4016718 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LA 241 Eb 15 9789027264923 06 10.1075/la.241 13 2018023644 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code LA 02 0166-0829 02 241.00 01 02 Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2017 01 02 2017 collection (152 titles) 05 02 2017 collection 01 01 Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology 1 B01 01 JB code 217249092 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels University of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217249092 01 eng 11 249 03 03 xii 03 00 237 03 01 23 415 03 2017 P299.M35 04 Markedness (Linguistics) 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Phonology. 10 LAN011000 12 CFH 24 JB code LIN.PHON Phonology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. 03 00 In recent years, an increasing number of linguists have re-examined the question of whether markedness has explanatory power, or whether it is a phenomenon that begs explanation itself. This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. The contributions span a variety of phonological frameworks and relate to morphosyntax, historical linguistics, neurolinguistics, biolinguistics, and language typology. This volume will be of particular interest to phonologists of both synchronic and diachronic persuasions and has strong implications for the architecture of grammar with respect to phonology and its interfaces with morphosyntax and phonetics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/la.241.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027257246.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027257246.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/la.241.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/la.241.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/la.241.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/la.241.hb.png 01 01 JB code la.241.ack 06 10.1075/la.241.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments 01 01 JB code la.241.int 06 10.1075/la.241.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 124309976 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/124309976 01 01 JB code la.241.01odd 06 10.1075/la.241.01odd 1 22 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 391309977 David Odden Odden, David David Odden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391309977 30 00

The true nature of “markedness” in the history of phonology is highly uncertain, in that the term is used to refer to a wide array of facts about language, and there is little agreement over what the term even refers to, much less whether it is a valid concept. This paper reviews certain applications of that concept in phonology, in search of some unity behind “markedness”. I show that “markedness” is about two unrelated things: formal properties of language, and functional probability of occurrence. Much effort has been put into forcing these two conceptions under a single computation umbrella, and that effort bears significant responsibility for the development of substance-dependent theories of grammar. As for whether “markedness” is a worthy topic of investigation, it is argued that the original formal question underlying markedness is still worth scrutiny in the theory of grammar: what is the nature of phonological features?

01 01 JB code la.241.02rei 06 10.1075/la.241.02rei 23 46 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology 01 04 A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ 1 A01 01 JB code 515309978 Charles Reiss Reiss, Charles Charles Reiss Concordia University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/515309978 30 00

Halle’s (1959) argument against a distinction between morphophonemic and phonemic rules can be understood as an argument against the relevance of contrast to phonology. After adducing further arguments against a role for contrast, the paper provides a simple contrast-free analysis of the classic problem of the voicing behavior of Russian /v/. This segment undergoes voicing assimilation (like other obstruents), but does not trigger it (thus acting like the sonorants). In contrast to a long history of treating /v/ as a covert sonorant, the paper attributes the behavior of Russian /v/, which surfaces always as an obstruent, to underspecification with respect to the feature Voice.

01 01 JB code la.241.03ble 06 10.1075/la.241.03ble 47 68 22 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? 1 A01 01 JB code 670309979 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins The Graduate Center, CUNY 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/670309979 30 00

The 21st century has brought major advances in our understanding of sound patterns, their phonetic basis, and their cross-linguistic diversity. Properties that were once thought to be universal, from phonological features to prosodic units like the syllable, have shown themselves to be highly variable across languages, and to sometimes fail at the very specific organizational role they are meant to play within sound systems. The goal of this chapter is to summarize evidence from the diversity of phonological systems that may inform areas of disagreement in modeling phonological grammars, with special attention to the locus of explanation in phonological theory. General arguments against phonological universals and phonological markedness in grammar are presented, including distinctive features, the sonority scale, and the prosodic hierarchy. Arguments for language-specific sound patterns and extra-grammatical explanations are also presented, including rare phoneme inventories, rare phonotactics, and distinct modality-specific properties of spoken versus signed languages.

01 01 JB code la.241.04vau 06 10.1075/la.241.04vau 69 100 32 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 59309980 Bert Vaux Vaux, Bert Bert Vaux Cambridge UniversityUniversity of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/59309980 2 A01 01 JB code 294309981 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels USC 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/294309981 01 01 JB code la.241.05van 06 10.1075/la.241.05van 101 120 20 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. On silent markedness Chapter 5. On silent markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 269309982 Edoardo Cavirani Cavirani, Edoardo Edoardo Cavirani Meertens Instituut 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/269309982 2 A01 01 JB code 514309983 Marc Oostendorp Oostendorp, Marc Marc Oostendorp Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/514309983 30 00

Empty categories – positions in phonological representations that have no direct phonetic counterpart – are (still) controversial in phonological theory. In this paper we give the main arguments for assuming such positions and we furthermore establish a markedness hierarchy for empty positions: some of them are stronger (‘more marked’) than others, and we can derive this from a combination of Element Theory and Turbidity Theory. We illustrate our point with Italian and Dutch dialects, and point out that the phonological hierarchy of empty positions may correspond to a hierarchy of syntactic positions.

