35008610 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code HCP 27 Eb 15 9789027287021 06 10.1075/hcp.27 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code HCP 02 1387-6724 02 27.00 01 02 Human Cognitive Processing Human Cognitive Processing 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-hcp 01 02 Human Cognitive Processing (vols. 1–51, 1998–2015) 05 02 HCP (vols. 1–51, 1998–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 01 01 Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon 1 B01 01 JB code 5136103 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/5136103 2 B01 01 JB code 74136104 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/74136104 01 eng 11 314 03 03 vii 03 00 306 03 01 22 410 03 2011 P126 04 Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) 04 Motivation (Psychology) 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.COGPSY Cognitive linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 01 06 02 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes, and - mediated through cognition - by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. This volume is of interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 03 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes such as categorizing, framing, inferencing, associative (metonymic), and analogical (metaphorical) thinking, and – mediated through cognition – by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. The contributors to the present volume demonstrate how these language-independent factors motivate grammar and the lexicon in a variety of languages such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian, Croatian, Japanese, and Korean. The volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hcp.27.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027223814.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027223814.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hcp.27.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hcp.27.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 JB code hcp.27.01pre 06 10.1075/hcp.27.01pre vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.02pan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.02pan 1 26 26 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Reflections on motivation revisited Reflections on motivation revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 82143172 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/82143172 2 A01 01 JB code 725143173 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/725143173 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.03pa1 06 10.1075/hcp.27.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Motivation in grammar Part I. Motivation in grammar 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.04lan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.04lan 29 48 20 Article 4 01 04 Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary 1 A01 01 JB code 145143174 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker University of California, San Diego 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/145143174 01 eng 03 00

Motivation offers a viable middle ground to extreme positions that are clearly untenable. Here I consider the semantic motivation of grammar, as exemplified by the English auxiliary. Properly characterized in terms of systems of elements serving particular semantic functions, the auxiliary is seen as being efficient and highly motivated. Its apparent idiosyncrasies reflect the functions served and the meanings of the elements employed.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.05che 06 10.1075/hcp.27.05che 49 70 22 Article 5 01 04 The mind as ground The mind as ground 01 04 A study of the English existential construction A study of the English existential construction 1 A01 01 JB code 598143175 Rong Chen Chen, Rong Rong Chen California State University, San BernardinoXI’an International Studies University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/598143175 01 eng 03 00

Working within the cognitive linguistics theoretical framework (Langacker 1987, 1991; Talmy 2000a, 2000b) and based on the Ground-before-Figure (GbF) model developed in Chen (2003), this paper argues that the there-existential construction presents a ground before a figure. As such, the construction is motivated by perceptual considerations (Radden & Panther 2004), resulting in the kind of cognitive efficiency that aids the processing of information for the hearer.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.06bro 06 10.1075/hcp.27.06bro 71 88 18 Article 6 01 04 Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs 1 A01 01 JB code 37143176 Cristiano Broccias Broccias, Cristiano Cristiano Broccias Università di Genova 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37143176 01 eng 03 00

This paper discusses participant-oriented uses of adverbs and tries to motivate their conceptual flexibility within a framework largely inspired by Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. Usually, at least two types of participant-oriented adverb are identified, manner and transparent adverbs. It is argued here that they define a network where both a schema and a prototype can be recognized and that the difference between manner and transparent adverbs results from a difference in vantage point. Transparent adverbs, which code either cause or result, imply an internal vantage point while manner adverbs imply an external vantage point. The prototype is identified with those (manner) adverbs which involve some (external) evaluation of the clausal event on the part of the conceptualizer. The schema is regarded as merely coding temporal coextension between the verbal event and the property hinted at by the adjectival base of the adverb. Finally, the relation between participant-oriented adverbs, on the one hand, and depictive adjectives and resultative adverbs is also briefly addressed.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.07hay 06 10.1075/hcp.27.07hay 89 106 18 Article 7 01 04 The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English 1 A01 01 JB code 426143177 Naoko Hayase Hayase, Naoko Naoko Hayase Osaka University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/426143177 01 eng 03 00

