Hussain
106–107, 242
Safavid
15
safety
98, 110, 112, 128–130, 140, 152–153, 167–168, 253, 256, 260
Salafī
14–15, 20
Ṣalāt Al Jumʿa
156
(also see Friday Prayers)
Saleh, Ali
20, 69
Salman, Ali
xix, 71, 125–127, 129, 131–132, 134, 136, 141, 144, 187, 189, 191, 203, 251–252
sarcasm
99, 102, 115, 159, 167, 169, 183, 207, 273
sarcastic
76, 116, 172
Saudi Arabia
14, 16, 23, 31, 69, 211
SCA
11, 39, 48–50, 57–63, 78, 177, 190, 197, 206, 224, 273
scheme
77, 86
school
29, 55, 116, 214–215, 245
Second Deputy Speaker
159, 172–173, 258, 263
second legislative term
125
second person singular
92, 94
second term
70
second-person pronoun
147
sectarian
1–4, 6–9, 11–12, 17, 19, 21, 27–29, 36–37, 44–45, 48, 58, 66–68, 77, 86–87, 124, 146, 149–150, 181–182, 184, 188–189, 195, 199–200, 203, 205–208, 221, 271
sectarian affiliation
6, 27, 36, 124, 182, 208, 271
sectarian conflict
21, 66
sectarianism
162
security
1, 71, 87–89, 101–102, 106, 110–111, 113, 116, 128, 130, 133, 140, 143, 152–155, 158–159, 166, 168, 193, 196, 207–208, 223–224, 237–238, 242–243, 245, 251, 253, 256–258, 261, 269
selective
12, 62, 149, 203
selectivity
201
self-definition
42, 127–128, 131–132, 149, 189, 208
self-employment
202
self-expression
200
self-interruptions
96
self-portrait
58
semantic
32, 34, 37, 48–49, 58–59, 78, 83, 99, 110, 112, 136, 181, 207
semantic features
59
semantic nuances
136, 181
semantic properties
58
semi-modals
139, 144
semiotic
51, 64–66, 68, 76
semiotic aspect
65–66
semiotic connection
65
semiotic devices
76
sermon
156, 163
Shari’a
13, 15–16, 19–21, 273
Shatt Al Arab
31
Shia
32, 217 ;
(also see Shiite)
Shiite
1–4, 7–11, 13, 15–19, 26, 30–32, 66–67, 70, 75, 87–88, 101–102, 114, 124, 148–149, 159, 162–163, 174, 177, 182, 188–195, 199–201, 203, 205–209, 221, 271, 273
short turn
147
shura
3, 19, 20, 21, 71–72, 120–124, 169–171, 185, 199, 206, 247, 262
Shura Council
71–72, 171, 199, 206
silence
117
Singace, Abdul Jalil
150–151
singular first person
127
sit-in
141, 147
sitting
49, 72–73, 86–89, 111–112, 114, 119, 123–125, 131, 138, 141–142, 147–148, 150–152, 156, 158, 161, 163–164, 167, 169–170, 172–173, 175, 193, 221–224, 229–230, 237, 243–244, 246–247, 252, 254–257, 259–266
SMS messages
201
social and cognitive interaction
59
social cognition
57, 63
social construction
39, 43, 52
social dimension
56, 81
social group
41, 46, 124
social institutions
60, 63
social interaction
49, 55, 57, 216, 219, 271
social life
52, 62, 65, 272
social mind
62
social order
66–67, 161
social polarisation
70
social practice
65
social problem
65, 67
social sciences
50, 52, 60
social stability
62–63, 198
society
2–3, 5–14, 17, 25–26, 29, 32, 37, 39–40, 42, 48–49, 56–58, 60, 62–63, 65–66, 68, 70, 75–77, 86–87, 124, 128, 160–161, 163, 177, 184, 187, 189, 197–198, 200–202, 204–206, 209, 211, 215, 217–219, 225, 227, 271
sociocognitive approach
8–9, 11, 39, 57, 78, 206, 218, 273 ;
(also see SCA)
sound patterns
84
Speaker
xix, 6, 45, 48–49, 60, 75, 77–78, 84–85, 87–92, 94–103, 105–110, 112–115, 117, 119–125, 129, 131, 134–136, 138–143, 147, 152–153, 155–156, 159–160, 164, 166–176, 178–179, 181, 184–187, 189, 194, 207, 222–224, 237–245, 247, 251–254, 256, 258–263, 265–267, 272
spectrum
3, 5, 8, 10, 32, 65, 68, 84, 177–178, 197, 200–201, 207, 209
speech act
85, 99, 108, 120, 127, 151, 164, 170, 172, 219, 273
speech community
28–30, 44–46, 272
stability
8, 18, 62–64, 128, 197–198, 251
standard Arabic
27–28, 33–37, 78
standard Arabic (Also SA)
27–28, 33–37, 78
state
xxii, 1–2, 15–16, 20, 39–40, 43–44, 46, 51, 63, 69, 71, 79, 85, 100, 105, 107, 109, 130–131, 135, 137, 146, 155, 169, 190–191, 198, 200–201, 204, 209, 219, 237, 242–243, 252–253, 257, 269
State of Bahrain
71
statement
20, 75, 84–85, 98, 101, 104, 110, 112–113, 120–122, 124–129, 131–137, 140–145, 147, 149, 153–156, 158, 162–163, 172, 176, 183, 186–189, 204, 251–254, 272
statement group
125–129, 132–133, 136, 183, 186, 188–189
stereotypical
27, 45, 201
strata
160–161
strategy of intensifying grievance
76–77, 90, 94, 114, 172, 179–181, 188, 190–192, 196, 204, 207–209
stress
49, 81, 83, 94, 118, 142, 154, 166, 169, 171, 190, 199, 202, 224, 229, 272
style
64, 72, 78–79, 84, 88, 95, 97, 99, 103, 114–115, 117, 120, 122, 126–128, 138, 151, 164–165, 170, 175, 182, 184, 191, 193, 195–196, 204–205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 229, 272
stylistic variation
84
subjective
60–61
subjectivity
52, 60
Sudan
69
Sultan, Hassan
xvii, xix, 94–96, 102, 112–114, 170, 178–179, 181, 204, 237, 239
sunnah
9, 13, 17–18
Sunni
1–4, 7–11, 13–15, 17–19, 21, 25, 30–33, 66–67, 70, 75, 87–88, 101, 105, 114, 124–125, 149, 156, 158, 163, 165, 174, 177, 182–183, 188–190, 193–196, 199–201, 204–209, 221, 271, 273
supravaloration
57
suppression
28, 80, 203
sustainability
8, 198, 209
sympathy
76, 161, 168–169, 201, 203–204
synonym
212
Syria
26, 69, 202
T
tajdidi
14
teargas
86–88, 90–97, 100–102, 104–106, 108, 110, 112–114, 179, 187, 192, 194–195, 229–230, 239–240, 244
Tehran
69, 191
telephone
166–167 ;
(see also phone)
temporary committees
71
terrorism
21, 125, 149, 189, 192
terrorist
86, 101, 124–125, 127–131, 134, 136–137, 139, 145, 149–150, 181, 186–189, 194, 227, 229, 247, 251–252
terrorist cell
129–130, 188, 252
theft
159–160, 194, 258
theme
2, 64, 79, 86, 188, 205, 222–223, 225
theory of communicative action
62–63, 197, 214
thief
174, 263
tone
84, 110, 112, 154, 170, 173–174, 183, 185, 187, 196, 205, 272
torture
133, 136, 140, 143, 148, 253
training
202
transcription
74, 222–223, 254
trial
129, 133, 135–136, 139–140, 142–144, 252–254
triangulation
53
truth
19–20, 57, 104, 269
Tunisia
1, 69, 199–200, 203
turn-taking
54, 147, 172
tutoring role
97–98, 166
TV
28, 145–146, 201, 252
Twelver
15, 26
Twitter
201
U
U.A.E.
39–40, 97, 182–183, 205
U.S.
12
U.S. Embassy (also American Embassy)
116–117, 245
UK Parliament
71
UN
90, 203, 211, 218
UN 1993 Chemical Weapon Convention
90
understatement
151, 154
unemployment
202
UNICEF
202
United Nations
88, 202
United Nations Development Programme
202
unity
13, 48–49, 58, 63, 69, 163, 198–199, 201, 209, 254
unjustifiable
153–154, 257
unrest
1–2, 8–10, 12, 24, 87, 151, 199–205, 207
upheavals
200, 203, 204, 205
Upper House
3, 71 ;
(also see House of Lords, Al Shura)
Urdu
29
V
validity
90, 152, 160, 184, 258
value
68, 76, 102, 122, 180, 184
van Dijk
39–41, 44, 46, 49–51, 56–58, 60–62, 64, 78, 148, 153, 156, 177, 184, 188–190, 194, 216, 219, 271
van Leeuwen
51–53
vandalism
124–125, 148, 163, 175, 189, 192, 225, 266
variables
32, 80
vernacular
39, 72
victim
181
video
72, 83, 201, 204, 221–222
violence
69, 83, 124, 150, 204
volume
73, 96, 222, 272
vote
6–7, 73, 133, 163, 175, 223, 266
voters
20, 67, 71, 76
voting
20, 125, 163, 192–193, 238, 254
vow
135–136, 253
W
Wa’ad
3–4
warning
99, 105, 108, 118, 144, 153–154, 172
Washington
163, 212, 218
waṭan
127, 130
weapon
21, 66, 161, 240
website
73
welfare
202
western
19, 21, 25–26, 31, 76, 166, 188, 190, 195, 202
white weapons
193
wilāyat al faqīh
189, 273
wit
158–161, 217
women
25, 31, 92, 94, 194, 202, 239
wordiness
75, 76, 94, 95, 104, 120, 121, 161, 175, 176, 182, 193
word compounds
103, 229
word order
151, 224
wordiness
75–76, 94–95, 104, 120–121, 161, 175–176, 182, 193
Y
Yemen
26, 69
youth
31–33, 35, 37, 202, 211, 219
Youth of the February 14
202
Youtube
201
Z
Zaidis
16
Zubaida
188–189