951030581 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IVITRA 46 Eb 15 9789027244352 06 10.1075/ivitra.46 13 2025034508 DG 002 02 01 IVITRA 02 2211-5412 IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 46 01 ivitra.46 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ivitra.46 1 B01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique University of Alicante 2 B01 Jordi M. Antolí Martínez Antolí Martínez, Jordi M. Jordi M. Antolí Martínez University of Alicante 01 eng 368 xix 348 LAN009060 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume deals with the relations between grammar and interaction from different perspectives, with the aim of unraveling the way in which a language — through the different forms of discourse from which it emerges — reflects certain social and community-based schemas; that is, how language originates within the space shared by the speaker and the addressee(s). The first part (“Grammar and Interaction”) concerns how interaction may intervene in grammar; the second part (“The Grammar of Interaction”) approaches both notions and linguistic structures which are anchored in interaction while revolving around epistemicity, evidentiality and modality. The third part (“Interaction as a Model for Discourse”) concerns how certain constructions emerge from interaction and are further used to model discourse. Finally, the fourth and last part of the book (“Interaction as a Driver for Change”) focuses on how interaction may help to delimit linguistic categories. 46 01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 47 Open access -- this title is available under a CC BY-NC-ND license. For full details, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ivitra.46.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027228604.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027228604.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ivitra.46.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ivitra.46.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ivitra.46.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ivitra.46.hb.png 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages 1 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 2 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.preface vii xx 14 Preface 3 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique 2 A01 Jordi M. Antolí Martínez Antolí Martínez, Jordi M. Jordi M. Antolí Martínez 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p1 1 1 Section header 4 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.01mal 2 37 36 Chapter 5 1 A01 Ricardo Maldonado Maldonado, Ricardo Ricardo Maldonado Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 20 conflictive discourse 20 middle 20 passive 20 se constructions 01 This paper elaborates on the problem of shielding in interactive discourse. It attempts to explore specific syntactic constructions responding to particular communicative requirements in conflictive discourse. The discourse of couples in therapy is analyzed to identify how grammatical phenomena adjust to communicative situations, i.e., how grammatical cues change as the interaction evolves in couple therapy sessions. The paper explores the competition between impersonal and middle constructions as two polar points reflecting the proximity versus the distance sustained among interlocutors in dealing with conflict. The baseline is that distanced couples accessing therapy need to find ways to re-connect. While problematic issues need to be addressed, they need to be exposed in a way that does not increase the gap between participants. Mitigators are crucial in therapy since couple members are always ready to avoid addressing painful issues in everyday life. While impersonal constructions operate as good mitigators, middle constructions impose the opposite effects. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.02del 38 74 37 Chapter 6 1 A01 Nicole Delbecque Delbecque, Nicole Nicole Delbecque University of Leuven 20 epistemic dative 20 evidentiality 20 Spanish 20 stance 01 The Epistemic Dative Construction is the non-causative modal variant of the Possessive Dative Construction. In the intra-clausal Possessor-Possessee relation, the Dative Clitic designates the Possessor, as Co-Dative compatible with all the other Dative functions. With transitive predicates, the Clitic (N₂) functions as reference point for the Direct Object (N₁), conceived as Possessee. The latter denotes the property or quality which, from the perspective of the conceptualizing Subject (N₀) — the evidential source —, stands out in the Dative participant’s domain (N₂), treated as object of thought. The verbal predicate specifies the modal-evidential nature of the appraisal. The judgment’s relative reliability further hinges on the Subject’s commitment and diagnostic competence, the tangibility or verifiability of the N₁ entity, the expectation patterns associated with the Dative participant’s profile, and other modal markers. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.03dol 75 95 21 Chapter 7 1 A01 Nicolau A. Dols Salas Dols Salas, Nicolau A. Nicolau A. Dols Salas Universitat de les Illes Balears 20 Balearic Catalan 20 sound inventory 20 speaker-listener negotiation 20 structure repair 01 The interaction of different parts of the grammar can lead to malformations. This is often the case in the phonological string due to morphological operations. In such cases ill-formed structures can be amended by deletion, epenthesis or feature-changing processes. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the role of the listener in limiting or promoting this type of processes. Blocking the morphological operations for the sake of phonological integrity would result in missing information, while totally preserving morphological information in the way it is initially added to the phonological string would make pronunciation difficult when not totally impossible. <br />After a general overview of the concept of structure repair, I concentrate on the negotiations between speaker and listener both on setting the sound inventory and on determining the scope of structure repairs. The inventory of nasal consonants in Catalan, and three cases of phonology-morphology interaction in Majorcan Catalan will be analysed, showing how preserving morphological information serves the interests of the listener, and how morphological synthesis can be a bartering strategy when negotiating the exchange of meaning. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p2 97 1 Section header 8 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.04bos 98 131 34 Chapter 9 1 A01 Marie Boscaro Boscaro, Marie Marie Boscaro Institut Jean Nicod CNRS 2 A01 Anastasia Giannakidou Giannakidou, Anastasia Anastasia Giannakidou University of Chicago 3 A01 Alda Mari Mari, Alda Alda Mari Institut Jean Nicod CNRS 20 assertion 20 evidence 20 social networks 20 speech acts 20 trustworthiness 01 This paper provides a first analysis of the relationship between evidentiality and the speaker’s veridical commitment (Giannakidou and Mari 2021c) in social networks. Our corpus study highlights that speakers ground their assertive statements in various types of evidence, including indirect evidence (Willett 1988). Our statistical results indeed indicate a strong correlation between Reported evidence and bare Assertions, suggesting that speakers often rely on reported information while still expressing a strong veridical commitment. We demonstrated that this should not be interpreted as a non-cooperative linguistic behavior, even if indirect evidence is typically considered inadequate for a strong veridical commitment. We argued that this perspective is too restrictive and that evidence type should be decoupled from reliability. We propose that the perceived adequacy of an evidence type stems from a subjective evaluation of trustworthiness of the speaker of both the evidence and the propositional content it conveys. This evaluation is shaped by the speaker’s informational basis, which includes subjective preferences, prior beliefs, background assumptions and biases, as well as external knowledge about the world. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.05del 132 149 18 Chapter 10 1 A01 Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 20 discourse specialization 20 epistemic stance 20 interaction 20 mirative stance 20 quotatives 01 Recent studies on quotatives have shown that they can become stance markers. In the case of English, it has been recognized that speakers index their relationship and attitude toward quotatives and express the general probability of the occurrence of the quote, as seen with forms <i>be like, go</i> and other quotatives that are used to mark the degree of hypotheticality (Buchstaller 2001). Recent data from young Mexican speakers revealed that novel quotatives can be used to share subjective states of the speaker. In this chapter, we show that new and old quotatives in Mexican Spanish are undergoing a discourse specialization process. Following the epistemic continuum proposed by Buchstaller (2001), we suggest that Spanish quotatives have taken on novel functions related to epistemic and mirative stances. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.06cas 150 179 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Elena Castroviejo Miró Castroviejo Miró, Elena Elena Castroviejo Miró Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea 2 A01 Laia Mayol Mayol, Laia Laia Mayol Universitat Pompeu Fabra 20 assertion 20 commitments 20 confirmationals 20 question 20 tags 01 The purpose of this work is to characterize the Catalan interrogative tag <i>eh?</i>, which has two fundamental pragmatic meanings. In one (<i>eh1?</i>), the speaker asks the addressee to reveal a private commitment <i>p</i>, corresponding to the denotation of the sentence anchor; in the other (<i>eh2?</i>), the speaker reinforces a conversational implicature associated with the uttered speech act. In the case of an assertion, <i>eh2?</i> prompts the addressee to believe that <i>p</i> is true. After the core analysis, we present a corpus study that compares how the discourse continues after a tag-containing utterance, showing that <i>eh1?</i> engages the addressee more than <i>eh2?</i>. Finally, we extend our proposal to include other speech acts, thus accounting for the divide between <i>eh1?</i> and <i>eh2?</i> concerning their possible sentence anchors. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.07rod 180 210 31 Chapter 12 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique Universidad de Alicante 20 (counter-)argumentation 20 (inter)subjectivity 20 (pseudo-)clefts 20 identifying structures 20 Spanish neuter demonstrative 01 The aim of this paper is to examine the Spanish construction <i>es eso</i> — literally ‘(It) is that’, which means ‘I agree with you’. Based on the dataset extracted from an interactional, audiovisual corpus (GestINF), <i>es eso</i> emerges as an intersubjective structure — as outlined by both Traugott (2010) and Nuyts (2001, 2012) —, which is used to reinforce a previously activated proposition. In its process of constructionalization from an original identifying / (pseudo-)cleft structure, <i>es eso</i> acquires a (counter-)argumentative function that facilitates the speaker’s alignment with the addressee while distancing from a third part. Overall, <i>es eso</i> transitions from sentence grammar to interaction grammar. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p3 211 1 Section header 13 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.08kon 212 242 31 Chapter 14 1 A01 Christa König König, Christa Christa König University of Frankfurt 2 A01 Bernd Heine Heine, Bernd Bernd Heine University of Köln 20 !Xun 20 argument structure 20 folktale 20 interactive 20 speaker-hearer interaction 01 Over the last decades, the nature of social exchange has become an increasingly popular topic of discourse linguistics. The present paper focuses on one particular aspect of the on-going debate. It is based on the model of interactive grammar (Heine 2023), resting on the comparative analysis of grammatical descriptions of well over one hundred languages. In this model, ten types of interactives, that is, extra-clausal expressions of linguistic discourse, are distinguished. Interactives form a grammatical domain of their own, to be distinguished from that of sentence grammar. <br />Work on interactive grammar has so far largely been restricted to the analysis of conversational interaction. The goal of this paper is to extend the model to the study of narrative texts. To this end, the paper is concerned with a set of 20 fictional spoken narratives in a little-known African language to explore the role that interactives play in them. This language is !Xun (also known as Ju), spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers in Namibia, Angola and Botswana. The paper demonstrates that interactive grammar provides an important tool for processing narrative discourse. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.09rod 243 264 22 Chapter 15 1 A01 Teresa Maria Rodríguez Ramalle Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa Maria Teresa Maria Rodríguez Ramalle Universidad Complutense de Madrid 20 discourse relations 20 evidentiality 20 inference 20 reportative 01 The aim of this paper is to review the connections between paragraphs from a configurational and dynamic approach, following Garrido’s papers (2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2024). Sentences are integrated into larger discursive units giving rise to a hierarchical constituent structure, consisting of its modifiers or satellites and heads (Mann and Thomson 1988). I will focus on the study of evidential expressions and, specifically, on the use of <i>así que</i> and <i>conque</i> as markers that head sentences. The study of these evidential expressions makes it possible to show that indirect evidentiality (inferred and reportative) is relevant in the construction of discourse, and this is possible because of the position they occupy in the text and the configuration they help to create. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.10cel 265 285 21 Chapter 16 1 A01 Agnès Celle Celle, Agnès Agnès Celle Université Paris Cité, ALTAE 20 epistemic authority 20 interaction 20 interactivity 20 monologic discourse 20 questions 01 This chapter aims to show how questions shape interactivity in TED talks, i.e. in a non-dialogical discourse where commitment updates cannot be regulated by turn-taking. It is argued that the interactional contribution of questions is restricted to discourse-management functions. The majority of questions are reported to be unanswered. However, questions are reported to be highly interactive by inferring and anticipating questions that may arise in the audience. We argue that they rely on an assumed knowledge state that they contribute to updating. The behaviour of polar, wh- and verbless questions in TED talks supports the idea that this single-speaker discourse genre is dialogically-motivated. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p4 287 1 Section header 17 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.11mas 288 317 30 Chapter 18 1 A01 Mar Massanell i Messalles Massanell i Messalles, Mar Mar Massanell i Messalles Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 20 Catalan language 20 equality comparatives 20 exclamatory questions 20 indifference expressions 20 tenir-based indifference constructions 01 The Catalan language offers various resources through which speakers can express indifference toward the alternatives presented to them. The most widespread ones, documented in both normative works and descriptive sources, are fixed constructions derived from equality comparatives. These include qualitative comparatives with the adjective <i>igual</i> ‘same’ and quantitative comparatives in which <i>tant</i> ‘as much’ precedes the verb it modifies, typically <i>ésser</i> ‘to be’, <i>fer</i> ‘to do’, or <i>valer</i> ‘to be worth’. However, an examination of the geolinguistic survey <i>Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català</i> (ALDC) and the corpora <i>Corpus Textual Informatitzat de la Llengua Catalana</i> (CTILC) and <i>Corpus Informatitzat del Valencià</i> (CIVAL) reveals lesser-known equivalent expressions, such as those based on the verb <i>tenir</i> ‘to have’. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.12rad 318 343 26 Chapter 19 1 A01 Hans-Ingo Radatz Radatz, Hans-Ingo Hans-Ingo Radatz University of Bamberg 20 construction grammar 20 constructionalisation 20 grammaticalisation 20 imperative 20 neo-imperative 20 Romance subjunctive 01 In the literature concerning the Romance subjunctive, there have always been two camps: One group of linguists sees the subjunctive as a means for expressing a wide array of modal meanings, while the other one sees this modality rather expressed by the context while the subjunctive as such is frequently only a concomitant and automatised feature, increasingly devoid of any meaning in and of itself. A compromise between these two positions might be the observation that there are clear-cut cases of subjunctives chosen over indicatives for semantic reasons, as there are also clear-cut cases of obligatory and therefore semantically empty subjunctives. <br />This state of affairs has been argued to be due to a set of subjunctive constructions at different diachronic stages in an overall process of grammaticalisation (or rather: constructionalisation) which slowly turns an erstwhile meaning-bearing inflection into an element of modal agreement by which subordinate clause verbs agree with the modality / illocution of the main clause. An empirical study of this hypothesis would imply determining the percentages of meaning-bearing freely chooseable subjunctive uses as opposed to those that are simply triggered by some context element (main-clause verb, conjunction etc.) (cf. Radatz 2021). <br />I will argue here that the percentage of meaning-bearing subjunctives tends to be overrated because many imperatives are still considered to be subjunctives on the basis that their morphology coincides with this mood. There are, however, good arguments for analysing the forms in <i>¡Espere aquí! / Preparin els tíquets! / Faça-me um favor!</i> no longer as subjunctives but as full-fledged imperatives — a phenomenon conspicuously absent in languages like French or Occitan. An analysis will be proposed which represents the various uses of Romance subjunctives as a constructional network informed by Traugott / Trousdale (2013), allowing for a direct comparison between the various Romance languages and a visual representation of the various stages of constructionalisation (cf. Radatz 2023). 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.index 345 348 4 Index 20 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20251017 2025 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027228604 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 40 01 533030580 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IVITRA 46 Hb 15 9789027228604 13 2025034507 BB 01 IVITRA 02 2211-5412 IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 46 01 ivitra.46 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ivitra.46 1 B01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique University of Alicante 2 B01 Jordi M. Antolí Martínez Antolí Martínez, Jordi M. Jordi M. Antolí Martínez University of Alicante 01 eng 368 xix 348 LAN009060 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume deals with the relations between grammar and interaction from different perspectives, with the aim of unraveling the way in which a language — through the different forms of discourse from which it emerges — reflects certain social and community-based schemas; that is, how language originates within the space shared by the speaker and the addressee(s). The first part (“Grammar and Interaction”) concerns how interaction may intervene in grammar; the second part (“The Grammar of Interaction”) approaches both notions and linguistic structures which are anchored in interaction while revolving around epistemicity, evidentiality and modality. The third part (“Interaction as a Model for Discourse”) concerns how certain constructions emerge from interaction and are further used to model discourse. Finally, the fourth and last part of the book (“Interaction as a Driver for Change”) focuses on how interaction may help to delimit linguistic categories. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ivitra.46.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027228604.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027228604.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ivitra.46.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ivitra.46.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ivitra.46.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ivitra.46.hb.png 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.prelim i iv 4 Prelim pages 1 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 2 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.preface vii xx 14 Preface 3 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique 2 A01 Jordi M. Antolí Martínez Antolí Martínez, Jordi M. Jordi M. Antolí Martínez 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p1 1 1 Section header 4 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.01mal 2 37 36 Chapter 5 1 A01 Ricardo Maldonado Maldonado, Ricardo Ricardo Maldonado Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 20 conflictive discourse 20 middle 20 passive 20 se constructions 01 This paper elaborates on the problem of shielding in interactive discourse. It attempts to explore specific syntactic constructions responding to particular communicative requirements in conflictive discourse. The