219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201903011405 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
220018590 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code DAPSAC 81 Eb 15 9789027262707 06 10.1075/dapsac.81 13 2019004047 DG 002 02 01 DAPSAC 02 1569-9463 Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 81 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Migration and Media</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discourses about identities in crisis</Subtitle> 01 dapsac.81 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/dapsac.81 1 B01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 2 B01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 01 eng 372 xi 360 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 The socio-discursive landscape surrounding the migration debate is characterised by a growing sense of crisis in both personal and collective identities. From this viewpoint, discourses about immigration are also always attempts at reconstructing the threatened ‘home identity’ of the respective host society. It is such attempts at reasserting identity-in-crisis (due to migration) that are the focus of the volume <i>Migration and Media: Discourses about identities in crisis</i>. This four-part book explores the representational strategies used to frame current migration debates as crises of identity, collective and individual. It features fourteen case-studies of varying sets of data including print media texts, TV broadcasts, online forums, politicians’ speeches, legal and administrative texts, and oral narratives, drawn from discourses in a range of languages – Croatian, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Ukrainian – , and it employs different discourse-analytical methods, such as Argumentation and Metaphor Analysis, Gendered Language Studies, Corpus-assisted Semantics and Pragmatics, and Proximization Theory. Such a diverse range of sources, languages, and approaches provides innovative methodological and theoretical analysis on migration and identity which will be of interest to scholars, students, and policy makers working in the fields of migration studies, media studies, identity studies, and social and public policy.<br />As of January 2023, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. 46 01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 47 Open access -- this title is available under a CC BY-NC-ND license. For full details, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 05 The volume <i>Migration and Media</i> appeals undoubtedly to a variety of academic disciplines beyond linguistics: researchers in migration, ethnic and area studies, anthropology, history, politics and sociology can find valuable insights and inspiration for their research. Aleksandra Salamurovic, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, in Journal of Language and Politics 19:4 (2020) 05 Analysing media coverage of migrants is intrinsically interesting, particularly because by influencing both the public and policy makers, it significantly impacts on the way that migrants and the host society interact. Migrants are often depicted in the media as a burden to the host societies, or blamed for complex socio-economic problems, but what we realised by analysing media discourse was that host societies are seen more and more as being threatened in their core existence by “migrants”, “asylum seekers”, and “refugees”. These categories often blend into each other to form one threatening entity. Understanding how migrants are represented in the media is therefore key to understand the growing sense of crisis in both personal and collective identities that dominates the socio-discursive landscape of migration. And this is precisely the focus of this volume. Excerpt from the interview with the editors on 5 February 2019 by Eastminster (http://www.ueapolitics.org/author/alexrd/) 05 Drawing on a diverse range of methods and data sets, the contributors to this collection provide an in-depth investigation of migrant discourse that highlights the crucial role of language in constructing a causal relationship between migration and national identities in crisis. In short, this collection sheds new light on a timely topic that will likely remain significant for years to come. Farah Ali, Gettysburg College, on Linguist List 31.159 (10 January 2020) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/dapsac.81.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027202475.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027202475.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/dapsac.81.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/dapsac.81.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/dapsac.81.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/dapsac.81.hb.png 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.pre vii xii 6 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface</TitleText> 1 A01 Ruth Wodak Wodak, Ruth Ruth Wodak Lancaster University 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.01mus 1 10 10 Introduction 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Migration and crisis identity</Subtitle> 1 A01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 2 A01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;I. Framing migration as a crisis of identity I</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Representational strategies</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.02sch 13 44 32 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;1. A comparative analysis of the keyword <i>multicultural(ism)</i> in French, British, German and Italian migration discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Melani Schröter Schröter, Melani Melani Schröter University of Reading 2 A01 Marie Veniard Veniard, Marie Marie Veniard Université Paris Descartes 3 A01 Charlotte Taylor Taylor, Charlotte Charlotte Taylor University of Sussex 4 A01 Andreas Blätte Blätte, Andreas Andreas Blätte Universität Duisburg-Essen 20 corpus-assisted discourse studies 20 cultural keywords 20 discourse 20 migration 20 multicultural(ism) 01 This chapter looks into discourses about migration in four European countries through the lens of cultural keywords (cf. Williams 1983; Bennett et&#160;al. 2005; Wierzbicka 1997); using Corpus Assisted Discourse Analysis, it compares the use of the keywords <i>multicultural</i> and <i>multiculturalism</i>. The study is based on corpora from British, French, German and Italian newspaper articles covering the time span 1998&#8211;2012, collated from one conservative and one left-liberal national newspaper in each language.