Index

• abduction 61–62 , 68–69

• abstractions19, 74, 77, 187, 216, 300–302 ; see also concepts, abstractmetaphor, abstract

• accuracy, scientific21, 63, 98, 288, 290, 310, 314

• activation17, 26, 203, 250

• adaptive dynamical systems theory240, 245see also dynamical systems

• Alberts, B.45, 66, 67, 69

• aligning source and target features10, 15, 19, 23, 308–310

• alignment of qualitative and quantitative reasoning 90–91 , 93, 100

• allegory 120–121 , 128–130 , 311

• ambiguity129, 145–146 , 163, 246–247

• Ameisen, J. C. 144–146 , 156–157 , 163, 169

• Amin, T.29, 73–74 , 79–80 , 85, 87, 88, 91, 94, 96, 99, 102, 104–110 , 299, 302–303 , 315

• amusing30, 190–191 ; , 195, 203–204 ; see also entertainment

• analogies8, 11–12 , 14, 21, 23, 25, 28, 33, 36, 74, 103–105 , 107–110 , 135, 263, 266–267 , 269–271 , 280, 282–284 , 287, 291–293 , 298, 312

• analogy source domains12, 14, 20, 105, 284, 290–291 , 302

• analogy, instructional21, 103–105 , 107, 167, 266, 272, 279–292

• analysis, comparative84, 89, 93–94 , 101, 107, 114, 122, 142, 167–168 , 266, 268

• analytical tools76, 106, 228

• animal behaviour 187–188 ; , 190–191 ; , 193–194 ; , 199, 203, 309see also zoosemiotics

• animal cognition 191–192 , 203

• anthropomorphism146, 316

• apoptosis.see also cell death
  • metaphorical expressions for142, 151–152
  • process of141, 143, 148–149 , 153–158 , 165–166 , 168

• aptness289, 308, 313

• argument, academic194, 199, 264, 267, 271, 278, 280, 283–285 , 291, 299, 311–313

• argument, propaganda11, 43, 244,251, 256, 276, 280–282 , 284, 310, 312–314 , 316

• Aristotle14, 46

• arithmetic operations220, 222

• articles
  • popularised67, 148–149 , 151, 155–156
  • scientific10, 116, 141, 168, 183, 263–264 , 285

• artificial intelligence 263–265 , 271, 276, 291, 293

• artistic domains15, 18

• assets, field theory 234–235

• astronomy240, 252, 255

• atoms12, 49, 75, 79, 83, 213, 251, 301–302 , 304

• attack151, 152, 157, 163–164 ; , 190, 199see also metaphor, war

• attention7, 21–22 , 24–27 , 66–67 , 83, 144, 154–156 , 192–193 , 198–199 , 234, 245–246 , 251–252 , 268–269 , 290, 298–299

• audience misunderstandings19, 315–316 ; see also epistemological confusion

• audience, non-specialist 10–11 , 20, 26, 30–31 , 177, 191, 194, 201, 203, 305

• auditory metaphor28, 30, 175, 196–197 , 199–202 , 204, 309–310 , 315

• autoinducer55, 60, 63see also signalling

• autophagy 159–160 , 163, 165–167

• background knowledge 15–17 , 18, 24, 66, 222, 235, 299, 306, 308, 311–312
  • source domain14, 17, 19, 24, 196, 277, 308

• background metaphor20, 116, 118, 121–122 , 215, 307

• backgrounding253see also foregrounding

• Bacon, Francis46, 113, 127–130 , 133–134 , 311

• Baconian journey allegory127, 129

• bacterial
  • cells53, 55, 58–59
  • colonies51, 58–59 , 61
  • luminescence 54–56 , 63

• bacteriology 54–55 , 58–59 , 65

• balance19, 142–143 , 161, 211, 168, 211, 214, 244, 257, 301

• ball rolling 247–250 , 256

• Bassler, B. L.53, 56, 60, 69

• Beger, A. 1–2 , 4, 6–8 , 10, 12, 14, 16, 20–22 , 24–28 , 30–32 , 263–264 , 268–270 , 292–294 , 297–298 , 312–314

• bilingual 141–142 , 149

• billiard balls214, 301, 303see also mechanics, forcemotion, mechanical

• biological
  • explanation17, 45–46 , 50, 158, 181, 186, 203, 306
  • processes15, 17, 28, 30, 45, 142, 153, 175–176 , 185, 194, 199
  • systems28, 41, 44–45 , 47, 49, 51–52 , 55–56 , 58–60 , 68, 75

• biologists 49–50 , 66, 178, 187–188 , 190, 192–193 , 196, 201, 203, 306

• biology
  • cellular10, 41, 49, 52–53 , 57, 68, 128, 185, 195, 252
  • discourse191, 193, 195, 199, 201–203

• biosciences12, 15, 28–29 , 41, 44, 47–51 , 60–61 , 111, 117–118 , 120, 175–178 , 180–181 , 189–190 , 194, 305–308

• black people221, 225–226 , 230–231 , 304

• blending6, 29, 73, 76, 78–79 ; , 83, 94, 99–100 ; , 106, 308see also conceptual integration

• blending theory29, 78, 83

• blends16, 20, 23, 78, 83, 286, 300, 309–310 , 313
  • ontological60, 83, 100, 106

• Blumenberg, H.31, 115–117 , 130, 134, 136–137 , 140, 257

• Bock von Wülfingen, B.29, 118, 310, 315

• body, human16, 54, 58, 103, 178, 184, 187–188 , 202

• bond, physical, chemical, atomic75, 83

• boundaries42, 44, 52, 236

• Bowdle, B. & Gentner, D.6, 212

• Boyd, R.147, 169, 176, 204, 214, 258, 264, 293

• brain processes147, 264, 278, 284, 287, 291

• brain structures191, 203see also metaphor, processing

• brain’s mind 271–272 , 275–278 , 280, 283–284 , 286–287 , 290–292 , 312–313

• branches 178–179 , 181–182 , 187, 192

• Brandt, C.122, 130, 134

• Brookes, D. T.84, 98–99 , 102, 108

• Brown, T. L.176, 213, 301, 305–307

• Burdett, A. N.50, 69

• calculations222, 224–225 , 230

• Cameron, L.3, 4, 13, 19, 26, 32–33 , 114–116 , 134, 136, 158, 169, 176, 205, 218, 258, 306, 317

• camouflage58, 189, 193

• cancer30, 36, 58, 141, 142, 149, 165–166 , 308

• cancer cells143, 147, 150–151 , 153–159 , 161–164

• capacities, human17, 42, 54, 57–58 , 61, 75, 145, 157, 180

• Career of Metaphor6, 9–10 , 16, 23, 25, 65, 71, 260, 264, 266, 268

• catachresis65, 144

• categorization6, 13, 23

• causation46, 48–51 , 157–159 , 161, 168, 224, 227, 233–234 , 237, 239, 245, 297–298 , 300–301 , 305, 307
  • downward 48–49 , 245, 248

• cell death, metaphorical expressions 141–148 , 150–154 , 156–158 , 160–164 , 166–170 , 307, 309

• cell division143, 160, 305

• cell environment52, 163, 166, 305

• cells
  • body’s50, 52, 54, 141–143 , 146, 148, 151, 153–159 , 161, 163–164 , 166, 168, 171, 289
  • tumorous59, 157, 159, 161–162 , 164, 166, 309

• cellular biology45, 47, 52–53 , 59, 143, 166

• ceteris paribus 227

• chains20, 100, 154, 166, 299, 301, 303, 305

• change processes62, 76, 224, 253, 302

• chaos76, 242, 244, 256

• chaperon protein.See proteins

• Charteris-Black, J.20, 26–27 , 32, 130, 135, 218, 258

• cheating 56–57 , 59, 68

• chemical reactions52, 59, 75, 151, 163, 199, 271

• chemistry12, 41, 44, 47–48 , 50–51 , 62, 85, 88, 176, 305–306

• children96, 99, 122, 125, 131

• Chinese Room Thought Experiment265, 271, 273–277 , 280–282 , 291

• choice 23–24 , 31, 66–67 , 104–105 , 125, 141, 197, 253, 257–258 , 285, 293
  • human168, 245, 306, 311
  • rational231, 246

