The 385+ million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (1990–2008+)
Design, architecture, and linguistic insights
Mark Davies | Brigham Young University
The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), which was released online in early 2008, is the first large and diverse corpus of American English. In this paper, we first discuss the design of the corpus — which contains more than 385 million words from 1990–2008 (20 million words each year), balanced between spoken, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic journals. We also discuss the unique relational databases architecture, which allows for a wide range of queries that are not available (or are quite difficult) with other architectures and interfaces. To conclude, we consider insights from the corpus on a number of cases of genre-based variation and recent linguistic variation, including an extended analysis of phrasal verbs in contemporary American English.
Keywords: American English, corpus, diachronic, relational databases, genres, phrasal verbs
Published online: 11 June 2009
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav
Cited by
Cited by 171 other publications
No author info given
No author info given
No author info given
No author info given
No author info given
(Wynn Nguyen), NhuQuynh Luu Nguyen
Abdul Rahman, Zuhair Abdul Amir & Raith Zeher Abid
Anderwald, Lieselotte
Anderwald, Lieselotte
Arshi Saloot, Mohammad, Norisma Idris, AiTi Aw & Dirk Thorleuchter
Ashkenazi, Orit, Dorit Ravid & Steven Gillis
Assaf, Dan, Yair Neuman, Yohai Cohen, Shlomo Argamon, Newton Howard, Mark Last, Ophir Frieder & Moshe Koppel
Aull, Laura L. & Zak Lancaster
BARNES, Erica M., Jill F. GRIFENHAGEN & David K. DICKINSON
Barnes, Erica M., Alandeom W. Oliveira & David K. Dickinson
Bednarek, Monika, Marcia Veirano Pinto & Valentin Werner
Berger, Cynthia, Scott Crossley & Stephen Skalicky
Bloom, Nicholas, Tarek A. Hassan, Aakash Kalyani, Josh Lerner & Ahmed Tahoun
Boholm, Max
Boholm, Max
Boholm, Max, Niklas Möller & Sven Ove Hansson
Bolozky, Shmuel & Ruth A. Berman
Boulton, Alex
Boulton, Alex
Brezina, Vaclav
Brysbaert, Marc, Amy Beth Warriner & Victor Kuperman
Carter, Rebecca R., Clayton D. Rothwell, Cynthia J. Sieck & Ann Scheck McAlearney
Chen, Xiaocong & Yanping Dong
Chen, Xiaocong, Yanping Dong & Xiufen Yu
Choi, Kahyun & J. Stephen Downie
Colla, Davide, Enrico Mensa & Daniele P. Radicioni
Cook, Paul & Laurel J. Brinton
Crossley, Scott & Victor Kostyuk
Crossley, Scott A., Renu Balyan, Jennifer Liu, Andrew J. Karter, Danielle McNamara & Dean Schillinger
Crossley, Scott A., Minkyung Kim, Laura Allen & Danielle McNamara
Crossley, Scott A., Dani Francuz Rose, Cassondra Danekes, Charles Wesley Rose & Danielle S. McNamara
Crossley, Scott A., Stephen Skalicky, Mihai Dascalu, Danielle S. McNamara & Kristopher Kyle
Crossley, Scott A., Stephen Skalicky & Mihai Dascalu
Dash, Niladri Sekhar & S. Arulmozi
Davies, M.
Davies, Mark
Davies, Mark
Davies, Mark & Robert Fuchs
Davies, Mark & Jong-Bok Kim
Davies, Mark & Jong-Bok Kim
De Deyne, Simon, Danielle J. Navarro, Guillem Collell & Andrew Perfors
Dichtel, Frédéric
Dunn, Jonathan
EGUCHI, MASAKI & KRISTOPHER KYLE
Ehara, Yo
Elli, Giulia V, Connor Lane & Marina Bedny
Felt, Paul, Eric K. Ringger, Kevin Seppi, Kristian S. Heal, Robbie A. Haertel & Deryle Lonsdale
FRANCIS, ELAINE J. & LAURA A. MICHAELIS
Fruchter, Joseph, Tal Linzen, Masha Westerlund & Alec Marantz
Gisle, Andersen
Glines, Porter, Brandon Biggs & Paul M. Bodily
Grasso, Stephanie M., Kaleigh M. Shuster & Maya L. Henry
Gudivada, Venkat N.
