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7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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onix@benjamins.nl
201707271334
ONIX title feed
eng
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EUR
788017569
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Human Cognitive Processing
59
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Motion and Space across Languages
Theory and applications
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hcp.59
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https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.59
1
B01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
University of Zaragoza
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eng
474
xiv
460
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
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LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
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LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
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LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
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LIN.TYP
Typology
06
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This volume offers a unique combination of interdisciplinary research and a comprehensive overview of motion and space studies from a semantic typological perspective. The chapters present cutting-edge research covering central topics such as the status of semantic components in motion event descriptions and their role in typological variation, the function of linguistic multimodal structures for the codification of motion, the diachronic evolution of motion expressions and its effects on motion typologies, the correspondences between physical and non-physical (fictive, metaphorical) motion, and the impact of contexts and genres on the characterization and interpretation of motion events. These issues are examined from a theoretical and applied linguistic perspective (L1–L2 acquisition, translation/interpreting). The analyses make use of diachronic and synchronic data collected by a range of methods (elicitation, experimentation, and corpus research) in more than fifteen languages. All in all, this book will be of great value to scholars and students interested in the expression of motion and space across languages.
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Editor and contributors
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12
12
Chapter
2
01
Foreword. Past, present, and future of motion research
1
A01
Leonard Talmy
Talmy, Leonard
Leonard
Talmy
SUNY, Buffalo
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.02iba
13
36
24
Chapter
3
01
Introduction. Motion and semantic typology
A hot old topic with exciting caveats
1
A01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Universidad de Zaragoza
10
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JB code
hcp.59.p1
Section header
4
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Part I. Delving into motion event typology
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.03aki
39
60
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 1. The typology of manner expressions
A preliminary look
1
A01
Kimi Akita
Akita, Kimi
Kimi
Akita
Nagoya University
20
English
20
event inherence
20
expressiveness
20
grain size
20
ideophones
20
Japanese
01
The morphosyntax of manner expressions has attracted less attention than that of path expressions in the framing typology. Drawing primarily on experimental and quantitative data in Japanese and English, we propose and examine three parameters in the complex typology of manner expressions. It is argued that coarse-grained, event-inherent manners that the speaker does not intend to stress (e.g. normal running) are more likely to be realized in tight morphosyntactic constructions headed by manner verbs than fine-grained, event-concomitant manners that the speaker intends to stress (e.g. an annoying and characteristic shout of a jogger). The proposed parameters appear to share an iconic, communicative motivation that links pragmatic prominence with morphosyntactic prominence.
10
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hcp.59.04hic
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94
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Chapter
6
01
Chapter 2. Expressing and categorizing motion in French and English
Verbal and non-verbal cognition across languages
1
A01
Maya Hickmann
Hickmann, Maya
Maya
Hickmann
†
CNRS & University of Paris 8
2
A01
Helen Engemann
Engemann, Helen
Helen
Engemann
University of Mannheim
3
A01
Efstathia Soroli
Soroli, Efstathia
Efstathia
Soroli
University of Lille 3
4
A01
Henriëtte Hendriks
Hendriks, Henriëtte
Henriëtte
Hendriks
University of Cambridge
5
A01
Coralie Vincent
Vincent, Coralie
Coralie
Vincent
CNRS & University of Paris 8
20
categorization
20
lexicalization
20
Manner (of motion)
20
Path (of motion)
20
spatial cognition
20
typology
01
Language-specific properties influence motion expression (Slobin 2004; Talmy 2000), but it is still debated whether they also influence non-verbal spatial cognition. We compare how English and French speakers perform three tasks involving motion events: <i>non-verbal categorization</i> based on cartoons during a dual task (articulatory suppression); <i>verbal categorization</i> involving target sentences; and <i>descriptions of motion events</i>. Descriptions show more manner expression in English and variation in both groups as a function of event properties. However, both groups frequently choose Path as categorization criterion, particularly in verbal categorization, but language effects do show that English speakers are more sensitive to event properties. Thus, typology has a strong impact on verbal cognition but also a partial influence on non-verbal cognition that must be taken into account in future research on the relation between language and thought.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.05mat
