Table of contents
Acknowledgements
vii
Series editor preface
ix
Chapter 1.Overview of research to enhance score interpretation
1
Part I.Vertical linking research for suites of language tests
13
Chapter 2.Considerations in developing vertical scales for language tests
14
Chapter 3.Assessment design issues in developing vertical scales for language
tests
35
Chapter 4.Statistical methodology for developing vertical scales for language
tests
61
Part II.Enhancing score interpretation for individual language tests
79
Chapter 5.Scale anchoring methodology for developing revised performance level
descriptors for the TOEFL iBT test
80
Chapter 6.Exploring the benefits and challenges of web-based approaches to standard
setting
99
Chapter 7.Mapping TOEFL essentials speaking and writing scores to the CEFR
levels
120
Chapter 8.Designing and executing a score concordance study to establish score
mapping to proficiency levels
141
Part III.Concluding commentary
157
Chapter 9.Literacy, transparency, and (mis)interpretations in communicating with
testing stakeholders
158
Notes on contributors
168
Index