219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201705011133
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
833017033
03
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
IVITRA 14 Eb
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9789027266378
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10.1075/ivitra.14
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2016049584
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002
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IVITRA
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2211-5412
IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature
14
01
Metapragmatics of Humor
Current research trends
01
ivitra.14
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ivitra.14
1
B01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante
01
eng
307
vi
301
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HUMOR
Humor studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
06
01
<i>Metapragmatics of Humor: Current research trends</i> contributes to a new area in the pragmatics of humor: its conception as a metapragmatic ability. The book collects thirteen chapters organized into three parts: Revisions and applications of General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context; Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes; and Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor. Thus, this book provides an up-to-date panorama of this field, where metapragmatic abilities are described in adults as well as in children, on humorous and non-humorous genres — jokes, cartoons, humorous monologues, parodies, conversation, Twitter —, and using several approaches, such as GTVH, multimodality, conversational analysis, eye-tracking methodology, etc.
05
This volume aims to go more deeply into the comprehensive analysis of humorous texts and interactions, taking the notion of metapragmatic awareness as point of departure. This methodological choice promotes a series of decidedly innovative approaches to a crucial dimension of humor: reflexivity, understood as a series of monitoring processes that underlie humorous usages and usually have formal manifestations in discourse. The volume thus constitutes a relevant contribution to the field, insofar as it contains innovative approaches to a good number of empirical data, as well as deep methodological reflections on the interplay between Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis in Humor Studies.
Inés Olza, University of Navarra
05
The pragmatics of humor is a highly attractive area of research in present-day<br />linguistics. One of theoretically significant aspects of this field is the conception of humor as a metapragmatic ability, i.e. a reflexive activity of speakers. This book brings together several approaches to the metapragmatics of humor. The monograph is highly innovative and produces new findings for both the theory of pragmatics and the description of some individual areas of the humorous use of language.
Dmitrij Dobrovol'skij, Russian Academy of Sciences
05
The volume under review is a most welcome addition to the relevant research. Not only does it acknowledge the significance of respective research topics, but it also enriches the literature and expands its scope by exploring topics such as speakers’ metapragmatic awareness/competence [...]. The volume is recommended not only to those interested in the metapragmatics (and the pragmatics) of humorous discourse but also to those interested in the metapragmatics of language in general.
Villy Tsakona, Democritus University of Thrace, on Linguist List 23.3259 (01/08/2017)
05
A fresh and novel approach to humor in the context of pragmatic analysis from an array of theoretical, linguistic, discursive and multimodal perspectives.
Javier Muñoz-Basols, University of Oxford
05
Overall, the book effectively demonstrates the role of metapragmatic awareness in creating and processing humour. The mix of pragmatic and cognitive methods of analysis is perhaps one of its strongest features: it offers a new perspective for future humour research by enriching existing theories of humour (e.g. the GTVH) with new components, thus making them more applicable to the analysis of specific humorous genres.
Ksenia M. Shilikhina, Voronezh State University, Russia, in European Journal of Humour Research 5.4 (2017)
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JB code
ivitra.14.01int
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8
8
Article
1
01
Exploring metapragmatics of humor
1
A01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p1
Section header
2
01
Part 1. Revisions and applications of <i>General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.02jue
11
34
24
Article
3
01
The variables of the evaluative functional relationship
The
variables of the evaluative functional relationship
The case of humorous discourse
1
A01
Laura Alba-Juez
Alba-Juez, Laura
Laura
Alba-Juez
UNED
20
evaluative function
20
functional relationship
20
humorous discourse
20
knowledge resources/variables of the evaluation function ‘F'
20
stance
01
In this paper I focus on the evaluative content of humor, an aspect which – to date and to my knowledge – has been dealt with only in a peripheral manner by research both on humor and on evaluation. Linguistic evaluation is viewed herein as a dynamical subsystem of language (as discussed in Alba-Juez & Alba-Juez 2012), and it is argued that it should be studied and analyzed as an important element in any theory of humor performance. A corpus of 100 psychology jokes in English and Spanish found on jokes websites was used as data, whose evaluative content was examined taking into account the findings of previous research on stance and evaluative language (e.g. Hunston & Thompson 2000; Martin & White 2005; Englebretson 2007; Bednarek 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2009a & b; Thompson & Alba-Juez 2014) and the evaluative function of irony (e.g. Partington 2007, 2011; Alba-Juez & Attardo 2014).
<br />Evaluation is treated herein as a pragmatic and cognitive phenomenon which is a function of a number of variables that interact with one another. Thus, a methodology and procedure to analyze the stance taken by the jokester (and transmitted through the jokes) is proposed, by means of which the evaluative content of the jokes is scrutinized in order to assign the corresponding qualitative values to each one of these interacting variables. This methodology is applied not only to the analysis of jokes in isolation, but also to the comparison of the evaluative equations of different jokes, or of similar jokes in different languages (English and Spanish, in this particular case). Likewise, it is suggested that this procedure can prove valid for the analysis of the evaluative content of any other discourse type, although genres other than humor are beyond the scope of this paper.
