816008916 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LIS 24 Eb 15 9789027285393 06 10.1075/lis.24 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code LIS 02 0165-7569 02 24.00 01 02 Lingvisticae Investigationes Supplementa Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-lis 01 02 Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa (vols. 1–31, 1979–2014) 05 02 LIS (vols. 1–31, 1979–2014) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 01 01 Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar Papers in honour of Maurice Gross Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar: Papers in honour of Maurice Gross 1 B01 01 JB code 513009705 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère LADL, CNRS 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/513009705 2 B01 01 JB code 733009704 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte Univ. de Marne-la-Vallée 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733009704 3 B01 01 JB code 717009706 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot Université de Grenoble 3 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717009706 4 B01 01 JB code 890009707 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein IBM Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/890009707 01 eng 11 681 03 03 xxii 03 00 659 03 01 22 415 03 2004 P291 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Syntax. 04 Lexicology. 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 24 JB code TERM.LEX Lexicography 24 JB code LIN.NLP Natural language processing 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 03 00 Maurice Gross, who died in December 2001, was a pioneer and leading thinker in the field of modern linguistics. Long before computers could facilitate large-scale, lexically-based language study, he and his team began building an exhaustive, empirically-based inventory of the "lexicon-grammar" of French which, thirty years later, still remains the most complete syntax-based lexicon available. Researchers all over the world have adopted the Gross model of description, which serves as a computational model for any language. As can be seen in the contributions in this volume, it has been applied to languages as different as Arabic, Chinese, English, Greek or Korean (as well as the major Romance languages, of course). In this volume the reader will also find a number of articles by eminent linguists who were close friends of Maurice Gross, and frequently in dialogue with him on linguistic issues. No matter whether they shared his theoretical views, or his particular empirical methods of description, they each had great respect for his work, especially for the close-grained linguistic analysis which has set a benchmark for future generations. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/lis.24.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027231345.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027231345.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/lis.24.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/lis.24.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 JB code lis.24.01for 06 10.1075/lis.24.01for xi xxii 12 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 eng 01 01 JB code lis.24.02che 06 10.1075/lis.24.02che 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Entretien avec Maurice Gross Entretien avec Maurice Gross 1 A01 01 JB code 30047994 Jean-Claude Chevalier Chevalier, Jean-Claude Jean-Claude Chevalier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/30047994 01 fre 01 01 JB code lis.24.03ana 06 10.1075/lis.24.03ana 11 22 12 Article 3 01 04 Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne 1 A01 01 JB code 45047995 Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anastassiadis-Syméonidis, Anna Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45047995 01 fre 03 00 This text is a survey of works elaborated in the theoretical framework of the Lexicon-Grammar regarding Modern Greek. These works, numerous and varied, concern inflectional morphology, compounds, fixed expressions, functional verbs and other classes like adverbs, conjunctive sentences, determiners or proverbs.
The electronic dictionary of Greek is not ready yet, but it is quite far advanced. Morphology is very well covered (12,000 verbs, 53,800 nouns and 35,500 adjectives) as well as the inverse dictionary (180,000 entries). These works regarding not only the general language but also languages for special purposes have a theoretical and also a practical interest for automatic translation and teaching of Greek as a mother or/and as a foreign language.
01 01 JB code lis.24.04bal 06 10.1075/lis.24.04bal 23 29 7 Article 4 01 04 Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales 01 04 Note sur le semi-figement Note sur le semi-figement 1 A01 01 JB code 452047996 Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti Balibar-Mrabti, Antoinette Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/452047996 01 fre 03 00 One can find in French expressions which are equivalent to adverbs ending in -ment, e.g. écouter d'une oreille attentive /distraite as compared to écouter attentivement /distraitement, or dessiner d'une main habile /dessiner d'un crayon habile as compared to dessiner habilement. These expressions, which are considered to be relatively fixed, or semi-compositional, are being studied with ever-increasing precision by linguists and lexicographers. This paper sets out the criteria which define these expressions in Lexicon-Grammar Theory. 01 01 JB code lis.24.05bap 06 10.1075/lis.24.05bap 31 40 10 Article 5 01 04 Instrument Nouns and Fusion Instrument Nouns and Fusion 01 04 Predicative nouns designating violent actions Predicative nouns designating violent actions 1 A01 01 JB code 890047997 Jorge Baptista Baptista, Jorge Jorge Baptista 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/890047997 01 eng 03 00 Many predicative nouns selecting the support verb dar (to give) in Portuguese allow Conversion, a passive-like transformation, with the support verb levar (to take, to get). Among these, a significant number are related with concrete instrument nouns and expresses violent action predicates. These sentences present a paraphrase with the verbs bater (to hit) or ferir (to hurt) with an instrument complement. Most of these predicative nouns are formed with a common suffix (-ada). Several restrictions can be observed in the choice of the instrument complements that can be inserted in the nominal sentences. High redundancy blocks the insertion of an instrumental complement if the instrument is the same noun as the one to which the predicative nouns is morphologically related. We analyse these nominal sentences by Fusion, a transformational relation proposed by M. Gross (1981), which merges the verbs bater or ferir with the instrument noun to form both the predicative noun and (more rarely) its associated verb. 01 01 JB code lis.24.06shy 06 10.1075/lis.24.06shy 41 50 10 Article 6 01 04 La constitution d'une concordance de verbes de l'ancien francais La constitution d’une concordance de verbes de l’ancien français 1 A01 01 JB code 217047998 Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217047998 01 fre 03 00 This paper presents a project which consists of the implementation of electronic concordances and dictionaries of Old French. As compared to other dictionaries, electronic dictionaries present several advantages. We outline those advantages and describe the method used for this purpose. The choice of the corpus as well as the delimitation of the period are also discussed. The two first parts of the concordances are illustrated by various examples. 