Chapter 7
The visual construction of political crises
A news values approach
This chapter examines the visual construction of social actors (elite and non-elite) in all the news stories about political crises published by the British broadsheet The Independent between 2008 and 2014. Our findings show that the practices involved in the construction of political crises are overwhelmingly linked to oral communication. Yet the kind of oral communication through which political crises are visually rendered varies significantly according to the (non)elite status of the groups being visually framed. Whereas elite groups are visually constructed as dealing with political crises through measured, rational talk, non-elite groups are visually represented as either handling political crises in aggressive ways or as being their hopeless recipients. Our findings also support the thesis that the concept of crisis has undergone a process of ‘semantic inflation’ in postmodernity.
Article outline
- Introduction
- Of political crises and news images
- The study
- Political crises in the news: Visually framing elite and non-elite social ators
- Political leaders in times of crisis
- Citizens in times of crisis
- Conclusions
-
Notes
-
References
References (58)
References
Bednarek, Monika and Helen Caple. 2012. “‘Value added’: Language, image and news values.” Discourse, Context and Media 1(2–3): 103–13.
Billig, Michael. 1995.
Banal Nationalism
. London: Sage.
Boin, Arjen, Paul’t Hart, Eric Stern and Bengt Sundelius. 2005. The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership Under Pressure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boin, Arjen, Allan McConnell and Paul’t Hart (eds.) 2008. Governing After Crisis: The Politics of Investigation, Accountability and Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Borges-Rey, Eddy. 2015. “News Images on Instagram.” Digital Journalism 3(4): 571–593.
Bradford, Colin I. and Wonhyuk Lim. 2011. (eds.). Global Leadership in Transition: Making the G20 More Effective and Responsive. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Caple, Helen. 2013. Photojournalism: a social semiotic approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Castells, Manuel. 2012.
Networks of outrage and hope – social movements in the Internet age
. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Chaban, Natalia, Jessica Bain and Serena Kelly. 2014. “En‘vision’ing Europe’s crisis: Intertextuality in news coverage of the Eurozone crisis in Chinese, Indian and Russian press.” The Journal of International Communication 20(1): 1–20.
Christodoulidis, Emilios. 2014. “The economics of constitutional renewal.” In Polity and Crisis: Reflections on the European Odyssey, ed. by Massimo Fichera, Sakari Hanninen, and Kaarlo Tuori, 69–90. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
Clapson, Mark. 2009. The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Twentieth Century. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Coleman, Renita and Stephen Banning. 2006. “Network TV news’ affective framing of the presidential candidates: Evidence for a second-level agenda-setting effect through visual framing.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 83 (2): 313–328.
Cotter, Colin. 2010. News Talk: Investigating the Language of Journalism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Creary, Pat J. 1984. “Contending images of international crisis.” International Interactions 10: 401–409.
Driessens, Olivier, Raeymaeckers, Karin, Verstraeten, Hans, and Vandenbussche, Sarah. 2010. “Personalization According to Politicians: A Practice Theoretical Analysis of Mediatization.” Communications 35 (3): 309–326.
Fahmy, Shahira. 2005. “US Photojournalists’ and Photo Editors’ Attitudes and Perceptions: Visual Coverage of 9/11 and the Afghan War.” Visual Communication Quarterly 12(3–4): 146–63.
Fahmy, Shahira, Sooyoung Cho, Wayne Wanta, and Yonghoi Song. 2006. “Visual agenda-setting after 9/11: Individuals’ emotions, image recall and concern with terrorism.” Visual Communication Quarterly 12(1): 4–15.
Fahmy, Shahira, and Daekyung Kim. 2008. “Picturing the Iraq War: Constructing the Image of War in the British and U.S. Press.” International Communication Gazette 70(6): 443–62.
Fairhurst, Gail T. 2007. Discursive Leadership: In Conversation with Leadership Psychology. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Fowler, Roger. 1981. Literature as Social Discourse. London: Batsford.
Galtung, Johan, and Mari Ruge. 1965. “The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers.” Journal of Peace Research 2(1): 64–90.
Gill, Stephen. 2012.
Globalization, Democratization and Multilateralism
. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gitlin, Todd. 1980. The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Griffin, Michael. 2004. “Picturing America’s “war on terrorism” in Afghanistan and Iraq: Photographic motifs as news frames.” Journalism 5(4): 381–402.
Griffin, Michael, and Jongsoo Lee. 1995. “Picturing the Gulf War: Constructing Images of War in Time, Newsweek, and US News & World Report.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 72(4): 813–25.
Hartley, John. 1982. Understanding news. London: Routledge.
Isotalus, Pekka, and Merja Almonkari. 2014. “Mediatization and Political Leadership.” Journalism Studies 15(3): 289–303.
