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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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201608250356
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
906007494
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
HSM 11 Eb
15
9789027287113
06
10.1075/hsm.11
13
2011000208
DG
002
02
01
HSM
02
1571-4934
Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism
11
01
The Development of Grammar
The
Development of Grammar
Language acquisition and diachronic change. In honour of Jürgen M. Meisel
01
hsm.11
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/hsm.11
1
B01
Esther Rinke
Rinke, Esther
Esther
Rinke
Goethe University Frankfurt
2
B01
Tanja Kupisch
Kupisch, Tanja
Tanja
Kupisch
University of Hamburg
01
eng
422
viii
414
LAN009000
v.2006
CFDM
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.LA
Language acquisition
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.BIL
Multilingualism
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume focuses on different aspects of language development. The contributions are concerned with similarities and differences between first and second language acquisition, the acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories, cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition as well as the relation between language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change. The recurrent topic of the volume is the link between linguistic variation and the limitation of structural variability in the framework of a well-defined theory of language. In this respect, the volume opens up new perspectives for future research.
04
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hsm.11.png
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027219312.jpg
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027219312.tif
06
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hsm.11.hb.png
07
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25
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27
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hsm.11.hb.png
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.01rin
1
15
15
Article
1
01
Introduction
1
A01
Esther Rinke
Rinke, Esther
Esther
Rinke
2
A01
Tanja Kupisch
Kupisch, Tanja
Tanja
Kupisch
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.02p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. (2)L1 versus L2 versus child L2
Similarities and differences
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.03car
19
46
28
Article
3
01
‘Acquisition’ in grammatical development
What does word order tell us?
1
A01
Susanne Elizabeth Carroll
Carroll, Susanne Elizabeth
Susanne Elizabeth
Carroll
20
induction
20
Principles and Parameters Theory
20
problem-solving
20
second language acquisition
20
verb-raising
20
word order
01
Jürgen M. Meisel has long championed parameter-setting as an account of the development of word order in monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition. For second language learners, he has proposed that development is to be explained by induction but does not provide detail as to what the mechanisms are or how they operate. In my contribution, I examine such claims more closely discussing statistical learning and inductive inference (problem-solving) and their relevance for learning word order. I suggest that word order can be teased apart from dominance relations in syntax and that properly testing claims about fundamental differences between L1 and L2 learning requires information about dominance and scope in interlanguage grammars.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.04sch
47
74
28
Article
4
01
Tense and Aspect in early French development in aL2, 2L1 and cL2 learners
1
A01
Suzanne Schlyter
Schlyter, Suzanne
Suzanne
Schlyter
20
Age of Onset
20
child second language acquisition
20
French
20
tense-aspect
01
In line with current research by Meisel (2008, 2009), this study discusses the nature of child second language (cL2) acquisition, compared with adult second language (aL2) acquisition and the development of two first languages (2L1). Early stages of tense-aspect acquisition of French are studied in these three learner types, all having Swedish as a first or concomitant language, and all with differences with regard to the Age of Onset of French. Focus is on past tense marking, lexical aspect and temporal reference. The cognitive-syntactic development of the first language is proposed to account for the differences observed between aL2 and 2L1 acquisition, as well as for the similarities in the behaviour of cL2 and aL2 learners.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.05pre
75
103
29
Article
5
01
Subject clitics in child L2 acquisition of French
1
A01
Anne-Kathrin Preissler
Preissler, Anne-Kathrin
Anne-Kathrin
Preissler
20
age of onset
20
child second language acquisition
20
critical period
20
French subject clitics
01
This paper presents findings from a study on successive language acquisition by German children first exposed to French at the age of 3–4 years. The general research question is whether child second language acquisition (cL2) parallels monolingual or bilingual first language acquisition (2L1) or rather adult L2 acquisition (aL2). The specific grammatical domain investigated is subject clitics (SCL). Since L1 and aL2 differ with respect to the distribution and the nature of SCL, their usage qualifies as a criterion discriminating between the two acquisition types. My findings suggest that cL2 learners with a higher age of onset behave like aL2 learners in this domain, supporting the claim that cL2 acquisition differs qualitatively from 2L1 development in the domain of bound morphology.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.06sop
105
121
17
Article
6
01
Placement of infinitives in successive child language acquisition
1
A01
Aldona Sopata
Sopata, Aldona
Aldona
Sopata
20
German acquisition
20
infinitives
20
subject verb agreement
20