01 01 JB code lis.24.07bor 06 10.1075/lis.24.07bor 51 62 12 Article 7 01 04 Les adjectifs derives de noms de parties du corps dans les textes medicaux Les adjectifs dérivés de noms de parties du corps dans les textes médicaux 1 A01 01 JB code 485047999 Andrée Borillo Borillo, Andrée Andrée Borillo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/485047999 01 fre 03 00 Among the large category of Adjectives, we selected an interesting subset of denominal adjectives issued from nouns referring to parts and regions of the human body — external parts as well as internal organs — called "Noms de parties du corps" (Npc). These adjectives are so massively used in medical discourse that they could be taken as a lexical parameter for this register identification They are generally used with an attributive function [SN [N Apc]], but the head noun they modify may belong to different categories. It can be nouns with a referential content (parts of the body or material objets) but also nouns most generally derived from verbs or adjectives, representing states, actions or processes ("predicative nouns"). According to the category of the head noun, the relation expressed by the Apc can be interpreted in different ways: as a part-whole relation when the head noun denotes itself a body part, as a locative relation with nouns referring to physical objets of all sorts, but when it is coupled with a predicative noun, the adjective Ape is to be taken exactly as the nominal base (the noun from which it derives) would be, that is it has to be considered as an argument within the verbal structure defined by an agentive verb such as faire, pratiquer, provoquer (to make, to cause) or by a stative verb such as avoir (to have), présenter, manifester (to exhibit). 01 01 JB code lis.24.08cha 06 10.1075/lis.24.08cha 63 77 15 Article 8 01 04 A propos des phrases transitives en arabe À propos des phrases transitives en arabe 01 04 Sur quelques criteres de reconnaissance des objets directs Sur quelques critères de reconnaissance des objets directs 1 A01 01 JB code 778048000 Mohamed Chad Chad, Mohamed Mohamed Chad 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/778048000 01 fre 03 00 This paper concerns the treatment of the "object" in Arabic. Our aim is to determine the criteria for its recognition, in terms of the differences that obtain between it and other complements. 01 01 JB code lis.24.09tin 06 10.1075/lis.24.09tin 79 89 11 Article 9 01 04 Etude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois Étude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois 1 A01 01 JB code 172048001 Cheng Ting-Au Ting-Au, Cheng Cheng Ting-Au 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/172048001 01 fre 03 00 The objective of this paper is to explore the applicability of Gross's theory of Lexicon-Grammar to the study of Chinese syntax. The paper is concerned with the ba-construction in Chinese. It aims to show that the very concept of exhaustivity is crucial in an area of study which has been badly in need of new ideas. To highlight the complexity requirement of the ba-construction, we have examined respectively all the relevant constituents within a canonical sentential framework, i.e. #N0 W0 ba-N1 W1 V W2# and it is found that previous accounts of the ba-construction cannot adequately characterize all its syntactic properties. Hence a much more thorough study will be needed if we bear in mind to provide a sound, verifiable, empirical support for constructing a viable model for Chinese syntax. 01 01 JB code lis.24.10con 06 10.1075/lis.24.10con 91 103 13 Article 10 01 04 Principes d'analyse automatique des proverbes Principes d’analyse automatique des proverbes 1 A01 01 JB code 500048002 Mirella Conenna Conenna, Mirella Mirella Conenna 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/500048002 01 fre 03 00 We present software tools capable of identifying a proverb automatically in a text and of generating a translation for it. They include a library of finite state automata administered by the INTEX system (developed by M. Silberztein 1993).
We have constructed a series of automata and transducers relating to certain syntactic classes of French and Italian proverbs.
We differentiate between the automata containing attested proverbs and automata that we call "predictive", particular lexical and syntactic forms that are inserted by analogy with the actual forms retrieved, which could prove useful in the automatic analysis of texts. Wherever we know the equivalent form in the other language, we establish a transducer.
We present a detailed model of the analyser, made up of a network of automata, which takes account of the formulations that link the proverb to the discourse: "as the proverb says, according to folk wisdom, as grandmother used to say, etc". These phrases can sometimes be inserted into the proverb itself, as a kind of interpolation, and can present an obstacle for automatic recognition process.
01 01 JB code lis.24.11cor 06 10.1075/lis.24.11cor 105 111 7 Article 11 01 04 Sur la valeur de l' << incise >> et sa postposition Sur la valeur de l’ « incise » et sa postposition 01 04 Signe mimique et << style indirect libre >> Signe mimique et « style indirect libre » 1 A01 01 JB code 778048003 Benoît Cornulier Cornulier, Benoît Benoît Cornulier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/778048003 01 fre 03 00 In Please, she said, comme in, the parenthetical she said is rather postponed to Please than inserterted in the middle of Please,[..],come in. It is not responsible for the fact that the occurrence Please, (come in) means that these words have been uttered; this meaning fundamentally belongs to the "mimic" (rather than plainly linguistic) use of Please, come in. In She was tired, it seemed, the assertion of She was tired doesn't reproduce the fact that these words were uttered, but that (apparently) she was tired. 01 01 JB code lis.24.12cou 06 10.1075/lis.24.12cou 113 123 11 Article 12 01 04 Dictionnaires electroniques DELAF anglais et francais Dictionnaires électroniques DELAF anglais et français 1 A01 01 JB code 857048004 Blandine Courtois Courtois, Blandine Blandine Courtois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/857048004 01 fre 03 00 This paper is based on the comparison between two electronic dictionaries (DELAF) constructed at LADL for English and French. It first describes the structure of the entries, then the formal features that have been recorded for each of them. It then shows how, in the French and English DELAFs, these codes indicate three levels of complexity of linguistic information. We finally give a brief description of the linguistic data which are available in each part of the dictionaries. 