219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201608250416 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
750008349 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code GS 6 Eb 15 9789027274816 06 10.1075/gs.6 13 2011050944 DG 002 02 01 GS 02 1874-6829 Gesture Studies 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Developments in Primate Gesture Research</TitleText> 01 gs.6 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/gs.6 1 B01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology 2 B01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Freie Universität Berlin, University of Portsmouth & Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 01 eng 270 xiii 256 SCI070050 v.2006 PSVP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.EVO Evolution of language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GEST Gesture Studies 06 01 The book is a themed, mutually referenced collection of articles from a very high-powered set of authors based on the workshop on “Current developments in non-human primate gesture research”, which was held in July 2010 at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. The motivation for this book – following on from the motivation for the workshop series – was to present the state of the art in non-human primate gesture research with a special emphasis on its history, interdisciplinary perspectives, developments and future directions. This book provides, for the first time in a single volume, the most recent work on comparative gestural signaling by many of the major scholars in the field, such as W.D. Hopkins, D. Leavens, T. Racine, J. van Hooff, and S. Wilcox (in alphabetical order). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/gs.6.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027228482.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027228482.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/gs.6.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/gs.6.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/gs.6.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/gs.6.hb.png 10 01 JB code gs.6.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgements</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.002abo xi xiv 4 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">About the contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.01pik 1 12 12 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Developments in primate gesture research</Subtitle> 1 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Eberhard-Gwinner Strasse, Geesehouse Seewiesen, Germany 2 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany 10 01 JB code gs.6.04art Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Article</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.02van 13 32 20 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Facial-vocal displays, gestures and language</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan A.R.A.M. van Hooff Hooff, Jan A.R.A.M. van Jan A.R.A.M. van Hooff Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands 01 Animals possess nonverbal displays consisting of chemical signals, postures, gestures, calls, and, in mammals, of facial-vocal expressions, essentially reflecting intentions and attitudes of the sender. Humans, in addition, possess a verbal language with an &#8216;unlimited&#8217; repertoire of referential and representational symbols, syntactically combined into meaningful complexes. Because of the vital role of speech the emancipation of vocal utterances in primates is seen as the beginning of linguistic evolution. However, in humans gesturing is closely associated with linguistic expression, favouring a gestural origin. Here I compare features of gesturing and facial-vocal expression in our primate relatives, e.g. referentiality and intentionality, contrasting these with linguistic performance. The conclusion is that a choice between one of the former as the main precursor of language cannot as yet be made. 10 01 JB code gs.6.06res Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Research Studies</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.03mar 33 54 22 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Does ontogenetic ritualization explain early communicative gestures in human infants&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Paula Marentette Marentette, Paula Paula Marentette University of Alberta–Augustana, Camrose, Alberta, Canada 2 A01 Elena Nicoladis Nicoladis, Elena Elena Nicoladis University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 01 This chapter evaluates predictions that the origins of at least some gestures of human infants are shaped through ontogenetic ritualization (Clark 1978; Lock 1978; Tomasello 2008). To do so, we examine the development of five gesture types in four children between the ages of 6.5 and 11.5 months. This analysis supports a comparison between those gestures thought to be ritualized (<i>pick-me-up, graspindex</i>), with those that are socially learned (<i>wave, clap, clasp-hands</i>). Although some limited evidence for ritualization is found, developmental similarity amongst the five gesture types is strong. Through comparisons of gesture ontogeny between human and non-human primates, we explore the possible reasons for this result. 10 01 JB code gs.6.08non Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Non-human primates</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.04per 55 72 18 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A mother gorilla&#8217;s variable use of touch to guide her infant</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">mother gorilla&#8217;s variable use of touch to guide her infant</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Insights into iconicity and the relationship between gesture and action</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcus Perlman Perlman, Marcus Marcus Perlman Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 2 A01 Joanne E. Tanner Tanner, Joanne E. Joanne E. Tanner The Gorilla Foundation 3 A01 Barbara J. King King, Barbara J. Barbara J. King Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary 01 This chapter examines how gestures of the great apes are created from instrumental actions. Ape gestures are generally believed to form through phylogenetic or ontogenetic ritualization, or &#8211; at least in humans &#8211; &#8220;iconic&#8221; gestures are created spontaneously during online interaction. These alternatives are evaluated with respect to data on the tactile<i> pushes</i> used by a mother gorilla to direct her infant around their enclosure. Analysis shows that the<i> pushes</i> exhibit variability in form and force in ways that are tuned to the present physical and social context, indicating the underlying activation of afforded instrumental actions and thus iconic processes in the creation of these gestures, opposed to ritualization. We discuss how this variability reveals continuity between gesture and action that is compatible with recent simulation-based accounts of iconic gesture. 10 01 JB code gs.6.05tem 73 92 20 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spontaneous use of gesture sequences in orangutans</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A case for strategy&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sebastian Tempelmann Tempelmann, Sebastian Sebastian Tempelmann Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 2 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 01 Great apes use gestures flexibly across different contexts and with a considerable degree of individual variability. However, little is still known about whether great apes combine gestures to increase the efficacy of their communicative attempts &#8211; either by anticipatorily attracting the attention of the recipient towards themselves or by continuing to gesture in case the recipient does not respond. The few existing studies are not consistent in their conclusions. The present study thus aims to contribute to this discussion by providing a systematic investigation of gesture sequences of 16 captive orangutans. Our results showed that 20&#37; of their gestures were part of a sequence and consisted mostly of combinations of two gestures with the majority representing repetitions of the same gesture. In addition, senders continued to gesture regardless of whether recipients responded to the initial gesture, they did not use particular gestures at the beginning of a sequence to attract the attention of recipients, and they did not switch to more efficient gestures in case the recipient did not respond. These findings therefore do not support the assumption that orangutans&#8217; use of gesture sequences reflects goal directedness in achieving a particular goal, but may rather be the result of the arousal of the gesturing individual in particular contexts, such as play. 10 01 JB code gs.6.06hop 93 112 20 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Handedness for manual gestures in great apes</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A meta-analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 William D. Hopkins Hopkins, William D. William D. Hopkins Department of Psychology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia, United States 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen, Germany 3 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Department of Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee Berlin, Germany 4 A01 Amanda Bania Bania, Amanda Amanda Bania The National Zoo, Washington, D.C. Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas 5 A01 Adrien Meguerditchian Meguerditchian, Adrien Adrien Meguerditchian Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 6 A01 Molly Gardner Gardner, Molly Molly Gardner 7 A01 Steven J. Schapiro Schapiro, Steven J. Steven J. Schapiro 01 Left hemisphere dominance for language and speech is a prominent feature of the human brain. Some have suggested that left hemisphere lateralization for language in modern humans evolved from an existing lateralized system for gestural communication in the common ancestor of humans and apes. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the data on handedness for manual gestures in great apes to test whether species-level asymmetries in hand use were evident and if these asymmetries were consistent across species. Hand preference data for manual gestures were summarized for published and unpublished data in the literature. For observational data, we found that bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans all showed group-level right handedness for manual gestures. For experimental data, group-level right handedness was only found for chimpanzees, though sample sizes were relatively small in the remaining ape species. When hand preference data were combined across ape species, we found that right handedness was much more prevalent for auditory gestures, such as clapping, compared to visual and tactile gestures. The results support the view that asymmetries in hand use for gestural communication was prevalent in the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans and was possibly evident even earlier in primate evolution. Additional data are needed, particularly from wild apes to test for the presence of these asymmetries in subjects raised in their natural environment. 10 01 JB code gs.6.07lai 113 128 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mandrill visual gestures</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A round-the-world study of the largest of all monkeys</Subtitle> 1 A01 Mark E. Laidre Laidre, Mark E. Mark E. Laidre Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 01 Apes have rich gestural communication systems. But do monkeys&#63; If so, what forms and functions do monkey gestures have, and how does the relationship between form and function originate developmentally&#63; This chapter reports intensive observations aimed at answering these questions in the largest of all monkeys, the mandrill (<i>Mandrillus sphinx</i>). Nearly thirty captive mandrill groups distributed across three continents were studied over the course of a decade, some groups for three consecutive generations. Mandrills performed three visual gestures: slap ground, hand extension, and eye covering. While slap ground was distributed uniformly across individuals and groups, hand extension and eye covering &#8211; the two focal gestures of this chapter &#8211; showed restricted distributions that were consistent with their being learned rather than instinctive. Contrasting hand extension against eye covering for fifteen different signal parameters revealed that these two gestures had antithetical forms and functions but had similar developmental histories. Within each gesture the close correspondence between form and function suggested that ontogenetic ritualization contributed to both hand extension&#8217;s and eye covering&#8217;s origin. Furthermore, for eye covering the clustering of all known performers within a single group suggested this gesture was culturally transmitted. Broadly, these results suggest that multiple interacting factors, including instinct, learning, and culture may contribute to the emergence of monkey gestures. Follow-up experiments, however, remain critical for rigorously testing the developmental origins and potential cultural transmission of non-human gestures. Keywords: development; gestural acquisition; ontogenetic ritualization; cultural transmission; monkeys 10 01 JB code gs.6.08hob 129 146 18 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Gesture use in consortship</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Wild chimpanzees&#8217; use of gesture for an &#8216;evolutionarily urgent&#8217; purpose</Subtitle> 1 A01 Catherine Hobaiter Hobaiter, Catherine Catherine Hobaiter Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St Andrews, School of Psychology, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland 2 A01 Richard W. Byrne Byrne, Richard W. Richard W. Byrne Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St Andrews, School of Psychology, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland 01 We describe the gestural communication of wild chimpanzees in the evolutionarily urgent context of consortship. Consortship represented the dominant context for the use of gestural communication by adult males in the Sonso community. Gesturing provided consorting males with the opportunity to communicate their intentions to the female, while avoiding the risk of also advertising these to other community males. The extensive use of gesturing by adult males differs from the low frequency reported in captivity, and emphasises the importance of studying behaviour in a natural population. 10 01 JB code gs.6.14new Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">New trends and debates</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.09sco 147 164 18 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A call for conformity</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">call for conformity</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Gesture studies in human and non-human primates</Subtitle> 1 A01 Nicole M. Scott Scott, Nicole M. Nicole M. Scott Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany 01 Many advances in the study of gesture have been accomplished; however idiosyncratic methodologies and definitions have been applied for different subject pools in human and non-human animals. Since gesture use in our phylogeny dates back at least to other primates, a useful framework for furthering this study should accommodate all gesture forms regardless of species membership. Such a framework would allow for in depth comparisons also if gesture is a product of convergent evolution. The current chapter (i) provides an overview of the state of the art of gesture studies in humans and other primates, (ii) adjusts McNeill&#8217;s Gesture Continuum to accommodate all gesture types by implementing Tinbergen&#8217;s four &#8220;why&#8217;s&#8221; and (iii) creates a comprehensive definition of gesture that satisfies studies of any animal species. 10 01 JB code gs.6.10rac 165 180 16 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cognitivism, adaptationism and pointing</TitleText> 1 A01 Timothy P. Racine Racine, Timothy P. Timothy P. Racine Simon Fraser University 01 I analyze the conceptual foundations of Tomasello and colleagues&#8217; influential theory of the origins of pointing gestures in an attempt to clarify its aims and limit its scope. After some preliminary remarks, I consider the postulated cognitive mechanisms that are claimed to be the developmental basis for the sharing of intentional states with others, and then turn to the postulated evolutionary mechanisms that are said to serve as a basis for cognitive abilities. I discuss the strengths and limitations of this account in terms of its parent meta-theoretical positions of cognitivism and adaptationism respectively. Keywords: pointing; mental states; adaptations; intentions; shared intentionality 10 01 JB code gs.6.11lea 181 198 18 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pointing</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Contexts and instrumentality</Subtitle> 1 A01 David A. Leavens Leavens, David A. David A. Leavens University of Sussex 01 Although long heralded as a human species-unique gesture, pointing has now been demonstrated in numerous species of non-human animals. Many contemporary researchers argue that pointing for instrumental ends marks a different kind of psychological process from pointing to share attention as an end in itself. Thus, a large body of contemporary theory is built on presumptions about the hypothetical motivations underlying pointing. I will briefly outline some of the contexts and motivations in which humans point, and argue that virtually all human pointing can be interpreted in instrumental terms. If this is correct, then instrumentality, <i>per se</i>, cannot illuminate the evolutionary origins of joint attention. 10 01 JB code gs.6.12wil 199 222 24 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Requesting behaviours within episodes of active sharing</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A new look on chimpanzee signalling</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ray Wilkinson Wilkinson, Ray Ray Wilkinson University of Manchester, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester, UK 2 A01 Ivan Leudar Leudar, Ivan Ivan Leudar University of Manchester, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester, UK 3 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany 01 Similarly to humans, one of human&#8217;s closest living congener, chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>), have been observed to share food between unrelated individuals regardless of age and sex. The most remarkable cases of extended food sharing episodes including active sharing occur after chimpanzees have preyed upon mammals such as monkeys, duikers or bush pigs. Although a tremendous amount of research attention has focused on the function underlying the sophisticated sharing events, relatively little systematic research has investigated the behaviours and communicative signals surrounding and initiating these events. In the present paper, we thus provide the first systematic analysis of active meat sharing episodes by combining methods of comparative research with a micro-analytic approach in the form of conversation analysis. We describe how chimpanzees involved in sharing episodes achieve active sharing through a three-part process of (1) B requesting meat; (2) A giving meat; and (3) B taking meat. In addition, we describe the interactive process by which requests may not be acceded to and how subsequent requests may then be shaped and customized. 10 01 JB code gs.6.19art Section header 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Article</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.13wil 223 240 18 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Hands and faces</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Linking human language and non-human primate communication</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sherman Wilcox Wilcox, Sherman Sherman Wilcox Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico 01 This chapter investigates the linguistic links between gesture and language, relying on data from signed languages. Data focuses on the developmental routes by which non-linguistic gestures become incorporated into the linguistic system of signed languages. Evidence is presented for two routes: one leading from gesture to word to grammatical morpheme, and a second leading from gesture to prosody to grammatical marker. These two routes emerge because of the semiotic characteristics of hands and faces. One application of this work is to inform research on non-human primate gesture. The goal is to pose new questions about the relation between gesture and language and to propose a new approach that primate gesture researchers may address when surveying the range of gestural forms. 10 01 JB code gs.6.14kat 241 252 12 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Where next&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Geesehouse Seewiesen, Germany 10 01 JB code gs.6.15ind 253 256 4 Article 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20120612 2012 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027228482 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 90.00 EUR R 01 00 76.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 135.00 USD S 185008348 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code GS 6 Hb 15 9789027228482 13 2011050944 BB 01 GS 02 1874-6829 Gesture Studies 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Developments in Primate Gesture Research</TitleText> 01 gs.6 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/gs.6 1 B01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology 2 B01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Freie Universität Berlin, University of Portsmouth & Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 01 eng 270 xiii 256 SCI070050 v.2006 PSVP 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.EVO Evolution of language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GEST Gesture Studies 06 01 The book is a themed, mutually referenced collection of articles from a very high-powered set of authors based on the workshop on “Current developments in non-human primate gesture research”, which was held in July 2010 at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. The motivation for this book – following on from the motivation for the workshop series – was to present the state of the art in non-human primate gesture research with a special emphasis on its history, interdisciplinary perspectives, developments and future directions. This book provides, for the first time in a single volume, the most recent work on comparative gestural signaling by many of the major scholars in the field, such as W.D. Hopkins, D. Leavens, T. Racine, J. van Hooff, and S. Wilcox (in alphabetical order). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/gs.6.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027228482.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027228482.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/gs.6.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/gs.6.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/gs.6.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/gs.6.hb.png 10 01 JB code gs.6.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgements</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.002abo xi xiv 4 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">About the contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.01pik 1 12 12 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Developments in primate gesture research</Subtitle> 1 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Eberhard-Gwinner Strasse, Geesehouse Seewiesen, Germany 2 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany 10 01 JB code gs.6.04art Section header 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Article</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.02van 13 32 20 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Facial-vocal displays, gestures and language</TitleText> 1 A01 Jan A.R.A.M. van Hooff Hooff, Jan A.R.A.M. van Jan A.R.A.M. van Hooff Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands 01 Animals possess nonverbal displays consisting of chemical signals, postures, gestures, calls, and, in mammals, of facial-vocal expressions, essentially reflecting intentions and attitudes of the sender. Humans, in addition, possess a verbal language with an &#8216;unlimited&#8217; repertoire of referential and representational symbols, syntactically combined into meaningful complexes. Because of the vital role of speech the emancipation of vocal utterances in primates is seen as the beginning of linguistic evolution. However, in humans gesturing is closely associated with linguistic expression, favouring a gestural origin. Here I compare features of gesturing and facial-vocal expression in our primate relatives, e.g. referentiality and intentionality, contrasting these with linguistic performance. The conclusion is that a choice between one of the former as the main precursor of language cannot as yet be made. 10 01 JB code gs.6.06res Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Research Studies</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.03mar 33 54 22 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Does ontogenetic ritualization explain early communicative gestures in human infants&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Paula Marentette Marentette, Paula Paula Marentette University of Alberta–Augustana, Camrose, Alberta, Canada 2 A01 Elena Nicoladis Nicoladis, Elena Elena Nicoladis University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 01 This chapter evaluates predictions that the origins of at least some gestures of human infants are shaped through ontogenetic ritualization (Clark 1978; Lock 1978; Tomasello 2008). To do so, we examine the development of five gesture types in four children between the ages of 6.5 and 11.5 months. This analysis supports a comparison between those gestures thought to be ritualized (<i>pick-me-up, graspindex</i>), with those that are socially learned (<i>wave, clap, clasp-hands</i>). Although some limited evidence for ritualization is found, developmental similarity amongst the five gesture types is strong. Through comparisons of gesture ontogeny between human and non-human primates, we explore the possible reasons for this result. 10 01 JB code gs.6.08non Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Non-human primates</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.04per 55 72 18 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A mother gorilla&#8217;s variable use of touch to guide her infant</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">mother gorilla&#8217;s variable use of touch to guide her infant</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Insights into iconicity and the relationship between gesture and action</Subtitle> 1 A01 Marcus Perlman Perlman, Marcus Marcus Perlman Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 2 A01 Joanne E. Tanner Tanner, Joanne E. Joanne E. Tanner The Gorilla Foundation 3 A01 Barbara J. King King, Barbara J. Barbara J. King Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary 01 This chapter examines how gestures of the great apes are created from instrumental actions. Ape gestures are generally believed to form through phylogenetic or ontogenetic ritualization, or &#8211; at least in humans &#8211; &#8220;iconic&#8221; gestures are created spontaneously during online interaction. These alternatives are evaluated with respect to data on the tactile<i> pushes</i> used by a mother gorilla to direct her infant around their enclosure. Analysis shows that the<i> pushes</i> exhibit variability in form and force in ways that are tuned to the present physical and social context, indicating the underlying activation of afforded instrumental actions and thus iconic processes in the creation of these gestures, opposed to ritualization. We discuss how this variability reveals continuity between gesture and action that is compatible with recent simulation-based accounts of iconic gesture. 10 01 JB code gs.6.05tem 73 92 20 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spontaneous use of gesture sequences in orangutans</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A case for strategy&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sebastian Tempelmann Tempelmann, Sebastian Sebastian Tempelmann Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 2 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 01 Great apes use gestures flexibly across different contexts and with a considerable degree of individual variability. However, little is still known about whether great apes combine gestures to increase the efficacy of their communicative attempts &#8211; either by anticipatorily attracting the attention of the recipient towards themselves or by continuing to gesture in case the recipient does not respond. The few existing studies are not consistent in their conclusions. The present study thus aims to contribute to this discussion by providing a systematic investigation of gesture sequences of 16 captive orangutans. Our results showed that 20&#37; of their gestures were part of a sequence and consisted mostly of combinations of two gestures with the majority representing repetitions of the same gesture. In addition, senders continued to gesture regardless of whether recipients responded to the initial gesture, they did not use particular gestures at the beginning of a sequence to attract the attention of recipients, and they did not switch to more efficient gestures in case the recipient did not respond. These findings therefore do not support the assumption that orangutans&#8217; use of gesture sequences reflects goal directedness in achieving a particular goal, but may rather be the result of the arousal of the gesturing individual in particular contexts, such as play. 10 01 JB code gs.6.06hop 93 112 20 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Handedness for manual gestures in great apes</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A meta-analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 William D. Hopkins Hopkins, William D. William D. Hopkins Department of Psychology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia, United States 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen, Germany 3 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal Department of Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee Berlin, Germany 4 A01 Amanda Bania Bania, Amanda Amanda Bania The National Zoo, Washington, D.C. Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas 5 A01 Adrien Meguerditchian Meguerditchian, Adrien Adrien Meguerditchian Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 6 A01 Molly Gardner Gardner, Molly Molly Gardner 7 A01 Steven J. Schapiro Schapiro, Steven J. Steven J. Schapiro 01 Left hemisphere dominance for language and speech is a prominent feature of the human brain. Some have suggested that left hemisphere lateralization for language in modern humans evolved from an existing lateralized system for gestural communication in the common ancestor of humans and apes. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the data on handedness for manual gestures in great apes to test whether species-level asymmetries in hand use were evident and if these asymmetries were consistent across species. Hand preference data for manual gestures were summarized for published and unpublished data in the literature. For observational data, we found that bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans all showed group-level right handedness for manual gestures. For experimental data, group-level right handedness was only found for chimpanzees, though sample sizes were relatively small in the remaining ape species. When hand preference data were combined across ape species, we found that right handedness was much more prevalent for auditory gestures, such as clapping, compared to visual and tactile gestures. The results support the view that asymmetries in hand use for gestural communication was prevalent in the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans and was possibly evident even earlier in primate evolution. Additional data are needed, particularly from wild apes to test for the presence of these asymmetries in subjects raised in their natural environment. 10 01 JB code gs.6.07lai 113 128 16 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Mandrill visual gestures</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A round-the-world study of the largest of all monkeys</Subtitle> 1 A01 Mark E. Laidre Laidre, Mark E. Mark E. Laidre Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 01 Apes have rich gestural communication systems. But do monkeys&#63; If so, what forms and functions do monkey gestures have, and how does the relationship between form and function originate developmentally&#63; This chapter reports intensive observations aimed at answering these questions in the largest of all monkeys, the mandrill (<i>Mandrillus sphinx</i>). Nearly thirty captive mandrill groups distributed across three continents were studied over the course of a decade, some groups for three consecutive generations. Mandrills performed three visual gestures: slap ground, hand extension, and eye covering. While slap ground was distributed uniformly across individuals and groups, hand extension and eye covering &#8211; the two focal gestures of this chapter &#8211; showed restricted distributions that were consistent with their being learned rather than instinctive. Contrasting hand extension against eye covering for fifteen different signal parameters revealed that these two gestures had antithetical forms and functions but had similar developmental histories. Within each gesture the close correspondence between form and function suggested that ontogenetic ritualization contributed to both hand extension&#8217;s and eye covering&#8217;s origin. Furthermore, for eye covering the clustering of all known performers within a single group suggested this gesture was culturally transmitted. Broadly, these results suggest that multiple interacting factors, including instinct, learning, and culture may contribute to the emergence of monkey gestures. Follow-up experiments, however, remain critical for rigorously testing the developmental origins and potential cultural transmission of non-human gestures. Keywords: development; gestural acquisition; ontogenetic ritualization; cultural transmission; monkeys 10 01 JB code gs.6.08hob 129 146 18 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Gesture use in consortship</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Wild chimpanzees&#8217; use of gesture for an &#8216;evolutionarily urgent&#8217; purpose</Subtitle> 1 A01 Catherine Hobaiter Hobaiter, Catherine Catherine Hobaiter Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St Andrews, School of Psychology, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland 2 A01 Richard W. Byrne Byrne, Richard W. Richard W. Byrne Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St Andrews, School of Psychology, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland 01 We describe the gestural communication of wild chimpanzees in the evolutionarily urgent context of consortship. Consortship represented the dominant context for the use of gestural communication by adult males in the Sonso community. Gesturing provided consorting males with the opportunity to communicate their intentions to the female, while avoiding the risk of also advertising these to other community males. The extensive use of gesturing by adult males differs from the low frequency reported in captivity, and emphasises the importance of studying behaviour in a natural population. 10 01 JB code gs.6.14new Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">New trends and debates</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.09sco 147 164 18 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A call for conformity</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">call for conformity</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Gesture studies in human and non-human primates</Subtitle> 1 A01 Nicole M. Scott Scott, Nicole M. Nicole M. Scott Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany 01 Many advances in the study of gesture have been accomplished; however idiosyncratic methodologies and definitions have been applied for different subject pools in human and non-human animals. Since gesture use in our phylogeny dates back at least to other primates, a useful framework for furthering this study should accommodate all gesture forms regardless of species membership. Such a framework would allow for in depth comparisons also if gesture is a product of convergent evolution. The current chapter (i) provides an overview of the state of the art of gesture studies in humans and other primates, (ii) adjusts McNeill&#8217;s Gesture Continuum to accommodate all gesture types by implementing Tinbergen&#8217;s four &#8220;why&#8217;s&#8221; and (iii) creates a comprehensive definition of gesture that satisfies studies of any animal species. 10 01 JB code gs.6.10rac 165 180 16 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cognitivism, adaptationism and pointing</TitleText> 1 A01 Timothy P. Racine Racine, Timothy P. Timothy P. Racine Simon Fraser University 01 I analyze the conceptual foundations of Tomasello and colleagues&#8217; influential theory of the origins of pointing gestures in an attempt to clarify its aims and limit its scope. After some preliminary remarks, I consider the postulated cognitive mechanisms that are claimed to be the developmental basis for the sharing of intentional states with others, and then turn to the postulated evolutionary mechanisms that are said to serve as a basis for cognitive abilities. I discuss the strengths and limitations of this account in terms of its parent meta-theoretical positions of cognitivism and adaptationism respectively. Keywords: pointing; mental states; adaptations; intentions; shared intentionality 10 01 JB code gs.6.11lea 181 198 18 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pointing</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Contexts and instrumentality</Subtitle> 1 A01 David A. Leavens Leavens, David A. David A. Leavens University of Sussex 01 Although long heralded as a human species-unique gesture, pointing has now been demonstrated in numerous species of non-human animals. Many contemporary researchers argue that pointing for instrumental ends marks a different kind of psychological process from pointing to share attention as an end in itself. Thus, a large body of contemporary theory is built on presumptions about the hypothetical motivations underlying pointing. I will briefly outline some of the contexts and motivations in which humans point, and argue that virtually all human pointing can be interpreted in instrumental terms. If this is correct, then instrumentality, <i>per se</i>, cannot illuminate the evolutionary origins of joint attention. 10 01 JB code gs.6.12wil 199 222 24 Article 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Requesting behaviours within episodes of active sharing</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A new look on chimpanzee signalling</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ray Wilkinson Wilkinson, Ray Ray Wilkinson University of Manchester, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester, UK 2 A01 Ivan Leudar Leudar, Ivan Ivan Leudar University of Manchester, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester, UK 3 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany 01 Similarly to humans, one of human&#8217;s closest living congener, chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>), have been observed to share food between unrelated individuals regardless of age and sex. The most remarkable cases of extended food sharing episodes including active sharing occur after chimpanzees have preyed upon mammals such as monkeys, duikers or bush pigs. Although a tremendous amount of research attention has focused on the function underlying the sophisticated sharing events, relatively little systematic research has investigated the behaviours and communicative signals surrounding and initiating these events. In the present paper, we thus provide the first systematic analysis of active meat sharing episodes by combining methods of comparative research with a micro-analytic approach in the form of conversation analysis. We describe how chimpanzees involved in sharing episodes achieve active sharing through a three-part process of (1) B requesting meat; (2) A giving meat; and (3) B taking meat. In addition, we describe the interactive process by which requests may not be acceded to and how subsequent requests may then be shaped and customized. 10 01 JB code gs.6.19art Section header 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Article</TitleText> 10 01 JB code gs.6.13wil 223 240 18 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Hands and faces</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Linking human language and non-human primate communication</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sherman Wilcox Wilcox, Sherman Sherman Wilcox Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico 01 This chapter investigates the linguistic links between gesture and language, relying on data from signed languages. Data focuses on the developmental routes by which non-linguistic gestures become incorporated into the linguistic system of signed languages. Evidence is presented for two routes: one leading from gesture to word to grammatical morpheme, and a second leading from gesture to prosody to grammatical marker. These two routes emerge because of the semiotic characteristics of hands and faces. One application of this work is to inform research on non-human primate gesture. The goal is to pose new questions about the relation between gesture and language and to propose a new approach that primate gesture researchers may address when surveying the range of gestural forms. 10 01 JB code gs.6.14kat 241 252 12 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Where next&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Katja Liebal Liebal, Katja Katja Liebal 2 A01 Simone Pika Pika, Simone Simone Pika Humboldt Research Group “Comparative Gestural Signalling”, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Geesehouse Seewiesen, Germany 10 01 JB code gs.6.15ind 253 256 4 Article 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20120612 2012 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 630 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 38 20 01 02 JB 1 00 90.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 95.40 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 76.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 135.00 USD