Hasebe, Yoichiro
Hashimoto, Brett J. & Jesse Egbert
Hashimoto, Brett James
Henry, Maya L., H. Isabel Hubbard, Stephanie M. Grasso, Heather R. Dial, Pélagie M. Beeson, Bruce L. Miller & Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Hepler, Justin & Dolores Albarracin
Herdağdelen, Amaç
Hiebert, Elfrieda H.
Hiebert, Elfrieda H., Amanda P. Goodwin & Gina N. Cervetti
Hiebert, Elfrieda H., Judith A. Scott, Ruben Castaneda & Alexandra Spichtig
Hills, Thomas T. & James S. Adelman
Hirata, Yoko & Yoshihiro Hirata
Hoffmann, Thomas, Jakob Horsch & Thomas Brunner
Hunter, Starling & Susan Smith
Ikegami, Yukino & Setsuo Tsuruta
Iordăchioaia, Gianina & Martina Werner
Jacobs, Arthur M.
Jones, Michael N., Melody Dye & Brendan T. Johns
June-Q Lee
Kerz, Elma & Daniel Wiechmann
Kilgarriff, Adam, Vít Baisa, Jan Bušta, Miloš Jakubíček, Vojtěch Kovář, Jan Michelfeit, Pavel Rychlý & Vít Suchomel
Kim, Hyunwoo & Yangon Rah
Kodner, Jordan
Kurdi, Mohamed Zakaria
Kyle, Kristopher, Scott Crossley & Cynthia Berger
Kyle, Kristopher, Scott Crossley & Marjolijn Verspoor
Lau, Ellen F. & Anna Namyst
Lederer, Jenny
Lever, Jake, Sitanshu Gakkhar, Michael Gottlieb, Tahereh Rashnavadi, Santina Lin, Celia Siu, Maia Smith, Martin R Jones, Martin Krzywinski, Steven J M Jones & Jonathan Wren
Lever, Jake, Martin R. Jones, Arpad M. Danos, Kilannin Krysiak, Melika Bonakdar, Jasleen K. Grewal, Luka Culibrk, Obi L. Griffith, Malachi Griffith & Steven J. M. Jones
Levin, Magnus
Levin, Magnus & Hans Lindquist
Lin, You-Min & Michelle Y. Chen
Liu, Yingying & Xiaofei Lu
Luke, Steven G. & Kiel Christianson
Maniez, François
Marian, Viorica
Mark Davies
McMillen, Stephanie, Linda Jarmulowicz, Michael M. Mackay & D. Kimbrough Oller
Miller, Don
Moore, Margaret J. & Nele Demeyere
Motschenbacher, Heiko
Motschenbacher, Heiko
Myachykov, Andriy, Christoph Scheepers, Simon Garrod, Dominic Thompson & Olga Fedorova
Namgeun Lee
Nenadić, Filip & Benjamin V. Tucker
Neuman, Yair
Neuman, Yair, Dan Assaf, Yochai Cohen & James L. Knoll
Neuman, Yair, Dan Assaf & Yohai Cohen
Neuman, Yair, Dan Assaf & Yohai Cohen
Neuman, Yair, Dan Assaf, Yohai Cohen, Mark Last, Shlomo Argamon, Newton Howard, Ophir Frieder & Eduardo G. Altmann
Neuman, Yair & Yochai Cohen
Neuman, Yair, Yochai Cohen & Dan Assaf
Neuman, Yair, Yochai Cohen, Dan Assaf & Marcel Danesi
Neuman, Yair, Yochai Cohen, Navot Israeli & Boaz Tamir
Neuman, Yair, Yohai Cohen, Dan Assaf & Gabbi Kedma
Neuman, Yair, Newton Howard, Louis Falissard & Rafi Malach