01 01 JB code lis.24.13dag 06 10.1075/lis.24.13dag 125 136 12 Article 13 01 04 Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 138048005 Emilio D’Agostino D’Agostino, Emilio Emilio D’Agostino 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/138048005 2 A01 01 JB code 407048006 Annibale Elia Elia, Annibale Annibale Elia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/407048006 3 A01 01 JB code 607048007 Simonetta Vietri Vietri, Simonetta Simonetta Vietri 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048007 01 eng 03 00 In this paper we will show how Italian electronic dictionaries have been built within the methodological framework of Lexicon-grammar. We will see the structure of electronic dictionaries of simple and compound words, and we will show how to analyse texts employing these linguistic tools within INTEX, a morphological analyser. INTEX contains a tool which allows to construct local grammars on the model of finite state automata. These grammars can be based not only on words but also on the non-terminal symbols contained in the dictionaries. Finally, we will show how electronic grammars (built with INTEX) interact with dictionaries and allow recognition of sequences of simple and compound words. 01 01 JB code lis.24.14dan 06 10.1075/lis.24.14dan 137 153 17 Article 14 01 04 Coreference evenementielle entre deux phrases Coréférence événementielle entre deux phrases 1 A01 01 JB code 905048008 Laurence Danlos Danlos, Laurence Laurence Danlos 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905048008 01 fre 03 00 Works on temporal relations between two eventualities e1 and e2 always suppose that e1 ≠ e2. We will concentrate on cases where e1 = e2, i.e. on event coreference. Unlike object coreference, event coreference has rarely been studied in detail, except for (pro)nominal phrases referring to an event. We focus here on event coreference between two sentences. This study will put forward unusual linguistic phenomena, e.g. coreference between existentially quantified elements. These phenomena, which question well-established myths, have to be taken into account in text understanding and text generation. They will lead us to introduce and define new discourse relations which will be discussed in the framework of SDRT. 01 01 JB code lis.24.15dou 06 10.1075/lis.24.15dou 155 174 20 Article 15 01 04 Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences 01 04 Can it, plan it, or planet? Can it, plan it, or planet? 1 A01 01 JB code 310048009 Ray C. Dougherty Dougherty, Ray C. Ray C. Dougherty 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/310048009 01 eng 01 01 JB code lis.24.16dub 06 10.1075/lis.24.16dub 175 183 9 Article 16 01 04 Les relatifs de surface Les relatifs de surface 1 A01 01 JB code 545048010 Jean Dubois Dubois, Jean Jean Dubois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/545048010 2 A01 01 JB code 797048011 Francoise Dubois-Charlier Dubois-Charlier, Francoise Francoise Dubois-Charlier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/797048011 01 fre 03 00 We have here examined some types of sentences which include a relative pronoun, for which we would like to suggest that the outwardly relative clause may not be a 'true' relative clause:
C'est Pierre qui m'accompagnera à la gare
Il y a des enfants qui jouent au ballon dans le jardin
Il est / existe /se trouve des gens qui pensent que...
J'ai une mélodie qui me trotte dans la tête
Tu as ton jupon qui dépasse

Cyril partait gagnant mais Pierre est celui qui a été élu
All such structures are interpreted here as resulting, not from a reunion of two clauses through relativization, but from the rearrangement of a single simple clause: Son mari n 'aime pas les voyages → Elle a un mari qui n 'aime pas les voyages .
This rearrangement is motivated by focalization or rethematization purposes. It involves the use of a new beginning for the sentence (to set out the focus or to indicate the new theme); as a consequence, the rest of the sentence is marked with a qu- form. We thus call the qu- clause a 'pseudo-relative'.
01 01 JB code lis.24.17dug 06 10.1075/lis.24.17dug 185 193 9 Article 17 01 04 Les attributs du complement d'objet Les attributs du complément d’objet 1 A01 01 JB code 94048012 André Dugas Dugas, André André Dugas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94048012 01 fre 03 00 This paper reports on a study of the attributes associated with the direct or indirect object. These attributes are of the kind:
On a élu Marie présidente
Cet individu a été classé comme dangereux
Je le vois déçu
The list of verbs operating with this construction comes from an exhaustive dictionary of French verbs and their properties compiled by the author, who also bases his review of this subject on the well known lexique-grammaire created under the direction of the late Professor Maurice Gross and his researchers at the Laboratoire Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique (see Table 39 in Boons, Guillet et Leclère, 1976). The main constraints and problems are briefly reviewed and a sketch of the sub-classes is given.
01 01 JB code lis.24.18fai 06 10.1075/lis.24.18fai 195 210 16 Article 18 01 04 Une etude de corpus pour eclairer la question du verbe de l'incise en Francais Une étude de corpus pour éclairer la question du verbe de l’incise en Français 1 A01 01 JB code 358048013 Cédrick Fairon Fairon, Cédrick Cédrick Fairon 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048013 01 fre 03 00 This paper presents a corpus-based study of the class of French verbs like dire in Jean arrivera demain, dit Max, used to introduce indirect speech. We compare literary and press corpora and show that such 'comment clauses' have a different function in the two types of corpora, characterised by the use of different verbs, tenses, and punctuation marks. Our study shows that the commonly-accepted idea that the primary reporting verb is dire, and the most frequent tense is simple past, is not accurate. 01 01 JB code lis.24.19gaa 06 10.1075/lis.24.19gaa 211 221 11 Article 19 01 04 Les prepositions forment-elles une classe? Les prépositions forment-elles une classe? 1 A01 01 JB code 704048014 David Gaatone Gaatone, David David Gaatone 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/704048014 01 fre 03 00 Although a large amount of work has been done in the last two decades on French prepositions, there is still no general agreement about their definition. One first has to make a decision about the necessity of such a class, a decision which can be based on the impossibility of accounting for various syntactic constraints without referring to the notion of "preposition". The main problem in trying to define that class seems to be that most of the 40-50 words generally listed as (simple) prepositions in French grammars have some semantic content, a fact that makes it possible to consider them as subordinating connectors, while only a few, primarily de and à, have no discernible meaning in various contexts, and do not necessarily play any linking or subordinating role. The various factors, semantic, lexical, syntactic or lexico-syntactic, which can trigger the occurrence of a preposition, make it difficult if not impossible to find some feature common to all the words traditionnally called prepositions in French. 01 01 JB code lis.24.20gir 06 10.1075/lis.24.20gir 223 229 7 Article 20 01 04 Une construction tronquee du verbe faire Une construction tronquée du verbe faire 01 04 Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gate) Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gâté) 1 A01 01 JB code 15048015 Jacqueline Giry-Schneider Giry-Schneider, Jacqueline Jacqueline Giry-Schneider 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/15048015 01 fre 03 00 Expressions of the form N0 fait le N1 in French are not simply fixed expressions. There are in fact two distinct cases, differing in syntax and meaning: Max f ait l'arbitre (Max acts as referee) and Max fait l'innocent (Max plays the innocent). In this article, we characterise these two constructions, suggesting a way of solving the contradictions which occur in the second, and explain the semantic overlap between the two types. In addition to the lexical significance of these expressions (they number around 1,000) and their productivity, this study also illustrates the problem of degrees of fixedness, focussing on two types of relation between faire and être. 01 01 JB code lis.24.21gro 06 10.1075/lis.24.21gro 231 238 8 Article 21 01 04 Classes semantiques et description des langues Classes sémantiques et description des langues 1 A01 01 JB code 358048016 Gaston Gross Gross, Gaston Gaston Gross 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048016 01 fre 03 00 The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of semantic classes in the description of language. We know that most predicates are polysemous, and that each sense correlates with a particular set of arguments. We can group these arguments into semantic classes ("classes d'objets" (object classes)), so that the meaning of a predicate can be recognized automatically in context. The same can be done for predicates: the establishment of classes (or sub-classes) of "actions", "states" and "events" allows the grouping of verbs, adjectives or nominal predicates which share the same defining properties. To illustrate this, we shall describe the semantic class of "behaviour towards others". 01 01 JB code lis.24.22gue 06 10.1075/lis.24.22gue 239 252 14 Article 22 01 04 Multi-Lexemic Expressions Multi-Lexemic Expressions 01 04 an overview an overview 1 A01 01 JB code 655048017 Franz Guenthner Guenthner, Franz Franz Guenthner 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/655048017 2 A01 01 JB code 905048018 Xavier Blanco Blanco, Xavier Xavier Blanco 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905048018 01 eng 03 00 This paper presents a high-level classification of multi-word terms and discuss their encoding in electronic dictionaries. 01 01 JB code lis.24.23kay 06 10.1075/lis.24.23kay 253 273 21 Article 23 01 04 Here and There Here and There 1 A01 01 JB code 202048019 Richard S. Kayne Kayne, Richard S. Richard S. Kayne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/202048019 01 eng 03 00 Locative 'here' and 'there' are parallel to 'this here place' and 'that there place' (which contain demonstrative 'here' and 'there') except that locative 'here' and 'there' have (in the spirit of Katz and Postal (1964)) an unpronounced counterpart of 'place', and an unpronounced determiner instead of 'this'/'that'. The non-locative 'there' of sentences like 'He spoke thereof (widely found in Germanic) is also, when looked at from the right perspective, to be considered an instance of this demonstrative 'there' (and similarly for 'here'). 01 01 JB code lis.24.24kie 06 10.1075/lis.24.24kie 275 285 11 Article 24 01 04 Sur l'ordre des adjectifs Sur l’ordre des adjectifs 1 A01 01 JB code 344048020 Ferenc Kiefer Kiefer, Ferenc Ferenc Kiefer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/344048020 01 fre 03 00 The present paper discusses the neutral order of attributive adjectives in French. It starts out with a semantic classification of adjectives, which is based on both syntactic and semantic criteria. The following main types of adjectives are distinguished: (i) absolute adjectives, (ii) relative adjectives, (iii) complex relative adjectives and (iv) irregular adjectives. Within (i) and (ii) further subtypes are discussed. It is claimed that irregular adjectives are semantically more complex than complex relative adjectives, the latter are more complex than relative adjectives, which, in turn, are more complex than absolute adjectives. It is also shown that among the relative adjectives measure adjectives are semantically less complex than evaluative adjectives. A similar complexity hierarchy can be established within the various subclasses of absolute adjectives. The main claim of the paper is that the neutral order of adjectives reflects the hierarchy of semantic complexity: the more complex the adjective is the more peripheral the position will be which it occupies in the sequence of attributive adjectives. 01 01 JB code lis.24.25kle 06 10.1075/lis.24.25kle 287 299 13 Article 25 01 04 Anaphores associatives Anaphores associatives 01 04 du large a l'etroit du large à l’étroit 1 A01 01 JB code 75048021 Georges Kleiber Kleiber, Georges Georges Kleiber 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/75048021 01 fre 01 01 JB code lis.24.26kur 06 10.1075/lis.24.26kur 303 311 9 Article 26 01 04 Tree pruning Tree pruning 1 A01 01 JB code 467048022 S.-Y. Kuroda Kuroda, S.-Y. S.-Y. Kuroda 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/467048022 01 eng 03 00 This paper was originally written in 1965. It introduces two principles that determine the derivation of surface structure constituent trees from underlying deep structure trees. The first principle specifies that a non-branching node is eliminated, unless it is a preterminal node directly dominating a lexical item. The second principle is that if the head of a phrase is deleted, the nodes of the phrase dominating the head are eliminated. How to derive reasonable surface trees from underlying trees in a principled manner is much concern in Japanese syntax: due to the agglutinative character of the language under-lyingly complex sentences can become simple sentences at the surface level. 01 01 JB code lis.24.27lab 06 10.1075/lis.24.27lab 313 324 12 Article 27 01 04 Lexiques-grammaires compares Lexiques-grammaires comparés 01 04 Quelques observations sur des differences syntaxiques en francais de France et du Quebec Quelques observations sur des différences syntaxiques en français de France et du Québec 1 A01 01 JB code 748048023 Jacques Labelle Labelle, Jacques Jacques Labelle 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/748048023 01 fre 03 00 This paper deals with the representation of linguistic differences between varieties of french language, french of Quebec and french of France. Quebec french has a lot of linguistic particularities and presents many differences of uses, including lexicon and grammatical properties.
It is an illustration of the application of the theory of lexicon-grammar that appears to be a very efficient tool for doing linguistic comparison, involving, particularly, the syntactic features of the lexicon.
