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7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201705011128
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
62015292
03
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
IHLL 11 Eb
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9789027266675
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10.1075/ihll.11
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2016032010
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IHLL
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2213-3887
Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics
11
01
Spanish-English Codeswitching in the Caribbean and the US
01
ihll.11
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.11
1
B01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras
2
B01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
3
B01
M. Carmen Parafita Couto
Parafita Couto, M. Carmen
M. Carmen
Parafita Couto
Leiden University
01
eng
334
viii
326
LAN009050
v.2006
CFDM
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ENG
English linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.GERM
Germanic linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.BIL
Multilingualism
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This volume provides a sample of the most recent studies on Spanish-English codeswitching both in the Caribbean and among bilinguals in the United States. In thirteen chapters, it brings together the work of leading scholars representing diverse disciplinary perspectives within linguistics, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, theoretical linguistics, and applied linguistics, as well as various methodological approaches, such as the collection of naturalistic oral and written data, the use of reading comprehension tasks, the elicitation of acceptability judgments, and computational methods. The volume surpasses the limits of different fields in order to enable a rich characterization of the cognitive, linguistic, and socio-pragmatic factors that affect codeswitching, therefore, leading interested students, professors, and researchers to a better understanding of the regularities governing Spanish-English codeswitches, the representation and processing of codeswitches in the bilingual brain, the interaction between bilinguals’ languages and their mutual influence during linguistic expression.
05
This volume is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary update on research involving the language pair which has given rise to some of the most influential and ground-breaking research on codeswitching. Just as work on Spanish-English codeswitching has in the past provided the model for research on most other language pairs, this state of the art collection will no doubt have an important impact on future developments in codeswitching research in general. Bringing together the work of leading scholars adopting diverse perspectives and drawing on a wide range of data from different geographical areas, it will thus be essential reading for codeswitching researchers and students from all disciplinary backgrounds.
Margaret Deuchar, University of Cambridge
05
This attractive volume brings together many of the key researchers in this important domain. It reflects the wide multidisciplinary scope of this research topic, and extends into written sources, a welcome addition.
Pieter Muysken, Radboud University, Nijmegen
05
This book might well be unique in its explicit agenda of studying codeswitching from a cross-disciplinary and cross-methodological perspective. Every major topic is represented in this volume and discussed by a major specialist.
Luis López, University of Illinois at Chicago
05
Taking as a starting point the construct of codeswitching, this brilliant roster of scholars provides great insights into the language of speakers of many ethnicities and nationalities who regularly use Spanish and English. The scope of the investigation includes speech and writing, as well as subjects of different ethnolinguistic affiliations. The book will be a most useful tool for both scholarship and teaching for anyone interested in bilingualism.
Ricardo Otheguy, The Graduate Center, City University of New York
05
This is an impressive collection of first-rate articles focusing on the now-problematized notion of codeswitching. It is a must-read for researchers interested in Spanish-English bilingualism in the United States and the Caribbean and for those engaged in the debates on translanguaging, codeswitching, and codemixing. The editors are to be congratulated for bringing together an outstanding volume.
Guadalupe Valdés, Stanford University
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.11.png
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03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027258106.jpg
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.11.hb.png
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viii
1
Miscellaneous
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.001int
1
7
7
Article
2
01
Introduction: Multiple influencing factors, diverse participants, varied techniques
Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of Spanish-English codeswitching
1
A01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
Universidad de Puerto Rico
2
A01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
Universidad de Puerto Rico
3
A01
M. Carmen Parafita Couto
Parafita Couto, M. Carmen
M. Carmen
Parafita Couto
Leiden University
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.s1
Section header
3
01
I. Codeswitching, identity, attitudes, and language politics
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.01zen
11
35
25
Article
4
01
Spanglish
Language politics vs <italic>el habla del pueblo</italic>
1
A01
Ana Celia Zentella
Zentella, Ana Celia
Ana Celia
Zentella
University of California, San Diego and City University of New York
20
anthro-political linguistics
20
linguistic intolerance
20
Real Academia Española
20
Spanglish
01
Puerto Rico has been linked to Spanglish – both the style of speaking and the label – since the term was coined by a famous island detractor in 1948. More recently, Puerto Rican poets and linguists have been in the vanguard against purported “friends” unaware of the linguistic facts, against the Real Academia Española’s definition of “espanglish”, and the damaging views of the North American Academy of the Spanish language. An anthro-political linguistic analysis explains how the racialization of Puerto Ricans and other Latin@s is at the root of these attacks, and why the Spanglish label itself must be defended; supporting data include the attitudes of 115 U.S. Spanish speakers. Implications for linguistic tolerance, language loss, and education are addressed.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.02per
37
60
24
Article
5
01
Codeswitching and identity among Island Puerto Rican bilinguals
1
A01
Marisol Pérez Casas
Pérez Casas, Marisol
Marisol
Pérez Casas
20
bilinguals
20
elite
20
Puerto Rico
20
social identities
01
This study investigates how a network of elite, educated bilinguals on the Island of Puerto Rico (PR) alternate between English and Spanish in everyday, casual conversations, and how their choice of language relates to their social identities. Due to the complex relationship between Spanish and English in PR this context is ideal for looking into the meaning and social significance of CS, and how individual creativity and collective social knowledge intersect in identity creation. Ethnographic interviews and observations, audio recording of casual conversations, and a thorough understanding of speakers’ socio-cultural realities revealed the development of the communicative style of CS, and its relationship to the enactment, reproduction, and shaping of the following identity categories: ‘elite,’ ‘American,’ and ‘Puerto Rican.’
