Most linguistic and cognitive representations of space depend on frames of reference (FoRs). We show that FoRs play an equally important role in representations of the orientation of entities and representations of their location and direction of motion. We propose that orientation is conceptually encoded, not in terms of metaphorical path functions (Jackendoff 1983), but in terms of. Equipped with the notion of vectors, we introduce a distinction between two classes of FoRs: classical “angular-anchored” FoRs and the previously unrecognised “head-anchored” FoRs. In English, angular-anchored relative FoRs dominate in both locative and orientation descriptions. In contrast, in Seri and Yucatec, two indigenous languages of Mexico, object-centred angular-anchored FoRs dominate in locative descriptions, but head-anchored FoRs dominate in orientation descriptions.
Beller, Sieghard, Judith Bohlen, Lisa Hüther & Andrea Bender
2016. Perspective taking in referring to objects behind versus in front of an observer: Frames of reference, intraindividual consistency, and response latencies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 69:7 ► pp. 1384 ff.
Beller, Sieghard, Henrik Singmann, Lisa Hüther & Andrea Bender
2015. Turn around to have a look? Spatial referencing in dorsal vs. frontal settings in cross-linguistic comparison. Frontiers in Psychology 6
2019. Restrictions on the Usage of Spatial Frames of Reference in Location and Orientation Descriptions: Evidence from Three Australian Languages. Australian Journal of Linguistics 39:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Lum, Jonathon
2021. The intrinsic frame of reference and the Dhivehi ‘FIBO’ system. Cognitive Linguistics 32:4 ► pp. 703 ff.
Lum, Jonathon, Bill Palmer, Jonathan Schlossberg & Alice Gaby
2022. Diversity in representing space within and between language communities. Linguistics Vanguard 8:s1 ► pp. 1 ff.
MOORE, KEVIN EZRA
2017. Elaborating time in space: the structure and function of space–motion metaphors of time. Language and Cognition 9:2 ► pp. 191 ff.
Nagaya, Naonori
2022. Directionals, topography, and cultural construals of landscape in Lamaholot. Linguistics Vanguard 8:s1 ► pp. 25 ff.
Nikitina, Tatiana
2018. Frames of reference in discourse: Spatial descriptions in Bashkir (Turkic)
. Cognitive Linguistics 29:3 ► pp. 495 ff.
Palmer, Bill, Dorothea Hoffmann, Joe Blythe, Alice Gaby, Bill Pascoe & Maïa Ponsonnet
2022. Frames of spatial reference in five Australian languages. Spatial Cognition & Computation 22:3-4 ► pp. 225 ff.
Stock, Kristin, Christopher B. Jones & Thora Tenbrink
2022. Speaking of location: a review of spatial language research. Spatial Cognition & Computation 22:3-4 ► pp. 185 ff.
Wilke, Fiona, Andrea Bender & Sieghard Beller
2019. Flexibility in adopting relative frames of reference in dorsal and lateral settings. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72:10 ► pp. 2393 ff.
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