Dangling participles are considered incorrect usage in written Standard English. Nonetheless, dangling participles enjoy widespread usage, particularly in spoken English. This paper argues that the use of dangling participles is semantically and cognitively motivated. In adopting a usage-based view and analyzing attested data from the British National Corpus, this study shows that constructions with a dangling participle describe a coherent “cognizance scenario” as their constructional meaning. The dangling participial construction evokes a conceptualizer who conceives the situation described in the main clause. Thanks to its constructional semantics, the dangling participle is especially common in text genres which focus on the interaction with the hearer.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.08izu 06 10.1075/hcp.27.08izu 107 132 26 Article 8 01 04 What motivates an inference? What motivates an inference? 01 04 The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP 1 A01 01 JB code 785143178 Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Fuji Women’s University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/785143178 2 A01 01 JB code 56143179 Katsunobu Izutsu Izutsu, Katsunobu Katsunobu Izutsu Hokkaido University of Education at Asahikawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56143179 01 eng 03 00

The present article proposes both theoretical and empirical explanations for the semantic shift from the meaning temporal/spatial overlap to the meaning contrast/concessive, observable across genetically and geographically unrelated languages (e.g. English while, Japanese -nagara). The shift involves metonymic inference (Traugott & König 1991). However, our three experiments show that this inference is further motivated by a temporal/spatial overlap of two situations, which largely corresponds to perceptual overlap in Langacker’s viewing arrangement. Therefore, among Radden and Panther’s (2004) language-independent factors of motivation, perceptual motivation (perceptual overlap) is more fundamental to the semantic change in question than cognitive motivation (metonymic inference).

01 01 JB code hcp.27.09mat 06 10.1075/hcp.27.09mat 133 148 16 Article 9 01 04 The conceptual motivation of aspect The conceptual motivation of aspect 1 A01 01 JB code 352143180 Teenie Matlock Matlock, Teenie Teenie Matlock University of California, Merced 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/352143180 01 eng 03 00

Aspect expresses information about how events unfold in time. In English, imperfective aspect is known to widen the temporal scope of the event described, but little is known about how such imperfective descriptions are processed or what motivates their use. This chapter investigates the conceptual impact of aspect, especially imperfective descriptions of past events, and argues that it shapes our understanding of events, and that its use and function is motivated by our everyday experience of perceiving and simulating events.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.10bai 06 10.1075/hcp.27.10bai 149 170 22 Article 10 01 04 Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure 01 04 The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model 1 A01 01 JB code 706143181 Annalisa Baicchi Baicchi, Annalisa Annalisa Baicchi University of Pavia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/706143181 01 eng 03 00

This chapter is concerned with the use of non-motion verbs in the caused-motion construction. Their literal or figurative motional interpretation is claimed to be motivated by high-level conceptual metaphors. Typically, these non-motion verbs are lexically intransitive and coerced into transitive verbs in the caused-motion construction. The goal of the paper to identify the constructional meanings of these verbs resulting from processes of metaphorization. These meaning constructions are analyzed within the theoretical frameworks of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Lexical-Constructional Model.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.11pel 06 10.1075/hcp.27.11pel 171 190 20 Article 11 01 04 Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell 1 A01 01 JB code 183143182 Peter Pelyvas Pelyvas, Peter Peter Pelyvas University of Debrecen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/183143182 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this paper is to find motivation (and perhaps also some of its limits) in grammatical structures associated with the English modal must and its Hungarian equivalent kell. Motivation is seen as coming from various ingredients of a conceptual structure associated with the modals that is assumed to be far more complex than was suggested in previous analyses of the 1990s. The view of modality offered here is more fine-grained in including participants and matching forces associated with them, especially in the deontic senses. The roles attributed to participants in conceptual structure can be seen as motivating alternative grammatical structures and, conversely, the presence of these structures can be taken as indirect evidence that the conceptual structure is valid. The correlation, however, has its limits as well. Some of the radical changes in conceptual structure resulting from the root to epistemic extension are at best marginally represented in grammatical structure. The paper also offers suggestions as to why this may be the case.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.12ueh 06 10.1075/hcp.27.12ueh 191 212 22 Article 12 01 04 The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese 1 A01 01 JB code 474143183 Satoshi Uehara Uehara, Satoshi Satoshi Uehara Tohoku University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/474143183 01 eng 03 00