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.03cla
61
80
20
Article
6
01
Codeswitching among African-American English, Spanish and Standard English in computer-mediated discourse
The negotiation of identities by Puerto Rican students
1
A01
Arlene Clachar
Clachar, Arlene
Arlene
Clachar
University of Miami, Florida
20
African-American English
20
computer discourse
20
Hip Hop
20
Puerto Ricans
20
Spanish
01
This chapter examines codeswitching (CS) behaviors among African-­American English, Spanish and Standard English by Puerto Rican Return Migrant (PRRM) students as they develop academic writing in Spanish and English and use their writing to create websites. The students exchange e-mail messages which highlight the covert manner in which racialized discourses are negotiated. The chapter investigates the extent to which computer-mediated discourse (through e-mail messages) shapes PRRM students’ negotiations of identities in CS. In doing so, the chapter analyzes CS in naturally occurring discourses to show how PRRMs enact the notion of resistance/solidarity by creating social boundaries between the prestige accorded the dominant code of whiteness, i.e., Standard English and resistance/solidarity accorded African-American English and Spanish in urban America and Puerto Rico.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.s2
Section header
7
01
II. Links between codeswitching and language proficiency and fluency
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.04tor
83
105
23
Article
8
01
<italic>Hablamos los dos</italic> in the Windy City
Codeswitching among Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and MexiRicans in Chicago
1
A01
Lourdes Torres
Torres, Lourdes
Lourdes
Torres
DePaul University
2
A01
Kim Potowski
Potowski, Kim
Kim
Potowski
University of Illinois at Chicago
20
bilinguals
20
Chicago
20
Mexicans
20
MexiRicans
20
Puerto Ricans
01
This chapter offers an analysis of codeswitching in Latino Chicago. The data were collected in one-hour, Spanish language sociolinguistic interviews with 64 Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and MexiRicans from three generational groups. We argue that codeswitching is a shared practice in the Chicago bilingual community that is utilized by Puerto Rican, Mexican and MexiRican speakers who have a solid proficiency in both languages and also by speakers for whom codeswitching may be a sign of language shift in process. The frequency of codeswitching varies by ethnolinguistic group and generation, and codeswitching has differing functions for speakers with varying proficiency levels in the same community.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.05lic
107
138
32
Article
9
01
Language dominance and language nativeness
The view from English-Spanish codeswitching
1
A01
Juana M. Liceras
Liceras, Juana M.
Juana M.
Liceras
University of Ottawa and Universidad Nebrija
2
A01
Raquel Fernández Fuertes
Fernández Fuertes, Raquel
Raquel
Fernández Fuertes
Universidad de Valladolid
3
A01
Rachel Klassen
Klassen, Rachel
Rachel
Klassen
University of Ottawa
20
analogical criterion
20
dominance
20
feature valuation
20
gender
20
nativeness
01
Investigating the interpretation and production of codeswitched structures involving functional and lexical categories by bilingual speakers constitutes a reliable tool to assess language dominance and/or nativeness. Language dominance has been described and measured in the context of bilingualism while nativeness is more rooted in the characterization of primary versus non-primary acquisition. Both concepts are intended to identify the specific ways in which language is represented in the mind of a bilingual. We draw from three different hypotheses formulated in the context of formal linguistics: the Grammatical Features Spell-Out Hypothesis, the Gender Double-Feature Valuation Mechanism, and the PF Interface Condition to show whether and how the codeswitching conditions established by these hypotheses constitute a diagnostic for language dominance and language nativeness.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.06lip
139
168
30
Article
10
01
The role of unintentional/involuntary codeswitching
The
role of unintentional/involuntary codeswitching
Did I really say that?