Neuman, Yair, Yiftach Neuman & Yochai Cohen
Nevalainen, Terttu, Helena Raumolin-Brunberg & Heikki Mannila
Pagel, Mark, Mark Beaumont, Andrew Meade, Annemarie Verkerk & Andreea Calude
Pagán Cánovas, Cristóbal, Javier Valenzuela, Daniel Alcaraz Carrión, Inés Olza, Michael Ramscar & Marcus Perlman
Pogacar, Ruth, Emily Plant, Laura Felton Rosulek & Michal Kouril
Poll, Gerard H., Carol A. Miller & Janet G. van Hell
Poll, Gerard H., Carol A. Miller & Janet G. van Hell
Poll, Gerard H., Holly S. Watkins & Carol A. Miller
Ramscar, Michael & Melody Dye
Ramscar, Michael, Melody Dye, Hanna Muenke Popick, Fiona O'Donnell-McCarthy & Dorothy Bishop
Ramscar, Michael, Peter Hendrix, Bradley Love & R. H. Baayen
Ramscar, Michael, Peter Hendrix, Bradley Love & R. Harald Baayen
Ramscar, Michael, Peter Hendrix, Cyrus Shaoul, Petar Milin & Harald Baayen
Ramscar, Michael, Teenie Matlock & Melody Dye
Ramscar, Michael & Robert F. Port
Ravid, Dorit, O. Ashkenazi, Ronit Levie, G. Ben-Zadok, T. Grunwald & Steven Gillis
Rezvani Kalajahi, Seyed Ali, Steve Neufeld & Ain Nadzimah Abdullah
Robenalt, Clarice & Adele E. Goldberg
Roncero, Carlos & Roberto G. de Almeida
Rühlemann, Christoph
Saito, Kazuya
Saito, Kazuya & Yuwei Liu
Samant, Surender Singh, N. L. Bhanu Murthy & Aruna Malapati
Santini, Marina, Arne Jönsson, Wiktor Strandqvist, Gustav Cederblad, Mikael Nyström, Marjan Alirezaie, Leili Lind, Eva Blomqvist, Maria Lindén & Annica Kristoffersson
Schuster, Sebastian & Judith Degen
Schütze, Carson T.
Shutova, Ekaterina
Soo, Rachel, Abdulwahab Sidiqi, Monica Shah & Philip J. Monahan
Starr, Ariel, Alagia J. Cirolia, Katharine A. Tillman & Mahesh Srinivasan
Sugandhi, Rekha & Anjali Mahajan
Suárez, Maria del Mar & Ferran Gesa
Tatsenko, Nataliia, Vitalii Stepanov & Hanna Shcherbak
Tavakoli, Parvaneh & Takumi Uchihara
Townsend, David J.
Townsend, Dianna & Darl Kiernan
Tucker, Benjamin V., Daniel Brenner, D. Kyle Danielson, Matthew C. Kelley, Filip Nenadić & Michelle Sims
Umbach, Gray, Pranish Kantak, Joshua Jacobs, Michael Kahana, Brad E. Pfeiffer, Michael Sperling & Bradley Lega
Upeksha, Dimuthu, Chamila Wijayarathna, Maduranga Siriwardena, Lahiru Lasandun, Chinthana Wimalasuriya, N. H. N. D. de Silva & Gihan Dias
Vartiainen, Turo
Verberne, Suzan, Maya Sappelli, Djoerd Hiemstra & Wessel Kraaij
Warriner, Amy Beth & Victor Kuperman
Wedel, Andrew, Noah Nelson & Rebecca Sharp
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 february 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.