01 01 JB code la.241.06nas 06 10.1075/la.241.06nas 121 152 32 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech 1 A01 01 JB code 910309984 Kuniya Nasukawa Nasukawa, Kuniya Kuniya Nasukawa Tohoku Gakuin University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/910309984 30 00

In terms of the roles of heads and dependents, there is a mismatch between phonology and syntax. In phonology, heads are important in both structural and informational terms. In syntax, on the other hand, heads have a different function: syntactic heads, like phonological heads, have an important structural role because they license dependent structure, but unlike phonological heads their informational role is relatively unimportant because they usually bear less linguistic (e.g. lexical) information than dependents. In order to achieve a greater degree of uniformity between phonology and syntax, this chapter proposes a reassessment of the roles of heads and dependents in phonology. Contrary to the widespread view, it is argued that heads in phonology, like those in syntax, are structurally important but lexically unimportant whereas dependents are structurally unimportant but lexically important. This view is supported not only by segmental distribution patterns but also by the size of the modulated carrier signal (rather than by the more standard phonetic measure, the sonority scale).

01 01 JB code la.241.07ulf 06 10.1075/la.241.07ulf 153 190 38 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations 1 A01 01 JB code 760309985 Shanti Ulfsbjorninn Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti Shanti Ulfsbjorninn University of Lyon/ UCL – University of London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/760309985 30 00

As a linguistic concept, markedness is in trouble (Hale & Reiss 2000, 2008; Blevins 2004; Haspelmath 2006; Samuels 2011; Reiss 2017). Accepting many of these criticisms and conclusions, this chapter, nevertheless, claims that there is space for markedness in formal phonology. By examining syllable structure from a highly representational viewpoint, I conclude that ‘markedness by complexity’ does have explanatory value and that markedness is explicable in terms of ‘structural complexity’ and ‘length of description’. The core demonstration is based on Charette’s (1990, 1991, 1992) formal typology of consonant clusters (CCs). These papers contain important implicational universals that Charette relates directly to her representations. My contribution will be to enrich the typology and reorganize those principles and parameters into a decision tree or parameter hierarchy that derives the implicational universals. Moreover, the number of parameter settings (the depth in the parameter hierarchy) increases the markedness of the resultant grammar. Crucially, each parametric ‘yes’ setting corresponds to an extra empty phonological category or extra ability to license, or reflects the distance between heads and dependents in the representation. For this reason, markedness is not merely a ‘metaphor’ ‘for a cognitive state’ (Haspelmath 2006), it is directly convertible into linguistic categories. This markedness is not part of the online computation of forms (contra Optimality Theory) and markedness statements cannot be re-ranked to obtain different grammars. However, markedness is one step in the chain of explanation for: (a) the apparent step-wise variation of complexity and implicational universals of consonant clusters, (b) the Trubetzkoy hypothesis.

01 01 JB code la.241.08sch 06 10.1075/la.241.08sch 191 218 28 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? 1 A01 01 JB code 721309986 Mathias Scharinger Scharinger, Mathias Mathias Scharinger Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/721309986 30 00

Pursuing the question of whether there are brain bases for phonological markedness necessitates an empirical and testable approach. This approach – put forward in this chapter – is couched in a theory of phonological feature specification and tested with brain imaging methods, with an emphasis on electrophysiology, encompassing electro- and magnetoencephalographic experiments. After sketching the theoretical background and introducing the basics of the reported brain measures, the chapter contains a review of some electrophysiological findings with their re-interpretation from the point of view of phonological markedness. Furthermore, the feature-approach is contrasted with a proposed reduction of phonological markedness to frequency-of-occurrence relations. Altogether, the review provides some important suggestions and starting points for further looking into the neurobiological reality of phonological markedness.

01 01 JB code la.241.09mar 06 10.1075/la.241.09mar 219 232 14 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 339309987 Pedro Tiago Martins Martins, Pedro Tiago Pedro Tiago Martins Universitat de Barcelona 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/339309987 30 00

Markedness is a pervasive notion in theories of language. In some phonological theories or models, it very much occupies a prominent position. In this chapter it is argued that the notion of markedness is not useful to our understanding of phonology and language in general, for two reasons. The first is that the notion of markedness has convincingly been shown in the literature to be a confusing label for a variety of things, all of which can be explained independently. The second is that if phonology is to be understood as part of a biological system (which we call language), its components must be amenable to investigation in the cognitive and biological sciences. The notion of markedness as part of a phonological component does not seem to qualify for any meaningful kind of investigation in that respect. It follows that markedness has no place in biologically-informed phonology.

