443007307 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code ILL 7 Eb 15 9789027290762 06 10.1075/ill.7 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code ILL 02 1873-5037 02 7.00 01 02 Iconicity in Language and Literature Iconicity in Language and Literature 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-philosophy 01 02 Subject collection: Philosophy (254 titles, 1969–2015) 05 02 Philosophy (1969–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-ill 01 02 Iconicity in Language and Literature (vols. 1–14, 1999–2015) 05 02 ILL (vols. 1–14, 1999–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-semiotics 01 02 Subject collection: Semiotics (98 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Semiotics (1967–2015) 01 01 Naturalness and Iconicity in Language Naturalness and Iconicity in Language 1 B01 01 JB code 258099901 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/258099901 2 B01 01 JB code 496099902 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/496099902 01 eng 11 259 03 03 ix 03 00 249 03 01 22 410 03 2008 P299.N37 04 Naturalness (Linguistics) 04 Iconicity (Linguistics) 04 Language and languages--Philosophy. 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code PHIL.GEN Philosophy 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SEM Semiotics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 03 00 Iconicity and naturalness remain controversial concepts in recent linguistic research. The present volume aims to scrutinize unresolved issues of iconicity and naturalness in language. The studies discuss topics such as naturalism in the philosophy of language and the epistemology of linguistics, linguistic iconicity in semiotics, iconic structures in Sign Languages, natural and unnatural sound patterns, the iconic nature of parts of speech, the relation between (un)markedness and naturalness, and lexical and syntactic iconicity. The research conducted is based on sound (meta)theoretical analyses and/or original empirical research. The data and innovative views presented are bound to spark discussion in an age-old debate that has lost nothing of its significance. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ill.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027243430.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027243430.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ill.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ill.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code ill.7.01con 06 10.1075/ill.7.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Contributors Contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.02edi 06 10.1075/ill.7.02edi ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Editors Editors 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.03de 06 10.1075/ill.7.03de 1 23 23 Miscellaneous 3 01 04 Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language 1 A01 01 JB code 860101030 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/860101030 2 A01 01 JB code 921101031 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/921101031 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.04for 06 10.1075/ill.7.04for 25 46 22 Article 4 01 04 Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology 1 A01 01 JB code 362101032 Lia Formigari Formigari, Lia Lia Formigari Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362101032 01 eng 03 00

The first part of the article provides a general working definition of linguistic naturalism and briefly describes the forms it took in pre-modern theories of language, pointing out those aspects that are still present in the modern-day debate (Section 1). It then shows that two different notions of the a priori are at the root of two competing forms of modern linguistic naturalism (Section 2). These are discussed in the next paragraphs, in which Chomsky’s internalist naturalism is contrasted with Quine’s externalist naturalism (Section 3), and with more recent research programs that can be subsumed under the rubric of ‘developmental’ naturalism. These focus on the formation of the a priori structures of subjectivity, and on the interaction of those structures and social practices from a phylogenetic (Section 4) and ontogenetic perspective (Section 5). A last paragraph (Section 6) draws a few conclusions.

01 01 JB code ill.7.05son 06 10.1075/ill.7.05son 47 72 26 Article 5 01 04 Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures 1 A01 01 JB code 710101033 Göran Sonesson Sonesson, Göran Göran Sonesson Department of Semiotics, Lund University, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/710101033 01 eng 03 00

Too often the word “iconicity” is used simply as a scientifically sounding term for similarity. In order to develop a real theory of iconicity, it is not enough, but perhaps a good start, to return to Peirce. In this paper, I use the reconstruction of the notion of iconicity inspired by my work in pictorial semiotics to throw some light on iconicity in language and in gesture. I suggest that there are several possible iconic relationships within the sign, and that these relations may involve properties, proper parts, or perspectives. In particular, I criticize the idea of iconicity being a question of degrees. The article looks at parallels between Lessing’s classic distinction between the resources of language and pictures and contemporary studies of “dual coding” in thinking. It also considers the segmentation of movement in different languages and gesture systems, in particular in relation to Satellite-framed and Verb-framed languages.

