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14015810 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IHLL 8 Eb 15 9789027267245 06 10.1075/ihll.8 13 2016009684 DG 002 02 01 IHLL 02 2213-3887 Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis</TitleText> 01 ihll.8 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.8 1 B01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 B01 Fernando Tejedo-Herrero Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando Fernando Tejedo-Herrero University of Wisconsin - Madison 01 eng 422 xvi 406 LAN009000 v.2006 CFB 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book explores the current state of Spanish sociolinguistics and its contribution to theories of language variation and change, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It offers original analyses on a variety of topics across a wide spectrum of linguistic subfields from different formal, experimental, and corpus-based standpoints. The volume is organized around six thematic sections: (i) Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics; (ii) Bilingualism; (iii) Language Acquisition; (iv) Phonological Variation; (v) Morpho-Syntactic Variation; and (vi) Lexical Variation. As a whole, this collection reflects an array of approaches and analyses that show how in its variation across speakers, speech communities, linguistic contexts, communicative situations, dialects, and time, the Spanish language provides an immense wealth of data to challenge accepted linguistic views and shape new theoretical proposals in the field of language variation and change. Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis represents a significant contribution to the growing field of Spanish sociolinguistics. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.8.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027258076.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027258076.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ihll.8.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ihll.8.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ihll.8.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.8.hb.png 10 01 JB code ihll.8.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.002int xi xvi 6 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> 1 A01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 A01 Fernando Tejedo-Herrero Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando Fernando Tejedo-Herrero University of Wisconsin-Madison 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.01tag 1 32 32 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Quantitative analysis in language variation and change</TitleText> 1 A01 Sali A. Tagliamonte Tagliamonte, Sali A. Sali A. Tagliamonte University of Toronto 20 language variation 20 quantitative analysis 20 Varb 01 The essential goal of variation analysis is to understand the behavior of the dependent variable according to a series of factors, either external (social) or internal (grammatical), (Sankoff, 1988, p. 985). I begin with a brief review of the standard tool, logistic regression using the <i>Varb</i> family of programs. I will also introduce new tools, mixed effects models and condition inference trees relying on the discussions in Baayen (2008), Gries (2009), Johnson (2009). 10 01 JB code ihll.8.02sch 33 88 56 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Combining population genetics (DNA) with historical linguistics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">On the African origins of Latin America&#8217;s black and mulatto populations</Subtitle> 1 A01 Armin Schwegler Schwegler, Armin Armin Schwegler University of California, Irvine 20 African origins 20 Chewa (Malawi) 20 Colombia 20 Cuba 20 Kongo 20 Loango 20 Mayombe 20 Palenque 20 Palenquero 20 Palo Monte 20 population genetics 20 slave trade 20 Vili 20 Yombe 01 The purpose of this chapter is to explore the African provenience of some of Latin America&#8217;s Black inhabitants and to demonstrate how recent advances in research have made it possible to determine their ancestors&#8217; origin with a high degree of specificity. To that end, the ancestry of two specific (and admittedly unusual) communities will be examined from a linguistic perspective: (1) the maroon village of Palenque (Colombia), and (2) ritual &#8220;families&#8221; of Palo Monte (Cuba). Part 2 of this chapter then sets these findings in dialogue with the latest investigations regarding the population genetics (DNA) of Palenque and over 40 sub-Saharan ethnolinguistic communities. The combined results of this interdisciplinary DNA and linguistic research point to a monogenetic hypothesis that places Bakongo slaves from a small region (Mayombe, also known as Yombe) in Western Central Africa at the center of Palenque&#8217;s and Palo Monte&#8217;s foundational story. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s2 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Bilingualism</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.03par 89 108 20 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An analytical approach to its <i>indicators, markers, and stereotypes</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Claudia Parodi Parodi, Claudia Claudia Parodi University of California, Los Angeles 2 A01 Armando Guerrero Guerrero, Armando Armando Guerrero University of California, Los Angeles 20 (non)standard Spanish 20 indicators 20 LAVS 20 markers 20 Mexican Spanish 20 speech community 20 stereotypes 01 Our goal in this chapter is to test the perception of a typology of nonstandard Spanish features and Salvadoran lexical items among speakers of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish (LAVS), a variant of Mexican Spanish used by the predominant Spanish-speaking speech community in Los Angeles. We demonstrate how Spanish-speaking immigrant communities in the United States reclassify acceptability ratings in a country that does not impose Standard Spanish, unless the speaker willingly enrolls in courses of L2 Spanish. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.04lip 109 134 26 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On the tenacity of Andean Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Intra-community recycling</Subtitle> 1 A01 John M. Lipski Lipski, John M. John M. Lipski The Pennsylvania State University 20 bilingualism 20 language contact 20 Quechua 20 Spanish 01 The present study draws on field data from communities of Quechua-dominant late bilinguals in northern Ecuador, a configuration typical of literary and folkloric portrayals of Andean Spanish. A comparison of contemporary data with earlier literary imitations as well as more trustworthy transcriptions reveals a combination of (possibly Quechua-induced) L2 Spanish features and a group of traits that cannot be reasonably analyzed as arising spontaneously and consistently generation after generation. Among the latter are the enclitic particles -<i>ca </i>and <i>-tan, </i>gerunds instead of finite verbs, and some specific lexical variants. Since it has generally been assumed that Quechua-Spanish interlanguage is an idiolectally variable and transitory register used primarily with monolingual interlocutors, the trans-generational survival of a cluster of Andean Spanish traits requires further explanation. This study presents a model for intra-community recycling, using data from ethnographic interviews, sociolinguistic inquiries, and interactive tasks performed by a broad cross-section of Spanish-Quechua bilinguals. The approach is offered as an addition to the toolkit for the analysis of long-standing language contact environments. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.05mar 135 154 20 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish and Valencian in contact</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A study on the linguistic landscape of Elche</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francisco Martínez Ibarra Martínez Ibarra, Francisco Francisco Martínez Ibarra Towson University 20 Catalan 20 Elche 20 linguistic landscape 20 Valencian 01 The purpose of my study is to analyze the contact between Spanish and Valencian in the linguistic landscape of Elche. What are the languages being used and on what types of signs&#63; Does the linguistic landscape reflect the language use and attitudes of the population of Elche&#63; What does the linguistic landscape say about the way language policies are being implemented by local and regional governments&#63; Over 3000 data items were collected and examined based on a number of factors such as the languages being used, the author of the signs, and the location where each sign was observed. Results confirm the dominance of Spanish and suggest a weak implementation of language policies aimed at the normalization of Valencian. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s3 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Language Acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.06shi 155 176 22 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Children&#8217;s Spanish subject pronoun expression</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A developmental change in <i>t&#250;</i>&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Naomi Shin Shin, Naomi Naomi Shin University of New Mexico 20 child language development 20 nonspecific reference 20 politeness 20 Spanish subject pronouns 20 variation in child language 01 This study explores children&#8217;s acquisition of structured morphosyntactic variation by examining Spanish subject pronoun expression. Analyses of 5,923 verbs produced by 154 Mexican children, ages 6 to 16, show that the variables that most strongly constrain the oldest children&#8217;s pronoun usage &#8211; Person, Reference, Priming &#8211; are acquired first during childhood. These variables exert similar effects across age, with the exception of second-person singular, which favors <i>t&#250; </i>expression among younger children and <i>t&#250; </i>omission among older children. The developmental trajectory from more to less <i>t&#250; </i>expression is explained as the result of (a) increasing production of nonspecific reference, which in turn decreases rates of <i>t&#250;</i>, and (b) abundant reported speech in the younger children&#8217;s data, which rendered <i>t&#250; </i>expression pragmatically appropriate. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.07pop 177 196 20 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Joshua Pope Pope, Joshua Joshua Pope Doane College 20 second language acquisition 20 social networks 20 study abroad 01 Research shows that students who study abroad (SA) gain in communicative and discourse skills more than their at-home (AH) counterparts (Freed, 1995). However, such advantages are not automatic. For example, evidence of SA phonological advantages over AH is clear at times (e.g. D&#237;az Campos, 2006) while not in others (e.g. Geeslin &#38; Gudmestad, 2011). This study adds to the conversation about phonological acquisition during SA and posits that learner social networks (Milroy, 1987) are key in such acquisition. It examines the realizations of [&#952;] in four English native speakers who spent one year in Madrid. Two used [&#952;] consistently while the other two did not. The participants&#8217; social networks can be used, in part, to explain the discrepancy. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.08lin 197 216 20 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical frequency and subject expression in native and non-native Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A closer look at independent and mediating effects</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bret Linford Linford, Bret Bret Linford Grand Valley State University 2 A01 Avizia Y. Long Long, Avizia Y. Avizia Y. Long Indiana University 3 A01 Megan Solon Solon, Megan Megan Solon University at Albany – SUNY 4 A01 Melissa E. Whatley Whatley, Melissa E. Melissa E. Whatley University of Georgia 5 A01 Kimberly L. Geeslin Geeslin, Kimberly L. Kimberly L. Geeslin Indiana University 20 lexical frequency 20 subject expression 01 This paper investigates the effect of lexical frequency on third-person subject form variation by native and highly-advanced non-native speakers of Spanish. In line with previous research, verb tokens which represented 1&#37; or more of the total tokens were categorized as frequent whereas all others were categorized as infrequent. We also coded for six other linguistic variables: number, referent specificity, semantic class, morphological regularity, TMA, and switch reference. The findings revealed that lexical frequency did not have an independent effect on third-person subject form variation and in only one case did high lexical frequency appear to activate the effect of another linguistic factor. We discuss our results alongside findings of previous research and offer directions for future research. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s4 Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Phonological Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.09mic 217 240 24 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On glottal stops in Yucatan Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Language contact and dialect standardization</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jim Michnowicz Michnowicz, Jim Jim Michnowicz North Carolina State University 2 A01 Laura Kagan Kagan, Laura Laura Kagan North Carolina State University 20 glottalization 20 standardization 20 Yucatan Spanish 01 This article examines the impact of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the production of glottalization (/&#660;/ and creaky voice) in Yucatan Spanish. The results of this study suggest that glottal insertion before vowel-initial words in Yucatan Spanish is the product of language contact mediated by internal development. It also indicates that glottal insertion, like other traditional features of Yucatan Spanish, is undergoing a process of standardization, whereby younger, more educated speakers employ a less traditional, more &#8216;standard&#8217; variety of Spanish. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.10bar 241 260 20 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Vowel raising and social networks in Michoac&#225;n</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A sociophonetic analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jennifer Barajas Barajas, Jennifer Jennifer Barajas Bradley University 20 social networks 20 sociophonetic variation 20 vocalic variation 20 vowel raising 01 I present an acoustic analysis of variable vowel raising in rural Mexican Spanish. This process involves the mid vowels, /e/ and /o/, in unstressed post-tonic positions and their variable realizations as [e, i] or [o, u], respectively. I perform a sociophonetic analysis using the formant values of the relevant vowels and then examine the influence of social networks on this phenomenon. This study represents the first systematic description of vowel raising in the region. Additionally, I use social factors, such as time spent in and out of the community, to create social networks that capture subtle social differences. The results show more /e/ than /o/ raising and less raising overall for participants who have more interactions outside of Michoac&#225;n. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.11cha 261 282 22 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Bilingualism and aspiration</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Coda /s/ reduction on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua</Subtitle> 1 A01 Whitney Chappell Chappell, Whitney Whitney Chappell The University of Texas at San Antonio 20 /s/ reduction 20 acquisition of variation 20 Bilwi 20 Miskitu 20 Nicaraguan Spanish 01 Spanish has become increasingly prevalent in Bilwi, a Nicaraguan town on the northern Atlantic Coast, where many L1-Miskitu locals are now Spanish-dominant. As the community shifts towards Spanish, I investigate whether these L2-Spanish speakers are producing advanced rates of coda /s/ reduction like monolingual Nicaraguan Spanish speakers. In a comparison of the Miskitu&#8217;s reduction rates with Spanish monolinguals, I find that Miskitu speakers who learned Spanish later in life do reduce coda /s/ but diverge from monolingual reduction rates preconsonantally. I contend that salience and perceptibility can account for this difference. While monolinguals reduce /s/ the most in cue-impoverished environments, the L2-Spanish speakers reduce /s/ more where they hear the reductions the best: in cue-rich, prevocalic environments. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s5 Section header 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part V. Morpho-Syntactic Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.12ses 283 304 22 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish and Portuguese parallels</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Impoverished number agreement as a vernacular feature of two rural dialects</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 A01 Letania Ferreira Ferreira, Letania Letania Ferreira Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco 20 Afro-Bolivian Spanish 20 determiner phrase 20 number agreement 20 Popular Brazilian Portuguese 20 rural dialects 01 This paper investigates variable number agreement phenomena across the Determiner Phrase (DP) of two non-standard varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in Latin America: Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS) and Popular Brazilian Portuguese (PBP). In line with recent studies in the field of minimalist syntax (Adger &#38; Smith, 2005; Sessarego, 2014), this article combines sociolinguistic techniques of data collection with generative models of analysis to obtain more fine-grained, empirically testable generalizations. The presence of an impoverished agreement system in these two varieties is studied in light of recent linguistic proposals on the nature of default values (Harley &#38; Ritter, 2002). These findings are generalized to other grammatical constructions, which systematically occur across a number of vernacular dialects. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.13wey 305 322 18 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Is it as stable as it seems&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Joseph R. Weyers Weyers, Joseph R. Joseph R. Weyers College of Charleston 20 forms of address 20 tuteo 20 Uruguay 20 voseo 01 Although Uruguay is generally considered <i>voseante, </i>its easternmost department of Rocha is known for its seemingly stable <i>tuteo</i> (T-T). The evidence of a stable <i>tuteo</i> in Rocha to date has been anecdotal. Weyers (2014) studied teenagers&#8217; attitudes toward second person singular forms and found that young speakers in Rocha have a strong sense of pride in their <i>tuteo</i> and link it to their identity. At the same time, they demonstrate openness toward the <i>voseo</i> of Montevideo. The current study builds on Weyers (2014). Here, 55 informants participated in a two-part survey. The first part includes Weyers&#8217; (2014) linguistic attitudes survey in part, the results for which are corroborated by this more heterogeneous sample. The second part was an elicitation task for which speakers produced second person singular imperatives or present indicative forms. The findings show that while <i>tuteo</i> forms are generally preferred, nearly half of the informants preferred the <i>voseo</i> form of <i>ser</i> in an elicitation task. Younger speakers, primarily male, were more apt to prefer <i>sos</i> over <i>eres</i>, citing its sense of informality to the <i>tuteo</i>&#8217;s formality. The data from the current study suggest that Rocha&#8217;s <i>tuteo</i> might not be as stable as commonly thought. This study provides a foundation for subsequent research on the potential for a future shift from <i>tuteo</i> to <i>voseo</i>. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.14bar 323 342 20 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Carolina Barrera Tobón Barrera Tobón, Carolina Carolina Barrera Tobón DePaul University 2 A01 Rocío Raña-Risso Raña-Risso, Rocío Rocío Raña-Risso The CUNY Graduate Center 20 contact-induced change 20 subject placement 20 Threshold Hypothesis 01 This chapter reports on a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of variable subject placement in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City. We show that second-generation speakers exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers, and we attribute this difference to their increased use of and contact with English. However, we also find that regional differences in subject placement in the first generation are maintained, to a certain degree, in the second generation, indicating that both English contact and continuity with Latin American ways of speaking shape Spanish in New York City. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s6 Section header 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part VI. Lexical Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.15kor 343 362 20 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Social factors in semantic change</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based case study of the verb afeitar &#8216;to adorn, to apply cosmetics, to shave&#8217;</Subtitle> 1 A01 David Korfhagen Korfhagen, David David Korfhagen University of Wisconsin-Madison 20 referential and non-referential meaning 20 schematic conceptualization 20 semasiology 01 This study traces the semasiological development of the verb <i>afeitar</i>, taking into account probable intervening social and cognitive factors that contributed to several shifts in the verb&#8217;s prototypical meaning. Data collected from electronic corpora suggest the existence of three phases in the semantic development of the verb. Literary evidence from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries suggests that the social &#233;lite increasingly viewed the act of applying cosmetics in a negative light. The study argues that positive connotations were a conventionalized, requisite component to the meaning suggested by the verb, and that the verb was therefore increasingly viewed as inappropriate for reference to the act of applying cosmetics, while it remained perfectly suitable for reference to the act of shaving. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.16gim 363 380 18 Article 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Attitudes towards lexical Arabisms in sixteenth-century Spanish texts</TitleText> 1 A01 Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar Giménez-Eguíbar, Patricia Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar Western Oregon University 20 Arabisms 20 language attitude 20 lexical obsolescence 20 prescription 20 standardization 01 This article studies the linguistic attitudes towards Arabisms as reflected in various texts of the sixteenth-century and offers abundant comments from diverse authors that demonstrate their status as linguistic stereotypes. Through an examination of the revision of <i>La Primera parte de una recopilaci&#243;n de algunos nombres ar&#225;bigos </i>(<i>circa</i> 1593) by Diego de Guadix, the relationship between language and society is demonstrated through the linguistic attitudes evident toward both the Arabic language and Arabisms. Another prominent aspect of the <i>Recopilaci&#243;n</i> is the case of lexical prescription (e.g. <i>almad&#237;a</i>, <i>alfayata</i>, <i>zaguera</i> or <i>adarve</i>) that may result during the process of substitution for Arabisms, a topic widely mentioned by many scholars. One of the immediate consequences of these evolving linguistic attitudes was the gradual elimination of Arabisms during the processes of reviewing and editing texts of the period. There are six editions of Gabriel Alonso de Herrera&#8217;s <i>Obra de Agricultura</i>, all of them revised by the author. A collation of the editions sheds light on one the most opaque processes in the history of the lexicon: the replacement of Arabisms. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.17rom 381 400 20 Article 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8220;Trabajar es en espa&#241;ol, en ladino es lavorar&#8221;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Lexical Accommodation in Judeo-Spanish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Rey Romero Romero, Rey Rey Romero University of Houston-Downtown 20 dialect contact 20 Judeo-Spanish 20 Ladino 20 language attitudes 20 lexical accommodation 01 This study analyzes lexical accommodation in Judeo-Spanish (JS) to model Peninsular and Latin American (PLA) Spanish varieties. Data were obtained through sociolinguistic interviews, including an oral translation task, conducted in Istanbul, the Prince Islands, and New York City. Although accommodation appears higher in those lexical items that involve phonological adaptation, such as changing a JS palatal to a PLA velar ([mu.&#712;&#658;er] &#8594; [mu.&#712;xer]), accommodation by lemma replacement is also a widely-used strategy (JS <i>merkar</i> &#8594; PLA <i>comprar</i>). Most of these lemmas appear in all three communities, and a statistical analysis demonstrated that accommodation is higher among speakers 60 years of age and younger. Also, New York City presents the highest percentages of accommodation, probably due to constant contact with other Hispanic and PLA Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Additional sources and motivations for accommodation include having relatives in Spanish-speaking areas, language attitudes, and professional marketability in a globalized economy. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.18ind 401 406 6 Article 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20160525 2016 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027258076 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 182015809 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IHLL 8 Hb 15 9789027258076 13 2016001811 BB 01 IHLL 02 2213-3887 Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis</TitleText> 01 ihll.8 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.8 1 B01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 B01 Fernando Tejedo-Herrero Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando Fernando Tejedo-Herrero University of Wisconsin - Madison 01 eng 422 xvi 406 LAN009000 v.2006 CFB 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book explores the current state of Spanish sociolinguistics and its contribution to theories of language variation and change, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It offers original analyses on a variety of topics across a wide spectrum of linguistic subfields from different formal, experimental, and corpus-based standpoints. The volume is organized around six thematic sections: (i) Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics; (ii) Bilingualism; (iii) Language Acquisition; (iv) Phonological Variation; (v) Morpho-Syntactic Variation; and (vi) Lexical Variation. As a whole, this collection reflects an array of approaches and analyses that show how in its variation across speakers, speech communities, linguistic contexts, communicative situations, dialects, and time, the Spanish language provides an immense wealth of data to challenge accepted linguistic views and shape new theoretical proposals in the field of language variation and change. Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis represents a significant contribution to the growing field of Spanish sociolinguistics. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.8.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027258076.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027258076.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ihll.8.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ihll.8.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ihll.8.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.8.hb.png 10 01 JB code ihll.8.001ack ix x 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgments</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.002int xi xvi 6 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> 1 A01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 A01 Fernando Tejedo-Herrero Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando Fernando Tejedo-Herrero University of Wisconsin-Madison 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.01tag 1 32 32 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Quantitative analysis in language variation and change</TitleText> 1 A01 Sali A. Tagliamonte Tagliamonte, Sali A. Sali A. Tagliamonte University of Toronto 20 language variation 20 quantitative analysis 20 Varb 01 The essential goal of variation analysis is to understand the behavior of the dependent variable according to a series of factors, either external (social) or internal (grammatical), (Sankoff, 1988, p. 985). I begin with a brief review of the standard tool, logistic regression using the <i>Varb</i> family of programs. I will also introduce new tools, mixed effects models and condition inference trees relying on the discussions in Baayen (2008), Gries (2009), Johnson (2009). 10 01 JB code ihll.8.02sch 33 88 56 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Combining population genetics (DNA) with historical linguistics</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">On the African origins of Latin America&#8217;s black and mulatto populations</Subtitle> 1 A01 Armin Schwegler Schwegler, Armin Armin Schwegler University of California, Irvine 20 African origins 20 Chewa (Malawi) 20 Colombia 20 Cuba 20 Kongo 20 Loango 20 Mayombe 20 Palenque 20 Palenquero 20 Palo Monte 20 population genetics 20 slave trade 20 Vili 20 Yombe 01 The purpose of this chapter is to explore the African provenience of some of Latin America&#8217;s Black inhabitants and to demonstrate how recent advances in research have made it possible to determine their ancestors&#8217; origin with a high degree of specificity. To that end, the ancestry of two specific (and admittedly unusual) communities will be examined from a linguistic perspective: (1) the maroon village of Palenque (Colombia), and (2) ritual &#8220;families&#8221; of Palo Monte (Cuba). Part 2 of this chapter then sets these findings in dialogue with the latest investigations regarding the population genetics (DNA) of Palenque and over 40 sub-Saharan ethnolinguistic communities. The combined results of this interdisciplinary DNA and linguistic research point to a monogenetic hypothesis that places Bakongo slaves from a small region (Mayombe, also known as Yombe) in Western Central Africa at the center of Palenque&#8217;s and Palo Monte&#8217;s foundational story. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s2 Section header 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Bilingualism</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.03par 89 108 20 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An analytical approach to its <i>indicators, markers, and stereotypes</i></Subtitle> 1 A01 Claudia Parodi Parodi, Claudia Claudia Parodi University of California, Los Angeles 2 A01 Armando Guerrero Guerrero, Armando Armando Guerrero University of California, Los Angeles 20 (non)standard Spanish 20 indicators 20 LAVS 20 markers 20 Mexican Spanish 20 speech community 20 stereotypes 01 Our goal in this chapter is to test the perception of a typology of nonstandard Spanish features and Salvadoran lexical items among speakers of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish (LAVS), a variant of Mexican Spanish used by the predominant Spanish-speaking speech community in Los Angeles. We demonstrate how Spanish-speaking immigrant communities in the United States reclassify acceptability ratings in a country that does not impose Standard Spanish, unless the speaker willingly enrolls in courses of L2 Spanish. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.04lip 109 134 26 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On the tenacity of Andean Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Intra-community recycling</Subtitle> 1 A01 John M. Lipski Lipski, John M. John M. Lipski The Pennsylvania State University 20 bilingualism 20 language contact 20 Quechua 20 Spanish 01 The present study draws on field data from communities of Quechua-dominant late bilinguals in northern Ecuador, a configuration typical of literary and folkloric portrayals of Andean Spanish. A comparison of contemporary data with earlier literary imitations as well as more trustworthy transcriptions reveals a combination of (possibly Quechua-induced) L2 Spanish features and a group of traits that cannot be reasonably analyzed as arising spontaneously and consistently generation after generation. Among the latter are the enclitic particles -<i>ca </i>and <i>-tan, </i>gerunds instead of finite verbs, and some specific lexical variants. Since it has generally been assumed that Quechua-Spanish interlanguage is an idiolectally variable and transitory register used primarily with monolingual interlocutors, the trans-generational survival of a cluster of Andean Spanish traits requires further explanation. This study presents a model for intra-community recycling, using data from ethnographic interviews, sociolinguistic inquiries, and interactive tasks performed by a broad cross-section of Spanish-Quechua bilinguals. The approach is offered as an addition to the toolkit for the analysis of long-standing language contact environments. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.05mar 135 154 20 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish and Valencian in contact</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A study on the linguistic landscape of Elche</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francisco Martínez Ibarra Martínez Ibarra, Francisco Francisco Martínez Ibarra Towson University 20 Catalan 20 Elche 20 linguistic landscape 20 Valencian 01 The purpose of my study is to analyze the contact between Spanish and Valencian in the linguistic landscape of Elche. What are the languages being used and on what types of signs&#63; Does the linguistic landscape reflect the language use and attitudes of the population of Elche&#63; What does the linguistic landscape say about the way language policies are being implemented by local and regional governments&#63; Over 3000 data items were collected and examined based on a number of factors such as the languages being used, the author of the signs, and the location where each sign was observed. Results confirm the dominance of Spanish and suggest a weak implementation of language policies aimed at the normalization of Valencian. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s3 Section header 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Language Acquisition</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.06shi 155 176 22 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Children&#8217;s Spanish subject pronoun expression</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A developmental change in <i>t&#250;</i>&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Naomi Shin Shin, Naomi Naomi Shin University of New Mexico 20 child language development 20 nonspecific reference 20 politeness 20 Spanish subject pronouns 20 variation in child language 01 This study explores children&#8217;s acquisition of structured morphosyntactic variation by examining Spanish subject pronoun expression. Analyses of 5,923 verbs produced by 154 Mexican children, ages 6 to 16, show that the variables that most strongly constrain the oldest children&#8217;s pronoun usage &#8211; Person, Reference, Priming &#8211; are acquired first during childhood. These variables exert similar effects across age, with the exception of second-person singular, which favors <i>t&#250; </i>expression among younger children and <i>t&#250; </i>omission among older children. The developmental trajectory from more to less <i>t&#250; </i>expression is explained as the result of (a) increasing production of nonspecific reference, which in turn decreases rates of <i>t&#250;</i>, and (b) abundant reported speech in the younger children&#8217;s data, which rendered <i>t&#250; </i>expression pragmatically appropriate. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.07pop 177 196 20 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Joshua Pope Pope, Joshua Joshua Pope Doane College 20 second language acquisition 20 social networks 20 study abroad 01 Research shows that students who study abroad (SA) gain in communicative and discourse skills more than their at-home (AH) counterparts (Freed, 1995). However, such advantages are not automatic. For example, evidence of SA phonological advantages over AH is clear at times (e.g. D&#237;az Campos, 2006) while not in others (e.g. Geeslin &#38; Gudmestad, 2011). This study adds to the conversation about phonological acquisition during SA and posits that learner social networks (Milroy, 1987) are key in such acquisition. It examines the realizations of [&#952;] in four English native speakers who spent one year in Madrid. Two used [&#952;] consistently while the other two did not. The participants&#8217; social networks can be used, in part, to explain the discrepancy. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.08lin 197 216 20 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical frequency and subject expression in native and non-native Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A closer look at independent and mediating effects</Subtitle> 1 A01 Bret Linford Linford, Bret Bret Linford Grand Valley State University 2 A01 Avizia Y. Long Long, Avizia Y. Avizia Y. Long Indiana University 3 A01 Megan Solon Solon, Megan Megan Solon University at Albany – SUNY 4 A01 Melissa E. Whatley Whatley, Melissa E. Melissa E. Whatley University of Georgia 5 A01 Kimberly L. Geeslin Geeslin, Kimberly L. Kimberly L. Geeslin Indiana University 20 lexical frequency 20 subject expression 01 This paper investigates the effect of lexical frequency on third-person subject form variation by native and highly-advanced non-native speakers of Spanish. In line with previous research, verb tokens which represented 1&#37; or more of the total tokens were categorized as frequent whereas all others were categorized as infrequent. We also coded for six other linguistic variables: number, referent specificity, semantic class, morphological regularity, TMA, and switch reference. The findings revealed that lexical frequency did not have an independent effect on third-person subject form variation and in only one case did high lexical frequency appear to activate the effect of another linguistic factor. We discuss our results alongside findings of previous research and offer directions for future research. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s4 Section header 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Phonological Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.09mic 217 240 24 Article 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">On glottal stops in Yucatan Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Language contact and dialect standardization</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jim Michnowicz Michnowicz, Jim Jim Michnowicz North Carolina State University 2 A01 Laura Kagan Kagan, Laura Laura Kagan North Carolina State University 20 glottalization 20 standardization 20 Yucatan Spanish 01 This article examines the impact of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the production of glottalization (/&#660;/ and creaky voice) in Yucatan Spanish. The results of this study suggest that glottal insertion before vowel-initial words in Yucatan Spanish is the product of language contact mediated by internal development. It also indicates that glottal insertion, like other traditional features of Yucatan Spanish, is undergoing a process of standardization, whereby younger, more educated speakers employ a less traditional, more &#8216;standard&#8217; variety of Spanish. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.10bar 241 260 20 Article 16 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Vowel raising and social networks in Michoac&#225;n</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A sociophonetic analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jennifer Barajas Barajas, Jennifer Jennifer Barajas Bradley University 20 social networks 20 sociophonetic variation 20 vocalic variation 20 vowel raising 01 I present an acoustic analysis of variable vowel raising in rural Mexican Spanish. This process involves the mid vowels, /e/ and /o/, in unstressed post-tonic positions and their variable realizations as [e, i] or [o, u], respectively. I perform a sociophonetic analysis using the formant values of the relevant vowels and then examine the influence of social networks on this phenomenon. This study represents the first systematic description of vowel raising in the region. Additionally, I use social factors, such as time spent in and out of the community, to create social networks that capture subtle social differences. The results show more /e/ than /o/ raising and less raising overall for participants who have more interactions outside of Michoac&#225;n. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.11cha 261 282 22 Article 17 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Bilingualism and aspiration</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Coda /s/ reduction on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua</Subtitle> 1 A01 Whitney Chappell Chappell, Whitney Whitney Chappell The University of Texas at San Antonio 20 /s/ reduction 20 acquisition of variation 20 Bilwi 20 Miskitu 20 Nicaraguan Spanish 01 Spanish has become increasingly prevalent in Bilwi, a Nicaraguan town on the northern Atlantic Coast, where many L1-Miskitu locals are now Spanish-dominant. As the community shifts towards Spanish, I investigate whether these L2-Spanish speakers are producing advanced rates of coda /s/ reduction like monolingual Nicaraguan Spanish speakers. In a comparison of the Miskitu&#8217;s reduction rates with Spanish monolinguals, I find that Miskitu speakers who learned Spanish later in life do reduce coda /s/ but diverge from monolingual reduction rates preconsonantally. I contend that salience and perceptibility can account for this difference. While monolinguals reduce /s/ the most in cue-impoverished environments, the L2-Spanish speakers reduce /s/ more where they hear the reductions the best: in cue-rich, prevocalic environments. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s5 Section header 18 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part V. Morpho-Syntactic Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.12ses 283 304 22 Article 19 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Spanish and Portuguese parallels</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Impoverished number agreement as a vernacular feature of two rural dialects</Subtitle> 1 A01 Sandro Sessarego Sessarego, Sandro Sandro Sessarego University of Texas at Austin 2 A01 Letania Ferreira Ferreira, Letania Letania Ferreira Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco 20 Afro-Bolivian Spanish 20 determiner phrase 20 number agreement 20 Popular Brazilian Portuguese 20 rural dialects 01 This paper investigates variable number agreement phenomena across the Determiner Phrase (DP) of two non-standard varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in Latin America: Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS) and Popular Brazilian Portuguese (PBP). In line with recent studies in the field of minimalist syntax (Adger &#38; Smith, 2005; Sessarego, 2014), this article combines sociolinguistic techniques of data collection with generative models of analysis to obtain more fine-grained, empirically testable generalizations. The presence of an impoverished agreement system in these two varieties is studied in light of recent linguistic proposals on the nature of default values (Harley &#38; Ritter, 2002). These findings are generalized to other grammatical constructions, which systematically occur across a number of vernacular dialects. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.13wey 305 322 18 Article 20 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Is it as stable as it seems&#63;</Subtitle> 1 A01 Joseph R. Weyers Weyers, Joseph R. Joseph R. Weyers College of Charleston 20 forms of address 20 tuteo 20 Uruguay 20 voseo 01 Although Uruguay is generally considered <i>voseante, </i>its easternmost department of Rocha is known for its seemingly stable <i>tuteo</i> (T-T). The evidence of a stable <i>tuteo</i> in Rocha to date has been anecdotal. Weyers (2014) studied teenagers&#8217; attitudes toward second person singular forms and found that young speakers in Rocha have a strong sense of pride in their <i>tuteo</i> and link it to their identity. At the same time, they demonstrate openness toward the <i>voseo</i> of Montevideo. The current study builds on Weyers (2014). Here, 55 informants participated in a two-part survey. The first part includes Weyers&#8217; (2014) linguistic attitudes survey in part, the results for which are corroborated by this more heterogeneous sample. The second part was an elicitation task for which speakers produced second person singular imperatives or present indicative forms. The findings show that while <i>tuteo</i> forms are generally preferred, nearly half of the informants preferred the <i>voseo</i> form of <i>ser</i> in an elicitation task. Younger speakers, primarily male, were more apt to prefer <i>sos</i> over <i>eres</i>, citing its sense of informality to the <i>tuteo</i>&#8217;s formality. The data from the current study suggest that Rocha&#8217;s <i>tuteo</i> might not be as stable as commonly thought. This study provides a foundation for subsequent research on the potential for a future shift from <i>tuteo</i> to <i>voseo</i>. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.14bar 323 342 20 Article 21 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">A corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>A </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Carolina Barrera Tobón Barrera Tobón, Carolina Carolina Barrera Tobón DePaul University 2 A01 Rocío Raña-Risso Raña-Risso, Rocío Rocío Raña-Risso The CUNY Graduate Center 20 contact-induced change 20 subject placement 20 Threshold Hypothesis 01 This chapter reports on a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of variable subject placement in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City. We show that second-generation speakers exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers, and we attribute this difference to their increased use of and contact with English. However, we also find that regional differences in subject placement in the first generation are maintained, to a certain degree, in the second generation, indicating that both English contact and continuity with Latin American ways of speaking shape Spanish in New York City. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.s6 Section header 22 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part VI. Lexical Variation</TitleText> 10 01 JB code ihll.8.15kor 343 362 20 Article 23 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Social factors in semantic change</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based case study of the verb afeitar &#8216;to adorn, to apply cosmetics, to shave&#8217;</Subtitle> 1 A01 David Korfhagen Korfhagen, David David Korfhagen University of Wisconsin-Madison 20 referential and non-referential meaning 20 schematic conceptualization 20 semasiology 01 This study traces the semasiological development of the verb <i>afeitar</i>, taking into account probable intervening social and cognitive factors that contributed to several shifts in the verb&#8217;s prototypical meaning. Data collected from electronic corpora suggest the existence of three phases in the semantic development of the verb. Literary evidence from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries suggests that the social &#233;lite increasingly viewed the act of applying cosmetics in a negative light. The study argues that positive connotations were a conventionalized, requisite component to the meaning suggested by the verb, and that the verb was therefore increasingly viewed as inappropriate for reference to the act of applying cosmetics, while it remained perfectly suitable for reference to the act of shaving. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.16gim 363 380 18 Article 24 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Attitudes towards lexical Arabisms in sixteenth-century Spanish texts</TitleText> 1 A01 Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar Giménez-Eguíbar, Patricia Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar Western Oregon University 20 Arabisms 20 language attitude 20 lexical obsolescence 20 prescription 20 standardization 01 This article studies the linguistic attitudes towards Arabisms as reflected in various texts of the sixteenth-century and offers abundant comments from diverse authors that demonstrate their status as linguistic stereotypes. Through an examination of the revision of <i>La Primera parte de una recopilaci&#243;n de algunos nombres ar&#225;bigos </i>(<i>circa</i> 1593) by Diego de Guadix, the relationship between language and society is demonstrated through the linguistic attitudes evident toward both the Arabic language and Arabisms. Another prominent aspect of the <i>Recopilaci&#243;n</i> is the case of lexical prescription (e.g. <i>almad&#237;a</i>, <i>alfayata</i>, <i>zaguera</i> or <i>adarve</i>) that may result during the process of substitution for Arabisms, a topic widely mentioned by many scholars. One of the immediate consequences of these evolving linguistic attitudes was the gradual elimination of Arabisms during the processes of reviewing and editing texts of the period. There are six editions of Gabriel Alonso de Herrera&#8217;s <i>Obra de Agricultura</i>, all of them revised by the author. A collation of the editions sheds light on one the most opaque processes in the history of the lexicon: the replacement of Arabisms. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.17rom 381 400 20 Article 25 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">&#8220;Trabajar es en espa&#241;ol, en ladino es lavorar&#8221;</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Lexical Accommodation in Judeo-Spanish</Subtitle> 1 A01 Rey Romero Romero, Rey Rey Romero University of Houston-Downtown 20 dialect contact 20 Judeo-Spanish 20 Ladino 20 language attitudes 20 lexical accommodation 01 This study analyzes lexical accommodation in Judeo-Spanish (JS) to model Peninsular and Latin American (PLA) Spanish varieties. Data were obtained through sociolinguistic interviews, including an oral translation task, conducted in Istanbul, the Prince Islands, and New York City. Although accommodation appears higher in those lexical items that involve phonological adaptation, such as changing a JS palatal to a PLA velar ([mu.&#712;&#658;er] &#8594; [mu.&#712;xer]), accommodation by lemma replacement is also a widely-used strategy (JS <i>merkar</i> &#8594; PLA <i>comprar</i>). Most of these lemmas appear in all three communities, and a statistical analysis demonstrated that accommodation is higher among speakers 60 years of age and younger. Also, New York City presents the highest percentages of accommodation, probably due to constant contact with other Hispanic and PLA Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Additional sources and motivations for accommodation include having relatives in Spanish-speaking areas, language attitudes, and professional marketability in a globalized economy. 10 01 JB code ihll.8.18ind 401 406 6 Article 26 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20160525 2016 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 820 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 31 16 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 16 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 16 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD