439032289 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code HCP 83 Eb 15 9789027243027 06 10.1075/hcp.83 DG 002 02 01 HCP 02 1387-6724 Human Cognitive Processing 83 01 hcp.83 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.83 1 B01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 2 B01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 01 eng 325 vi 314 + index LAN016000 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGPSY Cognitive linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 Why do languages take the forms they do, and why do speakers choose particular expressions to construct meaning? This volume addresses these questions from a cognitive-linguistic perspective, viewing motivation as the outcome of interacting linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Across twelve chapters, this book combines theoretical reflection with empirical analyses of how motivatedness shapes morphosyntactic form, semantic change, and metaphor. The studies draw on synchronic and diachronic data from several languages and examine phenomena ranging from body-part semantics, grammatical change, and lexical blending to music discourse, online pet memorials, and the language of comics. By bringing language-internal explanations into dialogue with cognitive, communicative, embodied, historical, and sociocultural accounts, the book advances research on the limits of arbitrariness and presents motivation as a broad explanatory perspective on language structure and use. This volume will interest scholars, advanced students, and anyone concerned with cognitive linguistics, meaning, language change, discourse, and multimodality. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hcp.83.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027238276.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027238276.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hcp.83.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hcp.83.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hcp.83.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hcp.83.hb.png 10 01 JB code hcp.83.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages -1 10 01 JB code hcp.83.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 0 10 01 JB code hcp.83.int 1 9 9 Chapter 1 1 A01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 2 A01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p1 Section header 2 10 01 JB code hcp.83.01pan 12 42 31 Chapter 3 1 A01 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther 20 language-external motivation 20 language-internal motivation 20 motivational source 20 motivational target 20 nondeterministic relation 01 In this chapter, I argue that motivation is an indispensable theoretical tool for both the description and the explanation of language structure and use. Language-internal and/or language-external factors (motivational sources) may have an impact on the form, meaning, and/or pragmatic function of simple or complex linguistic signs (motivational target). It is important to note that the relationship between a motivational source and its target is nondeterministic, i.e. nonpredictable: a given source does not necessarily result in a predetermined target. Language-internal motivation manifests itself e.g. in the plural formation of loanwords. Language-external motivational sources include parameters such as experience, perception (e.g figure-ground organization), embodiment, and sociocultural models. The workings of these motivational forces on lexicogrammatical structure are illustrated with mostly English-language examples. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.02gee 42 62 21 Chapter 4 1 A01 Dirk Geeraerts Geeraerts, Dirk Dirk Geeraerts KU Leuven 20 diachronic semantics 20 onomasiology 20 regularity of change 20 semasiology 01 The chapter suggests that an onomasiological perspective on the explanation of changes of word meaning is more promising than the customary semasiological perspective. It identifies the restrictions on a semasiological point of view, explores the arguments in favor of an onomasiological turn, and systematically charts the various factors that could play an explanatory role in such a perspective. At the same time, it points out that an onomasiological take on diachronic semantic change is complicated by the number and the variety of the factors that interact as causes of or influences on onomasiological change. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.03gib 63 81 19 Chapter 5 1 A01 Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W. Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. Independent Cognitive Scientist 20 communicative need 20 embodiment 20 metaphorical language 20 moments of juncture 20 nonlinguistic experience 01 This chapter details the many wonderful motivations for metaphor. I describe several constraints on why metaphor arises in specific forms in various communicative forums, many of which are rooted in nonlinguistic experience (e.g. embodied sensations, the desire to make sense of interruptions in our pursuit of various life goals). But these nonlinguistic motivations for metaphor are typically tied to people’s particular communicative needs (e.g. the desire to demonstrate, and not just describe, people’s thoughts). My argument is that there are multiple, interacting, motivations for the emergence of metaphor, in specific linguistic forms, all of which need to be explicitly acknowledged in a comprehensive theory of metaphorical thought, language, and experience. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p2 Section header 6 10 01 JB code hcp.83.04all 84 120 37 Chapter 7 1 A01 Kathryn Allan Allan, Kathryn Kathryn Allan University College London 20 antonymy 20 diachronic onomasiology 20 lexical variation 20 markedness 20 synonymy 01 Based on the observation that areas of the lexicon in English display different ‘degrees of lexicalization’ (Kay et al. 2009) which can change over time, this paper investigates asymmetries in the lexical variation shown by conceptual antonym pairs. Using data from the online <i>Historical Thesaurus of English</i> (<i>HT</i>), it takes an onomasiological approach, tracing how near-synonym sets expand, contract, and reorganize over time, and asks why one member of an antonym pair may show greater lexical variation than the other (e.g. <i>fast</i> vs <i>slow, sharp</i> vs <i>blunt</i>). In line with Geeraerts et al. (2024), the analysis considers formal and semantic factors, alongside conceptual differences and possible markedness effects, to identify possible motivations for these diachronic asymmetries. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.05loz 121 135 15 Chapter 8 1 A01 Przemyslaw Lozowski Lozowski, Przemyslaw Przemyslaw Lozowski UMCS 20 cognitive inference 20 form-content relationship 20 happiness 20 history of English 20 panchrony 20 usage-based model 01 The three major ‘happy’ adjectives in English are researched ( <i>ēadig, (ge)sælig</i> </span>, <i>happy</i>) in terms of their historical developments having been motivated panchronically with specific cognitive inferences. It is assumed that language constitutes a record of the collective experience of linguistic communities, thus its history reflects changing states of social consciousness and attests to the cognitive tensions encoded in the relationship between linguistic form and linguistic content. It is concluded that the reason why the original Old English forms, i.e. <i>ēadig</i> </span> and <i>(ge)sælig</i> </span>, happened to be replaced with <i>happy</i> has to do with that they stopped corresponding to the conceptualization of being happy that they once matched up with, happiness embracing abundance brought about by a fortunate coincidence, an arising opportunity, a lucky chance. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p3 137 1 Section header 9 10 01 JB code hcp.83.06mol 138 152 15 Chapter 10 1 A01 Rafal Molencki Molencki, Rafal Rafal Molencki University of Silesia in Katowice 20 (plu)perfect 20 accomplishment 20 auxiliary 20 counterfactuality 20 genetic motivation 01 Unlike most other Germanic languages, English lost the pluperfect construction with the auxiliary <i>be</i> + Past Participle. The occurrences of <i>habban</i> with intransitive verbs are found in Old English when some kind of accomplishment is expressed. In Early Middle English one can observe interesting manuscript variation here. From Late Middle English onwards <i>ben</i> was becoming recessive for all intransitives. The genetic motivation for this change might have been due to the following factors: formally perfect forms gradually marking aspect rather than tense, the heavy functional load of <i>ben</i> and the obligatory use of <i>haven</i> in perfect forms expressing counterfactuality. The study is based on the texts from the <i>Dictionary of Old English Corpus</i> and the <i>Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse</i>. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.07dro 153 182 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 20 conceptualization 20 cultural practices 20 nominal categories 20 perceptual experience 20 sense extension 01 This chapter investigates the motivation behind selected semantic extensions of the English noun <i>craft</i> that co-occur with shifts across four nominal categories: count, mass, zero plural, and plurale tantum. Drawing on diachronic lexicographic evidence, primarily from the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, it reconstructs pathways of sense extension and the accompanying changes in grammatical properties. The analysis adopts the Cognitive Grammar approach to polysemy and Panther’s model of linguistic motivation. The chapter shows that these developments are not arbitrary; rather, they reflect interacting motivations rooted in historically situated cultural practices, perceptual experience, conceptualization, and language-internal tendencies. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p4 183 1 Section header 12 10 01 JB code hcp.83.08kos 184 211 28 Chapter 13 1 A01 Krzysztof Kosecki Kosecki, Krzysztof Krzysztof Kosecki University of Lodz 20 creole 20 culture 20 embodiment 20 metaphor 20 metonymy 20 motivation 01 The cognitive-oriented pluri-causal and trans-causal model of creole genesis (Corum, 2021: 198–199) accounts for the process in terms of the following three elements: (1) embodied universal patterns of human imaginative reasoning; (2) contact with diverse but typologically similar indigenous languages; (3) contact with diverse but typologically similar European languages. Building on this basis, the chapter analyzes forms of language-external motivation for semantic extensions of body part terms in Tok Pisin, a creole used in Papua New Guinea. It argues that the motivation for the extensions involves (1) the imaginative processes of metonymy, metaphor, and metaphor-metonymy interaction; (2) universal and culture-specific concepts present in the creole’s Melanesian substrate, the English superstrate, or the joint influence of both these inputs. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.09ros 212 235 24 Chapter 14 1 A01 Andreea Rosca Rosca, Andreea Andreea Rosca University of Valencia 20 cognitive modeling 20 contrast 20 expansion 20 lexical blending 20 parametrization 20 reduction 01 Lexical blending has attracted growing scholarly attention, particularly in English, with research addressing its definition, structural and semantic properties, degree of entrenchment, and role in prosodic morphology. Despite some cross-linguistic work, Romanian lexical blending remains relatively underexplored. Vasileanu and Niculescu-Gorpin (2022) provide the first fully corpus-based analysis of Romanian blends, focusing on their etymological, structural, phonological, semantic, and stylistic features. Building on but extending this work, the present study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches, analyzing a corpus of 120 contemporary Romanian blends drawn from literature and online sources. Drawing on cognitive modeling (Peña 2022), it explains the motivation behind blend formation and demonstrates their systematic nature through cognitive operations such as parametrization, contrast, reduction, and expansion. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p5 237 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code hcp.83.10kuc 238 254 17 Chapter 16 1 A01 Marcin Kuczok Kuczok, Marcin Marcin Kuczok University of Silesia in Katowice 20 conceptual metaphor 20 death 20 pet loss 01 The aim of this chapter is to compare animal death metaphors found in English and Polish online pet memorials. Pet loss can be a difficult experience for owners who have had a special relationship with the animal and treated it similarly to human relatives or friends (Lyons et al. 2022). To cope with death, we often use conceptual metaphors, which, on the one hand, allow us to address this taboo subject and, on the other, shape our conceptualization of the abstract reality of dying (Allan &#38; Burridge 1991). This chapter investigates the types of source domains as well as the most and least common metaphorical mappings that motivate the conceptualization of pet death in English and Polish. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.11tar 255 288 34 Chapter 17 1 A01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 20 figurative language 20 motivational factors 20 music discourse 20 painting domain 01 Music discourse is a complex form of discourse, largely due to its markedly metaphorical character. This chapter focuses on one recurrent type of such figurative language: the conceptualizations from the painting domain used to describe diverse facets in the musical domain. The study is corpus-assisted and draws on texts from websites addressed to musicians and others from the broadly defined music industry. Grounded in cognitive linguistics, the study aims to reconstruct the major types of painting-based conceptualizations to account for these people’s motivation to use that language. The analysis shows that these conceptualizations are shaped by a range of diverse motivational factors, including conceptual-pragmatic, as well as perceptual, embodied, affective, cultural, and community-specific communicative factors. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.12sza 289 314 26 Chapter 18 1 A01 Michal Szawerna Szawerna, Michal Michal Szawerna University of Wroclaw 20 motivatedness 20 visual language theory 20 visual representations 01 This chapter discusses motivatedness of visual representations in comics from the perspective of visual language theory (Cohn 2013a). In line with the theoretical orientation of the entire volume, the cognitive-linguistic approach to motivation in language (Panther 2013, 2021; Radden &#38; Panther 2004; Panther &#38; Radden 2011) was adopted as the theoretical perspective framing this discussion. Due to the chapter’s limited size, an exhaustive discussion of motivation in the visual language of comics is impossible. Instead, this chapter is meant to provide a general survey of how prominent visual representations used in comics are motivated. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 April 2027 20270415 2027 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027238276 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 10 20270415 01 00 130.00 EUR R 01 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 169.00 USD S 705032288 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code HCP 83 Hb 15 9789027238276 BB 01 HCP 02 1387-6724 Human Cognitive Processing 83 01 hcp.83 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/hcp.83 1 B01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 2 B01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 01 eng 325 vi 314 + index LAN016000 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.COGPSY Cognitive linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 Why do languages take the forms they do, and why do speakers choose particular expressions to construct meaning? This volume addresses these questions from a cognitive-linguistic perspective, viewing motivation as the outcome of interacting linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Across twelve chapters, this book combines theoretical reflection with empirical analyses of how motivatedness shapes morphosyntactic form, semantic change, and metaphor. The studies draw on synchronic and diachronic data from several languages and examine phenomena ranging from body-part semantics, grammatical change, and lexical blending to music discourse, online pet memorials, and the language of comics. By bringing language-internal explanations into dialogue with cognitive, communicative, embodied, historical, and sociocultural accounts, the book advances research on the limits of arbitrariness and presents motivation as a broad explanatory perspective on language structure and use. This volume will interest scholars, advanced students, and anyone concerned with cognitive linguistics, meaning, language change, discourse, and multimodality. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hcp.83.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027238276.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027238276.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hcp.83.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hcp.83.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hcp.83.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hcp.83.hb.png 10 01 JB code hcp.83.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages -1 10 01 JB code hcp.83.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 0 10 01 JB code hcp.83.int 1 9 9 Chapter 1 1 A01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 2 A01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p1 Section header 2 10 01 JB code hcp.83.01pan 12 42 31 Chapter 3 1 A01 Klaus-Uwe Panther Panther, Klaus-Uwe Klaus-Uwe Panther 20 language-external motivation 20 language-internal motivation 20 motivational source 20 motivational target 20 nondeterministic relation 01 In this chapter, I argue that motivation is an indispensable theoretical tool for both the description and the explanation of language structure and use. Language-internal and/or language-external factors (motivational sources) may have an impact on the form, meaning, and/or pragmatic function of simple or complex linguistic signs (motivational target). It is important to note that the relationship between a motivational source and its target is nondeterministic, i.e. nonpredictable: a given source does not necessarily result in a predetermined target. Language-internal motivation manifests itself e.g. in the plural formation of loanwords. Language-external motivational sources include parameters such as experience, perception (e.g figure-ground organization), embodiment, and sociocultural models. The workings of these motivational forces on lexicogrammatical structure are illustrated with mostly English-language examples. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.02gee 42 62 21 Chapter 4 1 A01 Dirk Geeraerts Geeraerts, Dirk Dirk Geeraerts KU Leuven 20 diachronic semantics 20 onomasiology 20 regularity of change 20 semasiology 01 The chapter suggests that an onomasiological perspective on the explanation of changes of word meaning is more promising than the customary semasiological perspective. It identifies the restrictions on a semasiological point of view, explores the arguments in favor of an onomasiological turn, and systematically charts the various factors that could play an explanatory role in such a perspective. At the same time, it points out that an onomasiological take on diachronic semantic change is complicated by the number and the variety of the factors that interact as causes of or influences on onomasiological change. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.03gib 63 81 19 Chapter 5 1 A01 Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W. Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. Independent Cognitive Scientist 20 communicative need 20 embodiment 20 metaphorical language 20 moments of juncture 20 nonlinguistic experience 01 This chapter details the many wonderful motivations for metaphor. I describe several constraints on why metaphor arises in specific forms in various communicative forums, many of which are rooted in nonlinguistic experience (e.g. embodied sensations, the desire to make sense of interruptions in our pursuit of various life goals). But these nonlinguistic motivations for metaphor are typically tied to people’s particular communicative needs (e.g. the desire to demonstrate, and not just describe, people’s thoughts). My argument is that there are multiple, interacting, motivations for the emergence of metaphor, in specific linguistic forms, all of which need to be explicitly acknowledged in a comprehensive theory of metaphorical thought, language, and experience. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p2 Section header 6 10 01 JB code hcp.83.04all 84 120 37 Chapter 7 1 A01 Kathryn Allan Allan, Kathryn Kathryn Allan University College London 20 antonymy 20 diachronic onomasiology 20 lexical variation 20 markedness 20 synonymy 01 Based on the observation that areas of the lexicon in English display different ‘degrees of lexicalization’ (Kay et al. 2009) which can change over time, this paper investigates asymmetries in the lexical variation shown by conceptual antonym pairs. Using data from the online <i>Historical Thesaurus of English</i> (<i>HT</i>), it takes an onomasiological approach, tracing how near-synonym sets expand, contract, and reorganize over time, and asks why one member of an antonym pair may show greater lexical variation than the other (e.g. <i>fast</i> vs <i>slow, sharp</i> vs <i>blunt</i>). In line with Geeraerts et al. (2024), the analysis considers formal and semantic factors, alongside conceptual differences and possible markedness effects, to identify possible motivations for these diachronic asymmetries. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.05loz 121 135 15 Chapter 8 1 A01 Przemyslaw Lozowski Lozowski, Przemyslaw Przemyslaw Lozowski UMCS 20 cognitive inference 20 form-content relationship 20 happiness 20 history of English 20 panchrony 20 usage-based model 01 The three major ‘happy’ adjectives in English are researched ( <i>ēadig, (ge)sælig</i> </span>, <i>happy</i>) in terms of their historical developments having been motivated panchronically with specific cognitive inferences. It is assumed that language constitutes a record of the collective experience of linguistic communities, thus its history reflects changing states of social consciousness and attests to the cognitive tensions encoded in the relationship between linguistic form and linguistic content. It is concluded that the reason why the original Old English forms, i.e. <i>ēadig</i> </span> and <i>(ge)sælig</i> </span>, happened to be replaced with <i>happy</i> has to do with that they stopped corresponding to the conceptualization of being happy that they once matched up with, happiness embracing abundance brought about by a fortunate coincidence, an arising opportunity, a lucky chance. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p3 137 1 Section header 9 10 01 JB code hcp.83.06mol 138 152 15 Chapter 10 1 A01 Rafal Molencki Molencki, Rafal Rafal Molencki University of Silesia in Katowice 20 (plu)perfect 20 accomplishment 20 auxiliary 20 counterfactuality 20 genetic motivation 01 Unlike most other Germanic languages, English lost the pluperfect construction with the auxiliary <i>be</i> + Past Participle. The occurrences of <i>habban</i> with intransitive verbs are found in Old English when some kind of accomplishment is expressed. In Early Middle English one can observe interesting manuscript variation here. From Late Middle English onwards <i>ben</i> was becoming recessive for all intransitives. The genetic motivation for this change might have been due to the following factors: formally perfect forms gradually marking aspect rather than tense, the heavy functional load of <i>ben</i> and the obligatory use of <i>haven</i> in perfect forms expressing counterfactuality. The study is based on the texts from the <i>Dictionary of Old English Corpus</i> and the <i>Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse</i>. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.07dro 153 182 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Grzegorz Drożdż Drożdż, Grzegorz Grzegorz Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 20 conceptualization 20 cultural practices 20 nominal categories 20 perceptual experience 20 sense extension 01 This chapter investigates the motivation behind selected semantic extensions of the English noun <i>craft</i> that co-occur with shifts across four nominal categories: count, mass, zero plural, and plurale tantum. Drawing on diachronic lexicographic evidence, primarily from the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, it reconstructs pathways of sense extension and the accompanying changes in grammatical properties. The analysis adopts the Cognitive Grammar approach to polysemy and Panther’s model of linguistic motivation. The chapter shows that these developments are not arbitrary; rather, they reflect interacting motivations rooted in historically situated cultural practices, perceptual experience, conceptualization, and language-internal tendencies. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p4 183 1 Section header 12 10 01 JB code hcp.83.08kos 184 211 28 Chapter 13 1 A01 Krzysztof Kosecki Kosecki, Krzysztof Krzysztof Kosecki University of Lodz 20 creole 20 culture 20 embodiment 20 metaphor 20 metonymy 20 motivation 01 The cognitive-oriented pluri-causal and trans-causal model of creole genesis (Corum, 2021: 198–199) accounts for the process in terms of the following three elements: (1) embodied universal patterns of human imaginative reasoning; (2) contact with diverse but typologically similar indigenous languages; (3) contact with diverse but typologically similar European languages. Building on this basis, the chapter analyzes forms of language-external motivation for semantic extensions of body part terms in Tok Pisin, a creole used in Papua New Guinea. It argues that the motivation for the extensions involves (1) the imaginative processes of metonymy, metaphor, and metaphor-metonymy interaction; (2) universal and culture-specific concepts present in the creole’s Melanesian substrate, the English superstrate, or the joint influence of both these inputs. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.09ros 212 235 24 Chapter 14 1 A01 Andreea Rosca Rosca, Andreea Andreea Rosca University of Valencia 20 cognitive modeling 20 contrast 20 expansion 20 lexical blending 20 parametrization 20 reduction 01 Lexical blending has attracted growing scholarly attention, particularly in English, with research addressing its definition, structural and semantic properties, degree of entrenchment, and role in prosodic morphology. Despite some cross-linguistic work, Romanian lexical blending remains relatively underexplored. Vasileanu and Niculescu-Gorpin (2022) provide the first fully corpus-based analysis of Romanian blends, focusing on their etymological, structural, phonological, semantic, and stylistic features. Building on but extending this work, the present study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches, analyzing a corpus of 120 contemporary Romanian blends drawn from literature and online sources. Drawing on cognitive modeling (Peña 2022), it explains the motivation behind blend formation and demonstrates their systematic nature through cognitive operations such as parametrization, contrast, reduction, and expansion. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.p5 237 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code hcp.83.10kuc 238 254 17 Chapter 16 1 A01 Marcin Kuczok Kuczok, Marcin Marcin Kuczok University of Silesia in Katowice 20 conceptual metaphor 20 death 20 pet loss 01 The aim of this chapter is to compare animal death metaphors found in English and Polish online pet memorials. Pet loss can be a difficult experience for owners who have had a special relationship with the animal and treated it similarly to human relatives or friends (Lyons et al. 2022). To cope with death, we often use conceptual metaphors, which, on the one hand, allow us to address this taboo subject and, on the other, shape our conceptualization of the abstract reality of dying (Allan &#38; Burridge 1991). This chapter investigates the types of source domains as well as the most and least common metaphorical mappings that motivate the conceptualization of pet death in English and Polish. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.11tar 255 288 34 Chapter 17 1 A01 Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż Taraszka-Drożdż, Barbara Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż University of Silesia in Katowice 20 figurative language 20 motivational factors 20 music discourse 20 painting domain 01 Music discourse is a complex form of discourse, largely due to its markedly metaphorical character. This chapter focuses on one recurrent type of such figurative language: the conceptualizations from the painting domain used to describe diverse facets in the musical domain. The study is corpus-assisted and draws on texts from websites addressed to musicians and others from the broadly defined music industry. Grounded in cognitive linguistics, the study aims to reconstruct the major types of painting-based conceptualizations to account for these people’s motivation to use that language. The analysis shows that these conceptualizations are shaped by a range of diverse motivational factors, including conceptual-pragmatic, as well as perceptual, embodied, affective, cultural, and community-specific communicative factors. 10 01 JB code hcp.83.12sza 289 314 26 Chapter 18 1 A01 Michal Szawerna Szawerna, Michal Michal Szawerna University of Wroclaw 20 motivatedness 20 visual language theory 20 visual representations 01 This chapter discusses motivatedness of visual representations in comics from the perspective of visual language theory (Cohn 2013a). In line with the theoretical orientation of the entire volume, the cognitive-linguistic approach to motivation in language (Panther 2013, 2021; Radden &#38; Panther 2004; Panther &#38; Radden 2011) was adopted as the theoretical perspective framing this discussion. Due to the chapter’s limited size, an exhaustive discussion of motivation in the visual language of comics is impossible. Instead, this chapter is meant to provide a general survey of how prominent visual representations used in comics are motivated. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 April 2027 20270415 2027 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 10 20270415 01 02 JB 1 00 130.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 137.80 EUR R 01 JB 10 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 GB 10 20270415 02 02 JB 1 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 Casemate Academic 610-853-9131 610-853-9143 Girard.Kratz@casematepublishers.com 01 https://benjamins.com 02 US CA MX 10 20270415 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 169.00 USD