01 01 JB code ill.7.06not 06 10.1075/ill.7.06not 73 100 28 Article 6 01 04 Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity 1 A01 01 JB code 246101034 Winfried Nöth Nöth, Winfried Winfried Nöth Universität Kassel, Germany, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/246101034 01 eng 03 00

The paper examines the semiotic foundations of Natural Linguistics with special reference to diagrammatic iconicity. In accordance with C. S. Peirce’s semiotics, naturalness in language is described as a substratum of iconic, indexical, and symbolic signs. Diagrammatic iconicity in language is more than form-meaning isomorphism; it is a structure inherent in the verbal form itself irrespective of whether the diagram is used to represent anything at all. The rules of word formation, syntax, and the structures of discourse constitute verbal diagrams. The system of language is a diagrammatic rhematic legisign. A pure diagram is a relational form without reference to anything else. Diagrams that represent in connection with indexical reference are diagrammatic hypoicons. This is the kind of diagram which has been studied in Natural Linguistics so far. Diagrams in language are both cognitively necessary and rhetorically efficient since icons are superior to other signs when clearness of representation and coherence of argumentation is concerned.

01 01 JB code ill.7.07and 06 10.1075/ill.7.07and 101 119 19 Article 7 01 04 Naturalness and markedness Naturalness and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 594101035 Henning Andersen Andersen, Henning Henning Andersen University of California, Los Angeles, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594101035 01 eng 03 00

The following comparison of Naturalness theory and Markedness theory contrasts naturalness scales and markedness relations and the distinct notions of value in the two theories in order to focus on recent advances in the identification of rules of naturalness syntax and markedness syntax. It is shown that whereas naturalness theory offers little basis for accounts of variation and change, key notions in markedness theory play a central role both in accounts of synchronic variation and in explanations of the initiation and actualization of change. In a concluding comparison of the two theories it is argued that Markedness theory in essential respects subsumes Naturalness theory. This explains why many linguists find the two theories kindred, and it suggests that the future will see their unification.

01 01 JB code ill.7.08ble 06 10.1075/ill.7.08ble 121 148 28 Article 8 01 04 Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide 1 A01 01 JB code 39101036 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/39101036 01 eng 03 00

Natural sound patterns are those grounded in physical properties of speech, while unnatural sound patterns arguably have no such physical basis. This study provides a brief history of the study of natural and unnatural sound patterns from antiquity forward. Definitions of natural and unnatural sound patterns are examined in a range of frameworks, and as applied to both synchronic and diachronic phonology. Examples of natural and unnatural sound patterns are provided, with attempts to move beyond linguistic intuitions by providing documentation from phonetic research, psycholinguistics, and laboratory phonology of the types of sound patterns grounded in physical properties of speech. A final issue discussed is the logic and empirical basis for encoding naturalness in synchronic grammars. Many common and recurrent sound patterns can be explained in terms of the way humans articulate and perceive speech, but phonetic explanation should be properly segregated from grammatical description and analysis.

01 01 JB code ill.7.09pra 06 10.1075/ill.7.09pra 149 165 17 Article 9 01 04 The iconic function of full inversion in English The iconic function of full inversion in English 1 A01 01 JB code 478101037 José Carlos Prado-Alonso Prado-Alonso, José Carlos José Carlos Prado-Alonso University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/478101037 01 eng 03 00

Over the past few years, full inversion constructions in which the subject follows the entire verb phrase in a declarative clause have been the subject of extensive research (cf. Bresnan and Kanerva 1992a and 1992b, Schachter 1992, Birner 1996, Dorgeloh 1997, Chen 2003, Kreyer 2006), the focus of each individual study varying according to the nature and goals of the specific theoretical framework adopted. This paper offers a contrastive corpus-based analysis of a particular type of full inversion, namely prepositional phrase inversion (for example, “On the table beside him sat his crown, his sword and his dagger”), in English fictional and non-fictional texts. It is argued that in fictional prose prepositional phrase inversion can be considered a marker of spatial experiential iconicity through which the process of physical perception is reflected in the syntax, whereas in non-fiction prepositional phrase inversion is used merely as a text-structuring device.

01 01 JB code ill.7.10mar 06 10.1075/ill.7.10mar 167 187 21 Article 10 01 04 What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency 1 A01 01 JB code 362101038 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362101038 01 eng 03 00

This paper is a contribution to research on iconicity and diagrammatic transparency in the lexicon. The focus lies on the potential contribution of polysemy to iconicity that is generally neglected by iconicity researchers. The three Peircean icon types of images, diagrams and metaphors are scrutinised with respect to their relationship to polysemy. It is shown that polysemy is diagrammatic and also closely connected to Peircean metaphor, since the icon types of metaphor and diagrams considerably overlap. Consequently, polysemy also plays a role in diagrammatic transparency and therefore must be considered as a distinct degree on scales of diagrammatic transparency. Existing scales of diagrammatic transparency should be revised. The most important problem with them is that they concentrate on the formal part of word transparency and neglect the semantic part of transparency issues. Evidence from questionnaire studies on lexical motivation suggests that diagrammatic transparency is not only a formal issue, but strongly depends on the semantic relation connecting a stimulus and its motivational base. Stimuli that are related by metaphorical similarity to a potential motivational partner are perceived more easily as motivated than stimuli that are potentially motivated by contiguity.

01 01 JB code ill.7.11dem 06 10.1075/ill.7.11dem 189 214 26 Article 11 01 04 Iconicity in sign languages Iconicity in sign languages 1 A01 01 JB code 727101039 Eline Demey Demey, Eline Eline Demey Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/727101039 2 A01 01 JB code 39101040 Mieke Van Herreweghe Van Herreweghe, Mieke Mieke Van Herreweghe Ghent University, Lessius University College 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/39101040 3 A01 01 JB code 349101041 Myriam Vermeerbergen Vermeerbergen, Myriam Myriam Vermeerbergen K.U. Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/349101041 01 eng 03 00

Sign languages are visual-gestural communication systems with a great potential for iconic structures and indeed, in sign languages iconicity is pervasive, both on the lexical and the grammical levels. However, in early sign language research the role of iconicity was downplayed in order to stress the similarities in structure between sign languages and spoken languages. For some authors, on the other hand, iconicity has been a reason for claiming that sign languages are organised in a fundamentally different way from spoken languages. Looking at sign languages from a phonological perspective, important questions remain unanswered in both these approaches. In this paper we try to provide answers to two questions. First, does iconicity play a part in the linguistic structure of sign languages and are sign language users aware of it? Second, what is the status of the sublexical elements in sign languages, and more specifically, should they be considered as phonemes or as morphemes? In the first section of the paper we shall explore the various forms of iconicity in sign languages, using the framework of Taub’s Analogue Building Model (2001). In the second and third sections we shall confront two approaches of sign language phonology, Cuxac’s sign language differential view with a focus on iconicity as the fundamental organising principle (1996, 2000) and the more spoken language compatible concepts of phonetic and semantic implementation by Van der Kooij (2002). These two accounts are the point of departure for the fourth section in which we shall put forward a proposal of an iconic superstructure which addresses iconicity in both the spoken and signed modalities and which offers an answer to both above-mentioned questions.

01 01 JB code ill.7.12gly 06 10.1075/ill.7.12gly 215 239 25 Article 12 01 04 Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms 1 A01 01 JB code 821101042 Dylan Glynn Glynn, Dylan Dylan Glynn University of Leuven, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/821101042 01 eng 03 00

This usage-based study tests the explanatory power of an iconically motivated theory of lexical class. The principle that basic level grammatical categories are motivated by our direct perceptual experience is an integral part of Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, Talmy 2000). However, recent research on English, Dutch, and German (Glynn 2006, 2007) has revealed mixed results in the application of this theory, suggesting that its descriptive power may be restricted to a very abstract level of semantic structure. This investigation focuses on the above question, looking at the class-lexeme productivity of a range of relational classes, such as adverbs and adjectives, in a morphologically rich language. The lexical field is that of ‘rain’-‘snow’ for the West Slavic language Polish. This perceptually based concept should offer a best-case scenario for examining the class-lexeme compositionality with an iconically motivated grammatical category. Despite this, the results show no particular evidence for iconic motivation, throwing weight behind the position that iconic motivation in grammar is at best an abstract tendency with little semantic impact.

01 01 JB code ill.7.13nam 06 10.1075/ill.7.13nam 241 243 3 Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Name index Name index 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.14sub 06 10.1075/ill.7.14sub 245 249 5 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ill.7 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20081210 C 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027243430 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027290762 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 88.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 158.00 USD
746007306 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code ILL 7 Hb 15 9789027243430 06 10.1075/ill.7 13 2008040255 00 BB 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 615 gr 10 01 JB code ILL 02 1873-5037 02 7.00 01 02 Iconicity in Language and Literature Iconicity in Language and Literature 01 01 Naturalness and Iconicity in Language Naturalness and Iconicity in Language 1 B01 01 JB code 258099901 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/258099901 2 B01 01 JB code 496099902 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/496099902 01 eng 11 259 03 03 ix 03 00 249 03 01 22 410 03 2008 P299.N37 04 Naturalness (Linguistics) 04 Iconicity (Linguistics) 04 Language and languages--Philosophy. 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code PHIL.GEN Philosophy 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SEM Semiotics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 03 00 Iconicity and naturalness remain controversial concepts in recent linguistic research. The present volume aims to scrutinize unresolved issues of iconicity and naturalness in language. The studies discuss topics such as naturalism in the philosophy of language and the epistemology of linguistics, linguistic iconicity in semiotics, iconic structures in Sign Languages, natural and unnatural sound patterns, the iconic nature of parts of speech, the relation between (un)markedness and naturalness, and lexical and syntactic iconicity. The research conducted is based on sound (meta)theoretical analyses and/or original empirical research. The data and innovative views presented are bound to spark discussion in an age-old debate that has lost nothing of its significance. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ill.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027243430.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027243430.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ill.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ill.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code ill.7.01con 06 10.1075/ill.7.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Contributors Contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.02edi 06 10.1075/ill.7.02edi ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Editors Editors 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.03de 06 10.1075/ill.7.03de 1 23 23 Miscellaneous 3 01 04 Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language 1 A01 01 JB code 860101030 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/860101030 2 A01 01 JB code 921101031 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/921101031 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.04for 06 10.1075/ill.7.04for 25 46 22 Article 4 01 04 Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology 1 A01 01 JB code 362101032 Lia Formigari Formigari, Lia Lia Formigari Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362101032 01 eng 03 00

The first part of the article provides a general working definition of linguistic naturalism and briefly describes the forms it took in pre-modern theories of language, pointing out those aspects that are still present in the modern-day debate (Section 1). It then shows that two different notions of the a priori are at the root of two competing forms of modern linguistic naturalism (Section 2). These are discussed in the next paragraphs, in which Chomsky’s internalist naturalism is contrasted with Quine’s externalist naturalism (Section 3), and with more recent research programs that can be subsumed under the rubric of ‘developmental’ naturalism. These focus on the formation of the a priori structures of subjectivity, and on the interaction of those structures and social practices from a phylogenetic (Section 4) and ontogenetic perspective (Section 5). A last paragraph (Section 6) draws a few conclusions.

01 01 JB code ill.7.05son 06 10.1075/ill.7.05son 47 72 26 Article 5 01 04 Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures 1 A01 01 JB code 710101033 Göran Sonesson Sonesson, Göran Göran Sonesson Department of Semiotics, Lund University, Sweden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/710101033 01 eng 03 00

Too often the word “iconicity” is used simply as a scientifically sounding term for similarity. In order to develop a real theory of iconicity, it is not enough, but perhaps a good start, to return to Peirce. In this paper, I use the reconstruction of the notion of iconicity inspired by my work in pictorial semiotics to throw some light on iconicity in language and in gesture. I suggest that there are several possible iconic relationships within the sign, and that these relations may involve properties, proper parts, or perspectives. In particular, I criticize the idea of iconicity being a question of degrees. The article looks at parallels between Lessing’s classic distinction between the resources of language and pictures and contemporary studies of “dual coding” in thinking. It also considers the segmentation of movement in different languages and gesture systems, in particular in relation to Satellite-framed and Verb-framed languages.

01 01 JB code ill.7.06not 06 10.1075/ill.7.06not 73 100 28 Article 6 01 04 Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity 1 A01 01 JB code 246101034 Winfried Nöth Nöth, Winfried Winfried Nöth Universität Kassel, Germany, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/246101034 01 eng 03 00

The paper examines the semiotic foundations of Natural Linguistics with special reference to diagrammatic iconicity. In accordance with C. S. Peirce’s semiotics, naturalness in language is described as a substratum of iconic, indexical, and symbolic signs. Diagrammatic iconicity in language is more than form-meaning isomorphism; it is a structure inherent in the verbal form itself irrespective of whether the diagram is used to represent anything at all. The rules of word formation, syntax, and the structures of discourse constitute verbal diagrams. The system of language is a diagrammatic rhematic legisign. A pure diagram is a relational form without reference to anything else. Diagrams that represent in connection with indexical reference are diagrammatic hypoicons. This is the kind of diagram which has been studied in Natural Linguistics so far. Diagrams in language are both cognitively necessary and rhetorically efficient since icons are superior to other signs when clearness of representation and coherence of argumentation is concerned.

01 01 JB code ill.7.07and 06 10.1075/ill.7.07and 101 119 19 Article 7 01 04 Naturalness and markedness Naturalness and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 594101035 Henning Andersen Andersen, Henning Henning Andersen University of California, Los Angeles, USA 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/594101035 01 eng 03 00

The following comparison of Naturalness theory and Markedness theory contrasts naturalness scales and markedness relations and the distinct notions of value in the two theories in order to focus on recent advances in the identification of rules of naturalness syntax and markedness syntax. It is shown that whereas naturalness theory offers little basis for accounts of variation and change, key notions in markedness theory play a central role both in accounts of synchronic variation and in explanations of the initiation and actualization of change. In a concluding comparison of the two theories it is argued that Markedness theory in essential respects subsumes Naturalness theory. This explains why many linguists find the two theories kindred, and it suggests that the future will see their unification.

01 01 JB code ill.7.08ble 06 10.1075/ill.7.08ble 121 148 28 Article 8 01 04 Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide 1 A01 01 JB code 39101036 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/39101036 01 eng 03 00

Natural sound patterns are those grounded in physical properties of speech, while unnatural sound patterns arguably have no such physical basis. This study provides a brief history of the study of natural and unnatural sound patterns from antiquity forward. Definitions of natural and unnatural sound patterns are examined in a range of frameworks, and as applied to both synchronic and diachronic phonology. Examples of natural and unnatural sound patterns are provided, with attempts to move beyond linguistic intuitions by providing documentation from phonetic research, psycholinguistics, and laboratory phonology of the types of sound patterns grounded in physical properties of speech. A final issue discussed is the logic and empirical basis for encoding naturalness in synchronic grammars. Many common and recurrent sound patterns can be explained in terms of the way humans articulate and perceive speech, but phonetic explanation should be properly segregated from grammatical description and analysis.

01 01 JB code ill.7.09pra 06 10.1075/ill.7.09pra 149 165 17 Article 9 01 04 The iconic function of full inversion in English The iconic function of full inversion in English 1 A01 01 JB code 478101037 José Carlos Prado-Alonso Prado-Alonso, José Carlos José Carlos Prado-Alonso University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/478101037 01 eng 03 00

Over the past few years, full inversion constructions in which the subject follows the entire verb phrase in a declarative clause have been the subject of extensive research (cf. Bresnan and Kanerva 1992a and 1992b, Schachter 1992, Birner 1996, Dorgeloh 1997, Chen 2003, Kreyer 2006), the focus of each individual study varying according to the nature and goals of the specific theoretical framework adopted. This paper offers a contrastive corpus-based analysis of a particular type of full inversion, namely prepositional phrase inversion (for example, “On the table beside him sat his crown, his sword and his dagger”), in English fictional and non-fictional texts. It is argued that in fictional prose prepositional phrase inversion can be considered a marker of spatial experiential iconicity through which the process of physical perception is reflected in the syntax, whereas in non-fiction prepositional phrase inversion is used merely as a text-structuring device.

01 01 JB code ill.7.10mar 06 10.1075/ill.7.10mar 167 187 21 Article 10 01 04 What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency 1 A01 01 JB code 362101038 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart, Germany 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362101038 01 eng 03 00

This paper is a contribution to research on iconicity and diagrammatic transparency in the lexicon. The focus lies on the potential contribution of polysemy to iconicity that is generally neglected by iconicity researchers. The three Peircean icon types of images, diagrams and metaphors are scrutinised with respect to their relationship to polysemy. It is shown that polysemy is diagrammatic and also closely connected to Peircean metaphor, since the icon types of metaphor and diagrams considerably overlap. Consequently, polysemy also plays a role in diagrammatic transparency and therefore must be considered as a distinct degree on scales of diagrammatic transparency. Existing scales of diagrammatic transparency should be revised. The most important problem with them is that they concentrate on the formal part of word transparency and neglect the semantic part of transparency issues. Evidence from questionnaire studies on lexical motivation suggests that diagrammatic transparency is not only a formal issue, but strongly depends on the semantic relation connecting a stimulus and its motivational base. Stimuli that are related by metaphorical similarity to a potential motivational partner are perceived more easily as motivated than stimuli that are potentially motivated by contiguity.