The highly developed honorific systems in Korean and Japanese are functionally similar but differ with respect to non-subject referent honorifics, which indicate the speaker’s deference toward a non-subject referent participant in the event described. Korean expresses non-subject referent honorifics lexically, whereas Japanese expresses them morphologically. Moreover, the Korean pattern of non-subject referent honorifics is limited to a handful of verbs while the Japanese pattern is fairly productive. This paper compares expressions of honorifics for objectively identical situations in the two languages and argues that their different usages and productivities are motivated by socio-cultural factors.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.13pa2 06 10.1075/hcp.27.13pa2 Section header 13 01 04 Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.14tri 06 10.1075/hcp.27.14tri 215 232 18 Article 14 01 04 Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics 01 04 Cognitive reference points revisited Cognitive reference points revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 37143184 Elena Tribushinina Tribushinina, Elena Elena Tribushinina Utrecht University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37143184 01 eng 03 00

Reference-point reasoning is a pervasive cognitive phenomenon intrinsic to many domains of human activity. However, very little is known about linguistic aspects of this phenomenon. This paper elaborates the reference-point model by applying it to lexical semantics and, more specifically, to the semantics of dimensional adjectives. It is argued that a panoply of reference points may be used to anchor conceptual specifications of adjectives, prototypes being only a special case of the reference-point mechanism. For example, dimensional adjectives may be interpreted vis-à-vis an average value of the property (norm), endpoints of the scale and dimensions of the human body (ego). Each of these reference points motivates crucial semantic and functional properties of dimensional adjectives.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.15brd 06 10.1075/hcp.27.15brd 233 250 18 Article 15 01 04 Metonymy, metaphor and the "weekend frame of mind" Metonymy, metaphor and the “weekend frame of mind” 01 04 Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy 1 A01 01 JB code 415143185 Mario Brdar Brdar, Mario Mario Brdar University of Osijek 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/415143185 2 A01 01 JB code 699143186 Rita Brdar-Szabó Brdar-Szabó, Rita Rita Brdar-Szabó Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/699143186 01 eng 03 00

A series of corpus-based case studies on the availability of metonymically used proper names in the language of media, where the name of a capital is used to refer indirectly to the government, shows that this particular type of metonymy is available in Hungarian and Croatian but underused in comparison with English and German. The picture is all the more puzzling because the distribution of metonymies is very uneven in Hungarian and Croatian – some texts exhibiting hardly any such metonymies while they abound in some other texts. When examined along the temporal dimension, the data reveal a cyclic variation in the availability of these metonymies, with productivity regularly peaking at the weekend. These contrasts appear to be ultimately motivated by the workings of a cultural model whose essential ingredient is a correlation obtaining between two very general conceptual metaphors: time is space and social and mental world is physical world.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.16mar 06 10.1075/hcp.27.16mar 251 268 18 Article 16 01 04 Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? 01 04 The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 56143187 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56143187 01 eng 03 00

This paper is concerned with motivation and transparency in the lexicon. After a theoretical discussion of motivation, the author presents an empirical study that focuses on the motivation of formally simple and complex polysemous Italian words. It is shown that the motivatability of polysemous words does not depend on formal complexity alone, but also on the cognitive relation (metaphor vs. metonymy) that connects the meanings of a polysemous word.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.17umb 06 10.1075/hcp.27.17umb 269 286 18 Article 17 01 04 Motivational networks Motivational networks 01 04 An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon 1 A01 01 JB code 629143188 Birgit Umbreit Umbreit, Birgit Birgit Umbreit University of Stuttgart 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/629143188 01 eng 03 00

The notion motivational network is proposed to describe the existence of various possibilities of motivation for a given form. As shown in questionnaire studies, this phenomenon is quite common for non-linguist native speakers. But the notion of motivational network is also justified from a cognitive perspective: in the mental lexicon, words in a word family are structured as multidirectional networks, resulting in the co-activation of all family members. Thus, the coexistence of various equally salient motivational partners should not be regarded as exceptional but rather as the default case in lexical motivation.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.18san 06 10.1075/hcp.27.18san 287 298 12 Article 18 01 04 The "meaning-full" vocabulary of English and German The “meaning-full” vocabulary of English and German 01 04 An empirical study on lexical motivatability An empirical study on lexical motivatability 1 A01 01 JB code 7143189 Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer Sanchez-Stockhammer, Christina Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/7143189 01 eng 03 00

