Chapter 1
Russian-Germans
Historical background, language varieties, and language use
This paper illustrates the background of the so-called Russian-Germans: It describes the region of origin of the settlers and the original dialects spoken, the language development and language use in the respective settlements, and addresses changes in language use and language attitude in the post-war period. Based on narrative interviews conducted in the Volga region, the Ural area and St. Petersburg in 2001 with 40 informants of four different generations, the use of the different varieties of German is demonstrated and its consequences for language transmission and language use after repatriation is discussed. Moreover, the chapter shows what impact the change in language use and attitude had on identity formation in the Russian German community. In doing so, the paper illustrates what language repertoire, attitude and identity concept Russian-Germans had at their disposal before “re-migrating” to Germany.
Article outline
- 1.Historical background
- 1.1First settlements and origins
- 1.2Development in the 20th century
- 1.3Development after the perestroika
- 2.Some characteristics of Russian German varieties
- 2.1Russian German dialects and koines
- 2.2Transfer from the contact varieties
- 2.2.1Lexical and semantic transfer
- 2.2.2Morphological and syntactic transfer
- 3.Language competence, use and transmission
- 3.1General background of the study
- 3.2Self-assessment: Language competence
- 3.3Language use across generations
- 3.4Language transmission
- 3.5Consequences: Language use in the migration context
- 4.Russian Germans and their identity
- 4.1Identity and mother tongue
- 4.2Language and group identity
- 5.Discussion
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Notes
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References