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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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9789027257543
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10.1075/lfab.17
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2022024641
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LFAB
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1877-6531
Language Faculty and Beyond
17
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A<sup>0</sup> – The Lexical Status of Adjectives
01
lfab.17
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https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/lfab.17
1
B01
Phoevos Panagiotidis
Panagiotidis, Phoevos
Phoevos
Panagiotidis
University of Cyprus
2
B01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
ZAS, Berlin
01
eng
301
v
295
LAN009060
v.2006
CFK
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.GENER
Generative linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume brings together seven eminently original attempts to answer a sorely neglected question: What are adjectives? Although the positioning of adjectives as well as aspects of their semantics have been investigated in depth, their actual status as a lexical category has generally been treated superficially in the linguistic literature.<br />In this volume, the different approaches to the categorial identity of adjectives put forward include their position in the inventory of lexical categories, the elusive noun-adjective link, the functional entourage of adjectives and their relational character, the role of concord and possession – and so on. The contributors bring different viewpoints as well as a variety of language data into the discussion, from Chinese to Indo-European, and on to Niger-Congo languages.
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11
Chapter
1
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Introduction
To adjectives, lexical categories, and this volume
1
A01
Phoevos Panagiotidis
Panagiotidis, Phoevos
Phoevos
Panagiotidis
University of Cyprus
2
A01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics (ZAS)/Bled Institute
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. Adjectives as a lexical category, and beyond
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.02str
15
72
58
Chapter
3
01
Universal and language-specific aspects of adjectives
Absolute categories and relational molds
1
A01
Volker Struckmeier
Struckmeier, Volker
Volker
Struckmeier
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
20
adjective
20
borrowing
20
categorial features
20
category
20
code-switching
20
root
20
word class
01
This paper argues that categoriality is a multi-layer notion. Some properties of categoriality may be cross-linguistically universal. However, other properties of linguistic categorization differ between languages. Some of these properties can be described by (non-categorial) properties of lexical items. However, we argue, another layer of categoriality are so-called molds, morpho-syntactic contexts that lexical items can appear in. Molds are, crucially, defined by items in a language other than the item to be categorized. Various phenomena in different languages, borrowing and code-switching serve to highlight the use of molds. The same phenomena also demonstrate that no lexical items can ever be truly category-less, in that all items have lexical properties which qualify them for, or disqualify them of, certain molds.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.03lar
73
120
48
Chapter
4
01
Adjectives, case and concord
1
A01
Richard K. Larson
Larson, Richard K.
Richard K.
Larson
Stony Brook University
20
agreement
20
Bantu
20
case
20
concord
20
features
20
Iranian
20
Kinande
20
linker
20
syntax
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.04ars
121
152
32
Chapter
5
01
Adjectives as a lexical category
A story of striving for extension
1
A01
Boban Arsenijević
Arsenijević, Boban
Boban
Arsenijević
University of Graz
20
adjectives
20
adverbs
20
classifier feature
20
extension
20
grammatical construct
20
intension
20
lexical categories
20
light verbs
20
prepositions
20
semantic ontology
20
taxonomic nouns
01
I argue that prepositions and adjectives form one lexical category (labeled for convenience PAd), such that prepositions are its light members in the way light verbs (be, become, cause) are members of the verbal and taxonomic nouns (place, person, event) of the nominal category. While the opposition between nouns and verbs is based on an ontological restriction, modelled as the value of the classifier feature, PAd is characterized by the inability to establish reference, i.e. by an unvalued classifier feature. Surface asymmetries between traditional adjectives and prepositions are discussed and either refuted or explained away in terms of the proposed differences in the richness of lexical semantics and the underlying structural differences.
10
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JB code
lfab.17.p2
Section header
6
01
Part II. Adjectives and the nominal domain
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.05ade
155
186
32
Chapter
7
01
Nominal Attributive Modifiers (NAMs) in Ògè
1
A01
Priscilla Adenuga
Adenuga, Priscilla
Priscilla
Adenuga
20
adjunct
20
attributive
20
dependent
20
features
20
genitives
20
independent
20
modifier
20
nominal
20
Ògè
20
predicative
01
This paper examines the syntax of adjectives in the Ògè language and argues that attributive adjectives in Ògè are nominal. Attributive adjectives are called Nominal Attributive Modifiers (NAMs) in this work. Adopting the notion of dependent and independent features as introduced in Zeijlstra (2020), this paper shows that the grammaticality of NAM depends on the modified noun in attributive expressions in Ògè. For NAMs that are not in a local relationship with the modified noun, evidence is given to show that such expressions are genitives or possessives. Accordingly, I analyze NAM as adjuncts in modification expressions. Finally, I show that the adjunct (NAM) is involved in feature checking which further contributes to the label ‘[N]’ for the concatenation of a NAM with a Noun.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.06hu
187
216
30
Chapter
8
01
Property, possession, and adjectives
1
A01
Xuhui Hu
Hu, Xuhui
Xuhui
Hu
20
adjectival predication
20
possessive construction
20
property concept
20
syntactic variation
01
This paper rethinks the nature of possessive property concept (PC) construction which provides an account for the cross-linguistic variation regarding the constructions of possessive strategy and adjectival predication for the expression of PC predication. It is argued that the possessive PC construction in Chinese is in nature an adjectival one (in line with Y. Zhang 2020), hence is syntactically different from ownership possessive constructions. Based on Hu and Perry (2020), it is argued that the derivation of an adjective involves a possessive predication phrase (PossP) headed by a special Possessive head Poss, which establishes a possessive relationship between a subject in [Spec PossP] and a characteristic property denoted by the complement of Poss. In Chinese, the phonologically null vocabulary item (VI) of Poss feature has an insertion framework condition that requires it to be spelt-out in a complex head. This special property of Poss VI is responsible for a series of issues including the licensing conditions for bare adjectives in Chinese, the variation between Chinese and languages like English regarding the existence of possessive PC constructions, among others.
10
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JB code
lfab.17.p3
Section header
9
01
Part III. Adjectives and the interfaces
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.07nit
219
256
38
Chapter
10
01
On the extended projection of German adjectives
1
A01
Remo Nitschke
Nitschke, Remo
Remo
Nitschke
20
adjectives
20
comparative
20
degree expressions
20
Extended Projection
20
superlative
01
This chapter proposes a possible Extended Projection (EP) for German adjectives. It builds on previous work by Neeleman et al. (2004) on the English and Dutch adjectival EP. Based on work by Bobaljik (2012), this work also proposes that the comparative and superlative heads are part of the EP. We show that this proposal can be unified with the Neeleman et al. (2004) structure, by assuming Matushansky (2006)-style head-movement. The chapter then considers how different functional heads fit in the adjectival EP. Based on tests proposed by Neeleman et al. (2004), we find that some functional heads, such as viel (much) and zu (too), are part of the EP, while others, such as differentials, are not. While Neeleman et al. (2004) do not consider English “much" part of the adjectival EP, we show that, by the measure of their own tests, its German equivalent (viel) should be part of the German EP.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.08mit
257
292
36
Chapter
11
01
First-phase semantics
1
A01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics (ZAS)/Berlin & Bled Institute
20
adjectives, adjectival meaning
20
adverb
20
defectivity
20
derivation by phase
20
English
20
first-phase
20
interpretation theory, totality, partiality
20
lexical categories, meaning, interpretation
20
nouns, nominal meaning
20
phi-features
20
predicates, set
20
property
20
semantic compositionality
20
Slovenian
20
sort theory
20
type theory, multi-sorted
20
verbs, verbal meaning
01
Everything else being equal, the procedural principles of interpretational composition should abide by the morphosyntactic structure that is provided to the conceptual intentional interface, in its totality and without stipulative exception. To equip the theory of mapping and interpretation with stipulations that would ‘skip’ or ignore nodes would mean ridding that theory of the principle-based power of explanation it is presumably designed to provide. It seems an undesirable consequence to me to end up with a model in which most morphemes are void of meaning or some kind of contribution to meaning. A foundational lexical structure, qua First Phase, containing an acategorial root and a categorising head, has not received a principled analysis which would not pull cheap tricks and attempt to assign denotation, or at least non-void denotational properties, to the categorial (n, v) formatives and the acategorial loci of lexical meaning (roots). This paper sketches a programme for doing exactly that: semantics at Phase One of the morphosyntactic derivation.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.index
293
295
3
Miscellaneous
12
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20221124
2022
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
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9789027211460
01
JB
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John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
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WORLD
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99.00
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GBP
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149.00
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S
556028269
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
LFAB 17 Hb
15
9789027211460
13
2022024640
BB
01
LFAB
02
1877-6531
Language Faculty and Beyond
17
01
A<sup>0</sup> – The Lexical Status of Adjectives
01
lfab.17
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/lfab.17
1
B01
Phoevos Panagiotidis
Panagiotidis, Phoevos
Phoevos
Panagiotidis
University of Cyprus
2
B01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
ZAS, Berlin
01
eng
301
v
295
LAN009060
v.2006
CFK
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.GENER
Generative linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This volume brings together seven eminently original attempts to answer a sorely neglected question: What are adjectives? Although the positioning of adjectives as well as aspects of their semantics have been investigated in depth, their actual status as a lexical category has generally been treated superficially in the linguistic literature.<br />In this volume, the different approaches to the categorial identity of adjectives put forward include their position in the inventory of lexical categories, the elusive noun-adjective link, the functional entourage of adjectives and their relational character, the role of concord and possession – and so on. The contributors bring different viewpoints as well as a variety of language data into the discussion, from Chinese to Indo-European, and on to Niger-Congo languages.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/lfab.17.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027211460.jpg
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027211460.tif
06
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/lfab.17.hb.png
07
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/125/lfab.17.png
25
09
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27
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https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/lfab.17.hb.png
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.01pan
1
11
11
Chapter
1
01
Introduction
To adjectives, lexical categories, and this volume
1
A01
Phoevos Panagiotidis
Panagiotidis, Phoevos
Phoevos
Panagiotidis
University of Cyprus
2
A01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics (ZAS)/Bled Institute
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I. Adjectives as a lexical category, and beyond
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.02str
15
72
58
Chapter
3
01
Universal and language-specific aspects of adjectives
Absolute categories and relational molds
1
A01
Volker Struckmeier
Struckmeier, Volker
Volker
Struckmeier
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
20
adjective
20
borrowing
20
categorial features
20
category
20
code-switching
20
root
20
word class
01
This paper argues that categoriality is a multi-layer notion. Some properties of categoriality may be cross-linguistically universal. However, other properties of linguistic categorization differ between languages. Some of these properties can be described by (non-categorial) properties of lexical items. However, we argue, another layer of categoriality are so-called molds, morpho-syntactic contexts that lexical items can appear in. Molds are, crucially, defined by items in a language other than the item to be categorized. Various phenomena in different languages, borrowing and code-switching serve to highlight the use of molds. The same phenomena also demonstrate that no lexical items can ever be truly category-less, in that all items have lexical properties which qualify them for, or disqualify them of, certain molds.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.03lar
73
120
48
Chapter
4
01
Adjectives, case and concord
1
A01
Richard K. Larson
Larson, Richard K.
Richard K.
Larson
Stony Brook University
20
agreement
20
Bantu
20
case
20
concord
20
features
20
Iranian
20
Kinande
20
linker
20
syntax
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.04ars
121
152
32
Chapter
5
01
Adjectives as a lexical category
A story of striving for extension
1
A01
Boban Arsenijević
Arsenijević, Boban
Boban
Arsenijević
University of Graz
20
adjectives
20
adverbs
20
classifier feature
20
extension
20
grammatical construct
20
intension
20
lexical categories
20
light verbs
20
prepositions
20
semantic ontology
20
taxonomic nouns
01
I argue that prepositions and adjectives form one lexical category (labeled for convenience PAd), such that prepositions are its light members in the way light verbs (be, become, cause) are members of the verbal and taxonomic nouns (place, person, event) of the nominal category. While the opposition between nouns and verbs is based on an ontological restriction, modelled as the value of the classifier feature, PAd is characterized by the inability to establish reference, i.e. by an unvalued classifier feature. Surface asymmetries between traditional adjectives and prepositions are discussed and either refuted or explained away in terms of the proposed differences in the richness of lexical semantics and the underlying structural differences.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.p2
Section header
6
01
Part II. Adjectives and the nominal domain
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.05ade
155
186
32
Chapter
7
01
Nominal Attributive Modifiers (NAMs) in Ògè
1
A01
Priscilla Adenuga
Adenuga, Priscilla
Priscilla
Adenuga
20
adjunct
20
attributive
20
dependent
20
features
20
genitives
20
independent
20
modifier
20
nominal
20
Ògè
20
predicative
01
This paper examines the syntax of adjectives in the Ògè language and argues that attributive adjectives in Ògè are nominal. Attributive adjectives are called Nominal Attributive Modifiers (NAMs) in this work. Adopting the notion of dependent and independent features as introduced in Zeijlstra (2020), this paper shows that the grammaticality of NAM depends on the modified noun in attributive expressions in Ògè. For NAMs that are not in a local relationship with the modified noun, evidence is given to show that such expressions are genitives or possessives. Accordingly, I analyze NAM as adjuncts in modification expressions. Finally, I show that the adjunct (NAM) is involved in feature checking which further contributes to the label ‘[N]’ for the concatenation of a NAM with a Noun.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.06hu
187
216
30
Chapter
8
01
Property, possession, and adjectives
1
A01
Xuhui Hu
Hu, Xuhui
Xuhui
Hu
20
adjectival predication
20
possessive construction
20
property concept
20
syntactic variation
01
This paper rethinks the nature of possessive property concept (PC) construction which provides an account for the cross-linguistic variation regarding the constructions of possessive strategy and adjectival predication for the expression of PC predication. It is argued that the possessive PC construction in Chinese is in nature an adjectival one (in line with Y. Zhang 2020), hence is syntactically different from ownership possessive constructions. Based on Hu and Perry (2020), it is argued that the derivation of an adjective involves a possessive predication phrase (PossP) headed by a special Possessive head Poss, which establishes a possessive relationship between a subject in [Spec PossP] and a characteristic property denoted by the complement of Poss. In Chinese, the phonologically null vocabulary item (VI) of Poss feature has an insertion framework condition that requires it to be spelt-out in a complex head. This special property of Poss VI is responsible for a series of issues including the licensing conditions for bare adjectives in Chinese, the variation between Chinese and languages like English regarding the existence of possessive PC constructions, among others.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.p3
Section header
9
01
Part III. Adjectives and the interfaces
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.07nit
219
256
38
Chapter
10
01
On the extended projection of German adjectives
1
A01
Remo Nitschke
Nitschke, Remo
Remo
Nitschke
20
adjectives
20
comparative
20
degree expressions
20
Extended Projection
20
superlative
01
This chapter proposes a possible Extended Projection (EP) for German adjectives. It builds on previous work by Neeleman et al. (2004) on the English and Dutch adjectival EP. Based on work by Bobaljik (2012), this work also proposes that the comparative and superlative heads are part of the EP. We show that this proposal can be unified with the Neeleman et al. (2004) structure, by assuming Matushansky (2006)-style head-movement. The chapter then considers how different functional heads fit in the adjectival EP. Based on tests proposed by Neeleman et al. (2004), we find that some functional heads, such as viel (much) and zu (too), are part of the EP, while others, such as differentials, are not. While Neeleman et al. (2004) do not consider English “much" part of the adjectival EP, we show that, by the measure of their own tests, its German equivalent (viel) should be part of the German EP.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.08mit
257
292
36
Chapter
11
01
First-phase semantics
1
A01
Moreno Mitrović
Mitrović, Moreno
Moreno
Mitrović
Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics (ZAS)/Berlin & Bled Institute
20
adjectives, adjectival meaning
20
adverb
20
defectivity
20
derivation by phase
20
English
20
first-phase
20
interpretation theory, totality, partiality
20
lexical categories, meaning, interpretation
20
nouns, nominal meaning
20
phi-features
20
predicates, set
20
property
20
semantic compositionality
20
Slovenian
20
sort theory
20
type theory, multi-sorted
20
verbs, verbal meaning
01
Everything else being equal, the procedural principles of interpretational composition should abide by the morphosyntactic structure that is provided to the conceptual intentional interface, in its totality and without stipulative exception. To equip the theory of mapping and interpretation with stipulations that would ‘skip’ or ignore nodes would mean ridding that theory of the principle-based power of explanation it is presumably designed to provide. It seems an undesirable consequence to me to end up with a model in which most morphemes are void of meaning or some kind of contribution to meaning. A foundational lexical structure, qua First Phase, containing an acategorial root and a categorising head, has not received a principled analysis which would not pull cheap tricks and attempt to assign denotation, or at least non-void denotational properties, to the categorial (n, v) formatives and the acategorial loci of lexical meaning (roots). This paper sketches a programme for doing exactly that: semantics at Phase One of the morphosyntactic derivation.
10
01
JB code
lfab.17.index
293
295
3
Miscellaneous
12
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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20221124
2022
John Benjamins B.V.
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