successive child language acquisition
01
In recent work on child second language acquisition (cL2) a number of different age ranges for the onset of this acquisition type have been proposed (Schwartz 2004; Meisel 2008; Nicholas & Lightbown 2008). This paper aims at showing at which age noticeable differences as compared to first language acquisition (L1) emerge in the placement of infinitives in German. The study is also concerned with the acquisition of subject verb agreement as a turning point in the developmental sequence of German. The data of the children studied are shown to be consistent with the hypothesis of Meisel (2008) assuming the onset of cL2 between the ages 3 and 4.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.07p2
Section header
7
01
Part II. The acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.08cha
125
149
25
Article
8
01
The developmental pathway of nominal functional categories in early child Mandarin
The
developmental pathway of nominal functional categories in early child Mandarin
Language specific features and other driving factors
1
A01
Meiyun Chang-Smith
Chang-Smith, Meiyun
Meiyun
Chang-Smith
20
DP
20
first language acquisition
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
nominal functional categories
01
Longitudinal data from a monolingual Mandarin-speaking child (1;8.22–2;2.25) is examined focusing on acquisition of nominal functional categories: Determiner Phrase (DP), Number Phrase (NumP) and Classifier Phrase (ClP). Analysis reveals that in the latter two-word stage the functional heads D and Cl – but not Num – within definite nominal expressions are instantiated. Feature compositions of these heads appear to be under-specified – the complement-feature (or its associated grammatical properties) of the head Cl was still lacking during this stage. Mandarin nominal functional categories are thus instantiated incrementally and likewise the grammatical features of the functional heads. The Weak Continuity perspective appears most appropriate to account for these results.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.09kin
151
178
28
Article
9
01
The emergence of CP in child Basque
The
emergence of CP in child Basque
Evidence for a fine-structured CP?
1
A01
Noemi Kintana
Kintana, Noemi
Noemi
Kintana
20
Basque
20
first language acquisition
20
information structure
20
left periphery
20
split-CP
01
In the present study, I investigate the acquisition of CP-related structures in Basque by one monolingual child and two Basque-Spanish bilingual children aged 1;05–3;00. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is evidence in the child data supporting a fine-structured CP for Basque, as proposed by Ortiz de Urbina (1999a, 2008). For that purpose, I have looked at time of emergence of CP-related structures, following Grinstead & Elizondo’s (2001) work on this topic. Assuming a richly articulated CP, the data available on the left periphery so far is compatible with the Full Competence Hypothesis (cf. Poeppel & Wexler 1993, among others) and with the Structure Building Hypothesis (Guilfoyle & Noonan 1992). Incremental acquisition for the latter implies that the CP field is built incrementally, possibly one layer at a time. This is, however, not clearly suggested by the data.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.10gro
179
203
25
Article
10
01
Some directions for the systematic investigation of the acquisition of Cypriot Greek
A new perspective on production abilities from object clitic placement
1
A01
Kleanthes K. Grohmann
Grohmann, Kleanthes K.
Kleanthes K.
Grohmann
20
bidialectism
20
bilingualism
20
bi-x
20
diglossia
20
elicitation-production task
20
first language acquisition
20
Modern Greek
20
Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis
01
Cypriot Greek is an understudied variety of Modern Greek, certainly as concerns the morphosyntactic grammatical system and developmental stages in young learners. This chapter lays out the beginnings of a larger research agenda currently undertaken by the Cyprus Acquisition Team and presents a first systematic foray into the first language acquisition of Cypriot Greek. One interesting contrast with Standard Modern Greek, and its relevance for young learners, is particularly highlighted: direct object clitic placement. The results from the pilot study presented here are capitalized on by formulating the tender beginnings of the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis for language acquisition in ‘bi-x environments’ – that is, first language development in linguistic environments, such as that of Greek-speaking Cyprus, that are variably characterized as diglossic, bidialectal, or bilingual.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.11roe
205
228
24
Article
11
01
Strict Interfaces and three kinds of Multiple Grammar
1
A01
Thomas Roeper
Roeper, Thomas
Thomas
Roeper
20
dialect
20
Externalization
20
interfaces
20
language acquisition
20
language design
20
language variation
20
minimalist theory
20
Multiple Grammars
20
strong minimalist thesis
20
syntax
01
Modern linguistic theory introduces the question of how interfaces are to be mechanically represented. It is argued that there are strict innate interfaces where semantics, pragmatics, and syntax must coincide. The Strong Minimalist Thesis (Chomsky 2005) is a prime example. We argue that so-called 3rd Factors, which are part of these interfaces, must be present in core aspects of grammar. It follows language variation cannot and should not, as suggested by Richards (2008) be abstracted out of core grammar as entirely due to 3rd Factor or Externalization processes. Several instances where variation is compatible because it can be represented are introduced.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.12p3
Section header
12
01
Part III. Autonomous development vs. crosslinguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.13pat
231
261
31
Article
13
01
Delay and acceleration in bilingual first language acquisition
The same or different?
1
A01
Marisa Patuto
Patuto, Marisa
Marisa
Patuto
2
A01
Valentina Repetto
Repetto, Valentina
Valentina
Repetto
3
A01
Natascha Müller
Müller, Natascha
Natascha
Müller
20
(non-) null-subject language
20
acceleration
20
bilingual first language acquisition
20
cross-linguistic influence
20
delay
20
finite verb placement
01
Research on bilingual first language acquisition has shown that bilingual children do not develop both of their two languages similarly to monolingual children. Two opposing views exist for the difference between bilingual and monolingual development. According to the first, cross-linguistic effects may either slow down or accelerate language acquisition. The opposing view holds that processing is at the heart of the difference between bilingual and monolingual language development. In the present article we will argue in favor of the position that delay is the outcome of cross-linguistic influence, where a linguistically less complex analysis is applied to both languages, A and B. We will show that delay effects depend on the language combination, and will compare German-Italian, German-Spanish and Italian-French children with respect to non-null-subject usage. At the same time, acceleration effects are visible in all bilingual children, regardless of the language combination. We will also argue that acceleration results from processing preferences. The grammatical phenomenon under investigation here is finite verb placement in bilingual German, which seems to be guided by principles of efficient computation. The empirical results allow for an interpretation of acceleration effects not in terms of cross-linguistic influence, but in terms of an effect of bilingualism as such. As a result, the differences between early child bilingualism and monolingual language development should be described in terms of the interaction of two knowledge systems and of processing effects in bilinguals.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.14lle
263
286
24
Article
14
01
Intonation targets of yes/no questions by Spanish and German monolingual and bilingual children
1
A01
Conxita Lleó
Lleó, Conxita
Conxita
Lleó
2
A01
Martin Rakow
Rakow, Martin
Martin
Rakow
20
alignment
20
bilinguals
20
boundary tone
20
falling F0
20
intonation contours
20
pitch accent
20
rising F0
20
scaling
20
yes/no questions
01
Yes/no interrogative utterances in German and Spanish exhibit four comparable intonation points: a first peak, a falling F0, an L and a final H. However, there are differences regarding the alignment and scaling of H and L tones across the two languages. Yes/no questions by German and Spanish monolinguals and German-Spanish bilinguals aged 2;0 and 3;0 are analyzed, with the aim of finding out whether children at these ages have already acquired the intonation contours of yes/no questions. Results show that monolingual children already produce both the F0 contours and the alignment of the four crucial points before 3;0, whereas bilinguals correctly produce the contours, but some of them tend to not differentiate alignment and/or scaling in the two languages.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.15flo
287
305
19
Article
15
01
Perception of German vowels by bilingual Portuguese-German returnees
A case of phonological attrition?
1
A01
Cristina Flores
Flores, Cristina
Cristina
Flores
2
A01
Andréia Schurt Rauber
Rauber, Andréia Schurt
Andréia Schurt
Rauber
20
attrition
20
German phonology
20
perception
20
returnees
01
This study investigates the perception of German vowels by a group of eight Portuguese adolescents and young adults who were raised bilingually in Germany and returned to Portugal in early childhood (between the ages of 5 and 10 years). All the participants reported that they never use German in Portugal and that they are unable to formulate accurate sentences in that language. Our aim was to test whether their perceptual ability to discriminate German sounds had undergone attrition or remained invulnerable to the lack of language use. Unlike German vowels, Portuguese vowels are not distinctive in duration and the Portuguese inventory does not contain the rounded vowels /y/ and /y:/ or the lax vowels /i/ and /~/. Thus, we tested the participants’ perceptual ability to discriminate vowels in terms of (i) duration, in the contrast /a-a:/; (ii) quality+duration, in the contrasts /i-i:/ and /~-u:/; and (iii) quality in the contrasts /i-y/, /~-Y/, /i:-y:/ and /u:-y:/ by means of a categorical discrimination test. The results reveal that the returnees were able to make vowel duration and quality perceptual distinctions in the attrited language. This indicates that their ability to discriminate German sounds seems to remain stable.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.16p4
Section header
16
01
Part IV. Language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.17kat
309
330
22
Article
17
01
Acquisition in the context of language change
The case of Brazilian Portuguese null subjects
1
A01
Mary Aizawa Kato
Kato, Mary Aizawa
Mary Aizawa
Kato
20
Brazilian Portuguese
20
core grammar
20
L2 grammar
20
null and pronominal subjects
01
Brazilian Portuguese (BP) has been described as having undergone a selective loss of null subjects, with the categorical maintenance of null expletives, and a limited possibility of referential null subjects in the third person. In the I-language of most literate adults, a range of referential null subjects is still possible, competing with the innovative weak pronouns. The present study will claim that core grammars do not admit morphological ‘doublets’, and will give evidence that pre-school children do not have pronouns competing with referential null subjects. These are argued to be acquired as a second grammar, through schooling. The maintenance of anaphoric null subjects is observed in written texts, the object of diachronic studies. The conclusion is that the only null subject licensed in BP core grammars is the non-referential null subject, namely expletive and indefinite subjects without the clitic se. The study will also claim that the null subject recovered through schooling is not the same as the prototypical null subject that was lost, but is still an object possible in Universal Grammar (UG).