01 01 JB code lis.24.28fau 06 10.1075/lis.24.28fau 325 341 17 Article 28 01 04 Italian People at Work Italian People at Work 01 04 Jobs in Lexical Syntax Jobs in Lexical Syntax 1 A01 01 JB code 157048024 Nunzio Fauci Fauci, Nunzio Nunzio Fauci 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/157048024 2 A01 01 JB code 968048025 Ignazio Mauro Mirto Mirto, Ignazio Mauro Ignazio Mauro Mirto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/968048025 01 eng 03 00 Italian is the only major Romance language featuring a clause type exclusively devoted to expressing people's jobs. This type, the Job-fare-Construction (JFC), is constructed with a human subject and the verb fare 'do' followed by an obligatorily definite noun. The JFC has thus the appearance of a transitive clause. This paper provides numerous arguments for treating the post-verbal noun as a predicate rather than a direct object and for analysing the JFC as an intransitive in which fare works as a support verb. The JFC has then been compared to a copulative construction that also allows to express people's jobs. It has been shown that the former cannot be considered a doublet of the latter because the two clause-types differ both syntactically and semantically. Within the analysis we suggest, the JFC results from a reduction process alternately operating on two classifying nouns that simultaneously work as noun predicates. 01 01 JB code lis.24.29lam 06 10.1075/lis.24.29lam 343 371 29 Article 29 01 04 La structure de la phrase en francais de Belgique La structure de la phrase en français de Belgique 1 A01 01 JB code 530048026 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/530048026 2 A01 01 JB code 718048027 Jean René Klein Klein, Jean René Jean René Klein 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/718048027 01 fre 03 00 The paper aims at analyzing about 500 verbs that typically belong to Belgian French, according to the principles of the lexicon-grammar set forth by Maurice Gross. Four categories are distinguished, viz. verbs that are totally unknown in France, e.g. loanwords from Dutch (20 %), verbs that sound archaic in France (2 %), verbs that are common in France but with a different meaning, the so-called "faux amis" (8 %) and verbs that are used in France but with a different syntactic construction (70 %). Each Belgian verb is ascribed to a syntactic class, based on the (in)transitive character of the verb, the absence/ presence of a prepositional complement, etc. The Belgian verbs are thus classified in 33 different classes, the largest of which correspond to transitive structures with two arguments, viz. subject and direct object. Two major findings of the paper are that Belgian French differs more from the French spoken in France than is usually assumed, and that the differences not only concern lexical matters, but, maybe more importantly, syntactic differences. 01 01 JB code lis.24.30lap 06 10.1075/lis.24.30lap 373 388 16 Article 30 01 04 Restructuration and the subject of adjectives Restructuration and the subject of adjectives 1 A01 01 JB code 15048028 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/15048028 01 eng 03 00 The distribution of the subject of adjectives in French is particularly difficult to represent in a lexicon-grammar, because of the numerous restructurations of the subject. In addition, the description of subject distribution is connected with the separation of senses and the description of the complements in the adjectival sentence. Thus, it is a fundamental issue. We identify several situations where it seems possible to choose a satisfactory strategy. We discuss this organization through various examples of adjectives. 01 01 JB code lis.24.31lec 06 10.1075/lis.24.31lec 389 404 16 Article 31 01 04 Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases 01 04 une approche formelle une approche formelle 1 A01 01 JB code 685048029 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/685048029 2 A01 01 JB code 954048030 Jacqueline Brisbois Brisbois, Jacqueline Jacqueline Brisbois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/954048030 01 fre 03 00 Classes of synonyms are typically established according to the criterion that the rest of the sentence in which they can alternate remains the same; that is, the structure does not change and the various elements remain in the same place. This approach recognises the synonymy between, for example, accueillir and recevoir.
Londres accueille/reçoit le Premier ministre français
(London welcomes/receives the French Prime Minister)
but not between these verbs and se rendre, in spite of the fact that the sentence:
Le Premier ministre français s'est rendu à Londres
(The French Prime Minister went to London)
contains almost the same information (the elements being the same, but their syntactic position having changed). To extend the notion of synonymy to allow for this syntactic variability, it is necessary to know, for each verb construction, the different positions that the associated nouns may occupy, and their respective semantic roles. The exhaustive syntactic classification of verbs established at LADL makes such an approach possible.
01 01 JB code lis.24.32lee 06 10.1075/lis.24.32lee 405 412 8 Article 32 01 04 Les aventures de Max et Eve, j'ai aime Les aventures de Max et Eve, j’ai aimé 01 04 A propos d'un C.O.D. "Canada Dry" À propos d’un C.O.D. “Canada Dry” 1 A01 01 JB code 235048031 Danielle Leeman Leeman, Danielle Danielle Leeman 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/235048031 01 fre 03 00 It is generally considered that in French, unlike English, the phenomenon of topica-lisation applied to a direct object, as in This book, I have read, does not exist. In fact, constructions such as this are common in oral language and are also encountered in written language. I shall nevertheless show that, appearances to the contrary, in a sentence such as La tarte, j'ai aimé, the NP la tarte is not a direct object and that, in consequence, this construction is not an instance of topicalisation (it should be recalled that the canonical example of topicalisation is Le chocolat, j'aime). My demonstration is based on comparisons between the orthographic, intonational, distributive and syntactic properties of utterances such as La tarte, j'ai aimé and Trois enfants, j'ai eus. 01 01 JB code lis.24.33mac 06 10.1075/lis.24.33mac 413 421 9 Article 33 01 04 Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 528048032 Peter A. Machonis Machonis, Peter A. Peter A. Machonis 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/528048032 01 eng 03 00 This article explores the use of three light or support verbs of English, give, make, and have, as they co-occur with the nominalizations associated with the class of English neutral verbs (537 verbs). Neutrality, also known as the ergative construction or the causative alternation, is present when the following equation holds:
N0 V N1 ↔ N1 V
For example, the verb in the following two sentences is considered neutral:
Max chimes the bell ↔ The bell chimes
Certain neutral verbs undergo nominalization and may occur with support verbs, as in the following examples:
Max gave the bell a chime
Max made a chime
with the bell
The bell made a chime
The bell has a loud chime

Prepositional phrases associated with nominalizations of these neutral verbs are also briefly examined. The appearance of these nominals with the various support verbs and prepositional phrases is shown to be highly idiosyncratic. This reinforces the notion that transformations associated with verbs can be best described on an individual basis and gives further evidence for building a formal lexicon or lexicon-grammar.
01 01 JB code lis.24.34ran 06 10.1075/lis.24.34ran 423 438 16 Article 34 01 04 Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 138048033 Elisabete Ranchhod Ranchhod, Elisabete Elisabete Ranchhod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/138048033 01 eng 03 00 The notion of auxiliary verbs and their role is discussed within Z. S. Harris' transformational framework. Following Maurice Gross' proposals, the traditional approach to the subject, usually limited to verbal combinations, is extended to adjectival and nominal constructions. Such an approach to auxiliaries leads one to generalize the notion of auxiliary verb and to propose that aspectual verbs should have a syntactic status identical to that of tense auxiliaries; furthermore, it allows a coherent description of the aspectual verbs complementation.
The empirical basis of the analysis is constituted mainly by data from Portuguese but references to other languages are also made.
