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607011299 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LA 209 Eb 15 9789027270825 06 10.1075/la.209 13 2013041404 DG 002 02 01 LA 02 0166-0829 Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 209 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Lexicon–Syntax Interface</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Lexicon–Syntax Interface</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Perspectives from South Asian languages</Subtitle> 01 la.209 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.209 1 B01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi 2 B01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 01 eng 282 vii 275 LAN009000 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GENER Generative linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 The present collection offers fresh perspectives on the lexicon-syntax interface, drawing on novel data from South Asian languages like Bangla, Hindi-Urdu, Kashmiri, Kannada, Malayalam, Manipuri, Punjabi, and Telugu. It covers different phenomena like adjectives, nominal phrases, ditransitives, light verbs, middles, passives, causatives, agreement, and pronominal clitics, while trying to settle the theoretical tensions underlying the interaction of the lexicon with the narrow syntactic component. All the chapters critically survey previous analyses in detail, suggesting how these may or may not be extended to South Asian languages. Novel explanations are proposed, which handle not only the novel data presented here, but also pave alternative ways to look at issues of minimalist architecture. 05 This volume of collected papers focuses on the lexicon-syntax interface of the languages of South Asia, which offer a relatively less explored, but rich and variegated, range of linguistic phenomena. The discussion of data ranges from the Dravidian languages of southern India to Kashmiri in the north, Kutchi Gujarati in the west and Manipuri in the east. The theoretical results that the papers come up with are very important for general linguistic theory and for our evolving understanding of the nature of Language. K A. Jayaseelan, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/la.209.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027255921.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027255921.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/la.209.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/la.209.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/la.209.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/la.209.hb.png 10 01 JB code la.209.001ack vii viii 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgement</TitleText> 10 01 JB code la.209.01int 1 24 24 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The lexicon-syntax interface</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">lexicon-syntax interface</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some issues</Subtitle> 1 A01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Central Institute of Indian Languages 2 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Central Institute of Indian Languages 10 01 JB code la.209.02men 25 52 28 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Property concepts and the apparent lack of adjectives in Dravidian</TitleText> 1 A01 Mythili Menon Menon, Mythili Mythili Menon University of Southern California 20 adjective 20 Dravidian 20 feature sharing 20 nominalization 20 relativization 01 Dravidian lacks an adjective category lexically and neither does it derive one in the syntax. The primary data comes from Malayalam where unlike what previous accounts suggest (Bhat 1994; Amritavalli &#38; Jayaseelan 2003; Jayaseelan 2007), the lexicon comprises of uninflected primitive roots (Marantz 1997; Borer 2003). These roots are property concept roots and they combine with null verbal and nominal heads to derive structures. The syntax derives structures, which in English-type languages would be expressed with an adjective. Relativization and nominalization are the two routes to arrive at meanings expressed by adjectives in other languages. 10 01 JB code la.209.03sye 53 70 18 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Adjective-fronting as evidence for Focus and Topic within the Bangla nominal domain</TitleText> 1 A01 Saurov Syed Syed, Saurov Saurov Syed University of Southern California 20 adjective-fronting 20 Bangla 20 focus 20 syntax 20 topic 01 The goal of this paper is twofold. First it talks about the syntax of adjectives in Bangla, and argues in favor of the idea that there is a fixed hierarchy of functional projections where Adjective phrases are manifest as specifiers. It takes the stance that the adjectives are part of the lexicon; they are taken from the lexicon during a computation, and mapped into the syntax, forming an AdjectivePhrase (AdjP). Secondly, the paper argues for Focus and Topic phrases within the nominal domain, thus extending Rizzi’s original proposal of a split CP to DPs (cf. Rizzi 1997). Specifically the paper uses evidence from adjective fronting to claim that there is a fixed FocP immediately above the DP in Bangla, and at least one TopP above the FocP. The constituent bearing such a topic/focus feature needs to move up in a local checking configuration with the relevant functional head that has the matching feature, thus explaining the attested adjective-fronting. 