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.18nun
331
354
24
Article
18
01
On the diachronic reanalysis of null subjects and null objects in Brazilian Portuguese
Triggers and consequences
1
A01
Jairo Nunes
Nunes, Jairo
Jairo
Nunes
20
Brazilian Portuguese
20
clitics
20
finite control
20
hyper-raising
20
null objects
20
null subjects
01
This paper discusses some acquisition issues involved in the syntactic changes that affected the distribution and interpretation of null subjects and null objects in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Based on work by Ferreira (2000) and Nunes (2008a), I argue that the emergence of finite control in BP was triggered by the weakening of its verbal agreement paradigm associated with the fact that some infinitival forms are ambiguous in being associated with a complete or an incomplete set of φ-features. As for null objects, I discuss some consequences of Nunes’s (1993) proposal that the appearance of pronominal null objects in BP was ultimately a by-product of the change in the directionality of phonological cliticization in the language.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.19kai
355
381
27
Article
19
01
On the decrease in subject-verb inversion in French declaratives
1
A01
Georg Kaiser
Kaiser, Georg
Georg
Kaiser
2
A01
Michael Zimmermann
Zimmermann, Michael
Michael
Zimmermann
20
diachronic change
20
French
20
syntax
01
This paper discusses the evolution of subject-verb inversion in declarative root clauses in French. The frequent occurrence of such constructions in Medieval French is generally accounted for in terms of a V2 analysis, and their marginality in Modern French is attributed to the loss of V2. Given clear evidence against the assumed V2 status of Medieval French, subject-verb inversion is alternatively explained in terms of a differentiation of subject-verb inversions (‘true’ subject-verb inversion vs. ‘NP-inversion’) as well as in terms of the existence of a ‘Focus Criterion’. It is claimed that while in (non-colloquial) Modern French, NP-inversion still exists, the highly limited instances of true subject-verb inversion constitute learnt vestiges. The loss of true subject-verb inversion is attributed to a parametric resetting of the Spell-Out condition associated with the ‘Focus Criterion’.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.20adl
383
403
21
Article
20
01
On the relation between acceptability and frequency
1
A01
Aria Adli
Adli, Aria
Aria
Adli
20
grammar
20
Spanish
20
subject position
20
usage
20
wh-questions
01
The aim of this work is to lay out the relation between the two main sources of linguistic evidence, acceptability judgments and frequency of occurrence in spontaneous speech. Tying acceptability to grammar and frequency to usage, the empirical relation between these data sources is seen as a manifestation of the underlying relation between grammar and usage. Contrasting with the functionalist view, I argue in favor of a clear distinction between grammar and usage, and contrasting with the standard generative view, I propose that both grammar and usage are constitutive parts of human syntax. They are related in a very specific way and their interplay is crucial in syntactic variation and the process of grammatical change. A systematic experimental study has been conducted in which acceptability and frequency data are obtained from the same subjects and on the same linguistic phenomenon: which is the well-known interaction between the semantic role of the wh-element and the preferred position of the subject (preverbal vs. postverbal) in Spanish. The results show that acceptability is not a sufficient but a necessary condition for usage. Constructions that are acceptable but not or hardly used are called latent constructions. It is suggested that latent constructions can occur as an intermediate step in the process of syntactic change.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.21index
Miscellaneous
21
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20110525
2011
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027219312
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
75.00
EUR
R
01
00
63.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
113.00
USD
S
927007493
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
HSM 11 Hb
15
9789027219312
13
2011000208
BB
01
HSM
02
1571-4934
Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism
11
01
The Development of Grammar
The
Development of Grammar
Language acquisition and diachronic change. In honour of Jürgen M. Meisel
01
hsm.11
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/hsm.11
1
B01
Esther Rinke
Rinke, Esther
Esther
Rinke
Goethe University Frankfurt
2
B01
Tanja Kupisch
Kupisch, Tanja
Tanja
Kupisch
University of Hamburg
01
eng
422
viii
414
LAN009000
v.2006
CFDM
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HL
Historical linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.LA
Language acquisition
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.BIL
Multilingualism