1
A01
John M. Lipski
Lipski, John M.
John M.
Lipski
The Pennsylvania State University
20
componential analysis
20
fluency
20
intrasentential codeswitching
20
involuntary codeswitching
20
second language learners
01
Most research on codeswitching (CS), especially in intrasentential contexts, has focused on fluent bilinguals, implicitly assumed to have enough competence in each language so that CS is voluntary (even if not always carefully planned). There are other forms of bilingual CS that are not consistent with the ability to voluntarily sustain a conversation in a single language. The present study compares fluent and low-fluency Spanish-English switching from bilinguals of varying degrees of competence in Spanish. The study devotes special attention to unintended and apparently involuntary lapses into the L1 involving configurations larger than simple lexical insertions. An analysis reveals qualitative differences between fluent and low-fluency Spanish-English switching, and tentatively suggests that different mechanisms underlie each type of language switching.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.s3
Section header
11
01
III. Codeswitching in written corpora
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.07bul
171
189
19
Article
12
01
The stratification of English-language lone-word and multi-word material in Puerto Rican Spanish-language press outlets
The
stratification of English-language lone-word and multi-word material in Puerto Rican Spanish-language press outlets
A computational approach
1
A01
Barbara E. Bullock
Bullock, Barbara E.
Barbara E.
Bullock
The University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Jacqueline Larsen Serigos
Serigos, Jacqueline Larsen
Jacqueline Larsen
Serigos
The University of Texas at Austin
3
A01
Almeida Jacqueline Toribio
Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline
Almeida Jacqueline
Toribio
The University of Texas at Austin
20
computational
20
corpus
20
loanwords
20
Spanish-English codeswitching
01
This chapter considers the presence of English in a 3.3-million-word corpus of Puerto Rican news press addressed to distinct social classes: El Vocero, published for a working-class population, El Nuevo Día for a mainstream market, and 80grados for an intellectual readership. Statistical models reveal no significant differences between sub-corpora with respect to the frequency of English unigram and bigram tokens. However, significant differences are returned for English 3+grams sequences: 80grados presents longer, more diverse and complex English spans than do El Nuevo Día and El Vocero. Interpreting the results in view of the social context, we suggest that, in Puerto Rico, the use simplex and compound anglicisms might not signal prestige; it could be code-switching that is linked with status.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.08mon
191
213
23
Article
13
01
Socio-pragmatic functions of codeswitching in Nuyorican & Cuban American literature
1
A01
Cecilia Montes-Alcalá
Montes-Alcalá, Cecilia
Cecilia
Montes-Alcalá
Georgia Institute of Technology
20
bilingual literature
20
socio-pragmatic functions
20
Spanish-English codeswitching
01
This chapter emphasizes the social, pragmatic, and cultural nature of codeswitching (CS) over the search for grammatical constraints on the phenomenon. While the bulk of research performed on language mixing has concentrated on spontaneous oral production, the present investigation focuses on CS in literary writing. Through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a selection of contemporary Nuyorican and Cuban American bilingual literature (poetry, drama, and fiction) the goal of the study is to determine the extent to which literary CS reflects ordinary bilingual speech and performs socio-pragmatic functions similar to those ascribed to natural bilingual discourse. It also seeks to establish whether literary CS displays any substantial differences across genres and/or between the two groups analyzed.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.09maz
215
233
19
Article
14
01
“Show what you know”
Translanguaging in dynamic assessment in a bilingual university classroom
1
A01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
University of Puerto Rico
2
A01
Rosita L. Rivera
Rivera, Rosita L.
Rosita L.
Rivera
University of Puerto Rico
3
A01
Glory J. Soto
Soto, Glory J.
Glory J.