10 01 JB code la.209.04amr 71 100 30 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Rich results</TitleText> 1 A01 R. Amritavalli Amritavalli, R. R. Amritavalli The English & Foreign Languages University 20 dative of possession 20 event structure 20 experiencer 20 stativity 20 telicity 01 The first-phase event structure of two verbs typical of the Kannada dative experiencer construction, <i>bar</i>- ‘come’ and <i>aag</i>- ‘happen, become,’ suggests (differently from Ramchand 2008) that stative verbs may project “rich” results and “poor” processes. The properties of <i>bar</i>- are explored vis-à-vis English ‘come.’ <i>Bar</i>- and <i>aag</i>- allow telicity by “classifying events that are themselves already results” (Higginbotham 1999). The result event is a small clause with experiencer and experience in a possession relation, as in the English double object construction; with the difference that Kannada encodes possession with dative case, whereas possessional <i>to</i> in English incorporates into <i>be</i> to yield <i>have</i> (Kayne 1993 [2000]). The dative argument occupies the resultee position; arguments in higher event structure positions (<sc>undergoer or initiator</sc>) are nominative in Kannada. 10 01 JB code la.209.05bal 101 126 26 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical semantics of transitivizer light verbs in Telugu</TitleText> 1 A01 Rahul Balusu Balusu, Rahul Rahul Balusu EFL University, Hyderabad 20 argument structure 20 complex predicates 20 Dravidian 20 first phase syntax 20 inceptual meaning 01 This chapter examines the kind of meanings that are uniformly present in constructions involving a certain variety of light verbs in Telugu – transitivizer light verbs. The meanings that are inalienably constant in both the verbal and the nominal complex predicates that these light verbs form are the inceptual meanings- emphasizing inception or beginning, continuation or progression, and completion or end-point. These meanings can be directly linked, and are further evidence for the structural decomposition of the verbal domain into 3 subparts or projections (First Phase Syntax, Ramchand 2008) – <i>initP</i> (introduces causation), <i>procP</i> (specifies the process), and <i>resP</i> (gives the result state). The semantics of this structure is what I claim gives rise to the inceptual meanings. 10 01 JB code la.209.06mal 127 148 22 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Ditransitive structures in Hindi/Urdu</TitleText> 1 A01 Shiti Malhotra Malhotra, Shiti Shiti Malhotra Northeastern University 20 ditransitives 20 hierarchical relation 20 Hindi/Urdu 20 thematic structure 20 VP-structure 01 This chapter makes the following two language specific claims; (a) Hindi/Urdu involves two types of ditransitive constructions, corresponding to the prepositional dative constructions and the double object constructions as in languages like English, and (b) the two constructions are not derivationally connected, and are a result of two distinct ditransitive verbs in Hindi/Urdu, namely the “send” type verbs and the “show” type verbs. The two types of verbs have different argument structures and as a consequence two different verb phrase structures. The difference between the two types of verbs however doesn’t get reflected in the word – order in Hindi/Urdu because of the feature-driven movement of the objects to the edge of the vP. 10 01 JB code la.209.07sri 149 170 22 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Is Kashmiri passive really a passive&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 2 A01 Shahid Bhat Bhat, Shahid Shahid Bhat Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 20 demotion 20 detransitivization 20 passivization 20 promotion 20 underlying subject 01 The present paper explores passives in Kashmiri, a Northwestern Dardic language of the Indo-Aryan family. Though Kashmiri has some special features like V-2 phenomenon, pronominal clitics etc. it has an analytic passive construction like its Indo-Aryan counterparts. The internal argument surfaces as the subject of the passive, where the participial/infinitival verbal form -<i>nI</i> is added to the verb root followed by a periphrastic auxiliary <i>yun</i> ‘to come’ in perfective form. The agent of the action is in the form of <i>athi</i> or <i>zaryi</i> (<i>by</i>/<i>through</i>) and is preferably omitted. This optionality casts a doubt on its status – whether it is an adjunct or an argument. The promotion of the internal argument to the subject position is another key issue. The present paper investigates the above issues and claims that the Kashmiri passive construction is also a kind of ACTIVE-Passive and not really passive as in English. It is argued that in Kashmiri passives, the underlying subject remains an active subject and the underlying object does not become the surface subject. To prove this claim, some tests based on anaphora binding, pronominal co-reference, control, etc. are applied. 