<br />Thus, this study has two main aims: On the one hand, it is proposed that evaluation be included in humor theories as one of its ‘knowledge resources’, and for this purpose Ruiz Gurillos’s <i>Revised General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (2013) is taken as a point of departure. On the other hand, the six main variables or ‘knowledge resources’ of evaluation (found as the result of previous research on the topic) are explained, discussed and exemplified within the specific genre of psychology jokes. Evaluation is viewed as a function of these resources, the relationship between them being therefore a functional relationship.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.03ala
35
56
22
Article
4
01
Humor and advertising in Twitter
An approach from the General Theory of Verbal Humor and Metapragmatics
1
A01
Ana Pano Alamán
Pano Alamán, Ana
Ana
Pano Alamán
Università di Bologna
2
A01
Ana Mancera Rueda
Rueda, Ana Mancera
Ana Mancera
Rueda
Universidad de Sevilla
20
General Theory of Verbal Humor
20
Metapragmatics
20
Spanish advertising
20
Twitter
01
Irony and verbal humor play a leading role in computer-mediated discourses. Irony, for instance, is mainly used to criticise politics and politicians in Twitter, while verbal humor contributes to strengthen social relations in Twitter or Facebook. In this paper, we focus on humor in order to explore more in deep its mechanisms, function, and effects within Twitter “conversations” between Spanish companies or public institutions and microblog users. Assuming the main premises of the General Theory of Verbal Humor and adopting a metapragmatic approach, this research aims at identifying the knowledge resources at work when humor is used as an advertising strategy; as well as categorizing these tweets according to the types of logical mechanisms adopted by the interactants to solve the script-opposition in which humor is based. The analysis proves that verbal and visual humor is a strategy adopted by most companies and institutions in order to give visibility to their products and services and to reinforce the social ties with their potential customers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.04gue
57
77
21
Article
5
01
Beyond verbal incongruity
A genre-specific model for the interpretation of humor in political cartoons
1
A01
Marta Agüero Guerra
Agüero Guerra, Marta
Marta
Agüero Guerra
University of Iowa
20
humor
20
multimodality
20
political cartoons
20
social semiotics
01
The General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo and Raskin 1991) opened the path to study the mechanisms of humor. Research on the comprehension and production of cartoons has traditionally adopted cognitive-semantic theories to explain how readers interpret their humorous messages. While perfectly applicable, these theories focus on the linguistic components of cartoons, analyzing exclusively the text in their speech balloons or captions with little to no attention paid to what the visual components add to their meaning. This paper analyzes the nature of cartoons as narrative monomodal or multimodal ensembles and revisits previous approaches with the goal of proposing a new genre-specific model for the understanding of their humorous messages.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.05rui
79
101
23
Article
6
01
Metapragmatics of humor
Variability, negotiability and adaptability in humorous monologues
1
A01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
General Theory of Verbal Humor
20
humor
20
humorous monologue
20
metapragmatics
20
pragmatic awareness
01
The main aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical model for the study of humor as a metapragmatic ability, the so-called metapragmatics of humor (MH). After offering a short overview, humor will be analyzed from the conception of metapragmatics according to Verschueren (1999), (2000), (2009). Considering humor as a continuous choice where variability, negotiability, and adaptability become key notions, the <i>knowledge resources</i> in the <i>General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (GTVH) (Attardo and Raskin 1991; Attardo 2001a, 2008; Ruiz-Gurillo, 2012) will be understood as metapragmatic awareness processes. Our proposal intends to integrate the productive process of the writer/speaker along with the interpretative process of the reader/listener. Finally, this metapragmatics of humor will be applied to humorous monologues.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p2
Section header
7
01
Part 2. Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes
10
01
JB code
p2.1
Section header
8
01
2.1. Jokes
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.06cam
107
125
19
Article
9
01
Lawyers, great lawyers, and liars
The metapragmatics of lying in lawyer jokes
1
A01
Miguel Ángel Campos Pardillos
Campos Pardillos, Miguel Ángel
Miguel Ángel
Campos Pardillos
University of Alicante
20
lawyer jokes
20
legal language
20
metalinguistic humor
20
pragmatics of lying
01
This chapter analyses the pragmatic structure of lawyer jokes, specifically those based on explicit references to lawyers’ inclination towards lying and their ability thereto. Lying has been extensively studied as an indication that the Cooperative Principle has not been followed; however, the explicit reference to lying as a practice found in lawyer jokes has not received much attention. From a sample of lawyer jokes collected from various online sources, the metapragmatic mechanisms of non-truthful statements and lying are described from a double point of view: the social implication of lawyers as liars and a Gricean analysis of lawyers not following cooperative principles in communication. The analysis demonstrates how these can lead to humorous reactions, but also, to the construction and acceptance of a cultural stereotype that represents a given profession as a dishonest one. This study shows that lying is indeed a source of humorous effects, and that such results are not hampered by the explicit reference to lying. This seems to favor a new approach to the analysis of jokes whose success may be based on their explicitness, but also on a clear metapragmatic awareness.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.07bal
127
143
17
Article
10
01
A look at metalinguistic jokes based on intentional morphological reanalysis
A
look at metalinguistic jokes based on intentional morphological reanalysis
1
A01
Isabel Balteiro
Balteiro, Isabel
Isabel
Balteiro
University of Alicante
20
ambiguity
20
intentional morphological misinterpretation
20
metalinguistic jokes
20
morphological reanalysis
20
word play
01
This chapter analyses metalinguistic jokes produced by intentional morphological reanalysis, particularly, those which involve intentional morphological misinterpretations of morphemes or word parts. One single morpheme or word may be decomposed into pseudo-morphemes, through what Guiraud (1976) calls “defunctionalization” of language, which most often become fully meaningful and transparent due to their formal identity with an already existent free morpheme. Consequently, new, potential and highly motivated words are created with humorous purposes. In our sample, the manipulation and reinterpretation of the <i>a priori</i> indivisible word structures are supported by the existence of, mainly, homophones and paronyms, graphic marks and, less frequently, by slight spelling changes, e.g. Q: What do you give a skeleton for Valentine’s Day? A: Bone-bones in a heart-shaped box.
10
01
JB code
p2.2
Section header
11
01
2.2. TV genres
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.08gro
147
175
29
Article
12
01
How do French humorists adapt across situations?
A corpus study of their prosodic and (dis)fluency profiles
1
A01
Iulia Grosman
Grosman, Iulia
Iulia
Grosman
The VALIBEL Research Centre, Institute for Language and Communication (IL&C), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
20
corpus linguistics
20
disfluencies
20
French
20
humorists' speech
20
prosody
20
register and style variation
01
The paradigm of humor studies has deemed prosody (<i>rhythm and intonation</i>) and (dis)fluencies (<i>discourse markers, filled and unfilled pauses, repetitions,</i> etc.) as relevant cues in conversational humor for expression of sarcasm and irony. However, they also make valuable (interactive) devices for discourse planning and structure since they carry both semantic and pragmatic information. After a summary on the study of humorists’ speech and its meta-pragmatic implications (Sections 1 & 2), a two-fold corpus-based analysis offers results on 8 humorists’ speech variations across 4 situations (<i>theatre and radio sketches, radio and face-to-face interviews</i>) and their relevant contextual features. Firstly on the continuum from hypo- to hyper-articulation (Lindblom, 1990), temporal and melodic variations reveal which discourse adaptation is motivated by a specific pragmatic determiner. Secondly, (dis)fluencies’ distribution within speakers and across situations reveal the importance of the individual’s <i>Speaker Dis/Fluency Profile (SDFP)</i>. Discussion shall focus on the study’s contribution to humorists’ <i>phonostyles</i> and persona, as well as on the implication of native language SDFP for assessment of non-native speakers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.09ste
177
189
13
Article
13
01
Truthiness and consequences
A cognitive pragmatic analysis of Stephen Colbert’s satirical strategies and effects
1
A01
Craig O. Stewart
Stewart, Craig O.
Craig O.
Stewart
Department of Communication, University of Memphis
20
discourse analysis
20
humor
20
irony
20
pragmatics
20
satire
20
Stephen Colbert
01
Using a discourse perspective on the production and reception of satire, this paper comparatively examines the different satirical goals and audiences of Stephen Colbert’s ironic satire on <i>The Colbert Report</i> (<i>TCR</i>) and at the 2006 White House Correspondents’ Dinner (WHCD). While some research suggests at least some viewers of <i>TCR</i> did not perceive it to be ironic satire, Colbert’s WHCD speech successfully and unambiguously achieved its satirical goals. The analysis shows that one possible explanation for the success of the speech, as opposed to the ambiguity of <i>The Colbert Report</i>, is that the speech’s structure facilitated both the immediate audience’s and potential mediated referee’s cognitive processing of satirical communication as described in Simpson’s (2003) discourse model of satire.
10
01
JB code
p2.3
Section header
14
01
2.3. Conversation
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.10alv
193
214
22
Article
15
01
Variability, adaptability and negotiability in conversational humor
A matter of gender
1
A01
M. Belén Alvarado Ortega
Alvarado Ortega, M. Belén
M. Belén
Alvarado Ortega
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
adaptability
20
conversational strategies
20
image
20
negotiability
20
variability
01
The present study has as its aim to analyze conversational utterances containing humor produced by men and women from the pragmatic perspective of Verschueren (2002), ultimately seeking to check whether discrepancies exist between the respective strategies that they use. In most cases, the interlocutors utilize different linguistic procedures to adapt their utterance – or not – to the humorous mode, by means of various conversational strategies that will depend both on gender and on the contextual situation. It all is determined by the nature of the corpus gathered as well as by the concepts of <i>variability, adaptability</i> and <i>negotiability</i> described by Verschueren (1999, 2002). Briz and the Val.Es.Co. Group’s <i>Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales</i> [Corpus of Colloquial Conversations], which is currently going through a digitization process, was used to achieve our aims. The analysis showed us that, when humor appears, each gender’s identity is defined through different strategies and procedures to adapt to the context.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.11pri
215
233
19
Article
16
01
Teasing in casual conversations
An opportunistic discursive strategy
1
A01
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
Priego-Valverde, Béatrice
Béatrice
Priego-Valverde
Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix en Provence, France
20
“linguistic pinning”
20
casual conversation
20
conversational humor
20
teasing
01
In order to study teasing in casual conversations, I will focus the present work on a specific humorous device that frequently occurs in casual conversations: “linguistic pinning” (Traverso, 1999) described as a verbatim repetition of a word or expression said by the hearer to create humor. Teasing, as many other forms of conversational humor in a broad sense, is thus seen as a rebound on, at least, the prior turn. Consequently, the humorous speaker will be depicted as both a participant able to adapt her/himself to the context (discursive and more generally, relational) and an opportunist, watching out for the possibility of producing humor.
<br />After a description of the forms and function of linguistic pinning and after a comparison to other related phenomena (repetition and punning), I will analyze seven examples of pinning to show its discursive functioning and some reactions it triggers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.12gir
235
254
20
Article
17
01
Smiling, gaze, and humor in conversation
A pilot study
1
A01
Elisa Gironzetti
Gironzetti, Elisa
Elisa
Gironzetti
Texas A&M University x Commerce, Applied Linguistics Laboratory
2
A01
Salvatore Attardo
Attardo, Salvatore
Salvatore
Attardo
3
A01
Lucy Pickering
Pickering, Lucy
Lucy
Pickering
20
discourse analysis
20
eye-tracking
20
gaze
20
humor markers
20
smiling
01
This paper presents a pilot study, which is part of a larger research project intended to shed light on the role of smiling as a marker of humor in naturalistic conversation. Building on previous research (Attardo, Pickering, and Baker 2011; Calvo, Fernández-Martín, and Nummenmaa 2013; Calvo, Gutiérrez-García, Avero, and Lundqvist 2013; Heerey and Crossley 2013), a mixed methods approach was adopted to collect qualitative and quantitative data in order to determine if there is a relationship between gaze patterns, humorous events, and the smiling behavior of native English speakers taking part in a dyadic face-to-face conversation. Preliminary results show that occurrence of humor and increased participants’ attention to the mouth and eyes areas of the interlocutor’s face tend to co-occur.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p3
Section header
18
01
Part 3. Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.13hoi
257
272
16
Article
19
01
Understanding of humorous intentions
A developmental approach
1
A01
Elena Hoicka
Hoicka, Elena
Elena
Hoicka
University of Sheffield
20
development
20
humor
20
intention
20
joke
20
social cognition
01
This paper demonstrates that children understand humor from an intentional perspective as young as 2 years. This is interesting from two vantage points. First, the research shows that children understand both humor and intentions separately before understanding humorous intentions, suggesting these two concepts are dissociable. However, the research presented suggests that understanding humorous intentions could be a gateway to understanding intentions in complex ways. Humor is the first type of non-literal communication that children understand from an intentional viewpoint, compared to pretending, lying, metaphor, and irony. Understanding humorous intentions may thus allow children to identify and practice understanding others’ mental states in increasingly complex ways.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.14tim
273
298
26
Article
20
01
Children using phraseology for humorous purposes
The case of 9-to-10-year-olds
1
A01
Larissa Timofeeva-Timofeev
Timofeeva-Timofeev, Larissa
Larissa
Timofeeva-Timofeev
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
children's language
20
humor
20
metapragmatic ability
20
phraseology
01
This paper analyzes the use of phraseological procedures for humorous purposes in 9-to-10-year-olds’ written production with regard to their metapragmatic development. 148 humorous stories written by 4th grade Primary School children from 5 schools located in the province of Alicante (Spain) were quantitatively and qualitatively processed. The analysis revealed that children belonging to the age group examined use phraseology for humor in a mainly epipragmatic way, although evidence of metapragmatic reflection exists as well. Phrasal compounds and idioms present similar use rates, which refutes the initial hypothesis according to which transparent phrasal compounds are preferred over more opaque idioms. The unexpected outcome of the study was the use – though scarce – of manipulated phraseological units, since this procedure implies a high metapragmatic competence.
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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20161124
2016
John Benjamins B.V.