Soto
University of Puerto Rico
20
assessment
20
bilingual education
20
translanguaging
01
In Puerto Rican academia, Spanish and English are ever-present as students and professors negotiate their everyday language (Spanish) and the “international language of academia” (English). This study uses a translanguaging lens to examine the academic writing of university psychology majors in a neuropsychology course. The data consists of written exams from three sections of the same course (n = 83), all taught by the same professor, but using different languages as the medium of instruction (Spanish, English, and “both”). However, the professor allowed students to answer the written exams in whatever language combination they chose. This chapter describes the translanguaging practices used by students on the exams, and examines the relationship between medium of instruction, question type, and translanguaging practices.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.s4
Section header
15
01
IV. Bilingual structure in codeswitching
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.10gon
237
260
24
Article
16
01
<italic>Tú y yo</italic> can codeswitch, <italic>nosotros</italic> cannot
Pronouns in Spanish-English codeswitching
1
A01
Kay González-Vilbazo
González-Vilbazo, Kay
Kay
González-Vilbazo
University of Illinois at Chicago
2
A01
Bryan Koronkiewicz
Koronkiewicz, Bryan
Bryan
Koronkiewicz
The University of Alabama
20
acceptability judgments
20
intersentential codeswitching
20
pronouns
01
Pronouns have been generally reported to be ungrammatical in intrasentential codeswitching (CS) (Gumperz, 1977; Lipski, 1978; Timm, 1975; among others). However, pronouns can be found in a variety of syntactic, prosodic and/or phonological contexts, the full breadth of which has yet to be investigated systematically in Spanish-English CS. It is uncertain whether the inability to be codeswitched is generalizable to all Spanish and English pronouns regardless of context. To test this, an acceptability judgment task including pronouns in varied contexts was conducted with Spanish-English bilinguals in the United States. The results provide evidence that not all pronouns are unacceptable in intrasentential Spanish-English CS. Specifically, four different contexts are found to enable pronouns to be codeswitched: coordination, modification, prosodic stress and cleft constructions.
10
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261
279
19
Article
17
01
On the productive use of ‘hacer + V’ in Northern Belize bilingual/trilingual codeswitching
1
A01
Osmer Balam
Balam, Osmer
Osmer
Balam
University of Florida
2
A01
Ana de Prada Pérez
Prada Pérez, Ana de
Ana
de
Prada Pérez
University of Florida
20
bilingual compound verbs
20
bilingual light verb constructions
20
linguistic productivity and innovation
20
Northern Belize contact Spanish
01
We examine bilingual light verb constructions (BLVCs) in Northern Belize codeswitching by analyzing clause type, syntactic verb type, pronoun type and number of syllables in both switched and non-switched utterances. Results revealed that BLVCs appear in a rich variety of syntactic, lexical and phonological contexts. Although there were distributional trends that were similar across switched and monolingual data, BLVCs were noted for their structural complexity in terms of nominal and adverbial subordination. Also salient in these hybrid constructions was the skillful integration of Spanish pronominal features. The Northern Belize data reveal that these syntactic innovations do not only exhibit productivity and language creativity, but the optimal use of linguistic resources as well.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.12val
281
300
20
Article
18
01
Mixed NPs in Spanish-English bilingual speech
Using a corpus-based approach to inform models of sentence processing
1
A01
Jorge R. Valdés Kroff
Valdés Kroff, Jorge R.
Jorge R.
Valdés Kroff
University of Florida
20
corpus study
20
default gender
20
gender asymmetry
20
grammatical gender
20
mixed noun phrases
01
Bilinguals speaking with other bilinguals engage in codeswitching (CS). CS is not a priori predictable, yet bilinguals suffer no appreciable costs to communication. One hypothesis explaining this ease is an exposure-driven account whereby speakers converge upon conventional production patterns, which may help guide comprehension. In this study, I quantify and investigate the use of grammatical gender in Spanish-English mixed noun phrases using a bilingual spoken language corpus. Results reveal a robust gender asymmetry where masculine gender is the default gender when switching into an English noun (e.g. un juice ‘themasc juice,’un cookie ‘themasc cookie’). In contrast, feminine-marked switches are infrequent and used with feminine translation equivalents (e.g. una cookie, ‘thefem cookie’). This asymmetry forms testable predictions for how bilinguals use grammatical gender in CS comprehension.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.13guz
301
322
22
Article
19
01
Comprehension patterns of two groups of Spanish-English bilingual codeswitchers
1
A01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
Universidad de Puerto Rico
2
A01
Paola E. Dussias
Dussias, Paola E.
Paola E.
Dussias
The Pennsylvania State University
20
bilingual communities
20
comprehension
20
eye-tracking
20
intrasentential codeswitching
20
Spanish-English
01
Current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the production and comprehension of codeswitches derives largely from studies with bilingual speakers who do not codeswitch or who report codeswitching (CS), but do not belong to stable bilingual communities. Although these data have a place in CS research, the foundational knowledge must characterize bilinguals in communities where CS is linked to community norms. We examine this issue by comparing a group of Spanish-English bilinguals from Harlem, home to a well-defined community with regular CS, and a group of Spanish-English bilinguals who resemble participants of past lab studies. We recorded eye movements while participants read frequent and infrequent switches found in Spanish-English corpora. Despite differences between both groups, the findings revealed strikingly similar eye-movement patterns.