10 01 JB code la.209.08cha 171 196 26 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Middles in the syntax</TitleText> 1 A01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 20 Aspect 20 Middles 20 Passives 20 Two-modular Approach 20 Voice 01 It is well-known that while some languages mark middles and passives similarly, some others mark them differently. Researchers opine that this difference may ensue from the loci of middle generation; they can be generated either in the lexicon or in the syntax. I present some problems with the two-modular approach and propose a syntactic analysis for all middles, with the differences emanating from the choice of the non-active voice head. Languages like Hindi-Urdu which choose a middle non-active voice head fail to project a higher aspectual head hosting an external argument. The truncated structure makes the middles different from passives, in both morphological form and syntactic behavior. 10 01 JB code la.209.09sri 197 216 20 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Not so high</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of causee in South Asian Languages (Hindi, Kashmiri, Punjabi &#38; Manipuri)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 20 ?P-external 20 Argument/Adjunct 20 Causative alternation 20 Voice 01 The status of the causee argument in Hindi and other South Asian Languages has been contentious in recent literature as it takes instrumental/ablatice Case marker and hence, seems comparable to an instrumental/ablative adjunct (-<i>se</i> in Hindi, <i>athi </i>in Kashmiri, <i>tõ: </i>in Punjabi, and -<i>n&#8706;</i> in Manipuri). The question is whether the instrumental/ablative Case marker appearing on the causee and on an instrumental adjunct should only receive an analysis of accidental homophony or a more principled analysis between the two is possible? The paper here argues that such an analysis is certainly possible. The instrumental/ablative is an adjunct and in causatives, the causee argument is merged to the Voice head as its specifier (the position involving <i>-se/athi/tõ:/n&#8706;</i> being valued as a <i>structural,</i> rather than a lexical, Case). It is further argued that though, this position is &#965;P-external, i.e. ‘high’ but not ‘high’ enough to count as the subject. 10 01 JB code la.209.10gro 217 244 28 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Agreement and verb types in Kutchi Gujarati</TitleText> 1 A01 Patrick G. Grosz Grosz, Patrick G. Patrick G. Grosz Universität Tübingen 2 A01 Pritty Patel-Grosz Patel-Grosz, Pritty Pritty Patel-Grosz Universität Tübingen 20 future perfect 20 Gujarati 20 Marwari 20 modals 20 psych predicates 20 split-ergativity 01 This paper explores the &#966;-agreement system in Kutchi Gujarati, focusing on canonical transitive cases and on non-canonical cases involving psych predicates and modal auxiliaries. Based on the agreement pattern in the future perfect, we argue that &#966;-agreement in Kutchi Gujarati involves two agreement probes, a higher (number/person) probe in <i>T</i>, and a lower (gender/number) probe in the <i>v/Asp</i> area. After showing how such a system derives the split-ergative agreement pattern in canonical transitive constructions (Section 2), we extend our analysis to other types of verbs, specifically to psych predicates (such as <i>gam </i>‘like’) and to constructions that involve modal auxiliaries (such as <i>par </i>‘have to’), both of which require a dative-marked subject (Section 3). 10 01 JB code la.209.11man 245 270 26 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Markedness and syncretism in Kashmiri differential argument encoding</TitleText> 1 A01 Emily Manetta Manetta, Emily Emily Manetta University of Vermont 20 clitics 20 Differential Argument encoding 20 Distributed Morphology 20 Kashmiri 20 syncretisms 01 The pronominal clitic system in Kashmiri takes the form of set of verbal suffixes conditioned by the case of the coreferent DP. This system interacts in unexpected ways with differential argument encoding (DAE) in Kashmiri, in which the case-marking of objects in non-perfective aspects is dependent on a person hierarchy. I will follow in spirit Aissen’s (2003) approach to DAE as adapted to Kashmiri in Sharma (2001), however I will argue that the particulars of the Kashmiri clitic system force us to adopt an account couched not in the syntax, but in the post-syntactic component of the grammar. Keine and Müller (2008) propose that DAE is a phenomenon of the morphology-syntax interface, employing harmonic alignment of scales within framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle &#38; Marantz 1993, 1994). I argue here that an otherwise mysterious set of clitic syncretisms in Kashmiri, including the overlap in the marking of ergative subjects and accusative objects, find explanation if we consider Kashmiri DAE not as an instance of differential marking in the narrow syntax, but instead as a as a non-zero/non-zero alternation resulting from the interaction of morphological processes and a system of optimization at the morphology-syntax interface. 