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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9789027240200
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BB
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IVITRA
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2211-5412
IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature
14
01
Metapragmatics of Humor
Current research trends
01
ivitra.14
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/ivitra.14
1
B01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante
01
eng
307
vi
301
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.HUMOR
Humor studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
06
01
<i>Metapragmatics of Humor: Current research trends</i> contributes to a new area in the pragmatics of humor: its conception as a metapragmatic ability. The book collects thirteen chapters organized into three parts: Revisions and applications of General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context; Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes; and Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor. Thus, this book provides an up-to-date panorama of this field, where metapragmatic abilities are described in adults as well as in children, on humorous and non-humorous genres — jokes, cartoons, humorous monologues, parodies, conversation, Twitter —, and using several approaches, such as GTVH, multimodality, conversational analysis, eye-tracking methodology, etc.
05
This volume aims to go more deeply into the comprehensive analysis of humorous texts and interactions, taking the notion of metapragmatic awareness as point of departure. This methodological choice promotes a series of decidedly innovative approaches to a crucial dimension of humor: reflexivity, understood as a series of monitoring processes that underlie humorous usages and usually have formal manifestations in discourse. The volume thus constitutes a relevant contribution to the field, insofar as it contains innovative approaches to a good number of empirical data, as well as deep methodological reflections on the interplay between Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis in Humor Studies.
Inés Olza, University of Navarra
05
The pragmatics of humor is a highly attractive area of research in present-day<br />linguistics. One of theoretically significant aspects of this field is the conception of humor as a metapragmatic ability, i.e. a reflexive activity of speakers. This book brings together several approaches to the metapragmatics of humor. The monograph is highly innovative and produces new findings for both the theory of pragmatics and the description of some individual areas of the humorous use of language.
Dmitrij Dobrovol'skij, Russian Academy of Sciences
05
The volume under review is a most welcome addition to the relevant research. Not only does it acknowledge the significance of respective research topics, but it also enriches the literature and expands its scope by exploring topics such as speakers’ metapragmatic awareness/competence [...]. The volume is recommended not only to those interested in the metapragmatics (and the pragmatics) of humorous discourse but also to those interested in the metapragmatics of language in general.
Villy Tsakona, Democritus University of Thrace, on Linguist List 23.3259 (01/08/2017)
05
A fresh and novel approach to humor in the context of pragmatic analysis from an array of theoretical, linguistic, discursive and multimodal perspectives.
Javier Muñoz-Basols, University of Oxford
05
Overall, the book effectively demonstrates the role of metapragmatic awareness in creating and processing humour. The mix of pragmatic and cognitive methods of analysis is perhaps one of its strongest features: it offers a new perspective for future humour research by enriching existing theories of humour (e.g. the GTVH) with new components, thus making them more applicable to the analysis of specific humorous genres.
Ksenia M. Shilikhina, Voronezh State University, Russia, in European Journal of Humour Research 5.4 (2017)
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JB code
ivitra.14.01int
1
8
8
Article
1
01
Exploring metapragmatics of humor
1
A01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p1
Section header
2
01
Part 1. Revisions and applications of <i>General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.02jue
11
34
24
Article
3
01
The variables of the evaluative functional relationship
The
variables of the evaluative functional relationship
The case of humorous discourse
1
A01
Laura Alba-Juez
Alba-Juez, Laura
Laura
Alba-Juez
UNED
20
evaluative function
20
functional relationship
20
humorous discourse
20
knowledge resources/variables of the evaluation function ‘F'
20
stance
01
In this paper I focus on the evaluative content of humor, an aspect which – to date and to my knowledge – has been dealt with only in a peripheral manner by research both on humor and on evaluation. Linguistic evaluation is viewed herein as a dynamical subsystem of language (as discussed in Alba-Juez & Alba-Juez 2012), and it is argued that it should be studied and analyzed as an important element in any theory of humor performance. A corpus of 100 psychology jokes in English and Spanish found on jokes websites was used as data, whose evaluative content was examined taking into account the findings of previous research on stance and evaluative language (e.g. Hunston & Thompson 2000; Martin & White 2005; Englebretson 2007; Bednarek 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2009a & b; Thompson & Alba-Juez 2014) and the evaluative function of irony (e.g. Partington 2007, 2011; Alba-Juez & Attardo 2014).
<br />Evaluation is treated herein as a pragmatic and cognitive phenomenon which is a function of a number of variables that interact with one another. Thus, a methodology and procedure to analyze the stance taken by the jokester (and transmitted through the jokes) is proposed, by means of which the evaluative content of the jokes is scrutinized in order to assign the corresponding qualitative values to each one of these interacting variables. This methodology is applied not only to the analysis of jokes in isolation, but also to the comparison of the evaluative equations of different jokes, or of similar jokes in different languages (English and Spanish, in this particular case). Likewise, it is suggested that this procedure can prove valid for the analysis of the evaluative content of any other discourse type, although genres other than humor are beyond the scope of this paper.