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.14ind
323
326
4
Miscellaneous
20
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20160907
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027258106
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
472015291
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
IHLL 11 Hb
15
9789027258106
13
2016021969
BB
01
IHLL
02
2213-3887
Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics
11
01
Spanish-English Codeswitching in the Caribbean and the US
01
ihll.11
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.11
1
B01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras
2
B01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
3
B01
M. Carmen Parafita Couto
Parafita Couto, M. Carmen
M. Carmen
Parafita Couto
Leiden University
01
eng
334
viii
326
LAN009050
v.2006
CFDM
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ENG
English linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.GERM
Germanic linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.BIL
Multilingualism
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This volume provides a sample of the most recent studies on Spanish-English codeswitching both in the Caribbean and among bilinguals in the United States. In thirteen chapters, it brings together the work of leading scholars representing diverse disciplinary perspectives within linguistics, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, theoretical linguistics, and applied linguistics, as well as various methodological approaches, such as the collection of naturalistic oral and written data, the use of reading comprehension tasks, the elicitation of acceptability judgments, and computational methods. The volume surpasses the limits of different fields in order to enable a rich characterization of the cognitive, linguistic, and socio-pragmatic factors that affect codeswitching, therefore, leading interested students, professors, and researchers to a better understanding of the regularities governing Spanish-English codeswitches, the representation and processing of codeswitches in the bilingual brain, the interaction between bilinguals’ languages and their mutual influence during linguistic expression.
05
This volume is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary update on research involving the language pair which has given rise to some of the most influential and ground-breaking research on codeswitching. Just as work on Spanish-English codeswitching has in the past provided the model for research on most other language pairs, this state of the art collection will no doubt have an important impact on future developments in codeswitching research in general. Bringing together the work of leading scholars adopting diverse perspectives and drawing on a wide range of data from different geographical areas, it will thus be essential reading for codeswitching researchers and students from all disciplinary backgrounds.
Margaret Deuchar, University of Cambridge
05
This attractive volume brings together many of the key researchers in this important domain. It reflects the wide multidisciplinary scope of this research topic, and extends into written sources, a welcome addition.
Pieter Muysken, Radboud University, Nijmegen
05
This book might well be unique in its explicit agenda of studying codeswitching from a cross-disciplinary and cross-methodological perspective. Every major topic is represented in this volume and discussed by a major specialist.
Luis López, University of Illinois at Chicago
05
Taking as a starting point the construct of codeswitching, this brilliant roster of scholars provides great insights into the language of speakers of many ethnicities and nationalities who regularly use Spanish and English. The scope of the investigation includes speech and writing, as well as subjects of different ethnolinguistic affiliations. The book will be a most useful tool for both scholarship and teaching for anyone interested in bilingualism.
Ricardo Otheguy, The Graduate Center, City University of New York
05
This is an impressive collection of first-rate articles focusing on the now-problematized notion of codeswitching. It is a must-read for researchers interested in Spanish-English bilingualism in the United States and the Caribbean and for those engaged in the debates on translanguaging, codeswitching, and codemixing. The editors are to be congratulated for bringing together an outstanding volume.
Guadalupe Valdés, Stanford University
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.11.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027258106.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027258106.tif
06
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ihll.11.hb.png
07
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ihll.11.png
25
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ihll.11.hb.png
27
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.11.hb.png
10
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JB code
ihll.11.00ack
viii
1
Miscellaneous
1
01
Acknowledgements
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.001int
1
7
7
Article
2
01
Introduction: Multiple influencing factors, diverse participants, varied techniques
Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of Spanish-English codeswitching
1
A01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
Universidad de Puerto Rico
2
A01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
Universidad de Puerto Rico
3
A01
M. Carmen Parafita Couto
Parafita Couto, M. Carmen
M. Carmen
Parafita Couto
Leiden University
10
01
JB code
ihll.11.s1
Section header
3
01
I. Codeswitching, identity, attitudes, and language politics
10
01
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Article
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Spanglish
Language politics vs <italic>el habla del pueblo</italic>
1
A01
Ana Celia Zentella
Zentella, Ana Celia
Ana Celia
Zentella
University of California, San Diego and City University of New York
20
anthro-political linguistics
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linguistic intolerance
20
Real Academia Española
20
Spanglish
01
Puerto Rico has been linked to Spanglish – both the style of speaking and the label – since the term was coined by a famous island detractor in 1948. More recently, Puerto Rican poets and linguists have been in the vanguard against purported “friends” unaware of the linguistic facts, against the Real Academia Española’s definition of “espanglish”, and the damaging views of the North American Academy of the Spanish language. An anthro-political linguistic analysis explains how the racialization of Puerto Ricans and other Latin@s is at the root of these attacks, and why the Spanglish label itself must be defended; supporting data include the attitudes of 115 U.S. Spanish speakers. Implications for linguistic tolerance, language loss, and education are addressed.