It is widely believed that only a small part of the English vocabulary is analyzable into constituents that are both formally and semantically related to the meaning of the complex word. De Saussure (1916) already described English as a langue lexicologique, a phenomenon that Leisi (1955) attributes to the large proportion of Romance words that have become part of the originally Germanic English language. Leisi concludes that, in contrast to German, many words of contemporary English are not integrated into any word family.This paper presents the results of a research project in which the motivatability of the 2,500 most frequent English and German words is investigated. The approach adopted here distinguishes the four categories of ‘fully motivatable’, ‘partially motivatable’, ‘unmotivatable but transparent’ and ‘fully unmotivatable’ words. The two most important findings of the study are: (i) the German vocabulary is in fact more motivatable than the English vocabulary – if only marginally so, and (ii) the non-native origin of a word has no negative effect on its motivatability.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.19nam 06 10.1075/hcp.27.19nam 299 302 4 Miscellaneous 19 01 04 Name index Name index 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.20sub 06 10.1075/hcp.27.20sub 303 306 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.27 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20110629 C 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027223814 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027287021 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 76.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 135.00 USD
446008609 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code HCP 27 Hb 15 9789027223814 06 10.1075/hcp.27 13 2011002400 00 BB 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 735 gr 10 01 JB code HCP 02 1387-6724 02 27.00 01 02 Human Cognitive Processing Human Cognitive Processing 01 01 Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon 1 B01 01 JB code 5136103 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/5136103 2 B01 01 JB code 74136104 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/74136104 01 eng 11 314 03 03 vii 03 00 306 03 01 22 410 03 2011 P126 04 Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) 04 Motivation (Psychology) 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.COGPSY Cognitive linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 01 06 02 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes, and - mediated through cognition - by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. This volume is of interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 03 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes such as categorizing, framing, inferencing, associative (metonymic), and analogical (metaphorical) thinking, and – mediated through cognition – by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. The contributors to the present volume demonstrate how these language-independent factors motivate grammar and the lexicon in a variety of languages such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian, Croatian, Japanese, and Korean. The volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hcp.27.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027223814.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027223814.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hcp.27.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hcp.27.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 JB code hcp.27.01pre 06 10.1075/hcp.27.01pre vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.02pan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.02pan 1 26 26 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Reflections on motivation revisited Reflections on motivation revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 82143172 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/82143172 2 A01 01 JB code 725143173 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/725143173 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.03pa1 06 10.1075/hcp.27.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Motivation in grammar Part I. Motivation in grammar 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.04lan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.04lan 29 48 20 Article 4 01 04 Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary 1 A01 01 JB code 145143174 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker University of California, San Diego 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/145143174 01 eng 03 00

Motivation offers a viable middle ground to extreme positions that are clearly untenable. Here I consider the semantic motivation of grammar, as exemplified by the English auxiliary. Properly characterized in terms of systems of elements serving particular semantic functions, the auxiliary is seen as being efficient and highly motivated. Its apparent idiosyncrasies reflect the functions served and the meanings of the elements employed.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.05che 06 10.1075/hcp.27.05che 49 70 22 Article 5 01 04 The mind as ground The mind as ground 01 04 A study of the English existential construction A study of the English existential construction 1 A01 01 JB code 598143175 Rong Chen Chen, Rong Rong Chen California State University, San BernardinoXI’an International Studies University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/598143175 01 eng 03 00

Working within the cognitive linguistics theoretical framework (Langacker 1987, 1991; Talmy 2000a, 2000b) and based on the Ground-before-Figure (GbF) model developed in Chen (2003), this paper argues that the there-existential construction presents a ground before a figure. As such, the construction is motivated by perceptual considerations (Radden & Panther 2004), resulting in the kind of cognitive efficiency that aids the processing of information for the hearer.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.06bro 06 10.1075/hcp.27.06bro 71 88 18 Article 6 01 04 Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs 1 A01 01 JB code 37143176 Cristiano Broccias Broccias, Cristiano Cristiano Broccias Università di Genova 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37143176 01 eng 03 00