01 01 JB code la.241.ind 06 10.1075/la.241.ind 234 238 5 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.241 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20171116 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027257246 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027264923 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD
224016717 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LA 241 Hb 15 9789027257246 06 10.1075/la.241 13 2017034063 00 BB 08 595 gr 10 01 JB code LA 02 0166-0829 02 241.00 01 02 Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 01 01 Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology 1 B01 01 JB code 217249092 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels University of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217249092 01 eng 11 249 03 03 xii 03 00 237 03 01 23 415 03 2017 P299.M35 04 Markedness (Linguistics) 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Phonology. 10 LAN011000 12 CFH 24 JB code LIN.PHON Phonology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. 03 00 In recent years, an increasing number of linguists have re-examined the question of whether markedness has explanatory power, or whether it is a phenomenon that begs explanation itself. This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. The contributions span a variety of phonological frameworks and relate to morphosyntax, historical linguistics, neurolinguistics, biolinguistics, and language typology. This volume will be of particular interest to phonologists of both synchronic and diachronic persuasions and has strong implications for the architecture of grammar with respect to phonology and its interfaces with morphosyntax and phonetics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/la.241.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027257246.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027257246.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/la.241.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/la.241.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/la.241.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/la.241.hb.png 01 01 JB code la.241.ack 06 10.1075/la.241.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments 01 01 JB code la.241.int 06 10.1075/la.241.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 124309976 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/124309976 01 01 JB code la.241.01odd 06 10.1075/la.241.01odd 1 22 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 391309977 David Odden Odden, David David Odden 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391309977 30 00

The true nature of “markedness” in the history of phonology is highly uncertain, in that the term is used to refer to a wide array of facts about language, and there is little agreement over what the term even refers to, much less whether it is a valid concept. This paper reviews certain applications of that concept in phonology, in search of some unity behind “markedness”. I show that “markedness” is about two unrelated things: formal properties of language, and functional probability of occurrence. Much effort has been put into forcing these two conceptions under a single computation umbrella, and that effort bears significant responsibility for the development of substance-dependent theories of grammar. As for whether “markedness” is a worthy topic of investigation, it is argued that the original formal question underlying markedness is still worth scrutiny in the theory of grammar: what is the nature of phonological features?

01 01 JB code la.241.02rei 06 10.1075/la.241.02rei 23 46 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology 01 04 A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ 1 A01 01 JB code 515309978 Charles Reiss Reiss, Charles Charles Reiss Concordia University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/515309978 30 00

Halle’s (1959) argument against a distinction between morphophonemic and phonemic rules can be understood as an argument against the relevance of contrast to phonology. After adducing further arguments against a role for contrast, the paper provides a simple contrast-free analysis of the classic problem of the voicing behavior of Russian /v/. This segment undergoes voicing assimilation (like other obstruents), but does not trigger it (thus acting like the sonorants). In contrast to a long history of treating /v/ as a covert sonorant, the paper attributes the behavior of Russian /v/, which surfaces always as an obstruent, to underspecification with respect to the feature Voice.

01 01 JB code la.241.03ble 06 10.1075/la.241.03ble 47 68 22 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? 1 A01 01 JB code 670309979 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins The Graduate Center, CUNY 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/670309979 30 00

The 21st century has brought major advances in our understanding of sound patterns, their phonetic basis, and their cross-linguistic diversity. Properties that were once thought to be universal, from phonological features to prosodic units like the syllable, have shown themselves to be highly variable across languages, and to sometimes fail at the very specific organizational role they are meant to play within sound systems. The goal of this chapter is to summarize evidence from the diversity of phonological systems that may inform areas of disagreement in modeling phonological grammars, with special attention to the locus of explanation in phonological theory. General arguments against phonological universals and phonological markedness in grammar are presented, including distinctive features, the sonority scale, and the prosodic hierarchy. Arguments for language-specific sound patterns and extra-grammatical explanations are also presented, including rare phoneme inventories, rare phonotactics, and distinct modality-specific properties of spoken versus signed languages.