discourse of couples in therapy is analyzed to identify how grammatical phenomena adjust to communicative situations, i.e., how grammatical cues change as the interaction evolves in couple therapy sessions. The paper explores the competition between impersonal and middle constructions as two polar points reflecting the proximity versus the distance sustained among interlocutors in dealing with conflict. The baseline is that distanced couples accessing therapy need to find ways to re-connect. While problematic issues need to be addressed, they need to be exposed in a way that does not increase the gap between participants. Mitigators are crucial in therapy since couple members are always ready to avoid addressing painful issues in everyday life. While impersonal constructions operate as good mitigators, middle constructions impose the opposite effects. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.02del 38 74 37 Chapter 6 1 A01 Nicole Delbecque Delbecque, Nicole Nicole Delbecque University of Leuven 20 epistemic dative 20 evidentiality 20 Spanish 20 stance 01 The Epistemic Dative Construction is the non-causative modal variant of the Possessive Dative Construction. In the intra-clausal Possessor-Possessee relation, the Dative Clitic designates the Possessor, as Co-Dative compatible with all the other Dative functions. With transitive predicates, the Clitic (N₂) functions as reference point for the Direct Object (N₁), conceived as Possessee. The latter denotes the property or quality which, from the perspective of the conceptualizing Subject (N₀) — the evidential source —, stands out in the Dative participant’s domain (N₂), treated as object of thought. The verbal predicate specifies the modal-evidential nature of the appraisal. The judgment’s relative reliability further hinges on the Subject’s commitment and diagnostic competence, the tangibility or verifiability of the N₁ entity, the expectation patterns associated with the Dative participant’s profile, and other modal markers. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.03dol 75 95 21 Chapter 7 1 A01 Nicolau A. Dols Salas Dols Salas, Nicolau A. Nicolau A. Dols Salas Universitat de les Illes Balears 20 Balearic Catalan 20 sound inventory 20 speaker-listener negotiation 20 structure repair 01 The interaction of different parts of the grammar can lead to malformations. This is often the case in the phonological string due to morphological operations. In such cases ill-formed structures can be amended by deletion, epenthesis or feature-changing processes. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the role of the listener in limiting or promoting this type of processes. Blocking the morphological operations for the sake of phonological integrity would result in missing information, while totally preserving morphological information in the way it is initially added to the phonological string would make pronunciation difficult when not totally impossible. <br />After a general overview of the concept of structure repair, I concentrate on the negotiations between speaker and listener both on setting the sound inventory and on determining the scope of structure repairs. The inventory of nasal consonants in Catalan, and three cases of phonology-morphology interaction in Majorcan Catalan will be analysed, showing how preserving morphological information serves the interests of the listener, and how morphological synthesis can be a bartering strategy when negotiating the exchange of meaning. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p2 97 1 Section header 8 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.04bos 98 131 34 Chapter 9 1 A01 Marie Boscaro Boscaro, Marie Marie Boscaro Institut Jean Nicod CNRS 2 A01 Anastasia Giannakidou Giannakidou, Anastasia Anastasia Giannakidou University of Chicago 3 A01 Alda Mari Mari, Alda Alda Mari Institut Jean Nicod CNRS 20 assertion 20 evidence 20 social networks 20 speech acts 20 trustworthiness 01 This paper provides a first analysis of the relationship between evidentiality and the speaker’s veridical commitment (Giannakidou and Mari 2021c) in social networks. Our corpus study highlights that speakers ground their assertive statements in various types of evidence, including indirect evidence (Willett 1988). Our statistical results indeed indicate a strong correlation between Reported evidence and bare Assertions, suggesting that speakers often rely on reported information while still expressing a strong veridical commitment. We demonstrated that this should not be interpreted as a non-cooperative linguistic behavior, even if indirect evidence is typically considered inadequate for a strong veridical commitment. We argued that this perspective is too restrictive and that evidence type should be decoupled from reliability. We propose that the perceived adequacy of an evidence type stems from a subjective evaluation of trustworthiness of the speaker of both the evidence and the propositional content it conveys. This evaluation is shaped by the speaker’s informational basis, which includes subjective preferences, prior beliefs, background assumptions and biases, as well as external knowledge about the world. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.05del 132 149 18 Chapter 10 1 A01 Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 20 discourse specialization 20 epistemic stance 20 interaction 20 mirative stance 20 quotatives 01 Recent studies on quotatives have shown that they can become stance markers. In the case of English, it has been recognized that speakers index their relationship and attitude toward quotatives and express the general probability of the occurrence of the quote, as seen with forms <i>be like, go</i> and other quotatives that are used to mark the degree of hypotheticality (Buchstaller 2001). Recent data from young Mexican speakers revealed that novel quotatives can be used to share subjective states of the speaker. In this chapter, we show that new and old quotatives in Mexican Spanish are undergoing a discourse specialization process. Following the epistemic continuum proposed by Buchstaller (2001), we suggest that Spanish quotatives have taken on novel functions related to epistemic and mirative stances. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.06cas 150 179 30 Chapter 11 1 A01 Elena Castroviejo Miró Castroviejo Miró, Elena Elena Castroviejo Miró Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea 2 A01 Laia Mayol Mayol, Laia Laia Mayol Universitat Pompeu Fabra 20 assertion 20 commitments 20 confirmationals 20 question 20 tags 01 The purpose of this work is to characterize the Catalan interrogative tag <i>eh?</i>, which has two fundamental pragmatic meanings. In one (<i>eh1?</i>), the speaker asks the addressee to reveal a private commitment <i>p</i>, corresponding to the denotation of the sentence anchor; in the other (<i>eh2?</i>), the speaker reinforces a conversational implicature associated with the uttered speech act. In the case of an assertion, <i>eh2?</i> prompts the addressee to believe that <i>p</i> is true. After the core analysis, we present a corpus study that compares how the discourse continues after a tag-containing utterance, showing that <i>eh1?</i> engages the addressee more than <i>eh2?</i>. Finally, we extend our proposal to include other speech acts, thus accounting for the divide between <i>eh1?</i> and <i>eh2?</i> concerning their possible sentence anchors. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.07rod 180 210 31 Chapter 12 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique Universidad de Alicante 20 (counter-)argumentation 20 (inter)subjectivity 20 (pseudo-)clefts 20 identifying structures 20 Spanish neuter demonstrative 01 The aim of this paper is to examine the Spanish construction <i>es eso</i> — literally ‘(It) is that’, which means ‘I agree with you’. Based on the dataset extracted from an interactional, audiovisual corpus (GestINF), <i>es eso</i> emerges as an intersubjective structure — as outlined by both Traugott (2010) and Nuyts (2001, 2012) —, which is used to reinforce a previously activated proposition. In its process of constructionalization from an original identifying / (pseudo-)cleft structure, <i>es eso</i> acquires a (counter-)argumentative function that facilitates the speaker’s alignment with the addressee while distancing from a third part. Overall, <i>es eso</i> transitions from sentence grammar to interaction grammar. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p3 211 1 Section header 13 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.08kon 212 242 31 Chapter 14 1 A01 Christa König König, Christa Christa König University of Frankfurt 2 A01 Bernd Heine Heine, Bernd Bernd Heine University of Köln 20 !Xun 20 argument structure 20 folktale 20 interactive 20 speaker-hearer interaction 01 Over the last decades, the nature of social exchange has become an increasingly popular topic of discourse linguistics. The present paper focuses on one particular aspect of the on-going debate. It is based on the model of interactive grammar (Heine 2023), resting on the comparative analysis of grammatical descriptions of well over one hundred languages. In this model, ten types of interactives, that is, extra-clausal expressions of linguistic discourse, are distinguished. Interactives form a grammatical domain of their own, to be distinguished from that of sentence grammar. <br />Work on interactive grammar has so far largely been restricted to the analysis of conversational interaction. The goal of this paper is to extend the model to the study of narrative texts. To this end, the paper is concerned with a set of 20 fictional spoken narratives in a little-known African language to explore the role that interactives play in them. This language is !Xun (also known as Ju), spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers in Namibia, Angola and Botswana. The paper demonstrates that interactive grammar provides an important tool for processing narrative discourse. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.09rod 243 264 22 Chapter 15 1 A01 Teresa Maria Rodríguez Ramalle Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa Maria Teresa Maria Rodríguez Ramalle Universidad Complutense de Madrid 20 discourse relations 20 evidentiality 20 inference 20 reportative 01 The aim of this paper is to review the connections between paragraphs from a configurational and dynamic approach, following Garrido’s papers (2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2024). Sentences are integrated into larger discursive units giving rise to a hierarchical constituent structure, consisting of its modifiers or satellites and heads (Mann and Thomson 1988). I will focus on the study of evidential expressions and, specifically, on the use of <i>así que</i> and <i>conque</i> as markers that head sentences. The study of these evidential expressions makes it possible to show that indirect evidentiality (inferred and reportative) is relevant in the construction of discourse, and this is possible because of the position they occupy in the text and the configuration they help to create. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.10cel 265 285 21 Chapter 16 1 A01 Agnès Celle Celle, Agnès Agnès Celle Université Paris Cité, ALTAE 20 epistemic authority 20 interaction 20 interactivity 20 monologic discourse 20 questions 01 This chapter aims to show how questions shape interactivity in TED talks, i.e. in a non-dialogical discourse where commitment updates cannot be regulated by turn-taking. It is argued that the interactional contribution of questions is restricted to discourse-management functions. The majority of questions are reported to be unanswered. However, questions are reported to be highly interactive by inferring and anticipating questions that may arise in the audience. We argue that they rely on an assumed knowledge state that they contribute to updating. The behaviour of polar, wh- and verbless questions in TED talks supports the idea that this single-speaker discourse genre is dialogically-motivated. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.p4 287 1 Section header 17 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.11mas 288 317 30 Chapter 18 1 A01 Mar Massanell i Messalles Massanell i Messalles, Mar Mar Massanell i Messalles Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 20 Catalan language 20 equality comparatives 20 exclamatory questions 20 indifference expressions 20 tenir-based indifference constructions 01 The Catalan language offers various resources through which speakers can express indifference toward the alternatives presented to them. The most widespread ones, documented in both normative works and descriptive sources, are fixed constructions derived from equality comparatives. These include qualitative comparatives with the adjective <i>igual</i> ‘same’ and quantitative comparatives in which <i>tant</i> ‘as much’ precedes the verb it modifies, typically <i>ésser</i> ‘to be’, <i>fer</i> ‘to do’, or <i>valer</i> ‘to be worth’. However, an examination of the geolinguistic survey <i>Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català</i> (ALDC) and the corpora <i>Corpus Textual Informatitzat de la Llengua Catalana</i> (CTILC) and <i>Corpus Informatitzat del Valencià</i> (CIVAL) reveals lesser-known equivalent expressions, such as those based on the verb <i>tenir</i> ‘to have’. 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.12rad 318 343 26 Chapter 19 1 A01 Hans-Ingo Radatz Radatz, Hans-Ingo Hans-Ingo Radatz University of Bamberg 20 construction grammar 20 constructionalisation 20 grammaticalisation 20 imperative 20 neo-imperative 20 Romance subjunctive 01 In the literature concerning the Romance subjunctive, there have always been two camps: One group of linguists sees the subjunctive as a means for expressing a wide array of modal meanings, while the other one sees this modality rather expressed by the context while the subjunctive as such is frequently only a concomitant and automatised feature, increasingly devoid of any meaning in and of itself. A compromise between these two positions might be the observation that there are clear-cut cases of subjunctives chosen over indicatives for semantic reasons, as there are also clear-cut cases of obligatory and therefore semantically empty subjunctives. <br />This state of affairs has been argued to be due to a set of subjunctive constructions at different diachronic stages in an overall process of grammaticalisation (or rather: constructionalisation) which slowly turns an erstwhile meaning-bearing inflection into an element of modal agreement by which subordinate clause verbs agree with the modality / illocution of the main clause. An empirical study of this hypothesis would imply determining the percentages of meaning-bearing freely chooseable subjunctive uses as opposed to those that are simply triggered by some context element (main-clause verb, conjunction etc.) (cf. Radatz 2021). <br />I will argue here that the percentage of meaning-bearing subjunctives tends to be overrated because many imperatives are still considered to be subjunctives on the basis that their morphology coincides with this mood. There are, however, good arguments for analysing the forms in <i>¡Espere aquí! / Preparin els tíquets! / Faça-me um favor!</i> no longer as subjunctives but as full-fledged imperatives — a phenomenon conspicuously absent in languages like French or Occitan. An analysis will be proposed which represents the various uses of Romance subjunctives as a constructional network informed by Traugott / Trousdale (2013), allowing for a direct comparison between the various Romance languages and a visual representation of the various stages of constructionalisation (cf. Radatz 2023). 10 01 JB code ivitra.46.index 345 348 4 Index 20 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20251017 2025 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 800 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 20 40 18 01 02 JB 1 00 135.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 143.10 EUR R 01 JB 10 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 GB 20 18 02 02 JB 1 00 113.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 Casemate Academic 610-853-9131 610-853-9143 Girard.Kratz@casematepublishers.com 01 https://benjamins.com 02 US CA MX 20 1 18 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 176.00 USD