10 01 JB code la.209.12aut 271 274 4 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code la.209.13sub 275 276 2 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20140325 2014 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027255921 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 95.00 EUR R 01 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 143.00 USD S 42011298 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LA 209 Hb 15 9789027255921 13 2013041404 BB 01 LA 02 0166-0829 Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 209 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The Lexicon–Syntax Interface</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">Lexicon–Syntax Interface</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Perspectives from South Asian languages</Subtitle> 01 la.209 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.209 1 B01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi 2 B01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 01 eng 282 vii 275 LAN009000 v.2006 CFK 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.GENER Generative linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 The present collection offers fresh perspectives on the lexicon-syntax interface, drawing on novel data from South Asian languages like Bangla, Hindi-Urdu, Kashmiri, Kannada, Malayalam, Manipuri, Punjabi, and Telugu. It covers different phenomena like adjectives, nominal phrases, ditransitives, light verbs, middles, passives, causatives, agreement, and pronominal clitics, while trying to settle the theoretical tensions underlying the interaction of the lexicon with the narrow syntactic component. All the chapters critically survey previous analyses in detail, suggesting how these may or may not be extended to South Asian languages. Novel explanations are proposed, which handle not only the novel data presented here, but also pave alternative ways to look at issues of minimalist architecture. 05 This volume of collected papers focuses on the lexicon-syntax interface of the languages of South Asia, which offer a relatively less explored, but rich and variegated, range of linguistic phenomena. The discussion of data ranges from the Dravidian languages of southern India to Kashmiri in the north, Kutchi Gujarati in the west and Manipuri in the east. The theoretical results that the papers come up with are very important for general linguistic theory and for our evolving understanding of the nature of Language. K A. Jayaseelan, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/la.209.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027255921.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027255921.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/la.209.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/la.209.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/la.209.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/la.209.hb.png 10 01 JB code la.209.001ack vii viii 2 Article 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Acknowledgement</TitleText> 10 01 JB code la.209.01int 1 24 24 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The lexicon-syntax interface</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">lexicon-syntax interface</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some issues</Subtitle> 1 A01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Central Institute of Indian Languages 2 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Central Institute of Indian Languages 10 01 JB code la.209.02men 25 52 28 Article 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Property concepts and the apparent lack of adjectives in Dravidian</TitleText> 1 A01 Mythili Menon Menon, Mythili Mythili Menon University of Southern California 20 adjective 20 Dravidian 20 feature sharing 20 nominalization 20 relativization 01 Dravidian lacks an adjective category lexically and neither does it derive one in the syntax. The primary data comes from Malayalam where unlike what previous accounts suggest (Bhat 1994; Amritavalli &#38; Jayaseelan 2003; Jayaseelan 2007), the lexicon comprises of uninflected primitive roots (Marantz 1997; Borer 2003). These roots are property concept roots and they combine with null verbal and nominal heads to derive structures. The syntax derives structures, which in English-type languages would be expressed with an adjective. Relativization and nominalization are the two routes to arrive at meanings expressed by adjectives in other languages. 10 01 JB code la.209.03sye 53 70 18 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Adjective-fronting as evidence for Focus and Topic within the Bangla nominal domain</TitleText> 1 A01 Saurov Syed Syed, Saurov Saurov Syed University of Southern California 20 adjective-fronting 20 Bangla 20 focus 20 syntax 20 topic 01 The goal of this paper is twofold. First it talks about the syntax of adjectives in Bangla, and argues in favor of the idea that there is a fixed hierarchy of functional projections where Adjective phrases are manifest as specifiers. It takes the stance that the adjectives are part of the lexicon; they are taken from the lexicon during a computation, and mapped into the syntax, forming an AdjectivePhrase (AdjP). Secondly, the paper argues for Focus and Topic phrases within the nominal domain, thus extending Rizzi’s original proposal of a split CP to DPs (cf. Rizzi 1997). Specifically the paper uses evidence from adjective fronting to claim that there is a fixed FocP immediately above the DP in Bangla, and at least one TopP above the FocP. The constituent bearing such a topic/focus feature needs to move up in a local checking configuration with the relevant functional head that has the matching feature, thus explaining the attested adjective-fronting. 