Changing frames in native speaker and learner talk
Moving toward a shared dialogue
This study examines how Spanish native speakers (NSs) and second language (L2) learners deal with changing frames in talk. Goffman’s (1974) ideas of frames and ‘keys’ are extended to NS-learner informal interviews to characterize the pragmatic resources that NS and learners use to change frames. The data indicate that the participants signal changes using various pragmatic resources, such as questions implying a new frame, personal comments, and emotional reactions such as laughter or sympathy. Frame changes can also be rejected. The study illustrates the role of pragmatics in pointing to changes in the discourse, showing that L2 communication difficulties can stem from such changes. These pragmatic resources should be part of the description of ‘shared repertoires’ that facilitate dialogue in NS-learner communities.
References
Arundale, Robert, and David Good
Atkinson, John, and John Heritage
1984 Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baddeley, Alan
1990 Human Memory. Theory and Practice. Hovel/London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen, and Beverley Hartford
(eds) 2005 Interlanguage Pragmatics: Exploring Institutional Talk. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bateson, Gregory
1972 Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballentine.
Bednarek, Monika
2005 “
Frames Revisited: The Coherence-inducing Function of Frames.”
Journal of Pragmatics 37: 685–705.
Blackwell, Sarah
2001 “
Spanish Scripts, Frames, and Schemata: Linguistic Evidence of Structures of Expectations and Cultural Rules of Speaking.”
Pragmatics and Language Learning 10: 222–250.
Bobrow, Daniel, and Donald Norman
1975 “
Some Principles of Memory Schemata. Representation and Understanding.” In
Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, ed. by
Daniel G. Bobrow, and
Allan M. Collins, 131–149. New York: Academic Press.
Chafe, Wallace
1980 The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Clark, Herbert
1996 Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Coupland, Nikolas
2007 Style: Language Variation and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, Jonathan
2010 “
Historical Sociopragmatics.” In
Historical Pragmatics, ed. by
Andreas Jucker, and
Irma Taavitsainen, 69–96. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.
Dings, Abigail
2004 Developing Interactional Competence in a Second Language: A Case Study of a Spanish Language Learner. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
Drew, Paul, and John Heritage
(eds) 1992 Talk at Work: Interaction in Institutional Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ensink, Titus, and Christoph Sauer
Frake, Charles
1977 “
Plying Frames can be Dangerous: Some Reflections on Methodology in Cognitive Anthropology.”
The Quarterly Newsletter for the Institute for Comparative Human Cognition 1: 1–7.
Goffman, Erving
1974 Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York: Harper and Row.
Goffman, Erving
1981 Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Grice, H. Paul
1975 “
Logic and Conversation.” In
Syntax and Semantic Vol 3: Speech Acts, ed. by
Peter Cole, and
Jerry L. Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.
Gumperz, John
1982 Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haakana, Markku
2001 “
Laughter as a Patient’s Resource: Dealing with Delicate Aspects of Medical Interaction.”
Text 21(1/2): 187–219.
Hanks, William F
1993 “
Metalanguage and Pragmatics of Deixis.” In
Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics, ed. by
John A. Lucy, 127–157. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hymes, Dell
1974 “
Ways of Speaking.” In
Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. by
Robert Bauman, and
Joel Sherzer, 433–451. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jefferson, Gail
1984 “
On the Organization of Laughter in Talk about Troubles.” In
Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. by
J. Max Atkinson, and
John Heritage, 349–369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kuipers, Benjamin J
1975 “
A Frame for Frames: Representing Knowledge for Recognition.” In
Representation and Understanding. Studies in Cognitive Science, ed. by
Daniel G. Bobrow, and
Allan Collins, 151–184. New York: Academic Press.
Levinson, Stephen
1992 [1979] “
Activity Types and Language.” In
Talk at Work, ed. by
Paul Drew, and
John Heritage, 66–100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Liddicoat, Anthony, and Angela Scarino
2013 Intercultural Language Teaching and Learning. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Minsky, Marvin
1980 “
A Framework for Representing Knowledge.” In
Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding, ed. by
Dieter Metzing, 1–25. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Prego-Vásquez, Gabriela
2006 “
The Recycling of Local Discourses in the Institutional Talk: Naturalization Strategies, Interactional Control, and Public Local Identities.”
Estudios de sociolingüística 7(1): 55–82.
Reyes, Graciela
2002 Metapragmática: lenguaje sobre lenguaje, ficciones, figuras. Valladolid, Spain: Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial, Universidad de Valladolid.
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson
1974 “
A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-taking in Conversation.”
Language 50: 696–735.
Schank, Roger, and Robert Abelson
1977 Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Swain, Merrill, and Sharon Lapkin
1998 “
Interaction and Second Language Learning: Two Adolescent French Immersion students Working Together.”
Modern Language Journal 82(3): 320–337.
Tannen, Deborah
1980 “
A Comparative Analysis of Oral Narrative Strategies: Athenian Greek and American English.” In
The Pear Stories, ed. by
Wallace Chafe, 51–87. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Tannen, Deborah
1993 [1979] “
What’s in a Frame? Surface Evidence for Underlying Expectations.” In
Framing in Discourse, ed. by
Deborah Tannen, 14–56. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tannen, Deborah, and Cynthia Wallat
1993 “
Interactive Frames and Knowledge Schemas in Interaction: Examples from a Medical Examination Interview.” In
Framing in Discourse, ed. by
Deborah Tannen, 57–113. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wenger, Etienne
1998 Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Young, Richard
2009 Discursive Practice in Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cited by
Cited by 3 other publications
Koike, Dale & Carl S. Blyth
Koike, Dale A., Víctor Garre León & Gloria Pérez Cejudo
2022.
Twitter and the Real Academia Española: perspectives on impoliteness.
Journal of Politeness Research 18:1
► pp. 173 ff.
Showstack, Rachel E.
2016.
La pragmática transcultural de los hablantes de herencia de español: análisis e implicaciones pedagógicas.
Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 3:2
► pp. 143 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.