01 01 JB code la.241.04vau 06 10.1075/la.241.04vau 69 100 32 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 59309980 Bert Vaux Vaux, Bert Bert Vaux Cambridge UniversityUniversity of Southern California 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/59309980 2 A01 01 JB code 294309981 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels USC 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/294309981 01 01 JB code la.241.05van 06 10.1075/la.241.05van 101 120 20 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. On silent markedness Chapter 5. On silent markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 269309982 Edoardo Cavirani Cavirani, Edoardo Edoardo Cavirani Meertens Instituut 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/269309982 2 A01 01 JB code 514309983 Marc Oostendorp Oostendorp, Marc Marc Oostendorp Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/514309983 30 00

Empty categories – positions in phonological representations that have no direct phonetic counterpart – are (still) controversial in phonological theory. In this paper we give the main arguments for assuming such positions and we furthermore establish a markedness hierarchy for empty positions: some of them are stronger (‘more marked’) than others, and we can derive this from a combination of Element Theory and Turbidity Theory. We illustrate our point with Italian and Dutch dialects, and point out that the phonological hierarchy of empty positions may correspond to a hierarchy of syntactic positions.

01 01 JB code la.241.06nas 06 10.1075/la.241.06nas 121 152 32 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech 1 A01 01 JB code 910309984 Kuniya Nasukawa Nasukawa, Kuniya Kuniya Nasukawa Tohoku Gakuin University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/910309984 30 00

In terms of the roles of heads and dependents, there is a mismatch between phonology and syntax. In phonology, heads are important in both structural and informational terms. In syntax, on the other hand, heads have a different function: syntactic heads, like phonological heads, have an important structural role because they license dependent structure, but unlike phonological heads their informational role is relatively unimportant because they usually bear less linguistic (e.g. lexical) information than dependents. In order to achieve a greater degree of uniformity between phonology and syntax, this chapter proposes a reassessment of the roles of heads and dependents in phonology. Contrary to the widespread view, it is argued that heads in phonology, like those in syntax, are structurally important but lexically unimportant whereas dependents are structurally unimportant but lexically important. This view is supported not only by segmental distribution patterns but also by the size of the modulated carrier signal (rather than by the more standard phonetic measure, the sonority scale).

01 01 JB code la.241.07ulf 06 10.1075/la.241.07ulf 153 190 38 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations 1 A01 01 JB code 760309985 Shanti Ulfsbjorninn Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti Shanti Ulfsbjorninn University of Lyon/ UCL – University of London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/760309985 30 00

As a linguistic concept, markedness is in trouble (Hale & Reiss 2000, 2008; Blevins 2004; Haspelmath 2006; Samuels 2011; Reiss 2017). Accepting many of these criticisms and conclusions, this chapter, nevertheless, claims that there is space for markedness in formal phonology. By examining syllable structure from a highly representational viewpoint, I conclude that ‘markedness by complexity’ does have explanatory value and that markedness is explicable in terms of ‘structural complexity’ and ‘length of description’. The core demonstration is based on Charette’s (1990, 1991, 1992) formal typology of consonant clusters (CCs). These papers contain important implicational universals that Charette relates directly to her representations. My contribution will be to enrich the typology and reorganize those principles and parameters into a decision tree or parameter hierarchy that derives the implicational universals. Moreover, the number of parameter settings (the depth in the parameter hierarchy) increases the markedness of the resultant grammar. Crucially, each parametric ‘yes’ setting corresponds to an extra empty phonological category or extra ability to license, or reflects the distance between heads and dependents in the representation. For this reason, markedness is not merely a ‘metaphor’ ‘for a cognitive state’ (Haspelmath 2006), it is directly convertible into linguistic categories. This markedness is not part of the online computation of forms (contra Optimality Theory) and markedness statements cannot be re-ranked to obtain different grammars. However, markedness is one step in the chain of explanation for: (a) the apparent step-wise variation of complexity and implicational universals of consonant clusters, (b) the Trubetzkoy hypothesis.

01 01 JB code la.241.08sch 06 10.1075/la.241.08sch 191 218 28 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? 1 A01 01 JB code 721309986 Mathias Scharinger Scharinger, Mathias Mathias Scharinger Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/721309986 30 00

Pursuing the question of whether there are brain bases for phonological markedness necessitates an empirical and testable approach. This approach – put forward in this chapter – is couched in a theory of phonological feature specification and tested with brain imaging methods, with an emphasis on electrophysiology, encompassing electro- and magnetoencephalographic experiments. After sketching the theoretical background and introducing the basics of the reported brain measures, the chapter contains a review of some electrophysiological findings with their re-interpretation from the point of view of phonological markedness. Furthermore, the feature-approach is contrasted with a proposed reduction of phonological markedness to frequency-of-occurrence relations. Altogether, the review provides some important suggestions and starting points for further looking into the neurobiological reality of phonological markedness.