<br />Across the languages, the results show that the adjective <i>multicultural</i> is mostly descriptive of a state of affairs, typically without negative evaluation, and that the noun <i>multiculturalism</i> is associated with abstract concepts and points to a more negative discourse prosody, indicated by collocates such as &#8216;failure&#8217;. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.03vio 45 62 18 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;2. <i>Polentone</i> vs <i>terrone</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A discourse-historical analysis of media representation of Italian internal migration</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 20 corpus-based CDA 20 discriminating discourse 20 identity 20 Italian internal migration 20 Othering 01 This article explores how the internal conflict between the Italian Northern and Southern regions&#8217; ideologies is linguistically apparent in the use of the discriminating words <i>polentone</i> (literally, <i>polenta</i> eater) attached to people from the North and <i>terrone</i> (literally, person from the land) referred to people from the South. The research hypothesis is that, although at first these terms appear to carry a similar derogatory connotation, <i>terrone</i> is in fact more offensive<i>.</i> It is argued here that such difference may find its roots in the Italian central government political strategies which, by historically favouring one part of the country to the disadvantage of the other, have factually aggravated the production and reproduction of discriminatory prejudices against the South. By using the &#8220;discourse-historical approach&#8221; (Wodak 2001), the study triangulates linguistic, social and historical data to unveil correlations between the discursive discrimination against Italian intra-migrants and the implicit ideologies circulated by governmental choices. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.04san 63 90 28 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;3. Featuring immigrants and citizens</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparison between Spanish and English primary legislation and administration information texts (2007&#8211;2011)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Purificación Sánchez Sánchez, Purificación Purificación Sánchez University of Murcia 2 A01 Pilar Aguado-Jimenez Aguado-Jimenez, Pilar Pilar Aguado-Jimenez University of Murcia 3 A01 Pascual Pérez-Paredes Pérez-Paredes, Pascual Pascual Pérez-Paredes University of Cambridge 20 administration 20 citizens 20 corpus linguistics 20 critical discourse analysis 20 immigrants 20 information texts 01 This study highlights the different approaches to the construction of immigrants and citizens that United Kingdom and Spain seem to have favoured in the period 2007&#8211;2011. A corpus of legislation (EN-1, SP-1) and another of information texts (EN-3, SP-3) produced by the administrations of both countries were compiled during the period 2007&#8211;2011 and the terms &#8220;immigrant&#8221;, &#8220;inmigrante&#8221;, &#8220;citizen&#8221; and &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; were profiled through collocation analysis. Regarding &#8220;immigrant&#8221; and &#8220;inmigrante&#8221;, our results show that while the British administration is interested in control procedures for immigrants, the Spanish one advocates their integration. As for &#8220;citizen&#8221; and &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; the first term is related to regulation of entry, registration and naturalization, whereas &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; appears mainly associated to the EU, residence and access to public services. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p2 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;II. Framing migration as a crisis of identity II</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Argumentation, pragmatic and figurative strategies</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.05koc 93 114 22 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;4. A humanitarian disaster or invasion of Europe?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">2015 migrant crisis in the British press</Subtitle> 1 A01 Zeynep Cihan Koca-Helvacı Koca-Helvacı, Zeynep Cihan Zeynep Cihan Koca-Helvacı Dokuz Eylul University 20 British press 20 discourse topics 20 immigration 20 media attitude 20 social actors 01 This study sought to find out how language resources were employed to reflect the changing media attitude towards immigrants during the 2015 Migrant Crisis. Combining relevant analytical categories of the Socio-Cognitive Approach (Van Dijk 1991), the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak 2001) and the Social Actor Analysis (van Leeuwen 2008) with Corpus Linguistic techniques, it compared the British media coverage of two critical cases; the Death of Aylan Kurdi, and the Cologne Sexual Assaults. The findings show that in both cases, regardless of news content, immigration was problematized as a <i>crisis</i>, <i>controversy</i>, and <i>catastrophe</i>. The scale of the tragedy and the possibility of an immigrant influx to the UK deeply influenced the media representation of the immigrants. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.06cap 115 136 22 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Aspects of threat construction in the Polish anti-immigration discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Piotr Cap Cap, Piotr Piotr Cap University of Łódź 20 anti-immigration discourse 20 Law & Justice Party 20 legitimization 20 Poland 20 proximization 20 threat construction 01 Proximization Theory (PT) (Cap 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017; among others) is a cognitive-critical model that accounts for the ways in which the discursive construction of closeness and remoteness can be manipulated in the political sphere and bound up with fear, security and conflict. This article applies PT in the domain of state political discourse in today's Poland, outlining strategies whereby anti-immigration stance and policies are legitimized by discursively constructed fear appeals and other coercion patterns. It demonstrates how the &#8216;emerging&#8217;, &#8216;growing&#8217;, &#8216;gathering&#8217; threats&#160;&#8211; physical as well as ideological&#160;&#8211; are construed by the Polish right-wing government, who thus claim their right to oppose EU immigration agreements and pursue strict anti-immigration measures. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.07arc 137 160 24 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;6. Gender, metaphor and migration in media representations</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discursive manipulations of the <i>Other</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Liudmila Arcimaviciene Arcimaviciene, Liudmila Liudmila Arcimaviciene Vilnius University 20 evaluation 20 gender 20 media discourse 20 metaphor 20 migration 01 This study discusses the gendered use of metaphors in the media texts collected from the U.S. and UK online media sources in the time span of two years (2015&#8211;2017) on the topic of the EU 2015 migration. Using Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007), 88 media texts were analysed, following the criteria of topicality and gender. The findings reveal how the evoked frames of quantifiable and tradable objects, natural phenomena, crimes, war and terrorism contribute to suppressing positive emotions, related to empathy or compassion. It is also determined how the collective media voice is twisted by such underlying categories as competition, hierarchy and dominance that create an ideological opposition and relegate the collective migrant to the <i>Other</i>. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p3 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;III. Multimodal crisis communication</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Migration discourses across different media</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.08but 163 182 20 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;7. Practical reasoning and metaphor in TV discussions on immigration in Greece</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Exchanges and changes</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eleni Butulussi Butulussi, Eleni Eleni Butulussi Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 20 frames 20 immigration 20 integrated 20 metaphor analysis (critical 20 multi-level) 20 practical reasoning 20 scenarios 20 TV discussions 01 This article investigates the dynamic processes taking place in relation to the choice of specific fixed metaphors which function as framing devices by rival politicians to reinforce their proposals for action in the media immigration discourse of Greek TV discussions (1996-2016). In this research context a critical, integrated, multi-level metaphor analysis model is suggested which combines different methods (see Cameron 2008; Fairclough et&#160;al. 2012; Charteris-Black 2014; Musolff 2016; Semino et&#160;al. 2016) for a linguistic, cognitive and discursive-communicative-rhetorical analysis in the context of practical reasoning focusing on the framing power of metaphor. Results revealed that around these metaphors the different political ideologies are framed in agreement with the rhetorical tendencies (e.g simplification, bipolarization, hyperbole) of the political media discourse. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.09sil 183 202 20 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. The Great Wall of Europe</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Verbal and multimodal portrayals of Europe’s migrant crisis in Serbian media discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Nadežda Silaški Silaški, Nadežda Nadežda Silaški University of Belgrade 2 A01 Tatjana Đurović Đurović, Tatjana Tatjana Đurović University of Belgrade 20 BERLIN WALL scenario 20 EU 20 FORTRESS EUROPE scenario 20 metaphor scenario 20 migrant crisis 20 multimodality 20 Serbia 20 WALL metaphor 01 Complementing the theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Musolff 2004, 2011) with research on multimodality from a cognitive viewpoint (Bounegru and Forceville 2011), in the chapter we deal with both linguistic and multimodal instantiations of the <sc>wall</sc> metaphor in Serbian media texts published in 2015 in an attempt to identify the most frequent metaphor scenarios modelled around this concept in a critical period during the European migrant crisis. Two major metaphor scenarios (Musolff 2006) triggered by the <sc>wall</sc> metaphor arise&#160;&#8211; <sc>fortress europe</sc> and <sc>berlin wall</sc>, both appearing to be instrumental in communicating the notions of marginalisation and non-belongingness to the EU space, emanating from verbally and visually constructed image of both migrants and the Serbian nation. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.10sar 203 238 36 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;9. Representations of the 2015/2016 &#8220;migrant crisis&#8221; on the online portals of Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters</TitleText> 1 A01 Ljiljana Šarić Šarić, Ljiljana Ljiljana Šarić University of Oslo 2 A01 Tatjana Radanović Felberg Felberg, Tatjana Radanović Tatjana Radanović Felberg OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University 20 Croatian public broadcaster 20 migrant "crisis" 20 Serbian public broadcaster 20 the Balkan route 01 This chapter investigates the verbal and visual representation of migration and migrants in Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters&#8217; online portals during the &#8220;migrant crisis&#8221; in 2015/2016. The study shows that migrants are generally positively represented, which is congruent with the official policies of Croatia and Serbia. This positive representation was frequently used for positive self-evaluation of these countries&#8217; influential social actors, and negative evaluation of neighboring countries. The chapter employs macro- and micro-linguistic analysis within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and multimodal analysis. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.11cat 239 262 24 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;10. Representation of unaccompanied migrant children from Central America in the United States</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Media vs. migrant perspectives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Theresa Catalano Catalano, Theresa Theresa Catalano University of Arizona 2 A01 Jessica Mitchell-McCollough Mitchell-McCollough, Jessica Jessica Mitchell-McCollough University of Nebraska-Lincoln 20 Central America 20 media discourse 20 multimodal critical discourse analysis 20 Unaccompanied migrant children 01 This chapter examines the representation of unaccompanied minors fleeing Central America (namely Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) in U.S. online national news sources over a one-year period and compares this to the way these children talk about their own perceptions of migration and their motivation for moving. Data collection consisted of online news reports on unaccompanied minors from Central America in the United States as well as interviews with children collected from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations. Multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals a qualitative difference in discourse (e.g., use of metaphor, metonymy, deixis and visual elements) that varies depending on whether the sources are media reports or personal accounts from the children themselves. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p4 Section header 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;IV. Online debates about migration</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Virtual crisis experience</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.12abe 265 290 26 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;11. Displaced Ukrainians</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Russo-Ukrainian discussions of victims from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ludmilla A'Beckett A'Beckett, Ludmilla Ludmilla A'Beckett University of the Free State 20 catastrophe scenario 20 disparaging expressions 20 humanitarianism 20 negativisation 20 numerical elements 20 official media 20 Russia 20 scroungers 20 social media 20 stereotypes 20 Ukraine 01 This paper compares several discourse representations of migrants in the British media with the data on Ukrainian displaced people from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine. The comparison shows that mainstream media in Russia and Ukraine attempt to depict displaced Ukrainians sympathetically, to win the hearts and minds of the people from the disputed conflict zone and to evoke approval from the international community. Participants in online debates in both countries actively use different techniques of negativisation of the images of migrants. They often either rely on a novel vocabulary for abuses or adapt old disparaging expressions activating cultural prejudices. The paper concludes that Russian and Ukrainian sets of abuse developed during the confrontation reinforce the specifics of the national vision of the conflict development. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.13boy 291 316 26 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 12. Preaching from a distant pulpit</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The European migrant crisis seen through a <i>New York Times</i> editorial and reader comments</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michael S. Boyd Boyd, Michael S. Michael S. Boyd Università Roma Tre 20 2015 European migrant crisis 20 Corpus Linguistics 20 Critical Discourse Analysis 20 Editorials 20 New Media 20 Text World Theory 01 On 18 September 2015, in the midst of the greatest movement of refugees and migrants that Europe has seen since the Second World War, <i>The New York Times</i> published an editorial entitled &#8220;Europe should see refugees as a Boon, not as a Burden.&#8221; Not surprisingly, the article received well over 450 comments from readers reflecting the myriad of opinions about the complex issue of (European) migration and refugees. This paper is interested in the discourses about (European) migration that emerge from both the editorial and reader comments. Partially inspired by Text World Theory (Werth 1995), the study attempts to determine readers&#8217; varying opinions about the issue and how this reflects and/or diverges from the view(s) presented by the editorial. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.14ful 317 338 22 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;13. Discourses of immigration and integration in German newspaper comments</TitleText> 1 A01 Janet M. Fuller Fuller, Janet M. Janet M. Fuller Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 20 Ethnonational ideologies 20 German identity 20 Immigration 20 Integration 01 This chapter employs a critical, constructivist theoretical perspective to address how online commenters on articles in the liberal newspaper <i>Die Zeit</i> characterize immigrants, integration, and German identity. While the formerly dominant ethnonational ideology about German identity is now in the minority, there is nonetheless a strong tendency to categorize and characterize immigrant background residents according to ethnonational and religious criteria. A hierarchy of immigrants has emerged, with a discourse that positions Muslims in general, and Turks in particular, as the unintegrated Other. Because Germanness is defined in opposition to Muslim practices, integration for such residents is impossible. However, the presence of competing discourses is significant; through voices that point out discrimination and view integration as a two-way process, social change may be enacted. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.15mus 339 354 16 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;14. &#8220;They have lived in our street for six years now and still don&#8217;t speak a work [!] of English&#8221;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Scenarios of alleged linguistic underperformance as part of anti-immigrant discourses</Subtitle> 1 A01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 20 computer-mediated communication 20 culture mix 20 immigration 20 migration 20 multiculturalism 20 multilingualism 20 on-line forums 20 scenario 20 superdiversity 01 Whilst sociolinguistic superdiversity is often viewed as an almost irreversible global development, there may be a question mark over whether the &#8216;mix of cultures&#8217;, which mass migration allegedly fosters, does in fact lead to an acceptance of multilingualism and/or multiculturalism in the respective societies. On the basis of public discourse data from press media and Internet forums, this paper explores popular attitudes the effects of mass immigration, which appear to express an endorsement of monolingual/monocultural societies. Using methods of argumentation theory, pragmatics and discourse-historical triangulation, the article argues that findings of a global rise in superdiversity as regards usage data need to be complemented by studies of divergent perception patterns at local/national levels. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.bio1 355 358 4 Miscellaneous 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Notes on contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.ind1 359 1 Miscellaneous 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20190307 2019 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027202475 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 40 01 487018589 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code DAPSAC 81 Hb 15 9789027202475 13 2018057358 BB 01 DAPSAC 02 1569-9463 Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 81 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Migration and Media</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discourses about identities in crisis</Subtitle> 01 dapsac.81 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/dapsac.81 1 B01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 2 B01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 01 eng 372 xi 360 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 The socio-discursive landscape surrounding the migration debate is characterised by a growing sense of crisis in both personal and collective identities. From this viewpoint, discourses about immigration are also always attempts at reconstructing the threatened ‘home identity’ of the respective host society. It is such attempts at reasserting identity-in-crisis (due to migration) that are the focus of the volume <i>Migration and Media: Discourses about identities in crisis</i>. This four-part book explores the representational strategies used to frame current migration debates as crises of identity, collective and individual. It features fourteen case-studies of varying sets of data including print media texts, TV broadcasts, online forums, politicians’ speeches, legal and administrative texts, and oral narratives, drawn from discourses in a range of languages – Croatian, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Ukrainian – , and it employs different discourse-analytical methods, such as Argumentation and Metaphor Analysis, Gendered Language Studies, Corpus-assisted Semantics and Pragmatics, and Proximization Theory. Such a diverse range of sources, languages, and approaches provides innovative methodological and theoretical analysis on migration and identity which will be of interest to scholars, students, and policy makers working in the fields of migration studies, media studies, identity studies, and social and public policy.<br />As of January 2023, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. 05 The volume <i>Migration and Media</i> appeals undoubtedly to a variety of academic disciplines beyond linguistics: researchers in migration, ethnic and area studies, anthropology, history, politics and sociology can find valuable insights and inspiration for their research. Aleksandra Salamurovic, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, in Journal of Language and Politics 19:4 (2020) 05 Analysing media coverage of migrants is intrinsically interesting, particularly because by influencing both the public and policy makers, it significantly impacts on the way that migrants and the host society interact. Migrants are often depicted in the media as a burden to the host societies, or blamed for complex socio-economic problems, but what we realised by analysing media discourse was that host societies are seen more and more as being threatened in their core existence by “migrants”, “asylum seekers”, and “refugees”. These categories often blend into each other to form one threatening entity. Understanding how migrants are represented in the media is therefore key to understand the growing sense of crisis in both personal and collective identities that dominates the socio-discursive landscape of migration. And this is precisely the focus of this volume. Excerpt from the interview with the editors on 5 February 2019 by Eastminster (http://www.ueapolitics.org/author/alexrd/) 05 Drawing on a diverse range of methods and data sets, the contributors to this collection provide an in-depth investigation of migrant discourse that highlights the crucial role of language in constructing a causal relationship between migration and national identities in crisis. In short, this collection sheds new light on a timely topic that will likely remain significant for years to come. Farah Ali, Gettysburg College, on Linguist List 31.159 (10 January 2020) 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/dapsac.81.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027202475.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027202475.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/dapsac.81.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/dapsac.81.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/dapsac.81.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/dapsac.81.hb.png 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.pre vii xii 6 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Preface</TitleText> 1 A01 Ruth Wodak Wodak, Ruth Ruth Wodak Lancaster University 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.01mus 1 10 10 Introduction 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Migration and crisis identity</Subtitle> 1 A01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 2 A01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;I. Framing migration as a crisis of identity I</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Representational strategies</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.02sch 13 44 32 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;1. A comparative analysis of the keyword <i>multicultural(ism)</i> in French, British, German and Italian migration discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Melani Schröter Schröter, Melani Melani Schröter University of Reading 2 A01 Marie Veniard Veniard, Marie Marie Veniard Université Paris Descartes 3 A01 Charlotte Taylor Taylor, Charlotte Charlotte Taylor University of Sussex 4 A01 Andreas Blätte Blätte, Andreas Andreas Blätte Universität Duisburg-Essen 20 corpus-assisted discourse studies 20 cultural keywords 20 discourse 20 migration 20 multicultural(ism) 01 This chapter looks into discourses about migration in four European countries through the lens of cultural keywords (cf. Williams 1983; Bennett et&#160;al. 2005; Wierzbicka 1997); using Corpus Assisted Discourse Analysis, it compares the use of the keywords <i>multicultural</i> and <i>multiculturalism</i>. The study is based on corpora from British, French, German and Italian newspaper articles covering the time span 1998&#8211;2012, collated from one conservative and one left-liberal national newspaper in each language.<br />Across the languages, the results show that the adjective <i>multicultural</i> is mostly descriptive of a state of affairs, typically without negative evaluation, and that the noun <i>multiculturalism</i> is associated with abstract concepts and points to a more negative discourse prosody, indicated by collocates such as &#8216;failure&#8217;. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.03vio 45 62 18 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;2. <i>Polentone</i> vs <i>terrone</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A discourse-historical analysis of media representation of Italian internal migration</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lorella Viola Viola, Lorella Lorella Viola Utrecht University 20 corpus-based CDA 20 discriminating discourse 20 identity 20 Italian internal migration 20 Othering 01 This article explores how the internal conflict between the Italian Northern and Southern regions&#8217; ideologies is linguistically apparent in the use of the discriminating words <i>polentone</i> (literally, <i>polenta</i> eater) attached to people from the North and <i>terrone</i> (literally, person from the land) referred to people from the South. The research hypothesis is that, although at first these terms appear to carry a similar derogatory connotation, <i>terrone</i> is in fact more offensive<i>.</i> It is argued here that such difference may find its roots in the Italian central government political strategies which, by historically favouring one part of the country to the disadvantage of the other, have factually aggravated the production and reproduction of discriminatory prejudices against the South. By using the &#8220;discourse-historical approach&#8221; (Wodak 2001), the study triangulates linguistic, social and historical data to unveil correlations between the discursive discrimination against Italian intra-migrants and the implicit ideologies circulated by governmental choices. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.04san 63 90 28 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;3. Featuring immigrants and citizens</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A comparison between Spanish and English primary legislation and administration information texts (2007&#8211;2011)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Purificación Sánchez Sánchez, Purificación Purificación Sánchez University of Murcia 2 A01 Pilar Aguado-Jimenez Aguado-Jimenez, Pilar Pilar Aguado-Jimenez University of Murcia 3 A01 Pascual Pérez-Paredes Pérez-Paredes, Pascual Pascual Pérez-Paredes University of Cambridge 20 administration 20 citizens 20 corpus linguistics 20 critical discourse analysis 20 immigrants 20 information texts 01 This study highlights the different approaches to the construction of immigrants and citizens that United Kingdom and Spain seem to have favoured in the period 2007&#8211;2011. A corpus of legislation (EN-1, SP-1) and another of information texts (EN-3, SP-3) produced by the administrations of both countries were compiled during the period 2007&#8211;2011 and the terms &#8220;immigrant&#8221;, &#8220;inmigrante&#8221;, &#8220;citizen&#8221; and &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; were profiled through collocation analysis. Regarding &#8220;immigrant&#8221; and &#8220;inmigrante&#8221;, our results show that while the British administration is interested in control procedures for immigrants, the Spanish one advocates their integration. As for &#8220;citizen&#8221; and &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; the first term is related to regulation of entry, registration and naturalization, whereas &#8220;ciudadano&#8221; appears mainly associated to the EU, residence and access to public services. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p2 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;II. Framing migration as a crisis of identity II</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Argumentation, pragmatic and figurative strategies</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.05koc 93 114 22 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;4. A humanitarian disaster or invasion of Europe?</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">2015 migrant crisis in the British press</Subtitle> 1 A01 Zeynep Cihan Koca-Helvacı Koca-Helvacı, Zeynep Cihan Zeynep Cihan Koca-Helvacı Dokuz Eylul University 20 British press 20 discourse topics 20 immigration 20 media attitude 20 social actors 01 This study sought to find out how language resources were employed to reflect the changing media attitude towards immigrants during the 2015 Migrant Crisis. Combining relevant analytical categories of the Socio-Cognitive Approach (Van Dijk 1991), the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak 2001) and the Social Actor Analysis (van Leeuwen 2008) with Corpus Linguistic techniques, it compared the British media coverage of two critical cases; the Death of Aylan Kurdi, and the Cologne Sexual Assaults. The findings show that in both cases, regardless of news content, immigration was problematized as a <i>crisis</i>, <i>controversy</i>, and <i>catastrophe</i>. The scale of the tragedy and the possibility of an immigrant influx to the UK deeply influenced the media representation of the immigrants. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.06cap 115 136 22 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Aspects of threat construction in the Polish anti-immigration discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Piotr Cap Cap, Piotr Piotr Cap University of Łódź 20 anti-immigration discourse 20 Law & Justice Party 20 legitimization 20 Poland 20 proximization 20 threat construction 01 Proximization Theory (PT) (Cap 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017; among others) is a cognitive-critical model that accounts for the ways in which the discursive construction of closeness and remoteness can be manipulated in the political sphere and bound up with fear, security and conflict. This article applies PT in the domain of state political discourse in today's Poland, outlining strategies whereby anti-immigration stance and policies are legitimized by discursively constructed fear appeals and other coercion patterns. It demonstrates how the &#8216;emerging&#8217;, &#8216;growing&#8217;, &#8216;gathering&#8217; threats&#160;&#8211; physical as well as ideological&#160;&#8211; are construed by the Polish right-wing government, who thus claim their right to oppose EU immigration agreements and pursue strict anti-immigration measures. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.07arc 137 160 24 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;6. Gender, metaphor and migration in media representations</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Discursive manipulations of the <i>Other</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Liudmila Arcimaviciene Arcimaviciene, Liudmila Liudmila Arcimaviciene Vilnius University 20 evaluation 20 gender 20 media discourse 20 metaphor 20 migration 01 This study discusses the gendered use of metaphors in the media texts collected from the U.S. and UK online media sources in the time span of two years (2015&#8211;2017) on the topic of the EU 2015 migration. Using Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007), 88 media texts were analysed, following the criteria of topicality and gender. The findings reveal how the evoked frames of quantifiable and tradable objects, natural phenomena, crimes, war and terrorism contribute to suppressing positive emotions, related to empathy or compassion. It is also determined how the collective media voice is twisted by such underlying categories as competition, hierarchy and dominance that create an ideological opposition and relegate the collective migrant to the <i>Other</i>. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p3 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;III. Multimodal crisis communication</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Migration discourses across different media</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.08but 163 182 20 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;7. Practical reasoning and metaphor in TV discussions on immigration in Greece</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Exchanges and changes</Subtitle> 1 A01 Eleni Butulussi Butulussi, Eleni Eleni Butulussi Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 20 frames 20 immigration 20 integrated 20 metaphor analysis (critical 20 multi-level) 20 practical reasoning 20 scenarios 20 TV discussions 01 This article investigates the dynamic processes taking place in relation to the choice of specific fixed metaphors which function as framing devices by rival politicians to reinforce their proposals for action in the media immigration discourse of Greek TV discussions (1996-2016). In this research context a critical, integrated, multi-level metaphor analysis model is suggested which combines different methods (see Cameron 2008; Fairclough et&#160;al. 2012; Charteris-Black 2014; Musolff 2016; Semino et&#160;al. 2016) for a linguistic, cognitive and discursive-communicative-rhetorical analysis in the context of practical reasoning focusing on the framing power of metaphor. Results revealed that around these metaphors the different political ideologies are framed in agreement with the rhetorical tendencies (e.g simplification, bipolarization, hyperbole) of the political media discourse. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.09sil 183 202 20 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. The Great Wall of Europe</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Verbal and multimodal portrayals of Europe’s migrant crisis in Serbian media discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Nadežda Silaški Silaški, Nadežda Nadežda Silaški University of Belgrade 2 A01 Tatjana Đurović Đurović, Tatjana Tatjana Đurović University of Belgrade 20 BERLIN WALL scenario 20 EU 20 FORTRESS EUROPE scenario 20 metaphor scenario 20 migrant crisis 20 multimodality 20 Serbia 20 WALL metaphor 01 Complementing the theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Musolff 2004, 2011) with research on multimodality from a cognitive viewpoint (Bounegru and Forceville 2011), in the chapter we deal with both linguistic and multimodal instantiations of the <sc>wall</sc> metaphor in Serbian media texts published in 2015 in an attempt to identify the most frequent metaphor scenarios modelled around this concept in a critical period during the European migrant crisis. Two major metaphor scenarios (Musolff 2006) triggered by the <sc>wall</sc> metaphor arise&#160;&#8211; <sc>fortress europe</sc> and <sc>berlin wall</sc>, both appearing to be instrumental in communicating the notions of marginalisation and non-belongingness to the EU space, emanating from verbally and visually constructed image of both migrants and the Serbian nation. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.10sar 203 238 36 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;9. Representations of the 2015/2016 &#8220;migrant crisis&#8221; on the online portals of Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters</TitleText> 1 A01 Ljiljana Šarić Šarić, Ljiljana Ljiljana Šarić University of Oslo 2 A01 Tatjana Radanović Felberg Felberg, Tatjana Radanović Tatjana Radanović Felberg OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University 20 Croatian public broadcaster 20 migrant "crisis" 20 Serbian public broadcaster 20 the Balkan route 01 This chapter investigates the verbal and visual representation of migration and migrants in Croatian and Serbian public broadcasters&#8217; online portals during the &#8220;migrant crisis&#8221; in 2015/2016. The study shows that migrants are generally positively represented, which is congruent with the official policies of Croatia and Serbia. This positive representation was frequently used for positive self-evaluation of these countries&#8217; influential social actors, and negative evaluation of neighboring countries. The chapter employs macro- and micro-linguistic analysis within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and multimodal analysis. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.11cat 239 262 24 Chapter 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;10. Representation of unaccompanied migrant children from Central America in the United States</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Media vs. migrant perspectives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Theresa Catalano Catalano, Theresa Theresa Catalano University of Arizona 2 A01 Jessica Mitchell-McCollough Mitchell-McCollough, Jessica Jessica Mitchell-McCollough University of Nebraska-Lincoln 20 Central America 20 media discourse 20 multimodal critical discourse analysis 20 Unaccompanied migrant children 01 This chapter examines the representation of unaccompanied minors fleeing Central America (namely Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) in U.S. online national news sources over a one-year period and compares this to the way these children talk about their own perceptions of migration and their motivation for moving. Data collection consisted of online news reports on unaccompanied minors from Central America in the United States as well as interviews with children collected from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations. Multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals a qualitative difference in discourse (e.g., use of metaphor, metonymy, deixis and visual elements) that varies depending on whether the sources are media reports or personal accounts from the children themselves. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.p4 Section header 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part&#160;IV. Online debates about migration</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Virtual crisis experience</Subtitle> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.12abe 265 290 26 Chapter 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;11. Displaced Ukrainians</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Russo-Ukrainian discussions of victims from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ludmilla A'Beckett A'Beckett, Ludmilla Ludmilla A'Beckett University of the Free State 20 catastrophe scenario 20 disparaging expressions 20 humanitarianism 20 negativisation 20 numerical elements 20 official media 20 Russia 20 scroungers 20 social media 20 stereotypes 20 Ukraine 01 This paper compares several discourse representations of migrants in the British media with the data on Ukrainian displaced people from the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine. The comparison shows that mainstream media in Russia and Ukraine attempt to depict displaced Ukrainians sympathetically, to win the hearts and minds of the people from the disputed conflict zone and to evoke approval from the international community. Participants in online debates in both countries actively use different techniques of negativisation of the images of migrants. They often either rely on a novel vocabulary for abuses or adapt old disparaging expressions activating cultural prejudices. The paper concludes that Russian and Ukrainian sets of abuse developed during the confrontation reinforce the specifics of the national vision of the conflict development. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.13boy 291 316 26 Chapter 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 12. Preaching from a distant pulpit</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The European migrant crisis seen through a <i>New York Times</i> editorial and reader comments</Subtitle> 1 A01 Michael S. Boyd Boyd, Michael S. Michael S. Boyd Università Roma Tre 20 2015 European migrant crisis 20 Corpus Linguistics 20 Critical Discourse Analysis 20 Editorials 20 New Media 20 Text World Theory 01 On 18 September 2015, in the midst of the greatest movement of refugees and migrants that Europe has seen since the Second World War, <i>The New York Times</i> published an editorial entitled &#8220;Europe should see refugees as a Boon, not as a Burden.&#8221; Not surprisingly, the article received well over 450 comments from readers reflecting the myriad of opinions about the complex issue of (European) migration and refugees. This paper is interested in the discourses about (European) migration that emerge from both the editorial and reader comments. Partially inspired by Text World Theory (Werth 1995), the study attempts to determine readers&#8217; varying opinions about the issue and how this reflects and/or diverges from the view(s) presented by the editorial. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.14ful 317 338 22 Chapter 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;13. Discourses of immigration and integration in German newspaper comments</TitleText> 1 A01 Janet M. Fuller Fuller, Janet M. Janet M. Fuller Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 20 Ethnonational ideologies 20 German identity 20 Immigration 20 Integration 01 This chapter employs a critical, constructivist theoretical perspective to address how online commenters on articles in the liberal newspaper <i>Die Zeit</i> characterize immigrants, integration, and German identity. While the formerly dominant ethnonational ideology about German identity is now in the minority, there is nonetheless a strong tendency to categorize and characterize immigrant background residents according to ethnonational and religious criteria. A hierarchy of immigrants has emerged, with a discourse that positions Muslims in general, and Turks in particular, as the unintegrated Other. Because Germanness is defined in opposition to Muslim practices, integration for such residents is impossible. However, the presence of competing discourses is significant; through voices that point out discrimination and view integration as a two-way process, social change may be enacted. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.15mus 339 354 16 Chapter 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;14. &#8220;They have lived in our street for six years now and still don&#8217;t speak a work [!] of English&#8221;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Scenarios of alleged linguistic underperformance as part of anti-immigrant discourses</Subtitle> 1 A01 Andreas Musolff Musolff, Andreas Andreas Musolff University of East Anglia 20 computer-mediated communication 20 culture mix 20 immigration 20 migration 20 multiculturalism 20 multilingualism 20 on-line forums 20 scenario 20 superdiversity 01 Whilst sociolinguistic superdiversity is often viewed as an almost irreversible global development, there may be a question mark over whether the &#8216;mix of cultures&#8217;, which mass migration allegedly fosters, does in fact lead to an acceptance of multilingualism and/or multiculturalism in the respective societies. On the basis of public discourse data from press media and Internet forums, this paper explores popular attitudes the effects of mass immigration, which appear to express an endorsement of monolingual/monocultural societies. Using methods of argumentation theory, pragmatics and discourse-historical triangulation, the article argues that findings of a global rise in superdiversity as regards usage data need to be complemented by studies of divergent perception patterns at local/national levels. 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.bio1 355 358 4 Miscellaneous 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Notes on contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code dapsac.81.ind1 359 1 Miscellaneous 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20190307 2019 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 790 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 45 18 01 02 JB 1 00 105.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 111.30 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 18 02 02 JB 1 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 18 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 158.00 USD