Kermode, Frank. 2000. The Sense of an Ending. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Koopmans, Ruud, and Susan Olzak. 2004. “Discursive opportunities and the evolution of right-wing violence in Germany.” American Journal of Sociology 110(1): 198–230.
Kress, Gunther, and van Leeuwen, Theo. 2001. Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. London, New York: Arnold.
Livingstone, Sonia, and Peter Lunt. 1994. Talk on television: audience participation and public debate. London: Routledge.
Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria. 2009. Television discourse: Analysing language in the media. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marquardt, Alexander. 2010. “Vladimir Putin: Prime Minister, Action Man, Crooner.” ABC News. (13 Dec 2010). Retrieved on 27 September 2015 from [URL]
McKendree, Amanda G. 2011. “Synthesizing and integrating the crisis literature: A reflective practice.” Review of Communication. 11(3):177–192.
Messaris, Paul, and Linus Abraham. 2001. “The Role of Images in Framing News Stories.” In Framing Public Life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world, ed. by Stephen D. Reese, Jr. Oscar H. Gandy, and August, E. Grant, Mahwah, 215–26. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Parry, Katy. 2010. “A visual framing analysis of British press photography during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.” Media, War & Conflict 3(1): 67–85.
Pfau, Michael, Haigh, Michel M., Theresa Shannon, Toni Tones, Deborah Mercurio, Raina Williams, et al. 2008. “The influence of television news depictions of the images of war on viewers.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 52(2): 303–322.
Richardson, John E. 2007. Analysing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rosenberg, Shawn W., Shulamit Kahn, Thuy Tran and Minh-Thu Le. 1991. “Creating a political image: Shaping appearance and manipulating the vote.” Political Behavior 13(4): 345–367.
Scheufele, Dietram A., and Shanto Iyengar. 2012. “The state of framing research: A call for new directions.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, ed. by Kate Kenski, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Schill, Dan. 2012. “The visual image and the political image: A review of visual communication research in the field of political communication.” Review of Communication 12(2): 118–142.
Schnurr, Stephanie, Alexandra Homolar, Malcolm N. MacDonald, and Lena Rethel. 2015. “Legitimizing claims for ‘crisis’ leadership in global governance.” Critical Discourse Studies 12 (2): 187–205.
Sears, Neil, and David Williams. 2002. “Blair stuns party with two hour guitar show.” Daily Mail, August 31, 2002. Retrieved on 27 September 2015 from: [URL]
Sontag, Susan. 2003. Regarding the pain of others. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Street, John. 2004. “Celebrity politicians: Popular culture and political representation.” The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 6: 435–452.
Tétu, Jean-François, and Annelise Touboul. 2014. “The News Image. At Flux Between Permanence and Transformation.” Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo [En ligne] 3(1), mis en ligne le 15 avril 2014. URL : [URL]
The Independent. (27 January 2013). “Editorial: a liberal gamble too far.” Accessed on 13 May, 2015 from: [URL]
van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News as Discourse. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Van Leeuwen, Theo. 1996. “The Representation of Social Actors”. In Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, (eds.). Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard, and Malcolm Coulthard, 32–70. London: Routledge.
Wheeler, Thomas H. 2002. Phototruth Or Photofiction?: Ethics and Media Imagery in the Digital Age. New Jersey, USA: Taylor & Francis.
Williams, Rosalind H. 2012. “The rolling apocalypse of contemporary history.” In Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis, ed. by Manuel Castells, João Caraça, and Gustavo Cardoso, 17–43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wodak, Ruth. 2010. The glocalization of politics in television: Fiction or reality? European Journal of Cultural Studies 13 (1): 43–62.
Zelizer, Barbie. 2004. “When war is reduced to a photograph.” In Reporting War: Journalism in Wartime, ed. by Stuart Allan, and Barbie Zelizer, 115–135. Oxford: Routledge.
Zelizer, Barbie. 2005. “Journalism through the camera’s eye.” In Journalism: Critical Issues, ed. by Stuart Allan, 167–175. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Zelizer, Barbie. 2007. “On ‘having been there’: ‘Eyewitnessing’ as a journalistic key word.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 24(5): 408–28.
Zeng, Li, and Ngozi, A., Akinro, N. 2013. “Picturing the Jos crisis online in three leading newspapers in Nigeria: A Visual Framing Perspective.” Visual Communication Quarterly 20 (4): 196–204.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Javadinejad, Arash
2024.
A corpus-assisted approach to discursive news values analysis.
Research in Corpus Linguistics 12:1
► pp. 1 ff.
Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna & Przemysław Wilk
2021.
Casual, Colloquial, Commonsensical: A News Values Stylistic Analysis of a Populist Newsfeed.
Journalism Studies 22:6
► pp. 760 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.