01 01 JB code la.241.09mar 06 10.1075/la.241.09mar 219 232 14 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 339309987 Pedro Tiago Martins Martins, Pedro Tiago Pedro Tiago Martins Universitat de Barcelona 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/339309987 30 00

Markedness is a pervasive notion in theories of language. In some phonological theories or models, it very much occupies a prominent position. In this chapter it is argued that the notion of markedness is not useful to our understanding of phonology and language in general, for two reasons. The first is that the notion of markedness has convincingly been shown in the literature to be a confusing label for a variety of things, all of which can be explained independently. The second is that if phonology is to be understood as part of a biological system (which we call language), its components must be amenable to investigation in the cognitive and biological sciences. The notion of markedness as part of a phonological component does not seem to qualify for any meaningful kind of investigation in that respect. It follows that markedness has no place in biologically-informed phonology.

01 01 JB code la.241.ind 06 10.1075/la.241.ind 234 238 5 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.241 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20171116 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 36 24 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 99.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 36 24 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 149.00 USD
424018365 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LA 241 GE 15 9789027264923 06 10.1075/la.241 13 2018023644 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code LA 02 JB code 0166-0829 02 241.00 01 02 Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 01 01 Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology 1 B01 01 JB code 217249092 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels University of Southern California 01 eng 11 249 03 03 xii 03 00 237 03 24 JB code LIN.PHON Phonology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN011000 12 CFH 01 06 02 00 This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. 03 00 In recent years, an increasing number of linguists have re-examined the question of whether markedness has explanatory power, or whether it is a phenomenon that begs explanation itself. This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. The contributions span a variety of phonological frameworks and relate to morphosyntax, historical linguistics, neurolinguistics, biolinguistics, and language typology. This volume will be of particular interest to phonologists of both synchronic and diachronic persuasions and has strong implications for the architecture of grammar with respect to phonology and its interfaces with morphosyntax and phonetics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/la.241.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027257246.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027257246.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/la.241.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/la.241.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/la.241.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/la.241.hb.png 01 01 JB code la.241.ack 06 10.1075/la.241.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments 01 01 JB code la.241.int 06 10.1075/la.241.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 124309976 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels 01 01 JB code la.241.01odd 06 10.1075/la.241.01odd 1 22 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 391309977 David Odden Odden, David David Odden 01 01 JB code la.241.02rei 06 10.1075/la.241.02rei 23 46 24 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology 01 04 A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ 1 A01 01 JB code 515309978 Charles Reiss Reiss, Charles Charles Reiss Concordia University 01 01 JB code la.241.03ble 06 10.1075/la.241.03ble 47 68 22 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? 1 A01 01 JB code 670309979 Juliette Blevins Blevins, Juliette Juliette Blevins The Graduate Center, CUNY 01 01 JB code la.241.04vau 06 10.1075/la.241.04vau 69 100 32 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 59309980 Bert Vaux Vaux, Bert Bert Vaux Cambridge UniversityUniversity of Southern California 2 A01 01 JB code 294309981 Bridget D. Samuels Samuels, Bridget D. Bridget D. Samuels USC 01 01 JB code la.241.05van 06 10.1075/la.241.05van 101 120 20 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 5. On silent markedness Chapter 5. On silent markedness 1 A01 01 JB code 269309982 Edoardo Cavirani Cavirani, Edoardo Edoardo Cavirani Meertens Instituut 2 A01 01 JB code 514309983 Marc Oostendorp Oostendorp, Marc Marc Oostendorp Meertens Instituut, Amsterdam 01 01 JB code la.241.06nas 06 10.1075/la.241.06nas 121 152 32 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech 1 A01 01 JB code 910309984 Kuniya Nasukawa Nasukawa, Kuniya Kuniya Nasukawa Tohoku Gakuin University 01 01 JB code la.241.07ulf 06 10.1075/la.241.07ulf 153 190 38 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations 1 A01 01 JB code 760309985 Shanti Ulfsbjorninn Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti Shanti Ulfsbjorninn University of Lyon/ UCL – University of London 01 01 JB code la.241.08sch 06 10.1075/la.241.08sch 191 218 28 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? 1 A01 01 JB code 721309986 Mathias Scharinger Scharinger, Mathias Mathias Scharinger Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics 01 01 JB code la.241.09mar 06 10.1075/la.241.09mar 219 232 14 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology 1 A01 01 JB code 339309987 Pedro Tiago Martins Martins, Pedro Tiago Pedro Tiago Martins Universitat de Barcelona 01 01 JB code la.241.ind 06 10.1075/la.241.ind 233 237 5 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20171116 C 2017 John Benjamins D 2017 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027257246 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD