219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201705011129
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
14015810
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
IHLL 8 Eb
15
9789027267245
06
10.1075/ihll.8
13
2016009684
DG
002
02
01
IHLL
02
2213-3887
Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics
8
01
Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis
01
ihll.8
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.8
1
B01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
B01
Fernando Tejedo-Herrero
Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando
Fernando
Tejedo-Herrero
University of Wisconsin - Madison
01
eng
422
xvi
406
LAN009000
v.2006
CFB
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This book explores the current state of Spanish sociolinguistics and its contribution to theories of language variation and change, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It offers original analyses on a variety of topics across a wide spectrum of linguistic subfields from different formal, experimental, and corpus-based standpoints. The volume is organized around six thematic sections: (i) Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics; (ii) Bilingualism; (iii) Language Acquisition; (iv) Phonological Variation; (v) Morpho-Syntactic Variation; and (vi) Lexical Variation. As a whole, this collection reflects an array of approaches and analyses that show how in its variation across speakers, speech communities, linguistic contexts, communicative situations, dialects, and time, the Spanish language provides an immense wealth of data to challenge accepted linguistic views and shape new theoretical proposals in the field of language variation and change. Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis represents a significant contribution to the growing field of Spanish sociolinguistics.
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.8.hb.png
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.001ack
ix
x
2
Article
1
01
Acknowledgments
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.002int
xi
xvi
6
Article
2
01
Introduction
1
A01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Fernando Tejedo-Herrero
Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando
Fernando
Tejedo-Herrero
University of Wisconsin-Madison
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s1
Section header
3
01
Part I. Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.01tag
1
32
32
Article
4
01
Quantitative analysis in language variation and change
1
A01
Sali A. Tagliamonte
Tagliamonte, Sali A.
Sali A.
Tagliamonte
University of Toronto
20
language variation
20
quantitative analysis
20
Varb
01
The essential goal of variation analysis is to understand the behavior of the dependent variable according to a series of factors, either external (social) or internal (grammatical), (Sankoff, 1988, p. 985). I begin with a brief review of the standard tool, logistic regression using the <i>Varb</i> family of programs. I will also introduce new tools, mixed effects models and condition inference trees relying on the discussions in Baayen (2008), Gries (2009), Johnson (2009).
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.02sch
33
88
56
Article
5
01
Combining population genetics (DNA) with historical linguistics
On the African origins of Latin America’s black and mulatto populations
1
A01
Armin Schwegler
Schwegler, Armin
Armin
Schwegler
University of California, Irvine
20
African origins
20
Chewa (Malawi)
20
Colombia
20
Cuba
20
Kongo
20
Loango
20
Mayombe
20
Palenque
20
Palenquero
20
Palo Monte
20
population genetics
20
slave trade
20
Vili
20
Yombe
01
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the African provenience of some of Latin America’s Black inhabitants and to demonstrate how recent advances in research have made it possible to determine their ancestors’ origin with a high degree of specificity. To that end, the ancestry of two specific (and admittedly unusual) communities will be examined from a linguistic perspective: (1) the maroon village of Palenque (Colombia), and (2) ritual “families” of Palo Monte (Cuba). Part 2 of this chapter then sets these findings in dialogue with the latest investigations regarding the population genetics (DNA) of Palenque and over 40 sub-Saharan ethnolinguistic communities. The combined results of this interdisciplinary DNA and linguistic research point to a monogenetic hypothesis that places Bakongo slaves from a small region (Mayombe, also known as Yombe) in Western Central Africa at the center of Palenque’s and Palo Monte’s foundational story.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s2
Section header
6
01
Part II. Bilingualism
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.03par
89
108
20
Article
7
01
Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish
An analytical approach to its <i>indicators, markers, and stereotypes</i>
1
A01
Claudia Parodi
Parodi, Claudia
Claudia
Parodi
University of California, Los Angeles
2
A01
Armando Guerrero
Guerrero, Armando
Armando
Guerrero
University of California, Los Angeles
20
(non)standard Spanish
20
indicators
20
LAVS
20
markers
20
Mexican Spanish
20
speech community
20
stereotypes
01
Our goal in this chapter is to test the perception of a typology of nonstandard Spanish features and Salvadoran lexical items among speakers of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish (LAVS), a variant of Mexican Spanish used by the predominant Spanish-speaking speech community in Los Angeles. We demonstrate how Spanish-speaking immigrant communities in the United States reclassify acceptability ratings in a country that does not impose Standard Spanish, unless the speaker willingly enrolls in courses of L2 Spanish.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.04lip
109
134
26
Article
8
01
On the tenacity of Andean Spanish
Intra-community recycling
1
A01
John M. Lipski
Lipski, John M.
John M.