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Article
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Codeswitching and identity among Island Puerto Rican bilinguals
1
A01
Marisol Pérez Casas
Pérez Casas, Marisol
Marisol
Pérez Casas
20
bilinguals
20
elite
20
Puerto Rico
20
social identities
01
This study investigates how a network of elite, educated bilinguals on the Island of Puerto Rico (PR) alternate between English and Spanish in everyday, casual conversations, and how their choice of language relates to their social identities. Due to the complex relationship between Spanish and English in PR this context is ideal for looking into the meaning and social significance of CS, and how individual creativity and collective social knowledge intersect in identity creation. Ethnographic interviews and observations, audio recording of casual conversations, and a thorough understanding of speakers’ socio-cultural realities revealed the development of the communicative style of CS, and its relationship to the enactment, reproduction, and shaping of the following identity categories: ‘elite,’ ‘American,’ and ‘Puerto Rican.’
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80
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Article
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Codeswitching among African-American English, Spanish and Standard English in computer-mediated discourse
The negotiation of identities by Puerto Rican students
1
A01
Arlene Clachar
Clachar, Arlene
Arlene
Clachar
University of Miami, Florida
20
African-American English
20
computer discourse
20
Hip Hop
20
Puerto Ricans
20
Spanish
01
This chapter examines codeswitching (CS) behaviors among African-­American English, Spanish and Standard English by Puerto Rican Return Migrant (PRRM) students as they develop academic writing in Spanish and English and use their writing to create websites. The students exchange e-mail messages which highlight the covert manner in which racialized discourses are negotiated. The chapter investigates the extent to which computer-mediated discourse (through e-mail messages) shapes PRRM students’ negotiations of identities in CS. In doing so, the chapter analyzes CS in naturally occurring discourses to show how PRRMs enact the notion of resistance/solidarity by creating social boundaries between the prestige accorded the dominant code of whiteness, i.e., Standard English and resistance/solidarity accorded African-American English and Spanish in urban America and Puerto Rico.
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II. Links between codeswitching and language proficiency and fluency
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105
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Article
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<italic>Hablamos los dos</italic> in the Windy City
Codeswitching among Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and MexiRicans in Chicago
1
A01
Lourdes Torres
Torres, Lourdes
Lourdes
Torres
DePaul University
2
A01
Kim Potowski
Potowski, Kim
Kim
Potowski
University of Illinois at Chicago
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bilinguals
20
Chicago
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Mexicans
20
MexiRicans
20
Puerto Ricans
01
This chapter offers an analysis of codeswitching in Latino Chicago. The data were collected in one-hour, Spanish language sociolinguistic interviews with 64 Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and MexiRicans from three generational groups. We argue that codeswitching is a shared practice in the Chicago bilingual community that is utilized by Puerto Rican, Mexican and MexiRican speakers who have a solid proficiency in both languages and also by speakers for whom codeswitching may be a sign of language shift in process. The frequency of codeswitching varies by ethnolinguistic group and generation, and codeswitching has differing functions for speakers with varying proficiency levels in the same community.
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ihll.11.05lic
107
138
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Article
9
01
Language dominance and language nativeness
The view from English-Spanish codeswitching
1
A01
Juana M. Liceras
Liceras, Juana M.
Juana M.
Liceras
University of Ottawa and Universidad Nebrija
2
A01
Raquel Fernández Fuertes
Fernández Fuertes, Raquel
Raquel
Fernández Fuertes
Universidad de Valladolid
3
A01
Rachel Klassen
Klassen, Rachel
Rachel
Klassen
University of Ottawa
20
analogical criterion
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dominance
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feature valuation
20
gender
20
nativeness
01
Investigating the interpretation and production of codeswitched structures involving functional and lexical categories by bilingual speakers constitutes a reliable tool to assess language dominance and/or nativeness. Language dominance has been described and measured in the context of bilingualism while nativeness is more rooted in the characterization of primary versus non-primary acquisition. Both concepts are intended to identify the specific ways in which language is represented in the mind of a bilingual. We draw from three different hypotheses formulated in the context of formal linguistics: the Grammatical Features Spell-Out Hypothesis, the Gender Double-Feature Valuation Mechanism, and the PF Interface Condition to show whether and how the codeswitching conditions established by these hypotheses constitute a diagnostic for language dominance and language nativeness.