• citizens132, 221, 231

• cladogram182

• Class-Inclusion Theory6

• clock145, 163

• cloning29, 113, 118, 123, 125, 130

• closure 246–247 , 255–256

• clusters of metaphors.See metaphor, combinations

• CMT (Conceptual Metaphor Theory)1, 4–8 , 12, 22–25 , 28, 41–43 , 47–48 , 50, 61, 64, 68, 70, 77–78 , 268
  • central tenets of 4–5 , 7–8 , 19, 43, 57–58 , 64–65
  • and Blending Theory29

• codes17, 121–122 ; , 191, 204, 222–223 ; , 225, 237, 282, 304see also metaphor, genetic codemetaphor in genetics, text

• cognition6, 8, 12, 69, 115, 190–192 , 265, 271–272 , 276–278

• cognitive inference process 10–11 , 14, 18, 21, 44, 48, 101, 147, 215, 223

• cognitive linguistics literature4, 76, 96, 119, 175, 185, 190–192

• cognitive psychology14, 28, 55–56 , 63, 88–89 , 95, 102, 188, 191–192 , 194, 203

• colonies58, 116, 123, 127, 306

• colours178, 184–185 , 187, 192, 201

• communication
  • biological45, 53, 59, 61, 68, 126
  • dimension of9, 22–23 , 157, 267–268
  • expert3, 42, 116, 176, 187, 201
  • metaphoric22, 25–28
  • non-expert26, 113, 118, 187–188 , 201, 204, 212, 216, 218, 229, 303

• communicative situations22, 114, 177, 187, 204

• communicators297, 309, 315–316

• community9, 13, 27, 60, 302

• comparison, analogical11, 14, 94, 212, 256, 268, 271, 282, 315see also cross-domain comparison

• complex chains85, 88, 92, 101, 155, 167, 273

• complexity41, 43, 45, 48, 50–51 , 246–247 , 250, 252, 282, 288, 292

• complexity theory41, 48, 50–51

• composite source domains 91–93 ; see also complex metaphoric framesmetaphor, combinations

• comprehension15, 20, 27, 158, 219, 252, 254

• computationalism222, 251, 286, 289, 304

• computer program13, 265, 271–272 , 274–278 , 280, 283–287 , 290–292 , 312–313

• computer simulations 250–251 , 256, 272, 302

• conceptions49, 96–99 , 106, 120, 123, 125, 128, 191, 215, 223, 305
  • alternative93, 96–97 , 100, 107

• concepts, abstract30, 74, 77, 81, 178, 180–181 , 185, 187, 189, 195

• conceptual
  • blending analysis6, 83, 99–100
  • domains4, 41, 43, 57, 60–61 , 64–66 , 77–78 , 83, 222, 228, 246
  • integration78, 308–309 ; see also blending
  • mappings5, 12, 64, 85, 93, 101, 103, 106, 187see also mappings, target-sourcemetaphoric mappings
  • processes 12–13 , 15–16 , 21, 23, 30, 61, 63, 65, 67, 302, 310
  • structure5, 7–8 , 10, 12, 15–16 , 21, 24, 52, 65, 226, 298

• Conceptual Metaphor Theory.See CMT

• conceptualizations8, 12, 74, 81, 83–85 , 89, 95–96 , 99–100 , 102–104 , 106, 216, 292–293 , 302–303

• concordances13

• conflation/co-occurrence13, 179, 184, 188, 195, 198

• conflict, social 218–219 , 231, 234, 237, 249, 251, 256, 309

• connotations120, 143–144 , 159, 168

• consciousness24, 50, 127

• consistency 65–66 , 105, 130, 144

• construals 79–80 , 82–87 , 89–90 , 93, 96–102 , 105, 107, 175, 218, 228

• constructions16, 73, 78, 99, 202

• contexts 17–19 , 22, 65, 74, 83–85 , 87–89 , 93–94 , 98–102 , 113–114 , 116, 118–121 , 149–150 , 155–157 , 269, 308–311

• context, source domain15, 17–18

• context specific analysis 21–22 , 24–25 , 93–94 , 96, 98, 103, 130, 132, 149, 199, 201–202 , 204, 270, 311, 313

• conventionality, degrees of6, 8–9 ; , 11, 13, 16, 21, 23, 181, 221see also metaphor, conventional

• cooperation 56–57 , 59, 68, 124, 139, 244, 306

• corpora30, 211, 218–219 , 308

• corpus analysis8, 29–30 , 118–121 , 124–125 , 141–142 , 149, 167, 175–177 , 218–219 , 228–229 , 242–243 , 267–269 , 298

• correspondences2, 4–5 , 12, 14, 19, 23, 78, 82–83 , 96–97 , 276, 280–281 , 304, 309

• cost vs. benefit59, 230, 253

• crab species 192–193

• creative examples73, 162, 164, 193, 212, 303, 316

• creatures51, 54, 162, 309

• criminology28, 219, 221, 236, 238–239 , 252

• cross-domain comparison6, 8–13 , 15–16 , 18–19 , 25, 79, 81, 104–107 , 189–190 , 192, 220, 276, 278, 280, 300–301

• cross domain mapping6, 11, 27, 65–66 , 114, 182, 194, 198, 268

• CTM (computational theory of mind)263

• cueing, simultaneous198

• cultural experience49, 117, 156, 234–235 , 298, 311, 315

• culture17, 45, 50, 55, 114, 130, 156, 232, 311

• Darwin, C.3, 32, 46–47 , 50, 69, 205

• data, quantitative42, 150, 152, 221–222 , 225–227 , 229

• dataset analysis62, 219–220 , 222, 224, 229, 250, 253–255 , 257, 304

• death125, 142–148 , 150–152 , 154–156 , 159, 161–163 , 166–168 , 221, 300, 308–310

• defenses58, 64, 151–154 , 163–164 , 189, 199

• Deignan, A.7, 13, 32, 36, 270, 282, 293, 294

• deliberate metaphors 24–26 ; , 31, 67, 119, 125, 263, 266–269 ; , 270, 283–285 ; , 287, 290, 291, 293, 312see also metaphor, deliberate

• deliberation, speaker’s 24–26

• Dennett, D. C.50, 263, 265–270 ; , 280–285 ; , 288–289 ; , 291–292 ; , 294–295 ; see also Hofstadter, D. R. & Dennett, D. C.

• dictionaries56, 116, 118, 149, 215, 229

• directionality 15–16 , 43, 50, 104, 185, 191, 234–236 , 239, 243, 249, 251, 254–255

• discourse
  • actual7, 24, 42, 64, 267
  • general 26–27 , 42, 106, 118, 132, 266, 268, 270, 302, 315
  • pedagogical76, 85, 88, 93, 268
  • specialist 2–3 , 13, 31, 116, 121, 268–270 , 298

• discourse analysis8, 23, 116, 119, 194, 266, 269–270

• discourse contexts21, 267, 269–270

• discourse events 7–8 , 26, 266–270 , 284–285 , 313

• discovery, scientific9, 53, 123, 127–128 , 155, 165, 193, 308, 311

• diseases27, 54, 59, 124–125 , 131, 143, 156

• disorder 86–87 , 104–105 , 232

• DNA121, 130, 160, 163, 165–166 , 183, 310–311

• documentaries30, 176, 192–193 , 195–197 , 199–202 , 204

• domains
  • concrete source16, 20, 94, 100, 211, 252, 255, 301–302 , 304, 310, 312
  • conventional source 4–5 ; , 10, 12, 16–17 ; , 21, 24–25 ; , 102, 105, 114, 305–306 ; , 308–309 ; see also metaphor, conventional
  • scientific74, 85, 244, 312
  • socio-cultural 15–17 , 41, 55, 68, 310
  • source and target13, 79, 81, 104–107 , 198

• Dreyfus, B. W.83, 108

• dynamical systems26, 211, 219, 239–246 , 249–252 , 255–256

• dynamic image178, 187, 193–194

• ecological fallacy 225–226

• ecology27, 190, 204, 244

• economics16, 48, 62, 230, 234–235 , 242

• education3, 18, 31, 63, 66, 93, 113–114 , 235, 288, 293

• efficacy, communicative22, 24, 195, 204, 269

• elaborations52, 80, 85–86 , 168, 281, 292

• electricity metaphorically understood as a fluid 4–6 , 233

• electrons67, 76, 81, 184, 213–218 , 251, 301

• elements, aligning source domain15, 203, 240, 307see also aligning source and target features

• El Mundo141, 149, 152–153 , 158, 161, 167, 172

• El País149, 152–153 , 159–160 , 164–166 , 171

• elucidate13, 16, 26, 148, 153, 155, 158, 167–168 , 218

• embodied simulation17, 20, 256

• embodiment 15–16 ; , 41, 67, 74, 184, 188, 190, 215, 301–302 ; , 304–305 ; , 312, 315–316 ; see also experience, bodily

• embryo, selected121, 125, 310

• emergence7, 41, 45, 47–48 , 60–61 , 68, 83, 241, 245, 247, 255
  • supervenience41, 61
  • theory 47–48

• emotions22, 42–43 , 198, 202, 243–246 , 308, 313

• empirical results26, 88, 167, 175, 183, 186

• encounters, conflictual201, 219–220 , 225, 230, 234

• enemies58, 189–190

• energetic state 80–81 , 86, 90, 97, 105, 303

• energy (forms of) as containers.See metaphor, container

• energy
  • amount of82
  • conservation of75, 81–82 , 84, 86, 93, 103
  • construals of29, 74, 76, 79–80 , 83, 93, 96–97 , 100–101 , 103, 114
  • nature of51, 56, 79–81 , 83–84 , 87, 97, 215–216 , 299, 305
  • as location 75–76 , 79, 81–84 , 86, 90, 98, 102–103 , 303
  • states 75–76 , 80–83 , 87, 90, 95, 103–104 , 303

• English subcorpus 149–153 , 155, 161, 167–168 , 170

• entertainment30, 191, 195, 197, 203–204 , 314

• entrenchment, degree of27, 177, 181, 201, 242

• entropy change87, 89–90 , 92, 95–96 , 104

• environments 52–55 , 59–60 , 96, 102–103 , 167, 187, 198, 234, 269, 301

• enzymes146, 153–154 , 160, 166

• epistemological confusion19, 21, 106–107 , 116–117 , 132, 146, 250, 263, 286–288 , 292, 299, 302–303 , 306–310 , 312–313 , 315–316

• equations19, 79, 215, 250, 277, 304

• equilibrium85, 91, 240, 244–249 , 255–256

• errors98, 100, 106, 165, 250see also epistemological confusion

• Etkina, E. 98–99 , 108

• eugenics conceptualization 178–181 , 203

• evaluations29, 124, 224, 315

• Evans, V.101, 108, 185, 205

• everyday language42, 44, 65, 77, 80, 96–97 , 99–100 , 107, 114, 116–118 , 228, 232, 238

• evidence of metaphor5, 7, 11–14 , 63, 93–96 , 98, 163–164 , 178, 187–188 , 194–195 , 199, 203–204 , 229–231 , 237, 271–272

• evolution3, 15, 33, 46–47 , 49–50 , 53, 68–70 , 123–124 , 128–130 , 180–181

• experience
  • bodily 15–16 , 19, 184, 187, 214, 222, 256, 300, 305, 311–312
  • sensorimotor 16–17 , 42–43 , 176, 178–181 , 184, 187, 194, 198, 220, 223, 225, 310, 312

• experiential gestalts 15–16 , 19, 42–45 , 51, 60–61 , 63, 65, 68, 305–306 , 312, 315

• experimental studies 5–7 , 14, 52, 57, 122, 130, 251, 256, 293, 302, 307

• experimentation10, 42, 46, 53, 191, 204, 216, 246

• experiments 5–6 , 29, 62, 65, 68, 86, 246, 250, 256, 293, 301–302

• expert authors101, 113–114 , 118, 188

• expertise, acquisition of74, 88, 93–95 , 100–101

• experts113, 116–119 , 142, 144–145 , 147, 165, 167, 191, 193, 196–197 , 291, 293, 297

• explanations, scientific23, 41–42 , 61–64 , 69, 257, 289, 297, 299, 312–313

• explanatory models and metaphors29, 53, 56, 66–68 , 99, 193, 217, 300–301

• exposure to metaphoric discourse27, 98–99 , 101, 106–107 , 141

• Fauconnier & Turner6, 20, 29, 33, 37, 78, 83, 108, 110, 308, 317–318

• feedback loops246, 250–251 , 256

• Feynman’s metaphorical construal of energy 79–80 , 108

• fiction117, 119, 129, 132see also epistemological confusion

• field theory219, 232–233 , 235–240 , 244, 250, 254–256 , 301

• figurative
  • description21, 183, 193, 201, 212
  • thought 175–176

• films198, 201see also video clips

• fitness landscape50, 67

• forces125, 161, 164, 220–221 ; , 224–225 ; , 227–228 ; , 230–237 ; , 240, 242, 244–245 ; , 249–250 ; , 254–255 ; , 301–302 ; see also mechanics, forcemotion, mechanical

• Forceville, C.20, 37, 175, 177, 195, 198–199 , 204–205 , 207, 309, 317

• foregrounding23, 181, 253

• frames, metaphoric16, 27, 147, 223, 225, 306, 310–312

• Fryer, R. G. 227–229 , 231, 258, 261

• function
  • cognitive12, 101, 192, 206, 254, 272, 275
  • communications1, 23–25 , 41, 64, 81, 312, 315–316
  • discourse 7–8 , 21–22 , 28, 30
  • language8, 23
  • pedagogical117, 121, 303
  • perspective-changing24, 115, 119, 154, 168, 282, 284–285 , 292
  • textual115, 129

• generative qualities27, 256, 305, 308, 316see also hypotheses, generating

• genetic
  • code metaphor.See metaphor, genetic code
  • technologies29, 48, 117–118 , 123–127
    • reproductive29, 113–114 , 118–121 , 123–125 , 129, 131–132 , 139, 310–311

• genres13, 24, 29–30 , 145, 150, 156, 161, 164, 167, 266, 269–270

• Gentner, D.6, 9, 13–15 , 19, 32–33 , 73, 108–109 , 116, 135, 258, 261, 315, 317

• gestalts 15–16 ; , 181, 305, 312, 315see also experiential gestalts

• gestures19, 79, 83, 175–176

• Gibbs, R. W. 4–5 , 14, 21–22 , 26, 32–34 , 36–37 , 64, 67, 70, 74, 136, 205–206 , 294–295

• Gibbs, R. W. & Colston, H. L.11, 14, 176

• Giles, T. D.3, 10, 33, 116, 135, 213, 217, 259

• Giora, R.13, 15, 18, 33

• Goatly, A.115, 117, 119, 132, 135, 213, 259

• Grady, J. E.20, 34, 37, 178–180 , 184, 189, 199, 205, 215, 259

• grammar98, 122, 138see also metaphor, genetic codemetaphor in genetics, text

• gravity233, 248, 249, 250, 302see also metaphor, force

• grounded metaphor.See metaphor, grounded

• group averages225, 237, 306

• groupings of metaphors307see also metaphor, combinations

• groups, human social 225–227 , 229, 246, 252, 306

• guide scientific exploration10, 13, 102, 105–106 ; , 211–212 ; , 214, 218–219 ; , 222, 224, 251, 254–255 ; , 257, 305, 307see also hypotheses, generating