01 01 JB code lis.24.35mul 06 10.1075/lis.24.35mul 439 453 15 Article 35 01 04 A propos de [pc-z.] À propos de [pc-z.] 1 A01 01 JB code 935048034 Claude Muller Muller, Claude Claude Muller 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/935048034 01 fre 03 00 French completives introduced by ce que are limited to prepositional complements, with two peculiar properties: the preposition, unlike adverbs, cannot be understood as an antecedent for the completive; the preposition does not need a consistant argument for its complementation. Among these constructions, only a very limited list authorizes a direct completive complementation with indirect interpretation – what was studied by Maurice Gross under the name [pc z.]. We analyse this property as the result of:
- the recoverability of the meaning of the preposition;
- the appositive ability of que (what we call +/- genitif);
- a semantic filter favoring a mental or psychological interpretation of the completive.
01 01 JB code lis.24.36nam 06 10.1075/lis.24.36nam 455 469 15 Article 36 01 04 Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 280048035 Jeesun Nam Nam, Jeesun Jeesun Nam 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/280048035 01 eng 03 00 Any system that aims to automatically process a natural language should first be equipped with a well-constructed electronic lexicon. An electronic lexicon is a large-scale database that contains all linguistic information a machine requires, i.e. inflectional, derivational, syntactic and some reliable semantic information. To build a systematic lexicon of simple verbs, several linguistic criteria should be considered. This study constitutes a preliminary step in the construction of a syntactic lexicon of Korean verbs. In section 2, we consider the problem of hada (to do) sequences, which raises the contentions of distinguishing between a simple verb and a verb phrase in Korean. In section 3, we discuss the derivational entries and complex forms: how to handle these items is not a simple question in a machine-readable lexicon. Section 4 covers the treatment of some incomplete forms in the lexicon. Finally, in the last section, we outline the direction of future work. To construct a reliable electronic lexicon, the morphosyntactic characteristics of all lexical entries have to be described in a systematic and exhaustive way. Only then can we expect to expand the list by consulting large-scale corpora. The results obtained by lexicon-grammar studies will play a significant role in the construction of a systematic electronic database, indispensable in any computational application area. 01 01 JB code lis.24.37oga 06 10.1075/lis.24.37oga 471 484 14 Article 37 01 04 Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver 1 A01 01 JB code 607048036 Kozué Ogata Ogata, Kozué Kozué Ogata 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048036 01 fre 03 00 This paper examines the relationship between the directional locative and dative in the constructions of the verb arriver in French. These elements have points in common: semantically, they are both directional, syntactically, they can have the forme à N. Comparing two types of constructions for arriver: the locative and non-locative, we observe different co-occurrence restrictions between the dative and locative (directional and non-directional) in these constructions. Our analysis shows us that the dative and the directional locative are mutually exclusive, in that a verb can only take one directional object which is strongly related to it. The locative and the dative appear to be compatible in cases where the former is included by the latter, because according to the hierarchy between them the dative has a priority over the directional locative when they are in the same construction. 01 01 JB code lis.24.38pio 06 10.1075/lis.24.38pio 485 496 12 Article 38 01 04 La conjonction meme si n'existe pas! La conjonction même si n’existe pas! 1 A01 01 JB code 954048037 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/954048037 01 fre 03 00 In this paper, we reject the usual definition of même si (even if) as single conjunction and meaning as 'concessive' one. Même si share similar syntactico-semantic properties with 'conditional', but not 'concessive', (class of) conjunctions. In fact, même si is a conjunctive phrase including the si (if) conditional conjunction and the appropriate conditional-conjunction modifier: même (even). 'Concessive' effect is due to même insertion.
Meaning of même si has been refined into two semantic interpretation subcategories according to paraphrastic conditional conjunctive phrases: même à (la) condition [que P] or même dans l'hypothèse [où P].
01 01 JB code lis.24.39pos 06 10.1075/lis.24.39pos 497 508 12 Article 39 01 04 A Remark on English Double Negatives A Remark on English Double Negatives 1 A01 01 JB code 280048038 Paul M. Postal Postal, Paul M. Paul M. Postal 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/280048038 01 eng 03 00 This article claims that there are two partially distinct analyses for English no forms like no dog, nothing, no one, no philosopher. Each analysis involves recognition of a syntactic negative + a determiner some as a representation of no; but one analysis involves a second syntactic negative as well. It is suggested that a factually viable version of the traditional English prescriptive rule banning two or more instances of no forms in a single clause must distinguish the two distinct analyses. For while e.g. No gorilla wrote no symphony is indeed ungrammatical on a reading with weak stress on the second no, where it means No gorilla wrote any symphony, it is grammatical on a reading with strong stress ont the second no. This reading is equivalent to Every gorilla wrote some symphony, taken here to instantiate the double negative (hence logically positive) reading of the second no. A variety of arguments are presented to support the view that the grammatical status of the two no forms of the grammatical reading have distinct structures and various implications and problems arising from this conclusion are briefly considered. 01 01 JB code lis.24.40rab 06 10.1075/lis.24.40rab 509 516 8 Article 40 01 04 Deverbatif et diathese en malgache Déverbatif et diathèse en malgache 1 A01 01 JB code 545048039 Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina Rabenilaina, Roger-Bruno Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/545048039 01 fre 03 00 The nominalization or [Support] associate a sentence S2 which has nominal predicate with a sentence S1 which has verbal predicate by means of a Suppport verb. It concerns the non diathetic transformation, defined negatively as opposed to the diathetic transformation or [Diathesis]. The latter consist of focussing on the complement which is followed by the change of the voice of the verb and the link of the subject N0 transposed to the verb with the help of the enclitic preposition -na. But, the formation of derivatives called deverbal nouns calls out the nominalization as well as the diathetic transfomation. Such elements both behave like nouns and like verbs. So, as noun, a deverbal noun like fanasàna (washing) represents the head of the nominal group: Ny fanasàn'i Be ny fiara amin'ny vovo-tsavony (The washing of the car with the soap powder by Be), which can be derived from the active sentence in the present by [Support]: Manàsa ny fiara amin 'ny vovo-tsavony i Be (Be washes the car with the soap powder). But, as verb, the same deverbal noun fanasàna (act of washing habitually) represents the predicate of a sentence expressing the habitual action: Fanasàn 'i Be ny fiara ny vovo-tsavony (The soap powder is with which Be washes habitually the car), which can be derived from the habitual active sentence by [Diathesis]: Mpanàsa ny fiara amin 'ny vovo-tsavony i Be (Be washes habitually the car with the soap powder). The title implies then that in Malagasy the deverbal noun is categorially ambivalent: it concernes both a noun derived from a verb and a verb that the diathesis is marked. 01 01 JB code lis.24.41rah 06 10.1075/lis.24.41rah 517 526 10 Article 41 01 04 Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions 1 A01 01 JB code 358048040 Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona Raharinirina Rabaovololona, Lucie Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048040 2 A01 01 JB code 75048041 Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony Ralalaoherivony, Baholisoa Simone Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/75048041 01 fre 03 00 As a visiting professor at the Department of Malagasy Studies at the University of Antananarivo in 1989, Maurice Gross gave an unprecedented impetus to the descriptive study of the Malagasy language. He contributed so much, mainly through the development of Lexicon-Grammar, that we have him to thank for one state doctoral thesis, four new doctoral theses, thirteen DEA theses, eleven CAPEN theses, and several dissertations or master's theses. The following achievements, completed by members of the DIFP (Interdisciplinary and Vocational Training Department) benefited particularly from his help: Lexique-grammaire du malgache. Constructions transitives et intransitives by Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina (1987), Lexique-grammaire des composés du malgache. Les adverbes de temps, by Lucie Raharinirina-Rabaovololona (1991) and Lexique-grammaire du malgache. Constructions adjectivales by Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony (1995).