Lipski
The Pennsylvania State University
20
bilingualism
20
language contact
20
Quechua
20
Spanish
01
The present study draws on field data from communities of Quechua-dominant late bilinguals in northern Ecuador, a configuration typical of literary and folkloric portrayals of Andean Spanish. A comparison of contemporary data with earlier literary imitations as well as more trustworthy transcriptions reveals a combination of (possibly Quechua-induced) L2 Spanish features and a group of traits that cannot be reasonably analyzed as arising spontaneously and consistently generation after generation. Among the latter are the enclitic particles -<i>ca </i>and <i>-tan, </i>gerunds instead of finite verbs, and some specific lexical variants. Since it has generally been assumed that Quechua-Spanish interlanguage is an idiolectally variable and transitory register used primarily with monolingual interlocutors, the trans-generational survival of a cluster of Andean Spanish traits requires further explanation. This study presents a model for intra-community recycling, using data from ethnographic interviews, sociolinguistic inquiries, and interactive tasks performed by a broad cross-section of Spanish-Quechua bilinguals. The approach is offered as an addition to the toolkit for the analysis of long-standing language contact environments.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.05mar
135
154
20
Article
9
01
Spanish and Valencian in contact
A study on the linguistic landscape of Elche
1
A01
Francisco Martínez Ibarra
Martínez Ibarra, Francisco
Francisco
Martínez Ibarra
Towson University
20
Catalan
20
Elche
20
linguistic landscape
20
Valencian
01
The purpose of my study is to analyze the contact between Spanish and Valencian in the linguistic landscape of Elche. What are the languages being used and on what types of signs? Does the linguistic landscape reflect the language use and attitudes of the population of Elche? What does the linguistic landscape say about the way language policies are being implemented by local and regional governments? Over 3000 data items were collected and examined based on a number of factors such as the languages being used, the author of the signs, and the location where each sign was observed. Results confirm the dominance of Spanish and suggest a weak implementation of language policies aimed at the normalization of Valencian.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s3
Section header
10
01
Part III. Language Acquisition
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.06shi
155
176
22
Article
11
01
Children’s Spanish subject pronoun expression
A developmental change in <i>tú</i>?
1
A01
Naomi Shin
Shin, Naomi
Naomi
Shin
University of New Mexico
20
child language development
20
nonspecific reference
20
politeness
20
Spanish subject pronouns
20
variation in child language
01
This study explores children’s acquisition of structured morphosyntactic variation by examining Spanish subject pronoun expression. Analyses of 5,923 verbs produced by 154 Mexican children, ages 6 to 16, show that the variables that most strongly constrain the oldest children’s pronoun usage – Person, Reference, Priming – are acquired first during childhood. These variables exert similar effects across age, with the exception of second-person singular, which favors <i>tú </i>expression among younger children and <i>tú </i>omission among older children. The developmental trajectory from more to less <i>tú </i>expression is explained as the result of (a) increasing production of nonspecific reference, which in turn decreases rates of <i>tú</i>, and (b) abundant reported speech in the younger children’s data, which rendered <i>tú </i>expression pragmatically appropriate.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.07pop
177
196
20
Article
12
01
The role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad
The
role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad
1
A01
Joshua Pope
Pope, Joshua
Joshua
Pope
Doane College
20
second language acquisition
20
social networks
20
study abroad
01
Research shows that students who study abroad (SA) gain in communicative and discourse skills more than their at-home (AH) counterparts (Freed, 1995). However, such advantages are not automatic. For example, evidence of SA phonological advantages over AH is clear at times (e.g. Díaz Campos, 2006) while not in others (e.g. Geeslin & Gudmestad, 2011). This study adds to the conversation about phonological acquisition during SA and posits that learner social networks (Milroy, 1987) are key in such acquisition. It examines the realizations of [θ] in four English native speakers who spent one year in Madrid. Two used [θ] consistently while the other two did not. The participants’ social networks can be used, in part, to explain the discrepancy.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.08lin
197
216
20
Article
13
01
Lexical frequency and subject expression in native and non-native Spanish
A closer look at independent and mediating effects
1
A01
Bret Linford
Linford, Bret
Bret
Linford
Grand Valley State University
2
A01
Avizia Y. Long
Long, Avizia Y.
Avizia Y.
Long
Indiana University
3
A01
Megan Solon
Solon, Megan
Megan
Solon
University at Albany – SUNY
4
A01
Melissa E. Whatley
Whatley, Melissa E.
Melissa
E.
Whatley
University of Georgia
5
A01
Kimberly L. Geeslin
Geeslin, Kimberly L.
Kimberly L.