• Haglund, J.74, 85, 94, 99, 107–109

• Halliday, M. A. K.115, 132, 135

• Hallyn, F.2, 34–35 , 74, 109, 214, 259

• Hamer, D. 125–126 , 133, 138–139

• harvestman197, 199–202

• Hastings, J. W. 54–55 , 71

• heat and entropy74, 76, 79, 83, 93, 100–102 , 106–107

• hedges21, 158, 192, 228

• helper metaphors216, 228, 238, 243, 247–248 , 250–251 , 253, 256–257

• Herrmann, B. J.32, 34, 36–37 , 114–115 , 117, 135, 260, 267, 295, 318

• high-low metaphors242see also scale, verticle

• high-pitched sound 197–199

• high quality newspaper 29–30

• Hofstadter, D. R. & Dennett, D. C.263, 265–270 , 280–285 , 288–289 , 291–292 , 294–295

• Holyoak, K. J. & Stamenković, D.4, 14, 18

• human biotechnology54, 58, 113, 120, 131–132

• hypotheses 63–64 , 67–68 , 176–177 , 190–192 , 194, 211, 214, 216, 218, 237, 239, 301, 306
  • generating9, 11, 23, 28–30 , 42, 60–61 , 63, 65, 68, 306, 316

• hypothesis formation42, 253, 301

• ideational115, 119, 214, 311see also cognition

• idiosyncratic177, 193, 199, 201, 204, 231, 313see also metaphor, novel

• imagery 122–123 , 193, 203–204

• images, useful103, 105, 141, 144, 147, 150–152 , 154, 161–162 , 164, 166–168 , 178, 187, 192–198 , 202, 204–205

• image schema16, 44, 77, 81–82 , 89, 94, 100, 102–103 , 176, 191, 234

• implicit metaphors74, 99see also metaphor, conventional

• indirect metaphors21, 25, 27

• inference structure20, 23, 73–74 , 77, 80, 177, 181, 189–190 , 203, 214, 303, 306

• inference to the best explanation41, 63

• inferences5, 23, 56, 62–63 , 82, 105, 211, 220, 306, 315–316
  • abductive41, 61–63 , 68–69
  • inductive 62–63 , 165

• inhibitory control14see also metaphor, processing

• input output83, 90, 272, 277–279 ; , 289, 313see also conceptions, mechanicalmotion, mechanicalmechanics, force

• instantiations43, 67, 278–279 , 286

• instruction 73–74 , 76, 100, 102–103 , 105, 107, 128

• instructional materials23, 100–103 , 106, 158, 197, 201, 257, 303, 315

• integration247, 308, 310see also blending, conceptual integration

• intentions120, 244, 313see also metaphor, deliberate

• interestSee target domain elements

• interpretations, alternative metaphoric61, 78–79 , 99, 105–107 , 129, 131, 201–202 , 223–224 , 228, 231, 310, 312, 314

• Jäkel, O.7, 31, 34, 115, 129–130 , 136

• jellyfish9, 54

• Jeppsson, F.74, 85, 88, 91–92 , 94–95 , 99, 102, 107–109

• Johnson, M. 3–5 , 7, 9, 34–35 , 42–44 , 64, 70, 77, 109, 114–115 , 136, 180, 205, 258–259 , 264

• journalists2, 28, 117, 119, 154–155 , 165, 167–168 , 217, 221, 231, 257

• journeySee metaphor, journey

• Katzorke, T.125, 133, 137, 139

• Kerr, J. F. R.143, 169

• kinaesthetics188

• knowledge, scientific28, 177, 183, 202, 298, 314–315

• knowledge communication264, 267

• knowledge domains3, 18, 21, 23, 29, 61, 63, 185, 191, 194, 226

• Knudsen, S. 9–10 , 15, 34, 199, 212, 214–215 , 217, 259, 264, 294, 298, 307, 316–317

• Koller, V.20, 34, 36, 115, 120, 136, 140, 189, 205

• Köveces, Z.16, 18–19 , 34, 41–42 , 71, 77, 220, 223, 259, 305–306 , 308, 313, 317

• Kroemer, G.144, 148, 151, 169

• Lakoff, G. 4–5 , 35, 42–44 , 70, 77, 109, 115, 136, 178, 180, 205, 259–260 , 264, 300–301 , 317

• Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M.4, 12, 16, 20, 41–42 , 46, 50, 115, 179, 181, 185, 188–189 , 224

• Lakoff, G. & Turner, M.15, 20, 214

• language
  • literal 21–22 ; , 166, 215, 302see also literal meaning, literal truth
  • metaphorical 8–10 , 18, 22, 32–33 , 51–52 , 77, 92, 97, 124, 144, 153
  • ordinary5, 7–8 , 12, 23, 96, 107, 116
  • science42, 59, 61, 68, 74, 76, 98, 104, 107, 177see also scientific discourse

• layers14, 30, 59, 88, 236, 240, 254

• laypeople113, 175, 178, 191, 195, 200–201 , 203–204 , 213, 232

• learning and instruction 73–77 , 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97–101 , 103, 105–107

• lecture, academic83, 263–267 , 269–271 , 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287–293 , 298

• letters121, 128, 131, 138, 183see also metaphor, genetic codemetaphor in genetics, text

• levels
  • macroscopic16, 85, 95, 240, 301, 306
  • microscopic48, 68, 85, 87, 95–96 , 214, 252

• life cycles47, 123, 138, 155, 185–186 , 263

• light52, 54, 63, 67, 157, 162, 168, 197, 200–202 , 215, 221

• light music197, 201
  • pace197, 199, 201

• Linell, P.266, 268–270 , 294

• lines/arrows184, 300

• linguistic
  • evidence 6–7 , 29, 44, 64, 78, 83, 190, 263, 267–268 , 293, 307
  • form7, 10–13 , 76–77 , 87, 89, 92, 116–117 , 144–148 , 150–151 , 153–155 , 158, 162–165 , 196, 199
  • metaphors 6–7 , 151–152 , 155, 197–199 , 201, 267, 269–270 , 298, 310

• links76, 93, 119, 122, 145, 199, 227

• listener 66–67 , 78, 115, 132

• literal
  • meaning6, 9–10 , 20, 23, 96–97 , 115, 212–213 , 215, 218, 316
  • truth263, 265, 276, 280, 284–285 , 290–291 , 313

• literary theme126, 130

• Littlemore, J. & Semino, E.7, 13

• living organisms44, 46–47 , 52, 142, 150, 182, 193

• Lockshin, R. A., & Zakeri, Z. 143–145

• logic16, 22, 49, 62, 129, 220, 233, 283

• loop63, 250see also feedback loops

• loss of substance76, 86–87 , 89, 143, 244

• love12, 19, 43–44 ; , 51, 77, 122, 180see also journey metaphor

• lysosomes146, 166

• machines16, 66–67 ; , 87, 90–92 ; , 124, 154, 280, 288, 312–313 ; see also conceptions, mechanicalmotion, mechanicalmechanics, force

• macro level17, 43, 48, 223, 240–243 , 245, 248, 255–257 , 302, 305–306 , 311–312
  • explanations85, 236, 239, 242, 245–246 , 312
  • outcomes45, 239, 241, 252, 255, 257

• Majno, G. & Joris, I. 145–146 , 157

• manipulation119, 125–126 , 193, 222, 224, 228, 253
  • educative125, 129, 276
  • physical 90–92 , 125–126 , 229
  • statistical227, 230

• mappings, target-source3, 5–6 , 12–13 , 15, 78, 80–81 , 100, 104–107 , 194, 197, 201–202 , 216, 274, 288–289 , 292–293