10 01 JB code la.209.04amr 71 100 30 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Rich results</TitleText> 1 A01 R. Amritavalli Amritavalli, R. R. Amritavalli The English & Foreign Languages University 20 dative of possession 20 event structure 20 experiencer 20 stativity 20 telicity 01 The first-phase event structure of two verbs typical of the Kannada dative experiencer construction, <i>bar</i>- ‘come’ and <i>aag</i>- ‘happen, become,’ suggests (differently from Ramchand 2008) that stative verbs may project “rich” results and “poor” processes. The properties of <i>bar</i>- are explored vis-à-vis English ‘come.’ <i>Bar</i>- and <i>aag</i>- allow telicity by “classifying events that are themselves already results” (Higginbotham 1999). The result event is a small clause with experiencer and experience in a possession relation, as in the English double object construction; with the difference that Kannada encodes possession with dative case, whereas possessional <i>to</i> in English incorporates into <i>be</i> to yield <i>have</i> (Kayne 1993 [2000]). The dative argument occupies the resultee position; arguments in higher event structure positions (<sc>undergoer or initiator</sc>) are nominative in Kannada. 10 01 JB code la.209.05bal 101 126 26 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Lexical semantics of transitivizer light verbs in Telugu</TitleText> 1 A01 Rahul Balusu Balusu, Rahul Rahul Balusu EFL University, Hyderabad 20 argument structure 20 complex predicates 20 Dravidian 20 first phase syntax 20 inceptual meaning 01 This chapter examines the kind of meanings that are uniformly present in constructions involving a certain variety of light verbs in Telugu – transitivizer light verbs. The meanings that are inalienably constant in both the verbal and the nominal complex predicates that these light verbs form are the inceptual meanings- emphasizing inception or beginning, continuation or progression, and completion or end-point. These meanings can be directly linked, and are further evidence for the structural decomposition of the verbal domain into 3 subparts or projections (First Phase Syntax, Ramchand 2008) – <i>initP</i> (introduces causation), <i>procP</i> (specifies the process), and <i>resP</i> (gives the result state). The semantics of this structure is what I claim gives rise to the inceptual meanings. 10 01 JB code la.209.06mal 127 148 22 Article 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Ditransitive structures in Hindi/Urdu</TitleText> 1 A01 Shiti Malhotra Malhotra, Shiti Shiti Malhotra Northeastern University 20 ditransitives 20 hierarchical relation 20 Hindi/Urdu 20 thematic structure 20 VP-structure 01 This chapter makes the following two language specific claims; (a) Hindi/Urdu involves two types of ditransitive constructions, corresponding to the prepositional dative constructions and the double object constructions as in languages like English, and (b) the two constructions are not derivationally connected, and are a result of two distinct ditransitive verbs in Hindi/Urdu, namely the “send” type verbs and the “show” type verbs. The two types of verbs have different argument structures and as a consequence two different verb phrase structures. The difference between the two types of verbs however doesn’t get reflected in the word – order in Hindi/Urdu because of the feature-driven movement of the objects to the edge of the vP. 10 01 JB code la.209.07sri 149 170 22 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Is Kashmiri passive really a passive&#63;</TitleText> 1 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 2 A01 Shahid Bhat Bhat, Shahid Shahid Bhat Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 20 demotion 20 detransitivization 20 passivization 20 promotion 20 underlying subject 01 The present paper explores passives in Kashmiri, a Northwestern Dardic language of the Indo-Aryan family. Though Kashmiri has some special features like V-2 phenomenon, pronominal clitics etc. it has an analytic passive construction like its Indo-Aryan counterparts. The internal argument surfaces as the subject of the passive, where the participial/infinitival verbal form -<i>nI</i> is added to the verb root followed by a periphrastic auxiliary <i>yun</i> ‘to come’ in perfective form. The agent of the action is in the form of <i>athi</i> or <i>zaryi</i> (<i>by</i>/<i>through</i>) and is preferably omitted. This optionality casts a doubt on its status – whether it is an adjunct or an argument. The promotion of the internal argument to the subject position is another key issue. The present paper investigates the above issues and claims that the Kashmiri passive construction is also a kind of ACTIVE-Passive and not really passive as in English. It is argued that in Kashmiri passives, the underlying subject remains an active subject and the underlying object does not become the surface subject. To prove this claim, some tests based on anaphora binding, pronominal co-reference, control, etc. are applied. 10 01 JB code la.209.08cha 171 196 26 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Middles in the syntax</TitleText> 1 A01 Pritha Chandra Chandra, Pritha Pritha Chandra Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 20 Aspect 20 Middles 20 Passives 20 Two-modular Approach 20 Voice 01 It is well-known that while some languages mark middles and passives similarly, some others mark them differently. Researchers opine that this difference may ensue from the loci of middle generation; they can be generated either in the lexicon or in the syntax. I present some problems with the two-modular approach and propose a syntactic analysis for all middles, with the differences emanating from the choice of the non-active voice head. Languages like Hindi-Urdu which choose a middle non-active voice head fail to project a higher aspectual head hosting an external argument. The truncated structure makes the middles different from passives, in both morphological form and syntactic behavior. 10 01 JB code la.209.09sri 197 216 20 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Not so high</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of causee in South Asian Languages (Hindi, Kashmiri, Punjabi &#38; Manipuri)</Subtitle> 1 A01 Richa Srishti Srishti, Richa Richa Srishti Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 20 ?P-external 20 Argument/Adjunct 20 Causative alternation 20 Voice 01 The status of the causee argument in Hindi and other South Asian Languages has been contentious in recent literature as it takes instrumental/ablatice Case marker and hence, seems comparable to an instrumental/ablative adjunct (-<i>se</i> in Hindi, <i>athi </i>in Kashmiri, <i>tõ: </i>in Punjabi, and -<i>n&#8706;</i> in Manipuri). The question is whether the instrumental/ablative Case marker appearing on the causee and on an instrumental adjunct should only receive an analysis of accidental homophony or a more principled analysis between the two is possible? The paper here argues that such an analysis is certainly possible. The instrumental/ablative is an adjunct and in causatives, the causee argument is merged to the Voice head as its specifier (the position involving <i>-se/athi/tõ:/n&#8706;</i> being valued as a <i>structural,</i> rather than a lexical, Case). It is further argued that though, this position is &#965;P-external, i.e. ‘high’ but not ‘high’ enough to count as the subject. 10 01 JB code la.209.10gro 217 244 28 Article 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Agreement and verb types in Kutchi Gujarati</TitleText> 1 A01 Patrick G. Grosz Grosz, Patrick G. Patrick G. Grosz Universität Tübingen 2 A01 Pritty Patel-Grosz Patel-Grosz, Pritty Pritty Patel-Grosz Universität Tübingen 20 future perfect 20 Gujarati 20 Marwari 20 modals 20 psych predicates 20 split-ergativity 01 This paper explores the &#966;-agreement system in Kutchi Gujarati, focusing on canonical transitive cases and on non-canonical cases involving psych predicates and modal auxiliaries. Based on the agreement pattern in the future perfect, we argue that &#966;-agreement in Kutchi Gujarati involves two agreement probes, a higher (number/person) probe in <i>T</i>, and a lower (gender/number) probe in the <i>v/Asp</i> area. After showing how such a system derives the split-ergative agreement pattern in canonical transitive constructions (Section 2), we extend our analysis to other types of verbs, specifically to psych predicates (such as <i>gam </i>‘like’) and to constructions that involve modal auxiliaries (such as <i>par </i>‘have to’), both of which require a dative-marked subject (Section 3). 10 01 JB code la.209.11man 245 270 26 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Markedness and syncretism in Kashmiri differential argument encoding</TitleText> 1 A01 Emily Manetta Manetta, Emily Emily Manetta University of Vermont 20 clitics 20 Differential Argument encoding 20 Distributed Morphology 20 Kashmiri 20 syncretisms 01 The pronominal clitic system in Kashmiri takes the form of set of verbal suffixes conditioned by the case of the coreferent DP. This system interacts in unexpected ways with differential argument encoding (DAE) in Kashmiri, in which the case-marking of objects in non-perfective aspects is dependent on a person hierarchy. I will follow in spirit Aissen’s (2003) approach to DAE as adapted to Kashmiri in Sharma (2001), however I will argue that the particulars of the Kashmiri clitic system force us to adopt an account couched not in the syntax, but in the post-syntactic component of the grammar. Keine and Müller (2008) propose that DAE is a phenomenon of the morphology-syntax interface, employing harmonic alignment of scales within framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle &#38; Marantz 1993, 1994). I argue here that an otherwise mysterious set of clitic syncretisms in Kashmiri, including the overlap in the marking of ergative subjects and accusative objects, find explanation if we consider Kashmiri DAE not as an instance of differential marking in the narrow syntax, but instead as a as a non-zero/non-zero alternation resulting from the interaction of morphological processes and a system of optimization at the morphology-syntax interface. 10 01 JB code la.209.12aut 271 274 4 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Author index</TitleText> 10 01 JB code la.209.13sub 275 276 2 Article 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Subject index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20140325 2014 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 655 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 34 20 01 02 JB 1 00 95.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 100.70 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 143.00 USD