This paper discusses participant-oriented uses of adverbs and tries to motivate their conceptual flexibility within a framework largely inspired by Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. Usually, at least two types of participant-oriented adverb are identified, manner and transparent adverbs. It is argued here that they define a network where both a schema and a prototype can be recognized and that the difference between manner and transparent adverbs results from a difference in vantage point. Transparent adverbs, which code either cause or result, imply an internal vantage point while manner adverbs imply an external vantage point. The prototype is identified with those (manner) adverbs which involve some (external) evaluation of the clausal event on the part of the conceptualizer. The schema is regarded as merely coding temporal coextension between the verbal event and the property hinted at by the adjectival base of the adverb. Finally, the relation between participant-oriented adverbs, on the one hand, and depictive adjectives and resultative adverbs is also briefly addressed.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.07hay 06 10.1075/hcp.27.07hay 89 106 18 Article 7 01 04 The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English 1 A01 01 JB code 426143177 Naoko Hayase Hayase, Naoko Naoko Hayase Osaka University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/426143177 01 eng 03 00

Dangling participles are considered incorrect usage in written Standard English. Nonetheless, dangling participles enjoy widespread usage, particularly in spoken English. This paper argues that the use of dangling participles is semantically and cognitively motivated. In adopting a usage-based view and analyzing attested data from the British National Corpus, this study shows that constructions with a dangling participle describe a coherent “cognizance scenario” as their constructional meaning. The dangling participial construction evokes a conceptualizer who conceives the situation described in the main clause. Thanks to its constructional semantics, the dangling participle is especially common in text genres which focus on the interaction with the hearer.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.08izu 06 10.1075/hcp.27.08izu 107 132 26 Article 8 01 04 What motivates an inference? What motivates an inference? 01 04 The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP 1 A01 01 JB code 785143178 Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Fuji Women’s University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/785143178 2 A01 01 JB code 56143179 Katsunobu Izutsu Izutsu, Katsunobu Katsunobu Izutsu Hokkaido University of Education at Asahikawa 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56143179 01 eng 03 00

The present article proposes both theoretical and empirical explanations for the semantic shift from the meaning temporal/spatial overlap to the meaning contrast/concessive, observable across genetically and geographically unrelated languages (e.g. English while, Japanese -nagara). The shift involves metonymic inference (Traugott & König 1991). However, our three experiments show that this inference is further motivated by a temporal/spatial overlap of two situations, which largely corresponds to perceptual overlap in Langacker’s viewing arrangement. Therefore, among Radden and Panther’s (2004) language-independent factors of motivation, perceptual motivation (perceptual overlap) is more fundamental to the semantic change in question than cognitive motivation (metonymic inference).

01 01 JB code hcp.27.09mat 06 10.1075/hcp.27.09mat 133 148 16 Article 9 01 04 The conceptual motivation of aspect The conceptual motivation of aspect 1 A01 01 JB code 352143180 Teenie Matlock Matlock, Teenie Teenie Matlock University of California, Merced 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/352143180 01 eng 03 00

Aspect expresses information about how events unfold in time. In English, imperfective aspect is known to widen the temporal scope of the event described, but little is known about how such imperfective descriptions are processed or what motivates their use. This chapter investigates the conceptual impact of aspect, especially imperfective descriptions of past events, and argues that it shapes our understanding of events, and that its use and function is motivated by our everyday experience of perceiving and simulating events.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.10bai 06 10.1075/hcp.27.10bai 149 170 22 Article 10 01 04 Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure 01 04 The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model 1 A01 01 JB code 706143181 Annalisa Baicchi Baicchi, Annalisa Annalisa Baicchi University of Pavia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/706143181 01 eng 03 00

This chapter is concerned with the use of non-motion verbs in the caused-motion construction. Their literal or figurative motional interpretation is claimed to be motivated by high-level conceptual metaphors. Typically, these non-motion verbs are lexically intransitive and coerced into transitive verbs in the caused-motion construction. The goal of the paper to identify the constructional meanings of these verbs resulting from processes of metaphorization. These meaning constructions are analyzed within the theoretical frameworks of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Lexical-Constructional Model.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.11pel 06 10.1075/hcp.27.11pel 171 190 20 Article 11 01 04 Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell 1 A01 01 JB code 183143182 Peter Pelyvas Pelyvas, Peter Peter Pelyvas University of Debrecen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/183143182 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this paper is to find motivation (and perhaps also some of its limits) in grammatical structures associated with the English modal must and its Hungarian equivalent kell. Motivation is seen as coming from various ingredients of a conceptual structure associated with the modals that is assumed to be far more complex than was suggested in previous analyses of the 1990s. The view of modality offered here is more fine-grained in including participants and matching forces associated with them, especially in the deontic senses. The roles attributed to participants in conceptual structure can be seen as motivating alternative grammatical structures and, conversely, the presence of these structures can be taken as indirect evidence that the conceptual structure is valid. The correlation, however, has its limits as well. Some of the radical changes in conceptual structure resulting from the root to epistemic extension are at best marginally represented in grammatical structure. The paper also offers suggestions as to why this may be the case.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.12ueh 06 10.1075/hcp.27.12ueh 191 212 22 Article 12 01 04 The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese 1 A01 01 JB code 474143183 Satoshi Uehara Uehara, Satoshi Satoshi Uehara Tohoku University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/474143183 01 eng 03 00

The highly developed honorific systems in Korean and Japanese are functionally similar but differ with respect to non-subject referent honorifics, which indicate the speaker’s deference toward a non-subject referent participant in the event described. Korean expresses non-subject referent honorifics lexically, whereas Japanese expresses them morphologically. Moreover, the Korean pattern of non-subject referent honorifics is limited to a handful of verbs while the Japanese pattern is fairly productive. This paper compares expressions of honorifics for objectively identical situations in the two languages and argues that their different usages and productivities are motivated by socio-cultural factors.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.13pa2 06 10.1075/hcp.27.13pa2 Section header 13 01 04 Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.14tri 06 10.1075/hcp.27.14tri 215 232 18 Article 14 01 04 Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics 01 04 Cognitive reference points revisited Cognitive reference points revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 37143184 Elena Tribushinina Tribushinina, Elena Elena Tribushinina Utrecht University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37143184 01 eng 03 00

Reference-point reasoning is a pervasive cognitive phenomenon intrinsic to many domains of human activity. However, very little is known about linguistic aspects of this phenomenon. This paper elaborates the reference-point model by applying it to lexical semantics and, more specifically, to the semantics of dimensional adjectives. It is argued that a panoply of reference points may be used to anchor conceptual specifications of adjectives, prototypes being only a special case of the reference-point mechanism. For example, dimensional adjectives may be interpreted vis-à-vis an average value of the property (norm), endpoints of the scale and dimensions of the human body (ego). Each of these reference points motivates crucial semantic and functional properties of dimensional adjectives.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.15brd 06 10.1075/hcp.27.15brd 233 250 18 Article 15 01 04 Metonymy, metaphor and the "weekend frame of mind" Metonymy, metaphor and the “weekend frame of mind” 01 04 Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy 1 A01 01 JB code 415143185 Mario Brdar Brdar, Mario Mario Brdar University of Osijek 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/415143185 2 A01 01 JB code 699143186 Rita Brdar-Szabó Brdar-Szabó, Rita Rita Brdar-Szabó Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/699143186 01 eng 03 00

A series of corpus-based case studies on the availability of metonymically used proper names in the language of media, where the name of a capital is used to refer indirectly to the government, shows that this particular type of metonymy is available in Hungarian and Croatian but underused in comparison with English and German. The picture is all the more puzzling because the distribution of metonymies is very uneven in Hungarian and Croatian – some texts exhibiting hardly any such metonymies while they abound in some other texts. When examined along the temporal dimension, the data reveal a cyclic variation in the availability of these metonymies, with productivity regularly peaking at the weekend. These contrasts appear to be ultimately motivated by the workings of a cultural model whose essential ingredient is a correlation obtaining between two very general conceptual metaphors: time is space and social and mental world is physical world.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.16mar 06 10.1075/hcp.27.16mar 251 268 18 Article 16 01 04 Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? 01 04 The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 56143187 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/56143187 01 eng 03 00

This paper is concerned with motivation and transparency in the lexicon. After a theoretical discussion of motivation, the author presents an empirical study that focuses on the motivation of formally simple and complex polysemous Italian words. It is shown that the motivatability of polysemous words does not depend on formal complexity alone, but also on the cognitive relation (metaphor vs. metonymy) that connects the meanings of a polysemous word.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.17umb 06 10.1075/hcp.27.17umb 269 286 18 Article 17 01 04 Motivational networks Motivational networks 01 04 An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon 1 A01 01 JB code 629143188 Birgit Umbreit Umbreit, Birgit Birgit Umbreit University of Stuttgart 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/629143188 01 eng 03 00

