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Article published In:
International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 8:1 (2021) ► pp.139–168

类型学视角下汉语的双系式结构

共时与历时

| Central China Normal University

类型学发现，典型的双系式（applicative）结构将宾语（直接宾语或间接宾语）这个句法角色指派给一个本来不能作宾语的项。本文证明汉语中以下结构都是类型学中所谓的“双系式”：在共时层面，有普通话中的“吃食堂”结构，自陆俭明、郭锐（1998）提出以来，有诸多学者从不同角度对其进行了研究；在历时层面，上古汉语中有名词（性结构）直接作补语和介词短语作补语交替的现象。汉语虽然是典型的孤立语，（几乎）没有判断双系式的形态依据，但这些结构在语义-句法层面表现出了双系式结构的基本特点，是完全可以归类为双系式结构的。这一结论也为类型学的动词配价（valency）研究打开了新思路，即在以往对于动词配价研究更侧重形态标准的基础上，也应参考句法行为特征（syntactic behavior），这对于研究汉语类的孤立语的动词配价操作尤其重要。

Keywords: 双系式, 句法行为特征, 语义角色, 宾语
Article outline
  • 一、引言
  • 二、“吃食堂”及相关结构
  • 三、普通话中的双系式结构：以“吃食堂”为例
    • 1、动词配价和双系式
    • 2、“吃食堂”类结构是双系式结构
    • 3、与“吃食堂”结构类似（但实则不同）的结构
  • 四、上古汉语中的双系式结构：名词（性结构）直接作补语和介词短语作补语的交替现象
  • 五、结论：类型学动词配价机制的研究和汉语的特殊性
  • 致谢
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 1 June 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.20002.wu
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