01 01 JB code ill.7.11dem 06 10.1075/ill.7.11dem 189 214 26 Article 11 01 04 Iconicity in sign languages Iconicity in sign languages 1 A01 01 JB code 727101039 Eline Demey Demey, Eline Eline Demey Ghent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/727101039 2 A01 01 JB code 39101040 Mieke Van Herreweghe Van Herreweghe, Mieke Mieke Van Herreweghe Ghent University, Lessius University College 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/39101040 3 A01 01 JB code 349101041 Myriam Vermeerbergen Vermeerbergen, Myriam Myriam Vermeerbergen K.U. Leuven 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/349101041 01 eng 03 00

Sign languages are visual-gestural communication systems with a great potential for iconic structures and indeed, in sign languages iconicity is pervasive, both on the lexical and the grammical levels. However, in early sign language research the role of iconicity was downplayed in order to stress the similarities in structure between sign languages and spoken languages. For some authors, on the other hand, iconicity has been a reason for claiming that sign languages are organised in a fundamentally different way from spoken languages. Looking at sign languages from a phonological perspective, important questions remain unanswered in both these approaches. In this paper we try to provide answers to two questions. First, does iconicity play a part in the linguistic structure of sign languages and are sign language users aware of it? Second, what is the status of the sublexical elements in sign languages, and more specifically, should they be considered as phonemes or as morphemes? In the first section of the paper we shall explore the various forms of iconicity in sign languages, using the framework of Taub’s Analogue Building Model (2001). In the second and third sections we shall confront two approaches of sign language phonology, Cuxac’s sign language differential view with a focus on iconicity as the fundamental organising principle (1996, 2000) and the more spoken language compatible concepts of phonetic and semantic implementation by Van der Kooij (2002). These two accounts are the point of departure for the fourth section in which we shall put forward a proposal of an iconic superstructure which addresses iconicity in both the spoken and signed modalities and which offers an answer to both above-mentioned questions.

01 01 JB code ill.7.12gly 06 10.1075/ill.7.12gly 215 239 25 Article 12 01 04 Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms 1 A01 01 JB code 821101042 Dylan Glynn Glynn, Dylan Dylan Glynn University of Leuven, Belgium 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/821101042 01 eng 03 00

This usage-based study tests the explanatory power of an iconically motivated theory of lexical class. The principle that basic level grammatical categories are motivated by our direct perceptual experience is an integral part of Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, Talmy 2000). However, recent research on English, Dutch, and German (Glynn 2006, 2007) has revealed mixed results in the application of this theory, suggesting that its descriptive power may be restricted to a very abstract level of semantic structure. This investigation focuses on the above question, looking at the class-lexeme productivity of a range of relational classes, such as adverbs and adjectives, in a morphologically rich language. The lexical field is that of ‘rain’-‘snow’ for the West Slavic language Polish. This perceptually based concept should offer a best-case scenario for examining the class-lexeme compositionality with an iconically motivated grammatical category. Despite this, the results show no particular evidence for iconic motivation, throwing weight behind the position that iconic motivation in grammar is at best an abstract tendency with little semantic impact.

01 01 JB code ill.7.13nam 06 10.1075/ill.7.13nam 241 243 3 Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Name index Name index 01 eng 01 01 JB code ill.7.14sub 06 10.1075/ill.7.14sub 245 249 5 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
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794013321 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code ILL 7 GE 15 9789027290762 06 10.1075/ill.7 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code ILL 02 JB code 1873-5037 02 7.00 01 02 Iconicity in Language and Literature Iconicity in Language and Literature 01 01 Naturalness and Iconicity in Language Naturalness and Iconicity in Language 1 B01 01 JB code 258099901 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University 2 B01 01 JB code 496099902 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University 01 eng 11 259 03 03 ix 03 00 249 03 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code PHIL.GEN Philosophy 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SEM Semiotics 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 01 06 03 00 Iconicity and naturalness remain controversial concepts in recent linguistic research. The present volume aims to scrutinize unresolved issues of iconicity and naturalness in language. The studies discuss topics such as naturalism in the philosophy of language and the epistemology of linguistics, linguistic iconicity in semiotics, iconic structures in Sign Languages, natural and unnatural sound patterns, the iconic nature of parts of speech, the relation between (un)markedness and naturalness, and lexical and syntactic iconicity. The research conducted is based on sound (meta)theoretical analyses and/or original empirical research. The data and innovative views presented are bound to spark discussion in an age-old debate that has lost nothing of its significance. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ill.7.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027243430.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027243430.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ill.7.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ill.7.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ill.7.hb.png 01 01 JB code ill.7.01con 06 10.1075/ill.7.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Contributors Contributors 01 01 JB code ill.7.02edi 06 10.1075/ill.7.02edi ix ix 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 Editors Editors 01 01 JB code ill.7.03de 06 10.1075/ill.7.03de 1 23 23 Miscellaneous 3 01 04 Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language Introduction: Naturalness and iconicity in language 1 A01 01 JB code 860101030 Ludovic De Cuypere De Cuypere, Ludovic Ludovic De Cuypere Ghent University, Belgium 2 A01 01 JB code 921101031 Klaas Willems Willems, Klaas Klaas Willems Ghent University, Belgium 01 01 JB code ill.7.04for 06 10.1075/ill.7.04for 25 46 22 Article 4 01 04 Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology Philosophical naturalism and linguistic epistemology 1 A01 01 JB code 362101032 Lia Formigari Formigari, Lia Lia Formigari Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy 01 01 JB code ill.7.05son 06 10.1075/ill.7.05son 47 72 26 Article 5 01 04 Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures Prolegomena to a general theory of iconicity considerations on language, gesture, and pictures 1 A01 01 JB code 710101033 Göran Sonesson Sonesson, Göran Göran Sonesson Department of Semiotics, Lund University, Sweden 01 01 JB code ill.7.06not 06 10.1075/ill.7.06not 73 100 28 Article 6 01 04 Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity Semiotic foundations of natural linguistics and diagrammatic iconicity 1 A01 01 JB code 246101034 Winfried Nöth Nöth, Winfried Winfried Nöth Universität Kassel, Germany, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil 01 01 JB code ill.7.07and 06 10.1075/ill.7.07and 101 119 19 Article 7 01 04 Naturalness and markedness Naturalness and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 594101035 Henning Andersen Andersen, Henning Henning Andersen University of California, Los Angeles, USA 01 01 JB code ill.7.08ble 06 10.1075/ill.7.08ble 121 148 28 Article 8 01 04 Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide Natural and unnatural sound patterns: A pocket field guide 1 A01 01 JB code 39101036 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 01 01 JB code ill.7.09pra 06 10.1075/ill.7.09pra 149 165 17 Article 9 01 04 The iconic function of full inversion in English The iconic function of full inversion in English 1 A01 01 JB code 478101037 José Carlos Prado-Alonso Prado-Alonso, José Carlos José Carlos Prado-Alonso University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 01 01 JB code ill.7.10mar 06 10.1075/ill.7.10mar 167 187 21 Article 10 01 04 What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency What is iconic about polysemy? A contribution to research on diagrammatic Transparency 1 A01 01 JB code 362101038 Daniela Marzo Marzo, Daniela Daniela Marzo University of Stuttgart, Germany 01 01 JB code ill.7.11dem 06 10.1075/ill.7.11dem 189 214 26 Article 11 01 04 Iconicity in sign languages Iconicity in sign languages 1 A01 01 JB code 727101039 Eline Demey Demey, Eline Eline Demey Ghent University 2 A01 01 JB code 39101040 Mieke Van Herreweghe Van Herreweghe, Mieke Mieke Van Herreweghe Ghent University, Lessius University College 3 A01 01 JB code 349101041 Myriam Vermeerbergen Vermeerbergen, Myriam Myriam Vermeerbergen K.U. Leuven 01 01 JB code ill.7.12gly 06 10.1075/ill.7.12gly 215 239 25 Article 12 01 04 Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms Arbitrary structure, cognitive grammar, and the partes orationis. A study in Polish paradigms 1 A01 01 JB code 821101042 Dylan Glynn Glynn, Dylan Dylan Glynn University of Leuven, Belgium 01 01 JB code ill.7.13nam 06 10.1075/ill.7.13nam 241 243 3 Miscellaneous 13 01 04 Name index Name index 01 01 JB code ill.7.14sub 06 10.1075/ill.7.14sub 245 249 5 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20081210 C 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2008 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027243430 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 105.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 88.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 158.00 USD