Geeslin
†
Indiana University
20
lexical frequency
20
subject expression
01
This paper investigates the effect of lexical frequency on third-person subject form variation by native and highly-advanced non-native speakers of Spanish. In line with previous research, verb tokens which represented 1% or more of the total tokens were categorized as frequent whereas all others were categorized as infrequent. We also coded for six other linguistic variables: number, referent specificity, semantic class, morphological regularity, TMA, and switch reference. The findings revealed that lexical frequency did not have an independent effect on third-person subject form variation and in only one case did high lexical frequency appear to activate the effect of another linguistic factor. We discuss our results alongside findings of previous research and offer directions for future research.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s4
Section header
14
01
Part IV. Phonological Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.09mic
217
240
24
Article
15
01
On glottal stops in Yucatan Spanish
Language contact and dialect standardization
1
A01
Jim Michnowicz
Michnowicz, Jim
Jim
Michnowicz
North Carolina State University
2
A01
Laura Kagan
Kagan, Laura
Laura
Kagan
North Carolina State University
20
glottalization
20
standardization
20
Yucatan Spanish
01
This article examines the impact of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the production of glottalization (/ʔ/ and creaky voice) in Yucatan Spanish. The results of this study suggest that glottal insertion before vowel-initial words in Yucatan Spanish is the product of language contact mediated by internal development. It also indicates that glottal insertion, like other traditional features of Yucatan Spanish, is undergoing a process of standardization, whereby younger, more educated speakers employ a less traditional, more ‘standard’ variety of Spanish.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.10bar
241
260
20
Article
16
01
Vowel raising and social networks in Michoacán
A sociophonetic analysis
1
A01
Jennifer Barajas
Barajas, Jennifer
Jennifer
Barajas
Bradley University
20
social networks
20
sociophonetic variation
20
vocalic variation
20
vowel raising
01
I present an acoustic analysis of variable vowel raising in rural Mexican Spanish. This process involves the mid vowels, /e/ and /o/, in unstressed post-tonic positions and their variable realizations as [e, i] or [o, u], respectively. I perform a sociophonetic analysis using the formant values of the relevant vowels and then examine the influence of social networks on this phenomenon. This study represents the first systematic description of vowel raising in the region. Additionally, I use social factors, such as time spent in and out of the community, to create social networks that capture subtle social differences. The results show more /e/ than /o/ raising and less raising overall for participants who have more interactions outside of Michoacán.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.11cha
261
282
22
Article
17
01
Bilingualism and aspiration
Coda /s/ reduction on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua
1
A01
Whitney Chappell
Chappell, Whitney
Whitney
Chappell
The University of Texas at San Antonio
20
/s/ reduction
20
acquisition of variation
20
Bilwi
20
Miskitu
20
Nicaraguan Spanish
01
Spanish has become increasingly prevalent in Bilwi, a Nicaraguan town on the northern Atlantic Coast, where many L1-Miskitu locals are now Spanish-dominant. As the community shifts towards Spanish, I investigate whether these L2-Spanish speakers are producing advanced rates of coda /s/ reduction like monolingual Nicaraguan Spanish speakers. In a comparison of the Miskitu’s reduction rates with Spanish monolinguals, I find that Miskitu speakers who learned Spanish later in life do reduce coda /s/ but diverge from monolingual reduction rates preconsonantally. I contend that salience and perceptibility can account for this difference. While monolinguals reduce /s/ the most in cue-impoverished environments, the L2-Spanish speakers reduce /s/ more where they hear the reductions the best: in cue-rich, prevocalic environments.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s5
Section header
18
01
Part V. Morpho-Syntactic Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.12ses
283
304
22
Article
19
01
Spanish and Portuguese parallels
Impoverished number agreement as a vernacular feature of two rural dialects
1
A01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Letania Ferreira
Ferreira, Letania
Letania
Ferreira
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
20
Afro-Bolivian Spanish
20
determiner phrase
20
number agreement
20
Popular Brazilian Portuguese
20
rural dialects
01
This paper investigates variable number agreement phenomena across the Determiner Phrase (DP) of two non-standard varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in Latin America: Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS) and Popular Brazilian Portuguese (PBP). In line with recent studies in the field of minimalist syntax (Adger & Smith, 2005; Sessarego, 2014), this article combines sociolinguistic techniques of data collection with generative models of analysis to obtain more fine-grained, empirically testable generalizations. The presence of an impoverished agreement system in these two varieties is studied in light of recent linguistic proposals on the nature of default values (Harley & Ritter, 2002). These findings are generalized to other grammatical constructions, which systematically occur across a number of vernacular dialects.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.13wey
305
322
18
Article
20
01
The tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay
The
tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay
Is it as stable as it seems?
1
A01
Joseph R. Weyers
Weyers, Joseph R.
Joseph R.
Weyers
College of Charleston
20
forms of address
20
tuteo
20
Uruguay
20
voseo
01
Although Uruguay is generally considered <i>voseante, </i>its easternmost department of Rocha is known for its seemingly stable <i>tuteo</i> (T-T). The evidence of a stable <i>tuteo</i> in Rocha to date has been anecdotal. Weyers (2014) studied teenagers’ attitudes toward second person singular forms and found that young speakers in Rocha have a strong sense of pride in their <i>tuteo</i> and link it to their identity. At the same time, they demonstrate openness toward the <i>voseo</i> of Montevideo. The current study builds on Weyers (2014). Here, 55 informants participated in a two-part survey. The first part includes Weyers’ (2014) linguistic attitudes survey in part, the results for which are corroborated by this more heterogeneous sample. The second part was an elicitation task for which speakers produced second person singular imperatives or present indicative forms. The findings show that while <i>tuteo</i> forms are generally preferred, nearly half of the informants preferred the <i>voseo</i> form of <i>ser</i> in an elicitation task. Younger speakers, primarily male, were more apt to prefer <i>sos</i> over <i>eres</i>, citing its sense of informality to the <i>tuteo</i>’s formality. The data from the current study suggest that Rocha’s <i>tuteo</i> might not be as stable as commonly thought. This study provides a foundation for subsequent research on the potential for a future shift from <i>tuteo</i> to <i>voseo</i>.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.14bar
323
342
20
Article
21
01
A corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals
A
corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals
1
A01
Carolina Barrera Tobón
Barrera Tobón, Carolina
Carolina
Barrera Tobón
DePaul University
2
A01
Rocío Raña-Risso
Raña-Risso, Rocío
Rocío
Raña-Risso
The CUNY Graduate Center
20
contact-induced change
20
subject placement
20
Threshold Hypothesis
01
This chapter reports on a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of variable subject placement in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City. We show that second-generation speakers exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers, and we attribute this difference to their increased use of and contact with English. However, we also find that regional differences in subject placement in the first generation are maintained, to a certain degree, in the second generation, indicating that both English contact and continuity with Latin American ways of speaking shape Spanish in New York City.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s6
Section header
22
01
Part VI. Lexical Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.15kor
343
362
20
Article
23
01
Social factors in semantic change
A corpus-based case study of the verb afeitar ‘to adorn, to apply cosmetics, to shave’
1
A01
David Korfhagen
Korfhagen, David
David
Korfhagen
University of Wisconsin-Madison
20
referential and non-referential meaning
20
schematic conceptualization
20
semasiology
01
This study traces the semasiological development of the verb <i>afeitar</i>, taking into account probable intervening social and cognitive factors that contributed to several shifts in the verb’s prototypical meaning. Data collected from electronic corpora suggest the existence of three phases in the semantic development of the verb. Literary evidence from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries suggests that the social élite increasingly viewed the act of applying cosmetics in a negative light. The study argues that positive connotations were a conventionalized, requisite component to the meaning suggested by the verb, and that the verb was therefore increasingly viewed as inappropriate for reference to the act of applying cosmetics, while it remained perfectly suitable for reference to the act of shaving.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.16gim
363
380
18
Article
24
01
Attitudes towards lexical Arabisms in sixteenth-century Spanish texts
1
A01
Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar
Giménez-Eguíbar, Patricia
Patricia
Giménez-Eguíbar
Western Oregon University
20
Arabisms
20
language attitude
20
lexical obsolescence
20
prescription
20
standardization
01
This article studies the linguistic attitudes towards Arabisms as reflected in various texts of the sixteenth-century and offers abundant comments from diverse authors that demonstrate their status as linguistic stereotypes. Through an examination of the revision of <i>La Primera parte de una recopilación de algunos nombres arábigos </i>(<i>circa</i> 1593) by Diego de Guadix, the relationship between language and society is demonstrated through the linguistic attitudes evident toward both the Arabic language and Arabisms. Another prominent aspect of the <i>Recopilación</i> is the case of lexical prescription (e.g. <i>almadía</i>, <i>alfayata</i>, <i>zaguera</i> or <i>adarve</i>) that may result during the process of substitution for Arabisms, a topic widely mentioned by many scholars. One of the immediate consequences of these evolving linguistic attitudes was the gradual elimination of Arabisms during the processes of reviewing and editing texts of the period. There are six editions of Gabriel Alonso de Herrera’s <i>Obra de Agricultura</i>, all of them revised by the author. A collation of the editions sheds light on one the most opaque processes in the history of the lexicon: the replacement of Arabisms.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.17rom
381
400
20
Article
25
01
“Trabajar es en español, en ladino es lavorar”
Lexical Accommodation in Judeo-Spanish
1
A01
Rey Romero
Romero, Rey
Rey
Romero
University of Houston-Downtown
20
dialect contact
20
Judeo-Spanish
20
Ladino
20
language attitudes
20
lexical accommodation
01
This study analyzes lexical accommodation in Judeo-Spanish (JS) to model Peninsular and Latin American (PLA) Spanish varieties. Data were obtained through sociolinguistic interviews, including an oral translation task, conducted in Istanbul, the Prince Islands, and New York City. Although accommodation appears higher in those lexical items that involve phonological adaptation, such as changing a JS palatal to a PLA velar ([mu.ˈʒer] → [mu.ˈxer]), accommodation by lemma replacement is also a widely-used strategy (JS <i>merkar</i> → PLA <i>comprar</i>). Most of these lemmas appear in all three communities, and a statistical analysis demonstrated that accommodation is higher among speakers 60 years of age and younger. Also, New York City presents the highest percentages of accommodation, probably due to constant contact with other Hispanic and PLA Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Additional sources and motivations for accommodation include having relatives in Spanish-speaking areas, language attitudes, and professional marketability in a globalized economy.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.18ind
401
406
6
Article
26
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20160525
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027258076
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
182015809
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
IHLL 8 Hb
15
9789027258076
13
2016001811
BB
01
IHLL
02
2213-3887
Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics
8
01
Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis
01
ihll.8
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.8
1
B01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
B01
Fernando Tejedo-Herrero
Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando
Fernando
Tejedo-Herrero
University of Wisconsin - Madison
01
eng
422
xvi
406
LAN009000
v.2006
CFB
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This book explores the current state of Spanish sociolinguistics and its contribution to theories of language variation and change, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. It offers original analyses on a variety of topics across a wide spectrum of linguistic subfields from different formal, experimental, and corpus-based standpoints. The volume is organized around six thematic sections: (i) Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics; (ii) Bilingualism; (iii) Language Acquisition; (iv) Phonological Variation; (v) Morpho-Syntactic Variation; and (vi) Lexical Variation. As a whole, this collection reflects an array of approaches and analyses that show how in its variation across speakers, speech communities, linguistic contexts, communicative situations, dialects, and time, the Spanish language provides an immense wealth of data to challenge accepted linguistic views and shape new theoretical proposals in the field of language variation and change. Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis represents a significant contribution to the growing field of Spanish sociolinguistics.