The notion motivational network is proposed to describe the existence of various possibilities of motivation for a given form. As shown in questionnaire studies, this phenomenon is quite common for non-linguist native speakers. But the notion of motivational network is also justified from a cognitive perspective: in the mental lexicon, words in a word family are structured as multidirectional networks, resulting in the co-activation of all family members. Thus, the coexistence of various equally salient motivational partners should not be regarded as exceptional but rather as the default case in lexical motivation.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.18san 06 10.1075/hcp.27.18san 287 298 12 Article 18 01 04 The "meaning-full" vocabulary of English and German The “meaning-full” vocabulary of English and German 01 04 An empirical study on lexical motivatability An empirical study on lexical motivatability 1 A01 01 JB code 7143189 Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer Sanchez-Stockhammer, Christina Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/7143189 01 eng 03 00

It is widely believed that only a small part of the English vocabulary is analyzable into constituents that are both formally and semantically related to the meaning of the complex word. De Saussure (1916) already described English as a langue lexicologique, a phenomenon that Leisi (1955) attributes to the large proportion of Romance words that have become part of the originally Germanic English language. Leisi concludes that, in contrast to German, many words of contemporary English are not integrated into any word family.This paper presents the results of a research project in which the motivatability of the 2,500 most frequent English and German words is investigated. The approach adopted here distinguishes the four categories of ‘fully motivatable’, ‘partially motivatable’, ‘unmotivatable but transparent’ and ‘fully unmotivatable’ words. The two most important findings of the study are: (i) the German vocabulary is in fact more motivatable than the English vocabulary – if only marginally so, and (ii) the non-native origin of a word has no negative effect on its motivatability.

