Article published In:
Journal of Language Aggression and ConflictVol. 7:2 (2019) ► pp.240–268
Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum
Linguistic analysis and automatic detection
This paper presents a study of the (now suspended) online discussion forum Incels.me and its users, involuntary celibates or incels, a virtual community of isolated men without a sexual life, who see women as the cause of their problems and often use the forum for misogynistic hate speech and other forms of incitement. Involuntary celibates have attracted media attention and concern, after a killing spree in April 2018 in Toronto, Canada. The aim of this study is to shed light on the group dynamics of the incel community, by applying mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze how the users of the forum create in-group identity and how they construct major out-groups, particularly women. We investigate the vernacular used by incels, apply automatic profiling techniques to determine who they are, discuss the hate speech posted in the forum, and propose a Deep Learning system that is able to detect instances of misogyny, homophobia, and racism, with approximately 95% accuracy.
Keywords: misogyny, hate speech, social media, forensic linguistics, text analytics, text profiling
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.State-of-the-art
- 3.Methods and materials
- 3.1Aim of the study and research questions
- 3.2Materials
- 3.3Methods
- 4.Text analysis
- 4.1Quantitative analysis
- 4.1.1Keyword analysis
- 4.1.1.1Keywords top 10
- 4.1.1.2Keywords top 100
- 4.1.1.3Keywords top 1,000
- 4.1.1.4Keywords top 2,000
- 4.1.2Word combinations
- 4.1.3Hate speech
- 4.1.1Keyword analysis
- 4.2Qualitative analysis
- 4.2.1Homophobia
- 4.2.2Racism
- 4.2.3Misogyny
- 4.2.4Anti-feminism
- 4.1Quantitative analysis
- 5.Text profiling
- 5.1Quantitative Analysis
- Sentiment Analysis
- Demographic Profiling
- 5.1.1Psychological profiling
- 5.2Qualitative analysis
- 5.2.1Demographic profiling
- Gender
- Age
- Race
- 5.2.2Physical profiling
- 5.2.3Psychological profiling
- Isolation
- Inhibition
- Negativity
- Neglect
- 5.2.4Profile summary
- 5.2.1Demographic profiling
- 5.1Quantitative Analysis
- 6.Relation to violent extremism
- 6.1Group dynamics
- 6.1.1Incitement to violence
- 6.1.2Threatening
- 6.1.3Automatic detection
- 6.1Group dynamics
- 7.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
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Gill, Paul, Zoe Marchment, Sanaz Zolghadriha, Nadine Salman, Bettina Rottweiler, Caitlin Clemmow & Isabelle Van Der Vegt
2020. Advances in Violent Extremist Risk Analysis. In Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization [Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, ], ► pp. 55 ff.
Heritage, Frazer & Veronika Koller
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2020. Sluts and soyboys: MGTOW and the production of misogynistic online harassment. New Media & Society 22:10 ► pp. 1903 ff.
Modha, Sandip, Prasenjit Majumder, Thomas Mandl & Chintak Mandalia
2020. Detecting and visualizing hate speech in social media: A cyber Watchdog for surveillance. Expert Systems with Applications 161 ► pp. 113725 ff.
Mussiraliyeva, Shynar, Milana Bolatbek, Batyrkhan Omarov, Zhanar Medetbek, Gulshat Baispay & Ruslan Ospanov
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Foids are worse than animals. A cognitive linguistics analysis of dehumanizing metaphors in online discourse. Topics in Linguistics 21:2 ► pp. 16 ff.
Prażmo, Ewelina
2022. In dialogue with non-humans or how women are silenced in incels’ discourse. Language and Dialogue 12:3 ► pp. 383 ff.
Prażmo, Ewelina
2024. “All women are like that”: an overview of linguistic deindividualization and dehumanization of women in the incelosphere. Linguistics Vanguard
Sang, Yisi & Jeffrey Stanton
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Witt, Taisto
2020. ‘If i cannot have it, i will do everything i can to destroy it.' the canonization of Elliot Rodger: ‘Incel’ masculinities, secular sainthood, and justifications of ideological violence. Social Identities 26:5 ► pp. 675 ff.
[no author supplied]
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.