Thanks to this progress in Lexicon-Grammar, the DIFP team was able to launch projects in fields with a more applied focus. These include Lexicology, Terminology and Translation. The new insights and tools offered by Lexicon-Grammar brought about tremendous developments in those fields. In addition, there is continuity in our fundamental linguistic activity: the research into Lexicon-Grammar is the common interest of the members of DIFP.
For all this, we are most grateful to Maurice Gross.
01 01 JB code lis.24.42ren 06 10.1075/lis.24.42ren 527 545 19 Article 42 01 04 Shall we hors d'oeuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English Shall we hors d’œuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English 1 A01 01 JB code 437048042 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/437048042 01 eng 03 00 The dialects of the region now known as France have been contributing words and idioms to the English language for the last millennium. These Gallicisms serve a number of purposes, from filling lacunae, to associating the writer with French sophistication and style, to creating particular stylistic effects in writing and speech. This study takes a subset of established Gallicisms, which are formally and stylistically capable of evoking Frenchness, and examines their linguistic treatment in English. Sometimes they are used just as they are in French. Some uses are simply inaccurate by French standards: in relation to gender and number agreement, and to spelling. Other uses are unconventional by French standards but represent the standard English practices of modifying foreign loans to fit English norms; these include the possible conflation of formal and orthographic variants of a Gallic phrase, the tendency to employ a word across a range of grammatical and syntactic classes, and the use of word play. The study concludes with the impressionistic observation that English seems to assimilate French as much as modern French is 'invaded' by English. 01 01 JB code lis.24.43ros 06 10.1075/lis.24.43ros 547 559 13 Article 43 01 04 The Syntax of Emphasis -- A Base Camp The Syntax of Emphasis — A Base Camp 1 A01 01 JB code 718048043 Háj Ross Ross, Háj Háj Ross 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/718048043 01 eng 03 00 This paper attempts a survey of the major emphatic constructions in English, and of the processes which derive them from a proposed bisentential source. The source for a garden-variety pseudocleft sentence like What Jeb hankers for is a smooth transition is argued to be What Jeb hankers for is he hankers for a smooth transition – the rule of Pseudocleft Formation, which is optional for some speakers, deletes the redundant struck-through elements. Whether this ellipsis has occurred or not, a rule of Copula Switch can apply to transform the post-copular constituent into the subject of the resulting sentence: He hankers for a smooth transition is what Jeb hankers for. Copula-switched or not, and deleted or not, the subjects of all such pseudoclefts can be Deictic Dislocated, freely to the left, less so to the right. The returning pronouns which emerge in the course of these operations are the demonstratives that and this. Some examples of the resultant structures are: What Jeb hankers for- [that / this] is (? he hankers for a smooth transition); *[That /This] is (** he hankers for a smooth transition) - what Jeb hankers for; He hankers for a smooth transition - [that/ > this] is what Jeb hankers for; [This / >?That] is what Jeb hankers for - he hankers for a smooth transition . Akmajian's motion to derive cleft sentences from pseudoclefts is seconded, and it is argued that Deictic Dislocation can provide some evidence for the correctness of such an analysis, in the face of apparent counterexamples to it. Thus, since What Tony regretted was [the pizza / that Mildred loved Baryshnikov] are both grammatical, we would expect both clefts to be. But: It was [the pizza / *that Mildred loved Baryshnikov] that Tony regretted. However, left-dislocating both foci yields two good clauses: [The pizza / That Mildred loved Baryshnikov] – it was that that Tony regretted. Thus we conclude that the ungrammaticality of the clefted that-clause is merely due to a violation of a surface filter. 01 01 JB code lis.24.44sal 06 10.1075/lis.24.44sal 561 571 11 Article 44 01 04 Verbs of Mental States Verbs of Mental States 1 A01 01 JB code 94048044 Morris Salkoff Salkoff, Morris Morris Salkoff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94048044 01 eng 03 00 This article is a summary of a longer investigation of the so-called psych verbs that have been much studied in the literature. I have defined a psych verb as one that takes a complement clause subject that S and Nh, a human noun object. These are sentences like That John was so stingy (troubled + annoyed) Helen. It turns out that psych verbs so defined are heterogeneous: one group refers to a change in the mental state of Nh, a second to a change in the physical state of Nh, and a third group refers to no change of state at all in Nh. Some of these verbs take an optional or required particle, e.g., calm takes down optionally, but only bowl over is a psych verb as defined here. Others do not appear with Nh, but rather with a noun referring to some mental state of Nh, as in That the officer treated his men so curtly blunted (*them + their morale). A lexical study of these verbs shows that there are more than 600 in English. Various syntactic properties of these groups of psych verbs have been studied, and the results have been collected into a table, an extract of which is appended here. 01 01 JB code lis.24.45sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.45sch 573 580 8 Article 45 01 04 Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques 1 A01 01 JB code 374048045 Sanford A. Schane Schane, Sanford A. Sanford A. Schane 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/374048045 01 fre 03 00 Within the syllable I look at the properties of diphthongs, defined as a glide and adjacent vowel. Both halves of a diphthong may occur within the nucleus of a syllable, or else only the vowel part is in the nucleus whereas the glide component functions as part of the onset or coda. This distinction is phonological and not necessarily phonetic and leads to a distinction between vocalic diphthongs and consonantal diphthongs. From this perspective, the diphthongs of English, French, and Spanish are examined. I provide criteria for distinguishing the two types of diphthongs. However, at times these criteria may be in conflict: the solution to this paradox is to be found through a constraint against syllables with no onset.