01 01 JB code hcp.27.19nam 06 10.1075/hcp.27.19nam 299 302 4 Miscellaneous 19 01 04 Name index Name index 01 eng 01 01 JB code hcp.27.20sub 06 10.1075/hcp.27.20sub 303 306 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.27 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20110629 C 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 78 9 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 90.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 76.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 78 9 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 135.00 USD
843014606 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code HCP 27 GE 15 9789027287021 06 10.1075/hcp.27 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code HCP 02 JB code 1387-6724 02 27.00 01 02 Human Cognitive Processing Human Cognitive Processing 01 01 Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon 1 B01 01 JB code 5136103 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 2 B01 01 JB code 74136104 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 01 eng 11 314 03 03 vii 03 00 306 03 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.COGPSY Cognitive linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 01 06 02 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes, and - mediated through cognition - by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. This volume is of interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 03 00 Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes such as categorizing, framing, inferencing, associative (metonymic), and analogical (metaphorical) thinking, and – mediated through cognition – by bodily experience, emotion, perception, action, social/communicative interaction, culture, and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. The contributors to the present volume demonstrate how these language-independent factors motivate grammar and the lexicon in a variety of languages such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian, Croatian, Japanese, and Korean. The volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hcp.27.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027223814.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027223814.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hcp.27.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hcp.27.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hcp.27.hb.png 01 01 JB code hcp.27.01pre 06 10.1075/hcp.27.01pre vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 01 JB code hcp.27.02pan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.02pan 1 26 26 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Reflections on motivation revisited Reflections on motivation revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 82143172 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther University of Hamburg 2 A01 01 JB code 725143173 Günter Radden Radden, Günter Günter Radden University of Hamburg 01 01 JB code hcp.27.03pa1 06 10.1075/hcp.27.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Motivation in grammar Part I. Motivation in grammar 01 01 JB code hcp.27.04lan 06 10.1075/hcp.27.04lan 29 48 20 Article 4 01 04 Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary 1 A01 01 JB code 145143174 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker University of California, San Diego 01 01 JB code hcp.27.05che 06 10.1075/hcp.27.05che 49 70 22 Article 5 01 04 The mind as ground The mind as ground 01 04 A study of the English existential construction A study of the English existential construction 1 A01 01 JB code 598143175 Rong Chen Chen, Rong Rong Chen California State University, San BernardinoXI’an International Studies University 01 01 JB code hcp.27.06bro 06 10.1075/hcp.27.06bro 71 88 18 Article 6 01 04 Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs 1 A01 01 JB code 37143176 Cristiano Broccias Broccias, Cristiano Cristiano Broccias Università di Genova 01 01 JB code hcp.27.07hay 06 10.1075/hcp.27.07hay 89 106 18 Article 7 01 04 The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English 1 A01 01 JB code 426143177 Naoko Hayase Hayase, Naoko Naoko Hayase Osaka University 01 01 JB code hcp.27.08izu 06 10.1075/hcp.27.08izu 107 132 26 Article 8 01 04 What motivates an inference? What motivates an inference? 01 04 The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP The emergence of CONTRAST/CONCESSIVE from TEMPORAL/SPATIAL OVERLAP 1 A01 01 JB code 785143178 Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita Mitsuko Narita Izutsu Fuji Women’s University 2 A01 01 JB code 56143179 Katsunobu Izutsu Izutsu, Katsunobu Katsunobu Izutsu Hokkaido University of Education at Asahikawa 01 01 JB code hcp.27.09mat 06 10.1075/hcp.27.09mat 133 148 16 Article 9 01 04 The conceptual motivation of aspect The conceptual motivation of aspect 1 A01 01 JB code 352143180 Teenie Matlock Matlock, Teenie Teenie Matlock University of California, Merced 01 01 JB code hcp.27.10bai 06 10.1075/hcp.27.10bai 149 170 22 Article 10 01 04 Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure 01 04 The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model The caused-motion construction from the perspective of the Lexical-Constructional Model 1 A01 01 JB code 706143181 Annalisa Baicchi Baicchi, Annalisa Annalisa Baicchi University of Pavia 01 01 JB code hcp.27.11pel 06 10.1075/hcp.27.11pel 171 190 20 Article 11 01 04 Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell 1 A01 01 JB code 183143182 Peter Pelyvas Pelyvas, Peter Peter Pelyvas University of Debrecen 01 01 JB code hcp.27.12ueh 06 10.1075/hcp.27.12ueh 191 212 22 Article 12 01 04 The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese 1 A01 01 JB code 474143183 Satoshi Uehara Uehara, Satoshi Satoshi Uehara Tohoku University 01 01 JB code hcp.27.13pa2 06 10.1075/hcp.27.13pa2 Section header 13 01 04 Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon 01 01 JB code hcp.27.14tri 06 10.1075/hcp.27.14tri 215 232 18 Article 14 01 04 Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics 01 04 Cognitive reference points revisited Cognitive reference points revisited 1 A01 01 JB code 37143184 Elena Tribushinina Tribushinina, Elena Elena Tribushinina Utrecht University 01 01 JB code hcp.27.15brd 06 10.1075/hcp.27.15brd 233 250 18 Article 15 01 04 Metonymy, metaphor and the "weekend frame of mind" Metonymy, metaphor and the “weekend frame of mind” 01 04 Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy Towards motivating the micro-variation in the use of one type of metonymy 1 A01 01 JB code 415143185 Mario Brdar Brdar, Mario Mario Brdar University of Osijek 2 A01 01 JB code 699143186 Rita Brdar-Szabó Brdar-Szabó, Rita Rita Brdar-Szabó Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 01 01 JB code hcp.27.16mar 06 10.1075/hcp.27.16mar 251 268 18 Article 16 01 04 Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? 01 04 The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon The implications of metaphor- and metonymy-based polysemy for transparency in the lexicon 1 A01 01 JB code 56143187 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart 01 01 JB code hcp.27.17umb 06 10.1075/hcp.27.17umb 269 286 18 Article 17 01 04 Motivational networks Motivational networks 01 04 An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon An empirically supported cognitive phenomenon 1 A01 01 JB code 629143188 Birgit Umbreit Umbreit, Birgit Birgit Umbreit University of Stuttgart 01 01 JB code hcp.27.18san 06 10.1075/hcp.27.18san 287 298 12 Article 18 01 04 The "meaning-full" vocabulary of English and German The “meaning-full” vocabulary of English and German 01 04 An empirical study on lexical motivatability An empirical study on lexical motivatability 1 A01 01 JB code 7143189 Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer Sanchez-Stockhammer, Christina Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 01 01 JB code hcp.27.19nam 06 10.1075/hcp.27.19nam 299 302 4 Miscellaneous 19 01 04 Name index Name index 01 01 JB code hcp.27.20sub 06 10.1075/hcp.27.20sub 303 306 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20110629 C 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2011 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027223814 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 76.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 135.00 USD