<br />Thus, this study has two main aims: On the one hand, it is proposed that evaluation be included in humor theories as one of its ‘knowledge resources’, and for this purpose Ruiz Gurillos’s <i>Revised General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (2013) is taken as a point of departure. On the other hand, the six main variables or ‘knowledge resources’ of evaluation (found as the result of previous research on the topic) are explained, discussed and exemplified within the specific genre of psychology jokes. Evaluation is viewed as a function of these resources, the relationship between them being therefore a functional relationship.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.03ala
35
56
22
Article
4
01
Humor and advertising in Twitter
An approach from the General Theory of Verbal Humor and Metapragmatics
1
A01
Ana Pano Alamán
Pano Alamán, Ana
Ana
Pano Alamán
Università di Bologna
2
A01
Ana Mancera Rueda
Rueda, Ana Mancera
Ana Mancera
Rueda
Universidad de Sevilla
20
General Theory of Verbal Humor
20
Metapragmatics
20
Spanish advertising
20
Twitter
01
Irony and verbal humor play a leading role in computer-mediated discourses. Irony, for instance, is mainly used to criticise politics and politicians in Twitter, while verbal humor contributes to strengthen social relations in Twitter or Facebook. In this paper, we focus on humor in order to explore more in deep its mechanisms, function, and effects within Twitter “conversations” between Spanish companies or public institutions and microblog users. Assuming the main premises of the General Theory of Verbal Humor and adopting a metapragmatic approach, this research aims at identifying the knowledge resources at work when humor is used as an advertising strategy; as well as categorizing these tweets according to the types of logical mechanisms adopted by the interactants to solve the script-opposition in which humor is based. The analysis proves that verbal and visual humor is a strategy adopted by most companies and institutions in order to give visibility to their products and services and to reinforce the social ties with their potential customers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.04gue
57
77
21
Article
5
01
Beyond verbal incongruity
A genre-specific model for the interpretation of humor in political cartoons
1
A01
Marta Agüero Guerra
Agüero Guerra, Marta
Marta
Agüero Guerra
University of Iowa
20
humor
20
multimodality
20
political cartoons
20
social semiotics
01
The General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo and Raskin 1991) opened the path to study the mechanisms of humor. Research on the comprehension and production of cartoons has traditionally adopted cognitive-semantic theories to explain how readers interpret their humorous messages. While perfectly applicable, these theories focus on the linguistic components of cartoons, analyzing exclusively the text in their speech balloons or captions with little to no attention paid to what the visual components add to their meaning. This paper analyzes the nature of cartoons as narrative monomodal or multimodal ensembles and revisits previous approaches with the goal of proposing a new genre-specific model for the understanding of their humorous messages.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.05rui
79
101
23
Article
6
01
Metapragmatics of humor
Variability, negotiability and adaptability in humorous monologues
1
A01
Leonor Ruiz-Gurillo
Ruiz-Gurillo, Leonor
Leonor
Ruiz-Gurillo
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
General Theory of Verbal Humor
20
humor
20
humorous monologue
20
metapragmatics
20
pragmatic awareness
01
The main aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical model for the study of humor as a metapragmatic ability, the so-called metapragmatics of humor (MH). After offering a short overview, humor will be analyzed from the conception of metapragmatics according to Verschueren (1999), (2000), (2009). Considering humor as a continuous choice where variability, negotiability, and adaptability become key notions, the <i>knowledge resources</i> in the <i>General Theory of Verbal Humor</i> (GTVH) (Attardo and Raskin 1991; Attardo 2001a, 2008; Ruiz-Gurillo, 2012) will be understood as metapragmatic awareness processes. Our proposal intends to integrate the productive process of the writer/speaker along with the interpretative process of the reader/listener. Finally, this metapragmatics of humor will be applied to humorous monologues.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p2
Section header
7
01
Part 2. Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes
10
01
JB code
p2.1
Section header
8
01
2.1. Jokes
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.06cam
107
125
19
Article
9
01
Lawyers, great lawyers, and liars
The metapragmatics of lying in lawyer jokes
1
A01
Miguel Ángel Campos Pardillos
Campos Pardillos, Miguel Ángel
Miguel Ángel
Campos Pardillos
University of Alicante
20
lawyer jokes
20
legal language
20
metalinguistic humor
20
pragmatics of lying
01