• Maran, T.191, 204, 206

• Martin, J. L.206, 224, 233–235 , 260–261

• mass66, 74, 82, 218, 233

• mathematics 75–76 , 88–89 , 130, 176, 184, 215, 223, 301, 304–305

• matrix59, 233, 240, 254, 269

• mechanics, force77, 81, 86, 184–185 , 232–233 , 235, 245, 249, 253, 300–301 , 303

• mechanism50, 55, 58, 73, 143, 147, 153–155 , 160–161 , 163, 196, 233
  • cognitive6, 23, 73, 191

• media 29–30 , 113–114 , 117–119 , 132, 221, 226

• Melino, G.144, 146, 148, 151, 156, 170

• memory14, 20, 63, 115, 147, 190–191 , 264

• mental spaces65, 78, 308

• messenger53, 55

• meta-metaphors61see also metaphor, overarching

• Metaphor Identification ProcedureSee MIP

• metaphor in genetics, text116, 129, 131see also metaphor, genetic code

• metaphor métier, scientific 212–215 , 218–219 , 227, 232, 250

• metaphor-savvy310, 315

• metaphor
  • abstract 19–20 , 50, 94, 105, 167, 178, 181, 189, 240, 297, 304
  • across genres142, 144, 146, 148, 167, 215, 228
  • activation26see also metaphor, deliberate
  • algae185, 190, 192–195
  • analysis3, 30–31 , 96–97 , 100, 102–103 , 113, 115, 119, 267, 270
  • archerfish 195–197 , 199, 201, 204
  • arrows 184–187 , 196, 200
  • assigning numbers221, 223–224 , 253
  • attractor 247–251 , 256
  • basin 248–249
  • biology51, 175–177 , 307, 310
  • Book of Nature121, 130
  • botany119, 121
  • central212, 215, 217, 219, 251–252 , 255, 280, 285, 291, 301, 304
  • circle118, 147, 185–186
  • colony48, 51, 55, 58–59 , 117, 120, 123, 126–129 , 131, 306
  • combinations 15–16 , 18–21 , 23–24 , 27, 74, 83, 85, 88–91 , 93, 100–101 , 105–107 , 118, 120, 158, 168, 297–298 , 301, 307, 309–311 , 315–316
  • complex31, 44, 265, 270, 292
  • computer147, 265–267 , 270, 273–274 , 278, 280, 288–291 , 312
  • conceptualization 14–15 , 22, 30, 45, 77, 83, 85, 176, 187, 194, 218
  • container16, 20, 47, 52, 75, 77, 80–82 , 87, 90–91 , 97, 303, 305
  • control188, 190, 194
  • conventional6, 11–15 , 18, 23, 44, 64–65 , 113, 115–116 , 121–122 , 129–130 , 199, 201–202 , 238, 301, 310–311
  • correlation48, 87, 179, 184, 188–189 , 223, 227–228
  • danger120, 122–123 , 127, 131, 188, 307, 311
  • dataset219, 221, 224, 226–229 , 231–235 , 237, 239, 251, 253–254 , 304
  • deliberate24, 31, 66–67 , 119–120 , 125, 216, 263, 266–270 , 283–285 , 287, 290–291 , 293
  • direct13, 20, 25, 269
  • dramaturgical 197–198 , 201–202 , 238
  • effectiveness24, 42, 61, 64, 99, 162, 175, 183, 201, 268, 315
  • energy, substance82, 103–104
  • Event Structure Metaphor77, 83, 85–87 , 104–105 , 300–301 , 303
  • explanatory41, 68, 300
  • extensions42, 216, 227–228 , 291, 316
  • factory45, 52, 64, 66–67 , 69
  • field233, 237, 240, 255, 301
  • field theory231, 233–234 , 236–237 , 239, 251, 255
  • fluid5
  • force233, 248–250 , 302
  • fruit50, 121, 129, 137, 310–311
  • game16, 123, 238
  • genetic code 9–10 ; , 45, 98, 121–122 ; , 128, 131, 143, 158, 163, 183see also metaphor in genetics, text.
  • grounded81, 184, 187, 193, 204, 223, 297, 302, 316
  • heat, substance 93–94 , 98–100 , 102, 105
  • high-lowSee scale, verticle
  • homeostasis 142–143 , 244
  • incorrect107, 292see also epistemological confusion
  • journey 15–16 , 31, 41, 44, 85–86 , 92, 120–121 , 123–124 , 126–130 , 132, 180, 250–251 , 290
  • landscape 248–249
  • levels246, 255
  • lexical, verbal242, 149–150 ; , 193, 197, 199, 201–202 ; , 204, 211, 216, 219–220 ; 244see also linguistic metaphors
  • Location Event Structure metaphor80, 83, 85, 87, 105
  • mechanistic144, 148, 153, 155, 158, 168, 233, 235, 301, 303, 306
  • monomodal 177–178 , 197
  • multi-modal30, 175–179 , 181, 183, 185, 187, 189–191 , 193–195 , 197, 199–205 , 309–310
  • nature43, 45–47 , 49–50 , 120, 122–124 , 126–131 , 175, 178, 184, 186, 200, 202, 270–271 , 291–292 , 308–309
  • necessary116, 120–121 , 311
  • non-resemblance175, 177, 187, 189, 201, 203–204
  • nonlinguistic176, 300
  • novel6, 8–12 , 14–15 , 20, 23, 73, 193, 196–197 , 199, 201, 267–269 , 272, 277, 280, 291–292
  • Object Event Structure metaphor77, 80, 85–86 , 103
  • orbits 214–217 , 244, 251, 301
  • orientational48, 300
  • overarching20, 27–28 , 44, 60–61 , 68, 185, 199
  • pedagogical52, 67, 76, 102, 106, 187, 191, 194–195 , 201–202 , 306, 309
  • pioneer123, 138
  • primary7, 20, 63, 67–68 , 179–180 , 184, 187–190 , 194, 198–199 , 204, 215
  • processing 6–7 , 14, 17–18 , 20, 23, 26, 191, 203
  • propaganda24, 178, 297, 308, 310–311 , 314, 316
  • rational choice230, 253
  • recontextualization21, 167, 240, 266–270 , 280–293 , 312
  • research2, 7, 13, 15–16 , 23, 177, 183, 218, 297
  • reuse 265–267 , 269–270 , 313
  • scholars2, 4–5 , 15–16 , 20, 22, 27, 176, 297, 304, 307, 314–316
  • scientific 18–20 , 22, 28–29 , 50, 75, 82, 93, 96, 64–65 , 68, 211–213 , 216, 219, 298–299 , 303, 305, 309–310 , 312–313 , 315
  • single10, 14, 61, 74, 282
  • social 15–16 , 18, 28–29 , 41–45 , 51, 53, 55–57 , 59–61 , 67–69 , 115, 219–220 , 233–238 , 25455, 301–302 , 305–309 , 315–316
  • solar system 214–215 , 217, 301
  • source domains13, 15–16 , 18–20 , 214–215 , 220, 298, 300, 304, 306–307 , 313
  • space22, 78, 99, 123–124 , 126, 131, 180, 184–185 , 233, 250, 300–301
  • spider186, 188–194 , 203
  • studies4, 8, 28, 64, 191, 299, 313
  • suicide 141–142 , 145–148 , 150–151 , 153–159 , 161, 165, 167–168 , 308
  • technical10, 23, 26, 116, 119, 145, 148, 150, 152, 307, 316
  • terrain235, 243, 249
  • theory-constitutive24, 147, 176–177 , 193, 215, 264, 290, 297, 301, 312
  • theory109, 114, 118, 189, 299, 302
  • throwing dice122, 138
  • thunderstorm of the nerves122, 138
  • time passing242
  • translation, genetic 9–10 , 119, 127, 130–131
  • tree, eugenics187, 203
  • underlying 6–7 , 12, 94, 184–185 , 241, 253, 264
  • valley243, 248–250
  • violence 163–164 , 201
  • visual3, 30, 175–176 , 178, 180–181 , 183–185 , 187, 189–191 , 193–197 , 200–201
  • vocation 211–213 , 218–219 , 232, 252
  • war43, 58, 154, 164, 199, 201–202 , 309–310
  • wave192, 215–217
  • weapon145, 151–152 , 163–164 , 196–197 , 199, 201, 204, 310

• metaphoric 9–10 , 26, 45–46 , 96–97 , 101, 144, 148–150 , 152, 212, 248, 250, 265, 280
  • analogies263, 265, 270–271 , 276, 278–282 , 291–293
  • construal79, 81, 83–84 , 86, 90, 96, 98, 101, 107
  • expressions9, 12, 43, 77, 79, 93–95 , 106–107 , 141–142 , 148, 150, 152–155 , 158, 164, 167, 269–270
  • field 120–121 , 124, 126–127 , 129, 131
  • mappings13, 43, 74, 76–77 , 81, 83–85 , 87–88 , 90, 93, 95–96 , 223, 225–226 , 255–257
    • source domain-to-target domain mapping12, 14, 19, 22, 308
  • meaning11, 13, 17, 22, 26, 115, 121, 137, 175–177 , 201–202
  • patterns43, 57, 77, 119, 184, 189, 195, 204, 243
  • representations61, 120, 122, 178, 184–185 , 187, 192, 195, 200, 220, 225
  • structure115, 188, 197, 204, 240, 256, 301, 304, 312
  • thought184, 187, 191, 193, 196, 202, 211, 215
  • words18, 119, 218, 228

• metaphoricity9, 11, 22, 26, 151, 187–188 , 215, 217, 229, 271, 316

• methodology8, 23, 119, 126, 218–220 , 231, 256, 267
  • scientific28, 62–63 , 127, 258, 314
  • in metaphor study12, 20, 22–23 , 28, 212, 298

• metonymy20, 180, 185, 196, 317

• microcosmic, level43, 223, 241–243 , 245, 248, 252, 255–257 , 300–302 , 305

• microorganisms47, 54, 306

• microstates87, 95, 105

• mind, foremost in our13, 17, 24see also saliency

• mind, human31

• MIP (Metaphor Identification Procedure) 12–13 , 30, 36–37 , 149, 170, 198, 218, 253, 267–268 , 295, 318

• misconceptions19, 146, 299, 302–303 ; , 306, 312–313 ; , 315see also epistemological confusion

• misrepresentation263, 286, 287, 288, 290, 292see also epistemological confusion

• models 55–56 , 61, 63, 68, 99, 230–231 , 299, 304
  • computational19, 215, 289, 302–304
  • explanatory3, 49, 59, 63, 181–182 , 189, 213, 223, 299, 301–302 , 304

• modes133, 146, 177–178 , 184, 194–198
  • communicative68, 92, 175–176 , 194, 196, 198, 201–202

• modifications of metaphors213, 252–253 , 266–267 , 269, 291–292

• molecular biology41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55–57 , 59, 61, 63, 65, 67–69

• molecules43, 45, 49–50 , 52–53 , 55, 57, 60, 63, 87, 153–157 , 160–161

• motion3, 75, 79, 84, 180, 184–185 , 213–217 , 233, 301
  • mechanical66, 193, 224, 252, 300, 302–303 , 310

• motivation1, 121, 144, 154, 156, 168

• movement 15–16 , 52, 77, 80–82 , 85–87 , 90, 92, 94, 184–185 , 188, 190, 192–193 , 224, 242–244 , 300–301
  • nonlinear240, 243–245 , 247, 250, 253, 255–256
  • into/out16, 86–87 , 202, 214, 217

• Müller, C.26, 35, 205

• murder147, 158, 168

• music175, 195, 198, 201–202 , 282

• narratives20, 23, 85, 88, 91, 94, 128, 132, 193–197 , 199, 201–202

• natural sciences28, 30, 113–114 , 119–121 , 127–128 , 176, 181, 186, 195, 200, 204

• natural selection 46–47 , 50, 69

• NCCD (Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death)144, 148

• Nealson, K. 54–55 , 63, 71

• Nerlich, B.2, 35, 131, 140, 170, 313, 317

• network semantics13, 19, 114, 176, 193, 247

• neural network48, 289, 298, 304, 312

• Newtonian inferences 214–216 , 235, 252, 301

• non-deliberate metaphors 24–26 , 268–269

• non-linearity239, 241, 243, 247, 256

• non-metaphorical10, 199, 215–217 ; , 316see also dead metaphor, closed metaphor

• non-resemblance metaphor186, 189

• nonverbal metaphorSee metaphors, multi-modal

• Nova Atlantis128, 130

• nuclei53, 143, 147–148 , 151, 160, 166, 213–214 , 216, 301

• numeracy 222–223 , 253

• Núñez, R. E.3, 35, 136, 176, 206, 222, 259

• observational studies28, 30, 41, 44, 63–65 , 176–177 , 211, 214, 216–218 , 222, 224, 229, 231, 255–256

• online processing6, 11, 21, 27, 196, 264

• ontological inconsistency102see also blends, ontological

• ontologies81, 102, 130, 214

• Origin of Species 46–47

• Ortony, A.2, 11, 22, 35–37 , 74, 109–110 , 135, 137, 140, 204–205 , 258–259 , 293, 317

• partial mapping275, 288see also mappings, target-sourcemetaphoric mappings

• part/whole86

• path-goal schema44, 123, 126, 129, 131, 138, 185

• path metaphor15, 31, 41, 85–86 ; , 92, 123–124 ; , 126–129 ; , 180, 250, 290, 300see also metaphor, journey

• PCD.See programmed cell death

• pedagogy211, 217, 299, 314

• Peirce, C. S. 62–63 , 68

• Pelengaris, S. & Khan, M.143, 154, 167

• personification 154–155 , 159, 161, 164, 316

• perspective29, 31, 64–65 , 74, 76–77 , 79, 100–101 , 115, 119, 288, 291, 293, 299–300
  • change in 20–21 , 24, 76–77 , 96, 188, 192, 194, 214, 216, 237, 239, 268, 303, 306–307 , 309

• persuasion67, 158, 263, 266, 291, 299, 311, 316

• phenomena, scientific18, 21, 23, 300, 308

• philosophers of science28, 46, 62, 176, 299

• philosophy62, 64, 77, 113, 127, 263–264 , 266–267 , 299

• Philosophy of Mind 264–266 , 285, 291

• phylum target domain181, 197

• physical source domain14, 16, 20, 124, 128, 182, 184, 189–191 , 193, 217, 254–255 , 301–302 , 304

• physical vertical dimension metaphorSee scale, verticle

• physics target domain15, 29, 31, 44, 47–48 , 51, 85, 88, 101, 103–104 , 211–213 , 252, 254–255 , 301–306

• physiology53, 126, 139, 180, 198

• picture corpus73, 79, 129, 175–176 , 178–180 , 183–186 , 215, 233, 237, 254, 289

• pie charts81see also representations, modes of

• Pisa armata, crab species 192–193 , 203

• pitch, high198

• Planck, Max 301–302

• plants16, 46, 53, 56–57 , 121, 150, 154, 185, 310–311

• plaque, dental51, 59–60

• poetry15, 18see also artistic domains

• popularization 1–2 , 29–30 , 113, 121–122 , 145, 195, 202–203 , 211, 297, 299, 314–315
  • press 141–143 , 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 171

• positions, sub-mappings of114, 117, 181–182 , 185, 188–189 , 214–215 , 230, 233–236 , 239, 244, 254–255

• possessions/substances77, 80, 86, 90–91 , 97, 103, 253, 315

• posture188, 191, 203

• power16, 56, 179, 188, 226, 234–236 , 239, 254–255 , 302, 311

• Pragglejaz Group13, 30, 36, 149, 170, 298, 318

• pragmatic theory of truth62

• predators56, 188–189 , 192–193 , 203, 244

• predictions63, 68, 147, 234, 251, 254, 256, 297, 299, 302–306 , 312, 314, 316

• presentation7, 81, 83, 93, 181, 195, 219, 257, 298

• probability87, 216, 225, 254, 278, 284

• problem-solving 88–94 , 100, 103, 106, 315

• process, unfolding, spontaneous9, 47, 75, 84, 86, 233, 242

• processes
  • conceptualization 14–15 , 19, 306
  • dynamic48, 100, 241, 254, 304, 310
  • mental14, 181, 275–276 , 279, 283
  • microscopic47, 51–52 , 61, 87, 124, 141, 167

• productivity201, 203

• programmed cell death (PCD)116, 144–146 , 148, 151–152 , 157, 159, 161, 163–165 , 167, 308

• promotional value 30–31 , 194–197 , 199–202 , 204, 299, 314, 316

• pronouns90, 92, 94, 101

• proteins9, 17, 53, 58, 65, 67, 153, 157, 166

• prototypical13, 176, 225, 274

• psycholinguistic studies5, 14, 27

• psychological dynamics31, 48, 236–237 , 240–246 , 248, 250, 254–255 , 301, 304, 309

• public goods 56–57 ; , 59see also social behavior

• quantification3, 75, 81, 89, 223–224

• quantum theory130, 215, 302, 304

• quorum sensing41, 54–56 , 58–61 , 63–65 , 68, 306–307

• racial differences78, 220–221 , 224–231 , 234, 253

• rational actor models230, 246

• rational choice theory221, 230

• readings130, 285, 288, 292–294

• realizations8, 11, 13, 30, 194, 196, 264

• real time processing6, 11, 27, 196, 264see also online processing

• reasoning
  • audience’s10, 23, 95, 100, 107, 265, 292, 302
  • contexts 99–102
  • metaphoric30, 61–62 , 68–69 , 195, 203, 243, 245, 263, 276, 292
  • qualitative 90–93 , 100–101 , 302, 304
  • scientific7, 27–28 , 68–69 , 73–74 , 85, 88, 96–97 , 106, 224–225 , 251–252 , 254, 298–299 , 303, 305–307 , 316

• recontextualization of metaphors263, 267, 269see also metaphor recontextualization

• relatedness19, 89, 222, 233, 251–252 , 254–255 , 300, 304

• Relevance Theory6, 32

• reliability61, 63

• repetitions94, 158, 198, 266–267 , 289

• representation
  • conceptual77, 81, 83, 96, 184, 233
  • incorrect30, 287, 289, 292
  • modes of79, 81, 83, 92, 94, 178, 181, 183–184 , 195–196 , 200, 204

• reproductive process 28–29 , 57, 117–118 , 121–123 , 125–126 , 131, 310–311

• research 15–16 , 60–61 , 73–75 , 99, 101–102 , 175–177 , 204–205 , 217, 220, 222, 255
  • scientific3, 7–8 , 10, 12, 31, 176, 181–182 , 188, 227, 237, 293

• resemblance metaphor14, 144, 177–178 , 182, 189, 194, 201, 203–204

• resources17, 57, 80–81 , 97, 103, 107, 123, 204, 213, 233, 237–238
  • conceptual97, 103, 130
  • pictorial103, 185, 187

• responses, bodily44, 60, 149, 161, 184, 195, 201, 256

• rhizobia57

• rhythm198

• richness87, 116–117

• RNA9, 45

• roles, central103, 122, 145, 148, 175, 184, 204, 211, 271

• roots57, 178–181 , 187, 203, 241

• safety 153–155 , 164, 249

• saliency 13–14 , 17, 21, 23–24 , 194, 197, 223, 234, 298, 310, 316

• sarcoma165

• scaffolding102, 126, 216

• scale, verticle19, 45, 81, 83

• scenarios20, 68, 116–117 , 120–121 , 126, 128, 131, 272–276 , 281, 291, 300

• Schank, R., & Abelson, R. 271–274 , 276–277 , 294

• schema103, 181, 187, 215, 253

• Scherr, R. 81–82 , 103, 108, 110

• Schmitt, R.113, 115, 119, 137

• Schrödinger, E.9, 122, 130, 140, 215–216

• science
  • pedagogy 1–3 , 18, 24, 28–29 , 31, 41, 61, 64–68 , 96, 102–103 , 107–109 , 176, 256–257 , 314–315
  • popularization 1–3 , 24, 26, 29–31 , 113, 168, 256
  • writers22, 74, 84, 101, 104, 216–217 , 299, 302–303 , 305–307 , 309–312 , 314–315

• scientific
  • communication 2–3 , 5, 7–8 , 10–11 , 15–19 , 21, 23–24 , 26, 28, 144–145 , 147–148 , 297, 299, 310, 314
  • concepts 7–8 , 10, 12, 24, 29, 31, 73–74 , 97, 99–100 , 102, 105–107 , 314–315
  • discourse 3–4 ; , 30, 64, 67, 75, 79–81 ; , 84, 93, 99–107 ; , 146–147 ; , 298–300 ; , 307–309 ; , 314–315 ; see also language of science
  • findings61, 74, 88, 93, 100–101 , 185, 203, 251, 257

• Searle, J. R. 263–293
  • arguments271, 276–278 , 280, 283–284 , 286, 290–292
  • article 265–266 , 270–271 , 273–274 , 280–281 , 289
  • Chinese Room Thought Experiment276, 280
  • concept265, 270, 282, 285–286
  • constructs274, 276
  • goal265, 272, 284, 287
  • metaphors 265–266 , 269, 274, 280–284 , 287–290 , 292

• self-destruction 145–146 , 150–151 , 153, 157, 159–160 , 162–163 , 166

• self-organization27, 48, 50–51 , 180, 241, 245–247 , 250, 256

• sell-by date152, 158, 163

• semi-autonomous fields236, 239, 254

• Semino, E.7, 32, 36–37 , 114–116 , 137, 140, 148, 156, 158, 170, 214–215 , 218, 270, 282, 293–294

• semiotic function28, 41, 45, 60–61 , 68, 192

• senescencia165

• sensorimotor75, 77, 178, 181

• sensory-motor experience7, 300, 303

• sequences192, 196, 198, 232, 301, 303see also narratives
  • temporal107, 185, 193, 198–199 , 202, 238, 248, 301

• sharks 183–185

• signalling21, 45, 53, 55, 60, 63, 146, 153, 157, 163, 306–307

• similes 11–14 , 23, 25, 28, 298

• similes and analogies8, 11–12

• single-cell organisms46, 51, 54, 306

• situational factors222, 225, 232, 242

• Smith, T. H. 211–212 , 297–298

• social
  • behavior51, 55–56 , 222–223 , 227, 230–232 , 236, 239–241 , 243–244 , 247–248 , 251–253 , 255–256
  • field theory 232–233 , 236–240 , 250, 254–256 , 301
  • interaction211, 220, 228, 232–233 , 243–244 , 301
  • phenomena17, 218–219 , 222, 228, 233, 253, 306
  • process30, 218, 220–222 , 224, 226–227 , 234–237 , 240, 251, 253–255 , 301, 304–305
  • science28, 30, 218–222 , 224, 231, 242–245 , 251–254 , 256
  • science research 211–212 , 219, 222, 245
  • scientists 219–223 , 225, 228–229 , 232–233 , 240, 242, 251, 254–256 , 304–305

• society124, 127–129 , 131, 133, 156, 257

• solar system213, 251

• sound9, 14, 103, 142, 195, 197–199 , 201–202 , 215, 249, 309
  • non-verbal175, 196–197 , 201
  • repeated198, 200, 309

• sound/music30, 176, 198, 202

• source domains, strategic use of23, 283, 307

• source-path-goal schema130see also path-goal schema

• space
  • metaphoric 131–132 , 232
  • temporal 123–124

• Spaeth, G. L.147, 158, 170

• Spanish texts141, 149, 152–153 , 155, 158, 160, 164–165 , 167–168 , 171, 185, 190

• spatial relations76, 95, 124, 242, 300

• speakers9, 114–115 , 120, 132, 274

• specialised knowledge185, 188

• specialists 10–11 , 23, 26, 212, 215, 228–229 , 297, 303, 307, 314, 316

• species15, 46, 54–55 , 57, 60, 181, 185, 190–191 , 203, 309
  • individual60, 185, 190
  • microbial 54–55 , 60
  • non-human191, 194–195 , 203

• speech66, 115–116 , 132, 196

• squid 54–56

• state
  • alternative equilibrium77, 86, 92, 94, 248–249
  • conceptual mappings22, 66, 77, 97, 191, 216, 245, 249, 256, 271
  • configurational 104–105
  • macro245, 248, 310
  • quiet105, 244, 251

• statistical analysis222, 224, 227–228 , 231, 251, 253–254

• statistics220, 222, 225–226 , 228–229 , 231, 233, 237, 242, 254, 257, 299, 304

• Steen, G.8, 11–13 , 22, 24–27 , 36–37 , 65–67 , 71, 114–115 , 136–137 , 213, 216, 266–269 , 294–295

• Steinhart, E.214, 216, 260, 303, 318

• stem cells121, 138

• stepping stones216, 218, 303, 316

• stereotypes15

• Stock, G. 122–125 , 131, 134, 137–140

• Stomach Example by Searle60, 265, 271, 276, 278–279 , 282–293

• stories99, 120, 132, 202, 225, 257, 265, 272–275 , 277, 281, 310

• story understanding 271–274 , 276, 279, 281

• strategy 103–104 , 165, 190, 195, 197, 201

• strong AI claim271, 291

• strong subject matter theory254, 257

• structural elements14, 52, 65, 115

• student learning 98–99 , 292, 303

• students
  • female289
  • university 93–94 , 105
  • weaker 292–293

• stylized facts 226–227 , 229

• subclass181

• subjectivity189, 198, 309

• sub-mappings77, 80–81 , 85–87 , 105, 218, 221–222 , 224, 234–236 , 240, 243–244 , 247, 251–252 , 254–255 , 306, 309
  • conventional238see also metaphor, conventional
  • integrated20, 30, 179, 211, 219, 240, 243, 253–254 , 303, 312

• subclass181

• subjectivity189, 198, 309

• substance
  • metaphor3, 47, 67, 76, 81–84 , 86–87 , 90, 98–99 , 103, 303
  • ontology90, 99, 222, 224, 233
  • signaling55

• subsystems45, 278

• successes in explaining science18, 61, 103, 122, 187, 252, 300, 302, 310

• suicide, committing 141–142 , 145, 147, 150–161 , 163–164 , 168

• supervenience28, 41, 45, 47–48 , 57, 60–61 , 68

• surface manifestation of mapping5, 232

• survival46, 50, 59, 145, 157, 164, 191, 193, 202–203 ; see also metaphor, dramaturgical

• suspects, criminal222, 224, 226–227 , 229–231 , 248, 253

• swayingSee algae metaphor

• symbionts57

• symbiosis, social metaphor 55–57

• symbols16, 236, 274, 281

• system
  • elements81, 242
  • thermodynamic 84–86 , 93–94 , 99, 104–105

• systematic metaphor analysis61, 65, 68, 77, 79, 81, 86, 93, 100, 106, 113, 115, 119see also metaphor, analysis

• system stability131, 236, 244–245 , 247, 249–250

• tabulations 224–226 , 232, 253

• target domain
  • unfamiliar12, 19, 307
  • complexity19, 272, 310
  • context18, 272, 275
  • elements5, 15, 279, 286, 288

• teachers19, 28–29 , 66, 74, 101, 103–104 , 214, 257, 314

• teaching students 1–3 , 17, 19, 31, 63, 66, 100–101 , 103–106 , 195, 202, 303, 309

• technology114, 117, 120, 122, 124, 126, 129, 131
  • contested114, 117
  • new 113–114 , 117
  • related to science113, 119, 123, 127, 132, 185, 311

• teleology28, 41, 45–50 , 57, 61, 68, 306

• temperature75, 84–85 , 88–90 , 98–99 , 185, 300

• terminology 10–11 , 147–148 , 199, 201, 213, 215, 239, 315
  • scientific167, 177, 184

• texts
  • academic29, 73–76 , 84–85 , 88, 94, 102, 118, 219, 267, 285
  • original117, 121, 132, 292, 311

• textual evidence153, 156, 159, 161, 164, 168, 176, 199, 202, 212, 219, 223

• thermodynamics28, 75, 79, 84–87 , 94, 98, 105, 302

• thought processes12, 64–65 , 282

• Tiers, E. T.57, 71

• time9, 11–12 , 42–44 , 46, 48, 106, 127, 130–132 , 149–150 , 185, 192–193 , 198, 226–228 , 233–234 , 239–245 , 247–248 , 250, 255, 301–302 , 307–308
  • geologic17

• time-stable individual differences232

• tools28, 56, 62, 113, 213, 221, 224, 239, 293, 315
  • computational215, 304

• topic2, 5, 21–22 , 85, 87–88 , 93, 114, 215–219 , 251–253 , 284–285 , 292–293 , 298–299 , 303–304 see also target domain
  • given268
  • important175
  • main168
  • respective293
  • unfamiliar20

• trajectory236, 243, 246–250

• transfer 75–76 , 79–80 , 84, 86–87 , 89–91 , 93, 97, 115, 183, 313
  • conceptualizing96, 98, 105

• transformation 79–80 , 82–84 , 86, 93

• tropes11, 25

• truth 61–62 , 69, 131, 204–205 , 264, 278, 280, 283, 314

• tumours 153–157 , 161, 163

• turbulence244

• Turner33, 35, 78, 108, 110, 258, 260, 317

• types of metaphor11, 15, 17, 25, 27–28 , 141–142 , 153–154 , 177–178 , 180, 187, 189, 192–194 , 197, 201–202 , 204

• understanding
  • accurate1, 21, 106, 142, 217, 230, 265, 292
  • audience’s10, 12
  • comprehensive147, 237, 303, 316
  • micro level256, 311
  • public’s7, 30, 63, 197, 233–234 , 239, 300, 316
  • scientist’s49, 60, 212

• United States131, 221, 226, 282, 284

• universe49, 84

• Ureña Gómez-Moreno, J.30, 176–177 , 184, 191, 193, 199, 201, 206–207 , 300, 309–310

• Vallacher, R.232, 239, 243, 245–246 , 250, 261–262

• value of metaphor2, 8, 28–29 , 102, 106, 187, 191–192 , 231, 237–238 , 302, 304, 310–311

• variables3, 62, 87, 92, 222–228 , 231
  • confounding226, 228
  • dependent222, 224, 226–227
  • extraneous227, 253
  • independent85, 222, 233, 239

• verbalization176, 197, 199, 201, 227

• verbs 157–158 , 168

• video clips20, 30, 51, 175–176 , 184, 188, 191, 194, 198–199 , 201–202 , 227

• viewpoint, shift audience15, 117, 194–199 ; , 201–202 ; , 204, 217, 302–303 ; , 316see also perspective, change in

• virulence 58–59

• vitalism 47–48 , 241

• Watts, D. M. 96–97 , 110

• Weinrich, H.115, 121

• wholes, properties of48, 130

• Williams Camus, J. T.30, 141–142 , 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 307–308

• Wordsmith Tools149

• world, natural56, 61–63

• zombies162

• zoosemiotics191, 192, 195, 204