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume focuses on different aspects of language development. The contributions are concerned with similarities and differences between first and second language acquisition, the acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories, cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition as well as the relation between language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change. The recurrent topic of the volume is the link between linguistic variation and the limitation of structural variability in the framework of a well-defined theory of language. In this respect, the volume opens up new perspectives for future research.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/hsm.11.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027219312.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027219312.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/hsm.11.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/hsm.11.png
25
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/hsm.11.hb.png
27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/hsm.11.hb.png
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.01rin
1
15
15
Article
1
01
Introduction
1
A01
Esther Rinke
Rinke, Esther
Esther
Rinke
2
A01
Tanja Kupisch
Kupisch, Tanja
Tanja
Kupisch
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.02p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. (2)L1 versus L2 versus child L2
Similarities and differences
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.03car
19
46
28
Article
3
01
‘Acquisition’ in grammatical development
What does word order tell us?
1
A01
Susanne Elizabeth Carroll
Carroll, Susanne Elizabeth
Susanne Elizabeth
Carroll
20
induction
20
Principles and Parameters Theory
20
problem-solving
20
second language acquisition
20
verb-raising
20
word order
01
Jürgen M. Meisel has long championed parameter-setting as an account of the development of word order in monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition. For second language learners, he has proposed that development is to be explained by induction but does not provide detail as to what the mechanisms are or how they operate. In my contribution, I examine such claims more closely discussing statistical learning and inductive inference (problem-solving) and their relevance for learning word order. I suggest that word order can be teased apart from dominance relations in syntax and that properly testing claims about fundamental differences between L1 and L2 learning requires information about dominance and scope in interlanguage grammars.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.04sch
47
74
28
Article
4
01
Tense and Aspect in early French development in aL2, 2L1 and cL2 learners
1
A01
Suzanne Schlyter
Schlyter, Suzanne
Suzanne
Schlyter
20
Age of Onset
20
child second language acquisition
20
French
20
tense-aspect
01
In line with current research by Meisel (2008, 2009), this study discusses the nature of child second language (cL2) acquisition, compared with adult second language (aL2) acquisition and the development of two first languages (2L1). Early stages of tense-aspect acquisition of French are studied in these three learner types, all having Swedish as a first or concomitant language, and all with differences with regard to the Age of Onset of French. Focus is on past tense marking, lexical aspect and temporal reference. The cognitive-syntactic development of the first language is proposed to account for the differences observed between aL2 and 2L1 acquisition, as well as for the similarities in the behaviour of cL2 and aL2 learners.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.05pre
75
103
29
Article
5
01
Subject clitics in child L2 acquisition of French
1
A01
Anne-Kathrin Preissler
Preissler, Anne-Kathrin
Anne-Kathrin
Preissler
20
age of onset
20
child second language acquisition
20
critical period
20
French subject clitics
01
This paper presents findings from a study on successive language acquisition by German children first exposed to French at the age of 3–4 years. The general research question is whether child second language acquisition (cL2) parallels monolingual or bilingual first language acquisition (2L1) or rather adult L2 acquisition (aL2). The specific grammatical domain investigated is subject clitics (SCL). Since L1 and aL2 differ with respect to the distribution and the nature of SCL, their usage qualifies as a criterion discriminating between the two acquisition types. My findings suggest that cL2 learners with a higher age of onset behave like aL2 learners in this domain, supporting the claim that cL2 acquisition differs qualitatively from 2L1 development in the domain of bound morphology.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.06sop
105
121
17
Article
6
01
Placement of infinitives in successive child language acquisition
1
A01
Aldona Sopata
Sopata, Aldona
Aldona
Sopata
20
German acquisition
20
infinitives
20
subject verb agreement
20
successive child language acquisition
01
In recent work on child second language acquisition (cL2) a number of different age ranges for the onset of this acquisition type have been proposed (Schwartz 2004; Meisel 2008; Nicholas & Lightbown 2008). This paper aims at showing at which age noticeable differences as compared to first language acquisition (L1) emerge in the placement of infinitives in German. The study is also concerned with the acquisition of subject verb agreement as a turning point in the developmental sequence of German. The data of the children studied are shown to be consistent with the hypothesis of Meisel (2008) assuming the onset of cL2 between the ages 3 and 4.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.07p2
Section header
7
01
Part II. The acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.08cha
125
149
25
Article
8
01
The developmental pathway of nominal functional categories in early child Mandarin
The
developmental pathway of nominal functional categories in early child Mandarin
Language specific features and other driving factors
1
A01
Meiyun Chang-Smith
Chang-Smith, Meiyun
Meiyun
Chang-Smith
20
DP
20
first language acquisition
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
nominal functional categories
01
Longitudinal data from a monolingual Mandarin-speaking child (1;8.22–2;2.25) is examined focusing on acquisition of nominal functional categories: Determiner Phrase (DP), Number Phrase (NumP) and Classifier Phrase (ClP). Analysis reveals that in the latter two-word stage the functional heads D and Cl – but not Num – within definite nominal expressions are instantiated. Feature compositions of these heads appear to be under-specified – the complement-feature (or its associated grammatical properties) of the head Cl was still lacking during this stage. Mandarin nominal functional categories are thus instantiated incrementally and likewise the grammatical features of the functional heads. The Weak Continuity perspective appears most appropriate to account for these results.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.09kin
151
178
28
Article
9
01
The emergence of CP in child Basque
The
emergence of CP in child Basque
Evidence for a fine-structured CP?
1
A01
Noemi Kintana
Kintana, Noemi
Noemi
Kintana
20
Basque
20
first language acquisition
20
information structure
20
left periphery
20
split-CP
01
In the present study, I investigate the acquisition of CP-related structures in Basque by one monolingual child and two Basque-Spanish bilingual children aged 1;05–3;00. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is evidence in the child data supporting a fine-structured CP for Basque, as proposed by Ortiz de Urbina (1999a, 2008). For that purpose, I have looked at time of emergence of CP-related structures, following Grinstead & Elizondo’s (2001) work on this topic. Assuming a richly articulated CP, the data available on the left periphery so far is compatible with the Full Competence Hypothesis (cf. Poeppel & Wexler 1993, among others) and with the Structure Building Hypothesis (Guilfoyle & Noonan 1992). Incremental acquisition for the latter implies that the CP field is built incrementally, possibly one layer at a time. This is, however, not clearly suggested by the data.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.10gro
179
203
25
Article
10
01
Some directions for the systematic investigation of the acquisition of Cypriot Greek
A new perspective on production abilities from object clitic placement
1
A01
Kleanthes K. Grohmann
Grohmann, Kleanthes K.
Kleanthes K.
Grohmann
20
bidialectism
20
bilingualism
20
bi-x
20
diglossia
20
elicitation-production task
20
first language acquisition
20
Modern Greek
20
Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis
01
Cypriot Greek is an understudied variety of Modern Greek, certainly as concerns the morphosyntactic grammatical system and developmental stages in young learners. This chapter lays out the beginnings of a larger research agenda currently undertaken by the Cyprus Acquisition Team and presents a first systematic foray into the first language acquisition of Cypriot Greek. One interesting contrast with Standard Modern Greek, and its relevance for young learners, is particularly highlighted: direct object clitic placement. The results from the pilot study presented here are capitalized on by formulating the tender beginnings of the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis for language acquisition in ‘bi-x environments’ – that is, first language development in linguistic environments, such as that of Greek-speaking Cyprus, that are variably characterized as diglossic, bidialectal, or bilingual.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.11roe
205
228
24
Article
11
01
Strict Interfaces and three kinds of Multiple Grammar
1
A01
Thomas Roeper
Roeper, Thomas
Thomas
Roeper
20
dialect
20
Externalization
20
interfaces
20
language acquisition
20
language design
20
language variation
20
minimalist theory
20
Multiple Grammars
20
strong minimalist thesis
20
syntax
01
Modern linguistic theory introduces the question of how interfaces are to be mechanically represented. It is argued that there are strict innate interfaces where semantics, pragmatics, and syntax must coincide. The Strong Minimalist Thesis (Chomsky 2005) is a prime example. We argue that so-called 3rd Factors, which are part of these interfaces, must be present in core aspects of grammar. It follows language variation cannot and should not, as suggested by Richards (2008) be abstracted out of core grammar as entirely due to 3rd Factor or Externalization processes. Several instances where variation is compatible because it can be represented are introduced.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.12p3
Section header
12
01
Part III. Autonomous development vs. crosslinguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.13pat
231
261
31
Article
13
01
Delay and acceleration in bilingual first language acquisition
The same or different?