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.8.hb.png
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JB code
ihll.8.001ack
ix
x
2
Article
1
01
Acknowledgments
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.002int
xi
xvi
6
Article
2
01
Introduction
1
A01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Fernando Tejedo-Herrero
Tejedo-Herrero, Fernando
Fernando
Tejedo-Herrero
University of Wisconsin-Madison
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s1
Section header
3
01
Part I. Cutting-edge Methodologies in Sociolinguistics
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.01tag
1
32
32
Article
4
01
Quantitative analysis in language variation and change
1
A01
Sali A. Tagliamonte
Tagliamonte, Sali A.
Sali A.
Tagliamonte
University of Toronto
20
language variation
20
quantitative analysis
20
Varb
01
The essential goal of variation analysis is to understand the behavior of the dependent variable according to a series of factors, either external (social) or internal (grammatical), (Sankoff, 1988, p. 985). I begin with a brief review of the standard tool, logistic regression using the <i>Varb</i> family of programs. I will also introduce new tools, mixed effects models and condition inference trees relying on the discussions in Baayen (2008), Gries (2009), Johnson (2009).
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01
JB code
ihll.8.02sch
33
88
56
Article
5
01
Combining population genetics (DNA) with historical linguistics
On the African origins of Latin America’s black and mulatto populations
1
A01
Armin Schwegler
Schwegler, Armin
Armin
Schwegler
University of California, Irvine
20
African origins
20
Chewa (Malawi)
20
Colombia
20
Cuba
20
Kongo
20
Loango
20
Mayombe
20
Palenque
20
Palenquero
20
Palo Monte
20
population genetics
20
slave trade
20
Vili
20
Yombe
01
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the African provenience of some of Latin America’s Black inhabitants and to demonstrate how recent advances in research have made it possible to determine their ancestors’ origin with a high degree of specificity. To that end, the ancestry of two specific (and admittedly unusual) communities will be examined from a linguistic perspective: (1) the maroon village of Palenque (Colombia), and (2) ritual “families” of Palo Monte (Cuba). Part 2 of this chapter then sets these findings in dialogue with the latest investigations regarding the population genetics (DNA) of Palenque and over 40 sub-Saharan ethnolinguistic communities. The combined results of this interdisciplinary DNA and linguistic research point to a monogenetic hypothesis that places Bakongo slaves from a small region (Mayombe, also known as Yombe) in Western Central Africa at the center of Palenque’s and Palo Monte’s foundational story.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s2
Section header
6
01
Part II. Bilingualism
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.03par
89
108
20
Article
7
01
Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish
An analytical approach to its <i>indicators, markers, and stereotypes</i>
1
A01
Claudia Parodi
Parodi, Claudia
Claudia
Parodi
University of California, Los Angeles
2
A01
Armando Guerrero
Guerrero, Armando
Armando
Guerrero
University of California, Los Angeles
20
(non)standard Spanish
20
indicators
20
LAVS
20
markers
20
Mexican Spanish
20
speech community
20
stereotypes
01
Our goal in this chapter is to test the perception of a typology of nonstandard Spanish features and Salvadoran lexical items among speakers of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish (LAVS), a variant of Mexican Spanish used by the predominant Spanish-speaking speech community in Los Angeles. We demonstrate how Spanish-speaking immigrant communities in the United States reclassify acceptability ratings in a country that does not impose Standard Spanish, unless the speaker willingly enrolls in courses of L2 Spanish.
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01
JB code
ihll.8.04lip
109
134
26
Article
8
01
On the tenacity of Andean Spanish
Intra-community recycling
1
A01
John M. Lipski
Lipski, John M.
John M.
Lipski
The Pennsylvania State University
20
bilingualism
20
language contact
20
Quechua
20
Spanish
01
The present study draws on field data from communities of Quechua-dominant late bilinguals in northern Ecuador, a configuration typical of literary and folkloric portrayals of Andean Spanish. A comparison of contemporary data with earlier literary imitations as well as more trustworthy transcriptions reveals a combination of (possibly Quechua-induced) L2 Spanish features and a group of traits that cannot be reasonably analyzed as arising spontaneously and consistently generation after generation. Among the latter are the enclitic particles -<i>ca </i>and <i>-tan, </i>gerunds instead of finite verbs, and some specific lexical variants. Since it has generally been assumed that Quechua-Spanish interlanguage is an idiolectally variable and transitory register used primarily with monolingual interlocutors, the trans-generational survival of a cluster of Andean Spanish traits requires further explanation. This study presents a model for intra-community recycling, using data from ethnographic interviews, sociolinguistic inquiries, and interactive tasks performed by a broad cross-section of Spanish-Quechua bilinguals. The approach is offered as an addition to the toolkit for the analysis of long-standing language contact environments.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.05mar
135
154
20
Article
9
01
Spanish and Valencian in contact
A study on the linguistic landscape of Elche
1
A01
Francisco Martínez Ibarra
Martínez Ibarra, Francisco
Francisco
Martínez Ibarra
Towson University
20
Catalan
20
Elche
20
linguistic landscape
20
Valencian
01
The purpose of my study is to analyze the contact between Spanish and Valencian in the linguistic landscape of Elche. What are the languages being used and on what types of signs? Does the linguistic landscape reflect the language use and attitudes of the population of Elche? What does the linguistic landscape say about the way language policies are being implemented by local and regional governments? Over 3000 data items were collected and examined based on a number of factors such as the languages being used, the author of the signs, and the location where each sign was observed. Results confirm the dominance of Spanish and suggest a weak implementation of language policies aimed at the normalization of Valencian.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s3
Section header
10
01
Part III. Language Acquisition
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.06shi
155
176
22
Article
11
01
Children’s Spanish subject pronoun expression
A developmental change in <i>tú</i>?
1
A01
Naomi Shin
Shin, Naomi
Naomi
Shin
University of New Mexico
20
child language development
20
nonspecific reference
20
politeness
20
Spanish subject pronouns
20
variation in child language
01
This study explores children’s acquisition of structured morphosyntactic variation by examining Spanish subject pronoun expression. Analyses of 5,923 verbs produced by 154 Mexican children, ages 6 to 16, show that the variables that most strongly constrain the oldest children’s pronoun usage – Person, Reference, Priming – are acquired first during childhood. These variables exert similar effects across age, with the exception of second-person singular, which favors <i>tú </i>expression among younger children and <i>tú </i>omission among older children. The developmental trajectory from more to less <i>tú </i>expression is explained as the result of (a) increasing production of nonspecific reference, which in turn decreases rates of <i>tú</i>, and (b) abundant reported speech in the younger children’s data, which rendered <i>tú </i>expression pragmatically appropriate.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.07pop
177
196
20
Article
12
01
The role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad
The
role of social networks in the acquisition of a dialectal features during study abroad
1
A01
Joshua Pope
Pope, Joshua
Joshua
Pope
Doane College
20
second language acquisition
20
social networks
20
study abroad
01
Research shows that students who study abroad (SA) gain in communicative and discourse skills more than their at-home (AH) counterparts (Freed, 1995). However, such advantages are not automatic. For example, evidence of SA phonological advantages over AH is clear at times (e.g. Díaz Campos, 2006) while not in others (e.g. Geeslin & Gudmestad, 2011). This study adds to the conversation about phonological acquisition during SA and posits that learner social networks (Milroy, 1987) are key in such acquisition. It examines the realizations of [θ] in four English native speakers who spent one year in Madrid. Two used [θ] consistently while the other two did not. The participants’ social networks can be used, in part, to explain the discrepancy.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.08lin
197
216
20
Article
13
01
Lexical frequency and subject expression in native and non-native Spanish
A closer look at independent and mediating effects
1
A01
Bret Linford
Linford, Bret
Bret
Linford
Grand Valley State University
2
A01
Avizia Y. Long
Long, Avizia Y.
Avizia Y.
Long
Indiana University
3
A01
Megan Solon
Solon, Megan
Megan
Solon
University at Albany – SUNY
4
A01
Melissa E. Whatley
Whatley, Melissa E.
Melissa
E.
Whatley
University of Georgia
5
A01
Kimberly L. Geeslin
Geeslin, Kimberly L.
Kimberly L.
Geeslin
†
Indiana University
20
lexical frequency
20
subject expression
01
This paper investigates the effect of lexical frequency on third-person subject form variation by native and highly-advanced non-native speakers of Spanish. In line with previous research, verb tokens which represented 1% or more of the total tokens were categorized as frequent whereas all others were categorized as infrequent. We also coded for six other linguistic variables: number, referent specificity, semantic class, morphological regularity, TMA, and switch reference. The findings revealed that lexical frequency did not have an independent effect on third-person subject form variation and in only one case did high lexical frequency appear to activate the effect of another linguistic factor. We discuss our results alongside findings of previous research and offer directions for future research.