95
122
28
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 3. The functional nature of deictic verbs and the coding patterns of Deixis
An experimental study in English, Japanese, and Thai
1
A01
Yo Matsumoto
Matsumoto, Yo
Yo
Matsumoto
Kobe University
2
A01
Kimi Akita
Akita, Kimi
Kimi
Akita
Nagoya University
3
A01
Kiyoko Takahashi
Takahashi, Kiyoko
Kiyoko
Takahashi
Kanda University of International Studies
20
deictic verbs
20
functional space
20
motion
20
Path
20
video experiment
01
This chapter examines the nature of linguistic expressions of Deixis, which is often coded somewhat differently from other components of Path. It is argued that deictic verbs like <i>come</i> are not merely spatial in meaning but also functional. Results of a video-based experiment in English, Japanese, and Thai are reported. These revealed that venitive verbs tend to be used more often when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her space as defined by limits on interaction and visibility, and that they can be used for motion off the direction of the speaker if it is into the speaker’s functional space. Directional venitive PPs like <i>toward me</i> do not clearly have such properties. The functional nature of deictic verbs can account for the distinct coding patterns of Deixis among different Path components.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.06iba
123
150
28
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 4. The importance of minority languages in motion event typology
The case of Aragonese and Catalan
1
A01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
University of Zaragoza
2
A01
Alberto Hijazo-Gascón
Hijazo-Gascón, Alberto
Alberto
Hijazo-Gascón
University of East Anglia
3
A01
María-Teresa Moret-Oliver
Moret-Oliver, María-Teresa
María-Teresa
Moret-Oliver
Universidad de Zaragoza
20
Aragonese
20
Catalan
20
minority languages
20
motion events
01
Romance languages have been classified as verb-framed languages in Talmy’s typology (1991, 2000). However, it has been argued that languages with the same genetic affiliation and/or within the same typological group do not necessarily show the same behavior when it comes to describe motion events, that is, there is intratypological variation (see Goschler and Stefanowitsch 2013). This paper examines how speakers of Aragonese and Catalan, two Romance minority languages of Aragón (Spain), talk about motion based on data from the frog story. We conclude that there is no intratypological variation with respect to Manner of motion. As expected in verb-framed languages, both languages hardly describe this component either in detail or frequently. However, as far as Path is concerned, Catalan and, especially, Aragonese, can be regarded as high-path salient languages. Speakers describe this component in detail by means of pleonastic locative adverbial structures, complete path constructions, and adverbial pronouns.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.07mos
151
176
26
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 5. Latin to Ancient Italian motion constructions
A complex typological shift
1
A01
Monica Mosca
Mosca, Monica
Monica
Mosca
DISUM - UNIUPO
20
Ancient Italian motion constructions
20
Ancient Italian prepositions
20
Latin motion constructions
20
Latin prepositions
20
typological shift
01
Cognitive linguists traditionally view the evolution of motion constructions from Latin to Italian as a typological change from an S-framed to a V-framed language. Empirical data from some Late Latin travel reports and the Early Italian texts made available by the <i>Opera del Vocabolario Italiano</i> (OVI) show, instead, that the observed linguistic changes naturally follow from a rearrangement of the balance between the elements involved since Classical Latin (verb prefixes, prepositions, cases). Each motion schema has evolved according to idiosyncratic lines, thus yielding the present variety of motion expressions. It is, therefore, more appropriate to view this evolution as a restructuring of a single linguistic type, characterized by the variety of constructions and the instability of many of them.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.08hub
177
204
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Chapter
10
01
Chapter 6. The early life of borrowed path verbs in English
1
A01
Judith Huber
Huber, Judith
Judith
Huber
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
20
borrowing
20
Middle English
20
Old English
20
translation
01
In the Middle English period, a number of pure path verbs (e.g. <i>enter, issue, descend, ascend</i>) were borrowed from French and Latin into English. An analysis of the Old and Middle English motion verb inventory reveals that before this, pure path verbs hardly existed; an analysis of <i>c.</i> 1,000 Old and Middle English motion descriptions shows that path information is typically expressed outside the verb. The borrowed path verbs are therefore a new pattern in the Middle English system of talking about motion. By comparing their use in autonomous Middle English texts and in texts translated from French or Latin, I show that in autonomous texts, they are more restricted to non-literal motion (such as ‘descend from one’s ancestors’) and to specific types of literal motion, while in the translations, they are more freely used for general literal motion.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.09bol
205
228
24
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 7. Non-actual motion in language and experience
1
A01
Johan Blomberg
Blomberg, Johan
Johan
Blomberg
Lund University
20
fictive motion
20
motion semantics
20
semantic typology
20
subjective motion
01
Dynamic descriptions of static situations, e.g. <i>The road goes through the forest</i>, have attracted a lot of attention in semantics. In cognitive linguistics, terms such as “fictive motion” and “subjective motion” are often used to describe such sentences. While these terms are taken to be largely synonymous, I argue that they are analytically different, and furthermore point to different possible experiential motivations behind this phenomenon. This leads to the pluralistic and integrative framework of “non-actual motion”. Within this framework, an elicitation study with speakers of Swedish, French, and Thai was designed and conducted. The results suggest that non-actual motion expressions are conventionalized in all three languages. The language-specific resources for expressing actual motion are used, but with elements suggesting actual motion demoted.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.10cab
229
254
26
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 8. Metaphorical motion constructions across specialized genres
1
A01
Rosario Caballero
Caballero, Rosario
Rosario
Caballero
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
20
conceptual metaphor
20
genre
20
image metaphor
20
metaphorical motion
20
sensory data
20
synaesthesia
01
In this paper I discuss the metaphorical motivation of the figurative – fictive and metaphorical – motion constructions found in architecture, wine, and tennis texts as the preliminary step to argue for the need to adopt a discourse approach to exploring fictive motion in general. My main contention is that in order to explore this phenomenon particular attention needs to be paid to the topic(s) thus predicated, the users of the metaphors (bringing in the discourse communities they belong to), and the characteristics of the discourses and genre(s) where the expressions are used.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.p2
Section header
13
01
Part II. Expanding motion event typology
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.11ozc
257
278
22
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 9. <i>Crossing the road</i> or <i>crossing the mind</i>
How differently do we move across physical and metaphorical spaces in speech and in gesture?
1
A01
Şeyda Özçalışkan
Özçalışkan, Şeyda
Şeyda
Özçalışkan
Georgia State University
2
A01
Lauren J. Stites
Stites, Lauren J.
Lauren J.
Stites
Georgia State University
3
A01
Samantha N. Emerson
Emerson, Samantha N.
Samantha N.
Emerson
Georgia State University
20
crosslinguistic variation
20
gesture
20
metaphorical motion
20
physical motion
20
spatial language
01
Physical motion constitutes a key aspect of human sensorimotor experience; it also serves as an important experiential domain with which we structure abstract concepts. Moreover, speakers of different languages both talk and gesture about physical motion (e.g. <i>Boy runs through park</i>) in systematically different ways – a pattern of crosslinguistic variation that also applies to metaphorical extensions of motion (e.g. <i>Idea runs through mind</i>). Review of existing research – with methods ranging from more explicit verbal descriptions to more implicit indices of underlying mental processes, including gesture – suggests that sensorimotor experience (i.e. physical motion) and the linguistic expression of this experience in a particular language may play important roles in shaping our expression and conceptualization of more abstract concepts (i.e. metaphorical motion).
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.12cad
279
300
22
Chapter
15
01
Chapter 10. Thinking for speaking about motion in a second language
Looking back and forward
1
A01
Teresa Cadierno
Cadierno, Teresa
Teresa
Cadierno
University of Southern Denmark
20
motion
20
second language
20
thinking for speaking
01
The present chapter discusses Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis and Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000) motion event typology in relation to the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter is divided into four sections. After the introduction, I provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical bases of thinking for speaking in relation to the semantic domain of motion. Then, I classify previous work on motion and SLA on the basis of a series of criteria, and I review some of the main findings of this research. Finally, I suggest future lines of research in this area of investigation.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.13hij
301
328
28
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 11. Motion event contrasts in Romance languages
Deixis in Spanish as a second language
1
A01
Alberto Hijazo-Gascón
Hijazo-Gascón, Alberto
Alberto
Hijazo-Gascón
University of East Anglia
20
caused-motion
20
Deixis
20
Path
20
Romance languages
20
second language acquisition
01
This chapter explores language contrasts among Romance languages in the semantic domain of motion events. Romance languages are verb-framed languages in the typology of motion events by Talmy (1985, 2000). However, some intratypological differences have been observed among them, regarding the expression of certain components such as Path, Cause, and Deixis. The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, it discusses how these semantic contrasts have implications for the theoretical framework of the study of motion events. Second, it examines how these intratypological contrasts impact on the acquisition of a second language by speakers of a typologically-close and genetically-related language. This is illustrated with examples from Spanish as a second language by native speakers of French and Italian.
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JB code
hcp.59.14sta
329
366
38
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 12. Verb-framed, satellite-framed or in between?
A L2 learner’s thinking for speaking in her L1 and L2 over 14 years
1
A01
Gale Stam
Stam, Gale
Gale
Stam
National Louis University
20
English
20
gesture
20
L2 acquisition
20
motion events
20
Spanish
20
speech
20
thinking for speaking
01
Crosslinguistic research on motion events shows that Spanish and English speakers have different patterns of thinking for speaking about motion in speech and gesture (Stam 2015). Spanish speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with verbs, while English speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with satellites. This chapter investigates whether a second language learner’s thinking for speaking patterns about motion continued to change in her L1 (Spanish) and L2 (English) over a 14-year period. The results indicate that the learner’s gestural expression of Path changed in both her L1 and L2, and her gestural expression of Manner changed in her L2. This change suggests that a pattern acquired in childhood may not be resistant to change after all (Slobin 1996).
10
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JB code
hcp.59.15roj
367
398
32
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 13. On the reception of translations
Exploring the impact of typological differences on legal contexts
1
A01
Ana María Rojo López
Rojo López, Ana María
Ana María
Rojo López
Universidad de Murcia
2
A01
Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Cifuentes-Férez, Paula
Paula
Cifuentes-Férez
Universidad de Murcia
20
degree of violence
20
Manner of motion
20
translation process
20
translation product
01
Three experiments are designed to test the effects that the loss of manner information may have on the translation of crime accounts. The first two experiments hypothesize that losing Manner in the Spanish translation of an English crime description will elicit a less severe judgment of the offense than that elicited by a translation that reproduces a higher degree of manner information. Results reveal significant differences between the two versions except for those cases that involve an extremely high degree of violence. The third experiment shifts the focus from reception to the product and process of translation, investigating what professional interpreters do when requested to interpret a crime account. General results from the three experiments suggest that manner information influences the audience’s judgments on the degree of criminal violence involved.
10
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JB code
hcp.59.16fil
399
418
20
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 14. Applying language typology
Practical applications of research on typological contrasts between languages
1
A01
Luna Filipović
Filipović, Luna
Luna
Filipović
University of East Anglia
20
applied language typology
20
deixis
20
forensic linguistics
20
Serbian
20
Spanish
01
This chapter illustrates the benefits of applying insights from language typologies in order to afford better understanding of both theoretical and practical implications of language contrasts. It examines the practical consequences of certain typological contrasts for different professional contexts of communication, such as translation, second language acquisition and teaching, and the law. For the purpose of the present volume we focus on the cognitive domain of motion. Our analysis of the relevant motion event lexicalization phenomena is based on the three central criteria that underlie the research within Applied Language Typology (ALT): (i) presence versus absence of lexical and grammatical categories, (ii) more versus less restrictive lexical and grammatical categories, and (iii) complementarity in the distribution of categories. In this chapter, we discuss a select number of examples of lexicalization of motion and dynamic spatial relations (e.g. speaker and Figure positioning) across typologically different languages and we show how the ALT criteria enable us to identify exact points where language constrasts cause practical difficulty. Finally, we suggest future directions for ALT research that benefits both academic researchers and language practitioners alike.
10
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419
446
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Chapter
20
01
Afterword. Typologies and language use
1
A01
Dan I. Slobin
Slobin, Dan I.
Dan I.
Slobin
University of California, Berkeley
20
diachronic linguistics
20
language contact
20
linguistic typology
20
motion events
01
The study of encoding of motion events is best approached as a search for potentially interacting factors, linguistic and non-linguistic. Every language presents a cluster of typological variables. In the domain of motion events, sets of variables co-occur in at least two major patterns (verb‑ and satellite-framed). These types are idealizations of a range of diverse solutions to encoding dimensions of Path and Manner. However, the more we probe linguistic expressions of motion events, the more we uncover mixed types, indeterminate types, hybrid forms, and changes in progress. Numerous factors can act to limit or modify the expression of typological potentials – that is, patterns of language use that are predicted by the typological categorization of a language. The encoding of Path and Manner is not carried out independently of a language’s morphosyntactic and morphophonological characteristics. Data of historical linguistics, language contact, and translation are beginning to reveal interactions of factors over time. Suggestive findings demonstrate diachronic transitions between language types (with examples from Latin and Romance languages, Slavic languages, Chinese), as well as changes in the manner verb lexicon over time (English, Italian).
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21
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Author index
10
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453
457
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Miscellaneous
22
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Subject index
10
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459
460
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Miscellaneous
23
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Language index
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xii
xiv
3
Miscellaneous
24
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Editor and contributors
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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20170814
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
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Human Cognitive Processing
59
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Motion and Space across Languages
Theory and applications
01
hcp.59
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https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.59
1
B01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
University of Zaragoza
01
eng
474
xiv
460
LAN016000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SEMAN
Semantics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.TYP
Typology
06
01
This volume offers a unique combination of interdisciplinary research and a comprehensive overview of motion and space studies from a semantic typological perspective. The chapters present cutting-edge research covering central topics such as the status of semantic components in motion event descriptions and their role in typological variation, the function of linguistic multimodal structures for the codification of motion, the diachronic evolution of motion expressions and its effects on motion typologies, the correspondences between physical and non-physical (fictive, metaphorical) motion, and the impact of contexts and genres on the characterization and interpretation of motion events. These issues are examined from a theoretical and applied linguistic perspective (L1–L2 acquisition, translation/interpreting). The analyses make use of diachronic and synchronic data collected by a range of methods (elicitation, experimentation, and corpus research) in more than fifteen languages. All in all, this book will be of great value to scholars and students interested in the expression of motion and space across languages.
04
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Editor and contributors
10
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12
12
Chapter
2
01
Foreword. Past, present, and future of motion research
1
A01
Leonard Talmy
Talmy, Leonard
Leonard
Talmy
SUNY, Buffalo
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.02iba
13
36
24
Chapter
3
01
Introduction. Motion and semantic typology
A hot old topic with exciting caveats
1
A01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Universidad de Zaragoza
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.p1
Section header
4
01
Part I. Delving into motion event typology
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.03aki
39
60
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 1. The typology of manner expressions
A preliminary look
1
A01
Kimi Akita
Akita, Kimi
Kimi
Akita
Nagoya University
20
English
20
event inherence
20
expressiveness
20
grain size
20
ideophones
20
Japanese
01
The morphosyntax of manner expressions has attracted less attention than that of path expressions in the framing typology. Drawing primarily on experimental and quantitative data in Japanese and English, we propose and examine three parameters in the complex typology of manner expressions. It is argued that coarse-grained, event-inherent manners that the speaker does not intend to stress (e.g. normal running) are more likely to be realized in tight morphosyntactic constructions headed by manner verbs than fine-grained, event-concomitant manners that the speaker intends to stress (e.g. an annoying and characteristic shout of a jogger). The proposed parameters appear to share an iconic, communicative motivation that links pragmatic prominence with morphosyntactic prominence.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.04hic
61
94
34
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 2. Expressing and categorizing motion in French and English
Verbal and non-verbal cognition across languages
1
A01
Maya Hickmann
Hickmann, Maya
Maya
Hickmann
†
CNRS & University of Paris 8
2
A01
Helen Engemann
Engemann, Helen
Helen
Engemann
University of Mannheim
3
A01
Efstathia Soroli
Soroli, Efstathia
Efstathia
Soroli
University of Lille 3
4
A01
Henriëtte Hendriks
Hendriks, Henriëtte
Henriëtte
Hendriks
University of Cambridge
5
A01
Coralie Vincent
Vincent, Coralie
Coralie
Vincent
CNRS & University of Paris 8
20
categorization
20
lexicalization
20
Manner (of motion)
20
Path (of motion)
20
spatial cognition
20
typology
01
Language-specific properties influence motion expression (Slobin 2004; Talmy 2000), but it is still debated whether they also influence non-verbal spatial cognition. We compare how English and French speakers perform three tasks involving motion events: <i>non-verbal categorization</i> based on cartoons during a dual task (articulatory suppression); <i>verbal categorization</i> involving target sentences; and <i>descriptions of motion events</i>. Descriptions show more manner expression in English and variation in both groups as a function of event properties. However, both groups frequently choose Path as categorization criterion, particularly in verbal categorization, but language effects do show that English speakers are more sensitive to event properties. Thus, typology has a strong impact on verbal cognition but also a partial influence on non-verbal cognition that must be taken into account in future research on the relation between language and thought.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.05mat
95
122
28
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 3. The functional nature of deictic verbs and the coding patterns of Deixis
An experimental study in English, Japanese, and Thai
1
A01
Yo Matsumoto
Matsumoto, Yo
Yo
Matsumoto
Kobe University
2
A01
Kimi Akita
Akita, Kimi
Kimi
Akita
Nagoya University
3
A01
Kiyoko Takahashi
Takahashi, Kiyoko
Kiyoko
Takahashi
Kanda University of International Studies
20
deictic verbs
20
functional space
20
motion
20
Path
20
video experiment
01
This chapter examines the nature of linguistic expressions of Deixis, which is often coded somewhat differently from other components of Path. It is argued that deictic verbs like <i>come</i> are not merely spatial in meaning but also functional. Results of a video-based experiment in English, Japanese, and Thai are reported. These revealed that venitive verbs tend to be used more often when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her space as defined by limits on interaction and visibility, and that they can be used for motion off the direction of the speaker if it is into the speaker’s functional space. Directional venitive PPs like <i>toward me</i> do not clearly have such properties. The functional nature of deictic verbs can account for the distinct coding patterns of Deixis among different Path components.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.06iba
123
150
28
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 4. The importance of minority languages in motion event typology
The case of Aragonese and Catalan
1
A01
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide
Iraide
Ibarretxe-Antuñano
University of Zaragoza
2
A01
Alberto Hijazo-Gascón
Hijazo-Gascón, Alberto
Alberto
Hijazo-Gascón
University of East Anglia
3
A01
María-Teresa Moret-Oliver
Moret-Oliver, María-Teresa
María-Teresa
Moret-Oliver
Universidad de Zaragoza
20
Aragonese
20
Catalan
20
minority languages
20
motion events
01
Romance languages have been classified as verb-framed languages in Talmy’s typology (1991, 2000). However, it has been argued that languages with the same genetic affiliation and/or within the same typological group do not necessarily show the same behavior when it comes to describe motion events, that is, there is intratypological variation (see Goschler and Stefanowitsch 2013). This paper examines how speakers of Aragonese and Catalan, two Romance minority languages of Aragón (Spain), talk about motion based on data from the frog story. We conclude that there is no intratypological variation with respect to Manner of motion. As expected in verb-framed languages, both languages hardly describe this component either in detail or frequently. However, as far as Path is concerned, Catalan and, especially, Aragonese, can be regarded as high-path salient languages. Speakers describe this component in detail by means of pleonastic locative adverbial structures, complete path constructions, and adverbial pronouns.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.07mos
151
176
26
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 5. Latin to Ancient Italian motion constructions
A complex typological shift
1
A01
Monica Mosca
Mosca, Monica
Monica
Mosca
DISUM - UNIUPO
20
Ancient Italian motion constructions
20
Ancient Italian prepositions
20
Latin motion constructions
20
Latin prepositions
20
typological shift
01
Cognitive linguists traditionally view the evolution of motion constructions from Latin to Italian as a typological change from an S-framed to a V-framed language. Empirical data from some Late Latin travel reports and the Early Italian texts made available by the <i>Opera del Vocabolario Italiano</i> (OVI) show, instead, that the observed linguistic changes naturally follow from a rearrangement of the balance between the elements involved since Classical Latin (verb prefixes, prepositions, cases). Each motion schema has evolved according to idiosyncratic lines, thus yielding the present variety of motion expressions. It is, therefore, more appropriate to view this evolution as a restructuring of a single linguistic type, characterized by the variety of constructions and the instability of many of them.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.08hub
177
204
28
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 6. The early life of borrowed path verbs in English
1
A01
Judith Huber
Huber, Judith
Judith
Huber
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
20
borrowing
20
Middle English
20
Old English
20
translation
01
In the Middle English period, a number of pure path verbs (e.g. <i>enter, issue, descend, ascend</i>) were borrowed from French and Latin into English. An analysis of the Old and Middle English motion verb inventory reveals that before this, pure path verbs hardly existed; an analysis of <i>c.</i> 1,000 Old and Middle English motion descriptions shows that path information is typically expressed outside the verb. The borrowed path verbs are therefore a new pattern in the Middle English system of talking about motion. By comparing their use in autonomous Middle English texts and in texts translated from French or Latin, I show that in autonomous texts, they are more restricted to non-literal motion (such as ‘descend from one’s ancestors’) and to specific types of literal motion, while in the translations, they are more freely used for general literal motion.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.09bol
205
228
24
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 7. Non-actual motion in language and experience
1
A01
Johan Blomberg
Blomberg, Johan
Johan
Blomberg
Lund University
20
fictive motion
20
motion semantics
20
semantic typology
20
subjective motion
01
Dynamic descriptions of static situations, e.g. <i>The road goes through the forest</i>, have attracted a lot of attention in semantics. In cognitive linguistics, terms such as “fictive motion” and “subjective motion” are often used to describe such sentences. While these terms are taken to be largely synonymous, I argue that they are analytically different, and furthermore point to different possible experiential motivations behind this phenomenon. This leads to the pluralistic and integrative framework of “non-actual motion”. Within this framework, an elicitation study with speakers of Swedish, French, and Thai was designed and conducted. The results suggest that non-actual motion expressions are conventionalized in all three languages. The language-specific resources for expressing actual motion are used, but with elements suggesting actual motion demoted.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.10cab
229
254
26
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 8. Metaphorical motion constructions across specialized genres
1
A01
Rosario Caballero
Caballero, Rosario
Rosario
Caballero
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
20
conceptual metaphor
20
genre
20
image metaphor
20
metaphorical motion
20
sensory data
20
synaesthesia
01
In this paper I discuss the metaphorical motivation of the figurative – fictive and metaphorical – motion constructions found in architecture, wine, and tennis texts as the preliminary step to argue for the need to adopt a discourse approach to exploring fictive motion in general. My main contention is that in order to explore this phenomenon particular attention needs to be paid to the topic(s) thus predicated, the users of the metaphors (bringing in the discourse communities they belong to), and the characteristics of the discourses and genre(s) where the expressions are used.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.p2
Section header
13
01
Part II. Expanding motion event typology
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.11ozc
257
278
22
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 9. <i>Crossing the road</i> or <i>crossing the mind</i>
How differently do we move across physical and metaphorical spaces in speech and in gesture?
1
A01
Şeyda Özçalışkan
Özçalışkan, Şeyda
Şeyda
Özçalışkan
Georgia State University
2
A01
Lauren J. Stites
Stites, Lauren J.
Lauren J.
Stites
Georgia State University
3
A01
Samantha N. Emerson
Emerson, Samantha N.
Samantha N.
Emerson
Georgia State University
20
crosslinguistic variation
20
gesture
20
metaphorical motion
20
physical motion
20
spatial language
01
Physical motion constitutes a key aspect of human sensorimotor experience; it also serves as an important experiential domain with which we structure abstract concepts. Moreover, speakers of different languages both talk and gesture about physical motion (e.g. <i>Boy runs through park</i>) in systematically different ways – a pattern of crosslinguistic variation that also applies to metaphorical extensions of motion (e.g. <i>Idea runs through mind</i>). Review of existing research – with methods ranging from more explicit verbal descriptions to more implicit indices of underlying mental processes, including gesture – suggests that sensorimotor experience (i.e. physical motion) and the linguistic expression of this experience in a particular language may play important roles in shaping our expression and conceptualization of more abstract concepts (i.e. metaphorical motion).
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.12cad
279
300
22
Chapter
15
01
Chapter 10. Thinking for speaking about motion in a second language
Looking back and forward
1
A01
Teresa Cadierno
Cadierno, Teresa
Teresa
Cadierno
University of Southern Denmark
20
motion
20
second language
20
thinking for speaking
01
The present chapter discusses Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis and Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000) motion event typology in relation to the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter is divided into four sections. After the introduction, I provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical bases of thinking for speaking in relation to the semantic domain of motion. Then, I classify previous work on motion and SLA on the basis of a series of criteria, and I review some of the main findings of this research. Finally, I suggest future lines of research in this area of investigation.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.13hij
301
328
28
Chapter
16
01
Chapter 11. Motion event contrasts in Romance languages
Deixis in Spanish as a second language
1
A01
Alberto Hijazo-Gascón
Hijazo-Gascón, Alberto
Alberto
Hijazo-Gascón
University of East Anglia
20
caused-motion
20
Deixis
20
Path
20
Romance languages
20
second language acquisition
01
This chapter explores language contrasts among Romance languages in the semantic domain of motion events. Romance languages are verb-framed languages in the typology of motion events by Talmy (1985, 2000). However, some intratypological differences have been observed among them, regarding the expression of certain components such as Path, Cause, and Deixis. The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, it discusses how these semantic contrasts have implications for the theoretical framework of the study of motion events. Second, it examines how these intratypological contrasts impact on the acquisition of a second language by speakers of a typologically-close and genetically-related language. This is illustrated with examples from Spanish as a second language by native speakers of French and Italian.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.14sta
329
366
38
Chapter
17
01
Chapter 12. Verb-framed, satellite-framed or in between?
A L2 learner’s thinking for speaking in her L1 and L2 over 14 years
1
A01
Gale Stam
Stam, Gale
Gale
Stam
National Louis University
20
English
20
gesture
20
L2 acquisition
20
motion events
20
Spanish
20
speech
20
thinking for speaking
01
Crosslinguistic research on motion events shows that Spanish and English speakers have different patterns of thinking for speaking about motion in speech and gesture (Stam 2015). Spanish speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with verbs, while English speakers express Path linguistically and gesturally with satellites. This chapter investigates whether a second language learner’s thinking for speaking patterns about motion continued to change in her L1 (Spanish) and L2 (English) over a 14-year period. The results indicate that the learner’s gestural expression of Path changed in both her L1 and L2, and her gestural expression of Manner changed in her L2. This change suggests that a pattern acquired in childhood may not be resistant to change after all (Slobin 1996).
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.15roj
367
398
32
Chapter
18
01
Chapter 13. On the reception of translations
Exploring the impact of typological differences on legal contexts
1
A01
Ana María Rojo López
Rojo López, Ana María
Ana María
Rojo López
Universidad de Murcia
2
A01
Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Cifuentes-Férez, Paula
Paula
Cifuentes-Férez
Universidad de Murcia
20
degree of violence
20
Manner of motion
20
translation process
20
translation product
01
Three experiments are designed to test the effects that the loss of manner information may have on the translation of crime accounts. The first two experiments hypothesize that losing Manner in the Spanish translation of an English crime description will elicit a less severe judgment of the offense than that elicited by a translation that reproduces a higher degree of manner information. Results reveal significant differences between the two versions except for those cases that involve an extremely high degree of violence. The third experiment shifts the focus from reception to the product and process of translation, investigating what professional interpreters do when requested to interpret a crime account. General results from the three experiments suggest that manner information influences the audience’s judgments on the degree of criminal violence involved.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.16fil
399
418
20
Chapter
19
01
Chapter 14. Applying language typology
Practical applications of research on typological contrasts between languages
1
A01
Luna Filipović
Filipović, Luna
Luna
Filipović
University of East Anglia
20
applied language typology
20
deixis
20
forensic linguistics
20
Serbian
20
Spanish
01
This chapter illustrates the benefits of applying insights from language typologies in order to afford better understanding of both theoretical and practical implications of language contrasts. It examines the practical consequences of certain typological contrasts for different professional contexts of communication, such as translation, second language acquisition and teaching, and the law. For the purpose of the present volume we focus on the cognitive domain of motion. Our analysis of the relevant motion event lexicalization phenomena is based on the three central criteria that underlie the research within Applied Language Typology (ALT): (i) presence versus absence of lexical and grammatical categories, (ii) more versus less restrictive lexical and grammatical categories, and (iii) complementarity in the distribution of categories. In this chapter, we discuss a select number of examples of lexicalization of motion and dynamic spatial relations (e.g. speaker and Figure positioning) across typologically different languages and we show how the ALT criteria enable us to identify exact points where language constrasts cause practical difficulty. Finally, we suggest future directions for ALT research that benefits both academic researchers and language practitioners alike.
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.17slo
419
446
28
Chapter
20
01
Afterword. Typologies and language use
1
A01
Dan I. Slobin
Slobin, Dan I.
Dan I.
Slobin
University of California, Berkeley
20
diachronic linguistics
20
language contact
20
linguistic typology
20
motion events
01
The study of encoding of motion events is best approached as a search for potentially interacting factors, linguistic and non-linguistic. Every language presents a cluster of typological variables. In the domain of motion events, sets of variables co-occur in at least two major patterns (verb‑ and satellite-framed). These types are idealizations of a range of diverse solutions to encoding dimensions of Path and Manner. However, the more we probe linguistic expressions of motion events, the more we uncover mixed types, indeterminate types, hybrid forms, and changes in progress. Numerous factors can act to limit or modify the expression of typological potentials – that is, patterns of language use that are predicted by the typological categorization of a language. The encoding of Path and Manner is not carried out independently of a language’s morphosyntactic and morphophonological characteristics. Data of historical linguistics, language contact, and translation are beginning to reveal interactions of factors over time. Suggestive findings demonstrate diachronic transitions between language types (with examples from Latin and Romance languages, Slavic languages, Chinese), as well as changes in the manner verb lexicon over time (English, Italian).
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.ai
447
452
6
Miscellaneous
21
01
Author index
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.si
453
457
5
Miscellaneous
22
01
Subject index
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.li
459
460
2
Miscellaneous
23
01
Language index
10
01
JB code
hcp.59.con
xii
xiv
3
Miscellaneous
24
01
Editor and contributors
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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20170814
2017
John Benjamins B.V.
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