This chapter analyses the pragmatic structure of lawyer jokes, specifically those based on explicit references to lawyers’ inclination towards lying and their ability thereto. Lying has been extensively studied as an indication that the Cooperative Principle has not been followed; however, the explicit reference to lying as a practice found in lawyer jokes has not received much attention. From a sample of lawyer jokes collected from various online sources, the metapragmatic mechanisms of non-truthful statements and lying are described from a double point of view: the social implication of lawyers as liars and a Gricean analysis of lawyers not following cooperative principles in communication. The analysis demonstrates how these can lead to humorous reactions, but also, to the construction and acceptance of a cultural stereotype that represents a given profession as a dishonest one. This study shows that lying is indeed a source of humorous effects, and that such results are not hampered by the explicit reference to lying. This seems to favor a new approach to the analysis of jokes whose success may be based on their explicitness, but also on a clear metapragmatic awareness.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.07bal
127
143
17
Article
10
01
A look at metalinguistic jokes based on intentional morphological reanalysis
A
look at metalinguistic jokes based on intentional morphological reanalysis
1
A01
Isabel Balteiro
Balteiro, Isabel
Isabel
Balteiro
University of Alicante
20
ambiguity
20
intentional morphological misinterpretation
20
metalinguistic jokes
20
morphological reanalysis
20
word play
01
This chapter analyses metalinguistic jokes produced by intentional morphological reanalysis, particularly, those which involve intentional morphological misinterpretations of morphemes or word parts. One single morpheme or word may be decomposed into pseudo-morphemes, through what Guiraud (1976) calls “defunctionalization” of language, which most often become fully meaningful and transparent due to their formal identity with an already existent free morpheme. Consequently, new, potential and highly motivated words are created with humorous purposes. In our sample, the manipulation and reinterpretation of the <i>a priori</i> indivisible word structures are supported by the existence of, mainly, homophones and paronyms, graphic marks and, less frequently, by slight spelling changes, e.g. Q: What do you give a skeleton for Valentine’s Day? A: Bone-bones in a heart-shaped box.
10
01
JB code
p2.2
Section header
11
01
2.2. TV genres
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.08gro
147
175
29
Article
12
01
How do French humorists adapt across situations?
A corpus study of their prosodic and (dis)fluency profiles
1
A01
Iulia Grosman
Grosman, Iulia
Iulia
Grosman
The VALIBEL Research Centre, Institute for Language and Communication (IL&C), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
20
corpus linguistics
20
disfluencies
20
French
20
humorists' speech
20
prosody
20
register and style variation
01
The paradigm of humor studies has deemed prosody (<i>rhythm and intonation</i>) and (dis)fluencies (<i>discourse markers, filled and unfilled pauses, repetitions,</i> etc.) as relevant cues in conversational humor for expression of sarcasm and irony. However, they also make valuable (interactive) devices for discourse planning and structure since they carry both semantic and pragmatic information. After a summary on the study of humorists’ speech and its meta-pragmatic implications (Sections 1 & 2), a two-fold corpus-based analysis offers results on 8 humorists’ speech variations across 4 situations (<i>theatre and radio sketches, radio and face-to-face interviews</i>) and their relevant contextual features. Firstly on the continuum from hypo- to hyper-articulation (Lindblom, 1990), temporal and melodic variations reveal which discourse adaptation is motivated by a specific pragmatic determiner. Secondly, (dis)fluencies’ distribution within speakers and across situations reveal the importance of the individual’s <i>Speaker Dis/Fluency Profile (SDFP)</i>. Discussion shall focus on the study’s contribution to humorists’ <i>phonostyles</i> and persona, as well as on the implication of native language SDFP for assessment of non-native speakers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.09ste
177
189
13
Article
13
01
Truthiness and consequences
A cognitive pragmatic analysis of Stephen Colbert’s satirical strategies and effects
1
A01
Craig O. Stewart
Stewart, Craig O.
Craig O.
Stewart
Department of Communication, University of Memphis
20
discourse analysis
20
humor
20
irony
20
pragmatics
20
satire
20
Stephen Colbert
01
Using a discourse perspective on the production and reception of satire, this paper comparatively examines the different satirical goals and audiences of Stephen Colbert’s ironic satire on <i>The Colbert Report</i> (<i>TCR</i>) and at the 2006 White House Correspondents’ Dinner (WHCD). While some research suggests at least some viewers of <i>TCR</i> did not perceive it to be ironic satire, Colbert’s WHCD speech successfully and unambiguously achieved its satirical goals. The analysis shows that one possible explanation for the success of the speech, as opposed to the ambiguity of <i>The Colbert Report</i>, is that the speech’s structure facilitated both the immediate audience’s and potential mediated referee’s cognitive processing of satirical communication as described in Simpson’s (2003) discourse model of satire.
10
01
JB code
p2.3
Section header
14
01
2.3. Conversation
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.10alv
193
214
22
Article
15
01
Variability, adaptability and negotiability in conversational humor
A matter of gender
1
A01
M. Belén Alvarado Ortega
Alvarado Ortega, M. Belén
M. Belén
Alvarado Ortega
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
adaptability
20
conversational strategies
20
image
20
negotiability
20
variability
01
The present study has as its aim to analyze conversational utterances containing humor produced by men and women from the pragmatic perspective of Verschueren (2002), ultimately seeking to check whether discrepancies exist between the respective strategies that they use. In most cases, the interlocutors utilize different linguistic procedures to adapt their utterance – or not – to the humorous mode, by means of various conversational strategies that will depend both on gender and on the contextual situation. It all is determined by the nature of the corpus gathered as well as by the concepts of <i>variability, adaptability</i> and <i>negotiability</i> described by Verschueren (1999, 2002). Briz and the Val.Es.Co. Group’s <i>Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales</i> [Corpus of Colloquial Conversations], which is currently going through a digitization process, was used to achieve our aims. The analysis showed us that, when humor appears, each gender’s identity is defined through different strategies and procedures to adapt to the context.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.11pri
215
233
19
Article
16
01
Teasing in casual conversations
An opportunistic discursive strategy
1
A01
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
Priego-Valverde, Béatrice
Béatrice
Priego-Valverde
Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix en Provence, France
20
“linguistic pinning”
20
casual conversation
20
conversational humor
20
teasing
01
In order to study teasing in casual conversations, I will focus the present work on a specific humorous device that frequently occurs in casual conversations: “linguistic pinning” (Traverso, 1999) described as a verbatim repetition of a word or expression said by the hearer to create humor. Teasing, as many other forms of conversational humor in a broad sense, is thus seen as a rebound on, at least, the prior turn. Consequently, the humorous speaker will be depicted as both a participant able to adapt her/himself to the context (discursive and more generally, relational) and an opportunist, watching out for the possibility of producing humor.
<br />After a description of the forms and function of linguistic pinning and after a comparison to other related phenomena (repetition and punning), I will analyze seven examples of pinning to show its discursive functioning and some reactions it triggers.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.12gir
235
254
20
Article
17
01
Smiling, gaze, and humor in conversation
A pilot study
1
A01
Elisa Gironzetti
Gironzetti, Elisa
Elisa
Gironzetti
Texas A&M University x Commerce, Applied Linguistics Laboratory
2
A01
Salvatore Attardo
Attardo, Salvatore
Salvatore
Attardo
3
A01
Lucy Pickering
Pickering, Lucy
Lucy
Pickering
20
discourse analysis
20
eye-tracking
20
gaze
20
humor markers
20
smiling
01
This paper presents a pilot study, which is part of a larger research project intended to shed light on the role of smiling as a marker of humor in naturalistic conversation. Building on previous research (Attardo, Pickering, and Baker 2011; Calvo, Fernández-Martín, and Nummenmaa 2013; Calvo, Gutiérrez-García, Avero, and Lundqvist 2013; Heerey and Crossley 2013), a mixed methods approach was adopted to collect qualitative and quantitative data in order to determine if there is a relationship between gaze patterns, humorous events, and the smiling behavior of native English speakers taking part in a dyadic face-to-face conversation. Preliminary results show that occurrence of humor and increased participants’ attention to the mouth and eyes areas of the interlocutor’s face tend to co-occur.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.p3
Section header
18
01
Part 3. Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.13hoi
257
272
16
Article
19
01
Understanding of humorous intentions
A developmental approach
1
A01
Elena Hoicka
Hoicka, Elena
Elena
Hoicka
University of Sheffield
20
development
20
humor
20
intention
20
joke
20
social cognition
01
This paper demonstrates that children understand humor from an intentional perspective as young as 2 years. This is interesting from two vantage points. First, the research shows that children understand both humor and intentions separately before understanding humorous intentions, suggesting these two concepts are dissociable. However, the research presented suggests that understanding humorous intentions could be a gateway to understanding intentions in complex ways. Humor is the first type of non-literal communication that children understand from an intentional viewpoint, compared to pretending, lying, metaphor, and irony. Understanding humorous intentions may thus allow children to identify and practice understanding others’ mental states in increasingly complex ways.
10
01
JB code
ivitra.14.14tim
273
298
26
Article
20
01
Children using phraseology for humorous purposes
The case of 9-to-10-year-olds
1
A01
Larissa Timofeeva-Timofeev
Timofeeva-Timofeev, Larissa
Larissa
Timofeeva-Timofeev
University of Alicante, GRIALE Research Group
20
children's language
20
humor
20
metapragmatic ability
20
phraseology
01
This paper analyzes the use of phraseological procedures for humorous purposes in 9-to-10-year-olds’ written production with regard to their metapragmatic development. 148 humorous stories written by 4th grade Primary School children from 5 schools located in the province of Alicante (Spain) were quantitatively and qualitatively processed. The analysis revealed that children belonging to the age group examined use phraseology for humor in a mainly epipragmatic way, although evidence of metapragmatic reflection exists as well. Phrasal compounds and idioms present similar use rates, which refutes the initial hypothesis according to which transparent phrasal compounds are preferred over more opaque idioms. The unexpected outcome of the study was the use – though scarce – of manipulated phraseological units, since this procedure implies a high metapragmatic competence.
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