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01
JB code
ihll.8.s4
Section header
14
01
Part IV. Phonological Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.09mic
217
240
24
Article
15
01
On glottal stops in Yucatan Spanish
Language contact and dialect standardization
1
A01
Jim Michnowicz
Michnowicz, Jim
Jim
Michnowicz
North Carolina State University
2
A01
Laura Kagan
Kagan, Laura
Laura
Kagan
North Carolina State University
20
glottalization
20
standardization
20
Yucatan Spanish
01
This article examines the impact of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the production of glottalization (/ʔ/ and creaky voice) in Yucatan Spanish. The results of this study suggest that glottal insertion before vowel-initial words in Yucatan Spanish is the product of language contact mediated by internal development. It also indicates that glottal insertion, like other traditional features of Yucatan Spanish, is undergoing a process of standardization, whereby younger, more educated speakers employ a less traditional, more ‘standard’ variety of Spanish.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.10bar
241
260
20
Article
16
01
Vowel raising and social networks in Michoacán
A sociophonetic analysis
1
A01
Jennifer Barajas
Barajas, Jennifer
Jennifer
Barajas
Bradley University
20
social networks
20
sociophonetic variation
20
vocalic variation
20
vowel raising
01
I present an acoustic analysis of variable vowel raising in rural Mexican Spanish. This process involves the mid vowels, /e/ and /o/, in unstressed post-tonic positions and their variable realizations as [e, i] or [o, u], respectively. I perform a sociophonetic analysis using the formant values of the relevant vowels and then examine the influence of social networks on this phenomenon. This study represents the first systematic description of vowel raising in the region. Additionally, I use social factors, such as time spent in and out of the community, to create social networks that capture subtle social differences. The results show more /e/ than /o/ raising and less raising overall for participants who have more interactions outside of Michoacán.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.11cha
261
282
22
Article
17
01
Bilingualism and aspiration
Coda /s/ reduction on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua
1
A01
Whitney Chappell
Chappell, Whitney
Whitney
Chappell
The University of Texas at San Antonio
20
/s/ reduction
20
acquisition of variation
20
Bilwi
20
Miskitu
20
Nicaraguan Spanish
01
Spanish has become increasingly prevalent in Bilwi, a Nicaraguan town on the northern Atlantic Coast, where many L1-Miskitu locals are now Spanish-dominant. As the community shifts towards Spanish, I investigate whether these L2-Spanish speakers are producing advanced rates of coda /s/ reduction like monolingual Nicaraguan Spanish speakers. In a comparison of the Miskitu’s reduction rates with Spanish monolinguals, I find that Miskitu speakers who learned Spanish later in life do reduce coda /s/ but diverge from monolingual reduction rates preconsonantally. I contend that salience and perceptibility can account for this difference. While monolinguals reduce /s/ the most in cue-impoverished environments, the L2-Spanish speakers reduce /s/ more where they hear the reductions the best: in cue-rich, prevocalic environments.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s5
Section header
18
01
Part V. Morpho-Syntactic Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.12ses
283
304
22
Article
19
01
Spanish and Portuguese parallels
Impoverished number agreement as a vernacular feature of two rural dialects
1
A01
Sandro Sessarego
Sessarego, Sandro
Sandro
Sessarego
University of Texas at Austin
2
A01
Letania Ferreira
Ferreira, Letania
Letania
Ferreira
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
20
Afro-Bolivian Spanish
20
determiner phrase
20
number agreement
20
Popular Brazilian Portuguese
20
rural dialects
01
This paper investigates variable number agreement phenomena across the Determiner Phrase (DP) of two non-standard varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in Latin America: Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS) and Popular Brazilian Portuguese (PBP). In line with recent studies in the field of minimalist syntax (Adger & Smith, 2005; Sessarego, 2014), this article combines sociolinguistic techniques of data collection with generative models of analysis to obtain more fine-grained, empirically testable generalizations. The presence of an impoverished agreement system in these two varieties is studied in light of recent linguistic proposals on the nature of default values (Harley & Ritter, 2002). These findings are generalized to other grammatical constructions, which systematically occur across a number of vernacular dialects.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.13wey
305
322
18
Article
20
01
The tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay
The
tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay
Is it as stable as it seems?
1
A01
Joseph R. Weyers
Weyers, Joseph R.
Joseph R.