1
A01
Marisa Patuto
Patuto, Marisa
Marisa
Patuto
2
A01
Valentina Repetto
Repetto, Valentina
Valentina
Repetto
3
A01
Natascha Müller
Müller, Natascha
Natascha
Müller
20
(non-) null-subject language
20
acceleration
20
bilingual first language acquisition
20
cross-linguistic influence
20
delay
20
finite verb placement
01
Research on bilingual first language acquisition has shown that bilingual children do not develop both of their two languages similarly to monolingual children. Two opposing views exist for the difference between bilingual and monolingual development. According to the first, cross-linguistic effects may either slow down or accelerate language acquisition. The opposing view holds that processing is at the heart of the difference between bilingual and monolingual language development. In the present article we will argue in favor of the position that delay is the outcome of cross-linguistic influence, where a linguistically less complex analysis is applied to both languages, A and B. We will show that delay effects depend on the language combination, and will compare German-Italian, German-Spanish and Italian-French children with respect to non-null-subject usage. At the same time, acceleration effects are visible in all bilingual children, regardless of the language combination. We will also argue that acceleration results from processing preferences. The grammatical phenomenon under investigation here is finite verb placement in bilingual German, which seems to be guided by principles of efficient computation. The empirical results allow for an interpretation of acceleration effects not in terms of cross-linguistic influence, but in terms of an effect of bilingualism as such. As a result, the differences between early child bilingualism and monolingual language development should be described in terms of the interaction of two knowledge systems and of processing effects in bilinguals.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.14lle
263
286
24
Article
14
01
Intonation targets of yes/no questions by Spanish and German monolingual and bilingual children
1
A01
Conxita Lleó
Lleó, Conxita
Conxita
Lleó
2
A01
Martin Rakow
Rakow, Martin
Martin
Rakow
20
alignment
20
bilinguals
20
boundary tone
20
falling F0
20
intonation contours
20
pitch accent
20
rising F0
20
scaling
20
yes/no questions
01
Yes/no interrogative utterances in German and Spanish exhibit four comparable intonation points: a first peak, a falling F0, an L and a final H. However, there are differences regarding the alignment and scaling of H and L tones across the two languages. Yes/no questions by German and Spanish monolinguals and German-Spanish bilinguals aged 2;0 and 3;0 are analyzed, with the aim of finding out whether children at these ages have already acquired the intonation contours of yes/no questions. Results show that monolingual children already produce both the F0 contours and the alignment of the four crucial points before 3;0, whereas bilinguals correctly produce the contours, but some of them tend to not differentiate alignment and/or scaling in the two languages.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.15flo
287
305
19
Article
15
01
Perception of German vowels by bilingual Portuguese-German returnees
A case of phonological attrition?
1
A01
Cristina Flores
Flores, Cristina
Cristina
Flores
2
A01
Andréia Schurt Rauber
Rauber, Andréia Schurt
Andréia Schurt
Rauber
20
attrition
20
German phonology
20
perception
20
returnees
01
This study investigates the perception of German vowels by a group of eight Portuguese adolescents and young adults who were raised bilingually in Germany and returned to Portugal in early childhood (between the ages of 5 and 10 years). All the participants reported that they never use German in Portugal and that they are unable to formulate accurate sentences in that language. Our aim was to test whether their perceptual ability to discriminate German sounds had undergone attrition or remained invulnerable to the lack of language use. Unlike German vowels, Portuguese vowels are not distinctive in duration and the Portuguese inventory does not contain the rounded vowels /y/ and /y:/ or the lax vowels /i/ and /~/. Thus, we tested the participants’ perceptual ability to discriminate vowels in terms of (i) duration, in the contrast /a-a:/; (ii) quality+duration, in the contrasts /i-i:/ and /~-u:/; and (iii) quality in the contrasts /i-y/, /~-Y/, /i:-y:/ and /u:-y:/ by means of a categorical discrimination test. The results reveal that the returnees were able to make vowel duration and quality perceptual distinctions in the attrited language. This indicates that their ability to discriminate German sounds seems to remain stable.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.16p4
Section header
16
01
Part IV. Language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.17kat
309
330
22
Article
17
01
Acquisition in the context of language change
The case of Brazilian Portuguese null subjects
1
A01
Mary Aizawa Kato
Kato, Mary Aizawa
Mary Aizawa
Kato
20
Brazilian Portuguese
20
core grammar
20
L2 grammar
20
null and pronominal subjects
01
Brazilian Portuguese (BP) has been described as having undergone a selective loss of null subjects, with the categorical maintenance of null expletives, and a limited possibility of referential null subjects in the third person. In the I-language of most literate adults, a range of referential null subjects is still possible, competing with the innovative weak pronouns. The present study will claim that core grammars do not admit morphological ‘doublets’, and will give evidence that pre-school children do not have pronouns competing with referential null subjects. These are argued to be acquired as a second grammar, through schooling. The maintenance of anaphoric null subjects is observed in written texts, the object of diachronic studies. The conclusion is that the only null subject licensed in BP core grammars is the non-referential null subject, namely expletive and indefinite subjects without the clitic se. The study will also claim that the null subject recovered through schooling is not the same as the prototypical null subject that was lost, but is still an object possible in Universal Grammar (UG).
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.18nun
331
354
24
Article
18
01
On the diachronic reanalysis of null subjects and null objects in Brazilian Portuguese
Triggers and consequences
1
A01
Jairo Nunes
Nunes, Jairo
Jairo
Nunes
20
Brazilian Portuguese
20
clitics
20
finite control
20
hyper-raising
20
null objects
20
null subjects
01
This paper discusses some acquisition issues involved in the syntactic changes that affected the distribution and interpretation of null subjects and null objects in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Based on work by Ferreira (2000) and Nunes (2008a), I argue that the emergence of finite control in BP was triggered by the weakening of its verbal agreement paradigm associated with the fact that some infinitival forms are ambiguous in being associated with a complete or an incomplete set of φ-features. As for null objects, I discuss some consequences of Nunes’s (1993) proposal that the appearance of pronominal null objects in BP was ultimately a by-product of the change in the directionality of phonological cliticization in the language.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.19kai
355
381
27
Article
19
01
On the decrease in subject-verb inversion in French declaratives
1
A01
Georg Kaiser
Kaiser, Georg
Georg
Kaiser
2
A01
Michael Zimmermann
Zimmermann, Michael
Michael
Zimmermann
20
diachronic change
20
French
20
syntax
01
This paper discusses the evolution of subject-verb inversion in declarative root clauses in French. The frequent occurrence of such constructions in Medieval French is generally accounted for in terms of a V2 analysis, and their marginality in Modern French is attributed to the loss of V2. Given clear evidence against the assumed V2 status of Medieval French, subject-verb inversion is alternatively explained in terms of a differentiation of subject-verb inversions (‘true’ subject-verb inversion vs. ‘NP-inversion’) as well as in terms of the existence of a ‘Focus Criterion’. It is claimed that while in (non-colloquial) Modern French, NP-inversion still exists, the highly limited instances of true subject-verb inversion constitute learnt vestiges. The loss of true subject-verb inversion is attributed to a parametric resetting of the Spell-Out condition associated with the ‘Focus Criterion’.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.20adl
383
403
21
Article
20
01
On the relation between acceptability and frequency
1
A01
Aria Adli
Adli, Aria
Aria
Adli
20
grammar
20
Spanish
20
subject position
20
usage
20
wh-questions
01
The aim of this work is to lay out the relation between the two main sources of linguistic evidence, acceptability judgments and frequency of occurrence in spontaneous speech. Tying acceptability to grammar and frequency to usage, the empirical relation between these data sources is seen as a manifestation of the underlying relation between grammar and usage. Contrasting with the functionalist view, I argue in favor of a clear distinction between grammar and usage, and contrasting with the standard generative view, I propose that both grammar and usage are constitutive parts of human syntax. They are related in a very specific way and their interplay is crucial in syntactic variation and the process of grammatical change. A systematic experimental study has been conducted in which acceptability and frequency data are obtained from the same subjects and on the same linguistic phenomenon: which is the well-known interaction between the semantic role of the wh-element and the preferred position of the subject (preverbal vs. postverbal) in Spanish. The results show that acceptability is not a sufficient but a necessary condition for usage. Constructions that are acceptable but not or hardly used are called latent constructions. It is suggested that latent constructions can occur as an intermediate step in the process of syntactic change.
10
01
JB code
hsm.11.21index
Miscellaneous
21
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20110525
2011
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
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245
mm
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164
mm
08
915
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
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WORLD
US CA MX
21
10
12
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02
JB
1
00
75.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
79.50
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
12
02
02
JB
1
00
63.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
12
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gen
02
JB
1
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113.00
USD