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Article
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The role of unintentional/involuntary codeswitching
The
role of unintentional/involuntary codeswitching
Did I really say that?
1
A01
John M. Lipski
Lipski, John M.
John M.
Lipski
The Pennsylvania State University
20
componential analysis
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fluency
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intrasentential codeswitching
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involuntary codeswitching
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second language learners
01
Most research on codeswitching (CS), especially in intrasentential contexts, has focused on fluent bilinguals, implicitly assumed to have enough competence in each language so that CS is voluntary (even if not always carefully planned). There are other forms of bilingual CS that are not consistent with the ability to voluntarily sustain a conversation in a single language. The present study compares fluent and low-fluency Spanish-English switching from bilinguals of varying degrees of competence in Spanish. The study devotes special attention to unintended and apparently involuntary lapses into the L1 involving configurations larger than simple lexical insertions. An analysis reveals qualitative differences between fluent and low-fluency Spanish-English switching, and tentatively suggests that different mechanisms underlie each type of language switching.
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III. Codeswitching in written corpora
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189
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Article
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The stratification of English-language lone-word and multi-word material in Puerto Rican Spanish-language press outlets
The
stratification of English-language lone-word and multi-word material in Puerto Rican Spanish-language press outlets
A computational approach
1
A01
Barbara E. Bullock
Bullock, Barbara E.
Barbara E.
Bullock
The University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Jacqueline Larsen Serigos
Serigos, Jacqueline Larsen
Jacqueline Larsen
Serigos
The University of Texas at Austin
3
A01
Almeida Jacqueline Toribio
Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline
Almeida Jacqueline
Toribio
The University of Texas at Austin
20
computational
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corpus
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loanwords
20
Spanish-English codeswitching
01
This chapter considers the presence of English in a 3.3-million-word corpus of Puerto Rican news press addressed to distinct social classes: El Vocero, published for a working-class population, El Nuevo Día for a mainstream market, and 80grados for an intellectual readership. Statistical models reveal no significant differences between sub-corpora with respect to the frequency of English unigram and bigram tokens. However, significant differences are returned for English 3+grams sequences: 80grados presents longer, more diverse and complex English spans than do El Nuevo Día and El Vocero. Interpreting the results in view of the social context, we suggest that, in Puerto Rico, the use simplex and compound anglicisms might not signal prestige; it could be code-switching that is linked with status.
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ihll.11.08mon
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213
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Article
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Socio-pragmatic functions of codeswitching in Nuyorican & Cuban American literature
1
A01
Cecilia Montes-Alcalá
Montes-Alcalá, Cecilia
Cecilia
Montes-Alcalá
Georgia Institute of Technology
20
bilingual literature
20
socio-pragmatic functions
20
Spanish-English codeswitching
01
This chapter emphasizes the social, pragmatic, and cultural nature of codeswitching (CS) over the search for grammatical constraints on the phenomenon. While the bulk of research performed on language mixing has concentrated on spontaneous oral production, the present investigation focuses on CS in literary writing. Through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a selection of contemporary Nuyorican and Cuban American bilingual literature (poetry, drama, and fiction) the goal of the study is to determine the extent to which literary CS reflects ordinary bilingual speech and performs socio-pragmatic functions similar to those ascribed to natural bilingual discourse. It also seeks to establish whether literary CS displays any substantial differences across genres and/or between the two groups analyzed.
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233
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Article
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“Show what you know”
Translanguaging in dynamic assessment in a bilingual university classroom
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A01
Catherine M. Mazak
Mazak, Catherine M.
Catherine M.
Mazak
University of Puerto Rico
2
A01
Rosita L. Rivera
Rivera, Rosita L.
Rosita L.
Rivera
University of Puerto Rico
3
A01
Glory J. Soto
Soto, Glory J.
Glory J.
Soto
University of Puerto Rico
20
assessment
20
bilingual education
20
translanguaging
01
In Puerto Rican academia, Spanish and English are ever-present as students and professors negotiate their everyday language (Spanish) and the “international language of academia” (English). This study uses a translanguaging lens to examine the academic writing of university psychology majors in a neuropsychology course. The data consists of written exams from three sections of the same course (n = 83), all taught by the same professor, but using different languages as the medium of instruction (Spanish, English, and “both”). However, the professor allowed students to answer the written exams in whatever language combination they chose. This chapter describes the translanguaging practices used by students on the exams, and examines the relationship between medium of instruction, question type, and translanguaging practices.
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IV. Bilingual structure in codeswitching
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260
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Article
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<italic>Tú y yo</italic> can codeswitch, <italic>nosotros</italic> cannot
Pronouns in Spanish-English codeswitching
1
A01
Kay González-Vilbazo
González-Vilbazo, Kay
Kay
González-Vilbazo
University of Illinois at Chicago
2
A01
Bryan Koronkiewicz
Koronkiewicz, Bryan
Bryan
Koronkiewicz
The University of Alabama
20
acceptability judgments
20
intersentential codeswitching
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pronouns
01
Pronouns have been generally reported to be ungrammatical in intrasentential codeswitching (CS) (Gumperz, 1977; Lipski, 1978; Timm, 1975; among others). However, pronouns can be found in a variety of syntactic, prosodic and/or phonological contexts, the full breadth of which has yet to be investigated systematically in Spanish-English CS. It is uncertain whether the inability to be codeswitched is generalizable to all Spanish and English pronouns regardless of context. To test this, an acceptability judgment task including pronouns in varied contexts was conducted with Spanish-English bilinguals in the United States. The results provide evidence that not all pronouns are unacceptable in intrasentential Spanish-English CS. Specifically, four different contexts are found to enable pronouns to be codeswitched: coordination, modification, prosodic stress and cleft constructions.
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Article
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On the productive use of ‘hacer + V’ in Northern Belize bilingual/trilingual codeswitching
1
A01
Osmer Balam
Balam, Osmer
Osmer
Balam
University of Florida
2
A01
Ana de Prada Pérez
Prada Pérez, Ana de
Ana
de
Prada Pérez
University of Florida
20
bilingual compound verbs
20
bilingual light verb constructions
20
linguistic productivity and innovation
20
Northern Belize contact Spanish
01
We examine bilingual light verb constructions (BLVCs) in Northern Belize codeswitching by analyzing clause type, syntactic verb type, pronoun type and number of syllables in both switched and non-switched utterances. Results revealed that BLVCs appear in a rich variety of syntactic, lexical and phonological contexts. Although there were distributional trends that were similar across switched and monolingual data, BLVCs were noted for their structural complexity in terms of nominal and adverbial subordination. Also salient in these hybrid constructions was the skillful integration of Spanish pronominal features. The Northern Belize data reveal that these syntactic innovations do not only exhibit productivity and language creativity, but the optimal use of linguistic resources as well.
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300
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Article
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Mixed NPs in Spanish-English bilingual speech
Using a corpus-based approach to inform models of sentence processing
1
A01
Jorge R. Valdés Kroff
Valdés Kroff, Jorge R.
Jorge R.
Valdés Kroff
University of Florida
20
corpus study
20
default gender
20
gender asymmetry
20
grammatical gender
20
mixed noun phrases
01
Bilinguals speaking with other bilinguals engage in codeswitching (CS). CS is not a priori predictable, yet bilinguals suffer no appreciable costs to communication. One hypothesis explaining this ease is an exposure-driven account whereby speakers converge upon conventional production patterns, which may help guide comprehension. In this study, I quantify and investigate the use of grammatical gender in Spanish-English mixed noun phrases using a bilingual spoken language corpus. Results reveal a robust gender asymmetry where masculine gender is the default gender when switching into an English noun (e.g. un juice ‘themasc juice,’un cookie ‘themasc cookie’). In contrast, feminine-marked switches are infrequent and used with feminine translation equivalents (e.g. una cookie, ‘thefem cookie’). This asymmetry forms testable predictions for how bilinguals use grammatical gender in CS comprehension.
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322
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Article
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01
Comprehension patterns of two groups of Spanish-English bilingual codeswitchers
1
A01
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo
Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.
Rosa E.
Guzzardo Tamargo
Universidad de Puerto Rico
2
A01
Paola E. Dussias
Dussias, Paola E.
Paola E.
Dussias
The Pennsylvania State University
20
bilingual communities
20
comprehension
20
eye-tracking
20
intrasentential codeswitching
20
Spanish-English
01
Current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the production and comprehension of codeswitches derives largely from studies with bilingual speakers who do not codeswitch or who report codeswitching (CS), but do not belong to stable bilingual communities. Although these data have a place in CS research, the foundational knowledge must characterize bilinguals in communities where CS is linked to community norms. We examine this issue by comparing a group of Spanish-English bilinguals from Harlem, home to a well-defined community with regular CS, and a group of Spanish-English bilinguals who resemble participants of past lab studies. We recorded eye movements while participants read frequent and infrequent switches found in Spanish-English corpora. Despite differences between both groups, the findings revealed strikingly similar eye-movement patterns.
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Miscellaneous
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Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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20160907
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
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