Weyers
College of Charleston
20
forms of address
20
tuteo
20
Uruguay
20
voseo
01
Although Uruguay is generally considered <i>voseante, </i>its easternmost department of Rocha is known for its seemingly stable <i>tuteo</i> (T-T). The evidence of a stable <i>tuteo</i> in Rocha to date has been anecdotal. Weyers (2014) studied teenagers’ attitudes toward second person singular forms and found that young speakers in Rocha have a strong sense of pride in their <i>tuteo</i> and link it to their identity. At the same time, they demonstrate openness toward the <i>voseo</i> of Montevideo. The current study builds on Weyers (2014). Here, 55 informants participated in a two-part survey. The first part includes Weyers’ (2014) linguistic attitudes survey in part, the results for which are corroborated by this more heterogeneous sample. The second part was an elicitation task for which speakers produced second person singular imperatives or present indicative forms. The findings show that while <i>tuteo</i> forms are generally preferred, nearly half of the informants preferred the <i>voseo</i> form of <i>ser</i> in an elicitation task. Younger speakers, primarily male, were more apt to prefer <i>sos</i> over <i>eres</i>, citing its sense of informality to the <i>tuteo</i>’s formality. The data from the current study suggest that Rocha’s <i>tuteo</i> might not be as stable as commonly thought. This study provides a foundation for subsequent research on the potential for a future shift from <i>tuteo</i> to <i>voseo</i>.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.14bar
323
342
20
Article
21
01
A corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals
A
corpus-based sociolinguistic study of contact-induced changes in subject placement in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals
1
A01
Carolina Barrera Tobón
Barrera Tobón, Carolina
Carolina
Barrera Tobón
DePaul University
2
A01
Rocío Raña-Risso
Raña-Risso, Rocío
Rocío
Raña-Risso
The CUNY Graduate Center
20
contact-induced change
20
subject placement
20
Threshold Hypothesis
01
This chapter reports on a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of variable subject placement in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City. We show that second-generation speakers exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers, and we attribute this difference to their increased use of and contact with English. However, we also find that regional differences in subject placement in the first generation are maintained, to a certain degree, in the second generation, indicating that both English contact and continuity with Latin American ways of speaking shape Spanish in New York City.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.s6
Section header
22
01
Part VI. Lexical Variation
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.15kor
343
362
20
Article
23
01
Social factors in semantic change
A corpus-based case study of the verb afeitar ‘to adorn, to apply cosmetics, to shave’
1
A01
David Korfhagen
Korfhagen, David
David
Korfhagen
University of Wisconsin-Madison
20
referential and non-referential meaning
20
schematic conceptualization
20
semasiology
01
This study traces the semasiological development of the verb <i>afeitar</i>, taking into account probable intervening social and cognitive factors that contributed to several shifts in the verb’s prototypical meaning. Data collected from electronic corpora suggest the existence of three phases in the semantic development of the verb. Literary evidence from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries suggests that the social élite increasingly viewed the act of applying cosmetics in a negative light. The study argues that positive connotations were a conventionalized, requisite component to the meaning suggested by the verb, and that the verb was therefore increasingly viewed as inappropriate for reference to the act of applying cosmetics, while it remained perfectly suitable for reference to the act of shaving.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.16gim
363
380
18
Article
24
01
Attitudes towards lexical Arabisms in sixteenth-century Spanish texts
1
A01
Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar
Giménez-Eguíbar, Patricia
Patricia
Giménez-Eguíbar
Western Oregon University
20
Arabisms
20
language attitude
20
lexical obsolescence
20
prescription
20
standardization
01
This article studies the linguistic attitudes towards Arabisms as reflected in various texts of the sixteenth-century and offers abundant comments from diverse authors that demonstrate their status as linguistic stereotypes. Through an examination of the revision of <i>La Primera parte de una recopilación de algunos nombres arábigos </i>(<i>circa</i> 1593) by Diego de Guadix, the relationship between language and society is demonstrated through the linguistic attitudes evident toward both the Arabic language and Arabisms. Another prominent aspect of the <i>Recopilación</i> is the case of lexical prescription (e.g. <i>almadía</i>, <i>alfayata</i>, <i>zaguera</i> or <i>adarve</i>) that may result during the process of substitution for Arabisms, a topic widely mentioned by many scholars. One of the immediate consequences of these evolving linguistic attitudes was the gradual elimination of Arabisms during the processes of reviewing and editing texts of the period. There are six editions of Gabriel Alonso de Herrera’s <i>Obra de Agricultura</i>, all of them revised by the author. A collation of the editions sheds light on one the most opaque processes in the history of the lexicon: the replacement of Arabisms.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.17rom
381
400
20
Article
25
01
“Trabajar es en español, en ladino es lavorar”
Lexical Accommodation in Judeo-Spanish
1
A01
Rey Romero
Romero, Rey
Rey
Romero
University of Houston-Downtown
20
dialect contact
20
Judeo-Spanish
20
Ladino
20
language attitudes
20
lexical accommodation
01
This study analyzes lexical accommodation in Judeo-Spanish (JS) to model Peninsular and Latin American (PLA) Spanish varieties. Data were obtained through sociolinguistic interviews, including an oral translation task, conducted in Istanbul, the Prince Islands, and New York City. Although accommodation appears higher in those lexical items that involve phonological adaptation, such as changing a JS palatal to a PLA velar ([mu.ˈʒer] → [mu.ˈxer]), accommodation by lemma replacement is also a widely-used strategy (JS <i>merkar</i> → PLA <i>comprar</i>). Most of these lemmas appear in all three communities, and a statistical analysis demonstrated that accommodation is higher among speakers 60 years of age and younger. Also, New York City presents the highest percentages of accommodation, probably due to constant contact with other Hispanic and PLA Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Additional sources and motivations for accommodation include having relatives in Spanish-speaking areas, language attitudes, and professional marketability in a globalized economy.
10
01
JB code
ihll.8.18ind
401
406
6
Article
26
01
Index
02
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