A preliminary version of this study was presented at a conference dealing with syllables at the Université de Nantes, March 25-27, 1999. I thank the participants at that conference for their comments.
01 01 JB code lis.24.46sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.46sch 581 588 8 Article 46 01 04 Time in Language -- Language in Time Time in Language — Language in Time 01 04 A Leibnizian Perspective A Leibnizian Perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 607048046 Helmut Schnelle Schnelle, Helmut Helmut Schnelle 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048046 01 eng 03 00 Ordinary language is not determined by a single and unique system. Just as a biological organism, its interrelated systems of form and meaning are developing as a multi-system, even in conceptual areas which, to the scientific mind, seem to be highly systematic, such as time. A closer study reveals there to be a multiplicity of temporalities, which are appropriate and put to use in a variety of circumstances. If the logician and epistemo-logist complains that "our ordinary language shows a tiresome bias in its treatment of time" and thinks that "this bias is of itself an inelegance or breach of theoretical simplicity" (cf. Quine 1960:170), he shows that he does not understand the organizational framework of the languages' efficiency. 01 01 JB code lis.24.47sil 06 10.1075/lis.24.47sil 589 600 12 Article 47 01 04 Reconnaissance des determinants francais Reconnaissance des déterminants français 1 A01 01 JB code 875048047 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/875048047 01 fre 03 00 This article describes the implementation of a large-coverage description of French determiners and predeterminers, that includes simple words such as le, compounds such as la plupart des, and more complex sequences such as toute une partie de ce groupe de. The grammar is available in the form of a library of over one hundred INTEX graphs. Its organization follows as closely as possible the classification of the determiners described by Maurice Gross in Syntaxe du nom, 1986.
Using INTEX graphs to represent syntactic constraints on the grammatical words that constitute determiners presents several advantages over using two-dimension lexicon-grammar tables, especially in terms of legibility.
I show also that the difficult problem of describing recursive determiners and their constraints (e.g. in un groupe de groupes d'amis) is naturally described by recursive graphs. This library can be compiled into a (non-recursive) minimal deterministic finite-state automaton that contains over 1,000 states and 25,000 transitions.
01 01 JB code lis.24.48tsu 06 10.1075/lis.24.48tsu 601 611 11 Article 48 01 04 Essai d'interpretation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire Essai d’interprétation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire 1 A01 01 JB code 217048048 Yoichiro Tsuruga Tsuruga, Yoichiro Yoichiro Tsuruga 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217048048 01 fre 03 00 In French, there are verbs that permit an interesting correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N2 Loc N1 (Loc: a locative preposition). The correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N2 V N1 is very close (84.0 %): 743 of 884 verbs), and so is the one between N0 V N1 avec N2 and N2 V N1 (88.1 % : 516 of 586 verbs) and the one between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N1 avec N2 (66.3 %: 586 of 884 verbs). Different combinations of the four constructions N0 V N1 de N2, N0 V N2 Loc N1, N0 V N1 avec N2 and N2 V N1 variously account for the verbs taking N0 V N1 de N2. The verbs that accept the three former constructions but refuse only the fourth are very exceptional (1.5 % : 13 of 884 verbs), while those that refuse only the second are more numerous (46.2 %). The correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N2 Loc N1 is in fact the least frequent (21.4 %). There are clear semantic and functional factors that control these tendencies. The tight correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N2 V N1, for example, indicates clearly that the element functioning as the "materials" relation, with de, can also function very easily as subject of the same verb. It is important to try to bring out such fundamental functional information in the "Lexique-Grammaire" tables. 01 01 JB code lis.24.49ver 06 10.1075/lis.24.49ver 613 627 15 Article 49 01 04 Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 485048049 Jean-Roger Vergnaud Vergnaud, Jean-Roger Jean-Roger Vergnaud 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/485048049 2 A01 01 JB code 685048050 María Luisa Zubizarreta Zubizarreta, María Luisa María Luisa Zubizarreta 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/685048050 01 eng 03 00 This article argues that meaning must be analyzed in terms of a notion of description. That notion is taken to apply quite generally beyond the language faculty to other cognitive and perceptual modalities. Descriptions are gathered into families, each family having the structure of a semilattice. The semilattice connective corresponds to the and connective of natural language. One distinguishes between pure descriptions and mixed descriptions: a mixed description obtains when pure descriptions are conjoined by means of Boole's connective +, corresponding to the exclusive or of natural language. To illustrate, the description associated with a yes-no question is a mixed description, and so is the description associated with such determiners as English any or English wh-. The connective + is naturally extended to families of descriptions. In turn, mixed descriptions may themselves be arranged into families, with each family having the (really dual) semilattice structure of a family of pure descriptions. Finally, descriptions may be related by the connective IF-THEN. That connective is construed as a mapping between mixed descriptions. In particular, the focus structure of an utterance is defined in terms of that connective. Given a description UXW with subdescription X, X is the focus of UXW iff. the relation IF X is a description of t, THEN UtW is a description hold. The approach adopted ultimately derives from Chomsky's critical appraisal of theories of meaning that rely on some notion of "reference to a world"; see Chomsky (1992, 2000). 01 01 JB code lis.24.50vit 06 10.1075/lis.24.50vit 629 639 11 Article 50 01 04 Morphologie derivationnelle et mots simples Morphologie dérivationnelle et mots simples 01 04 Le cas du serbo-croate Le cas du serbo-croate 1 A01 01 JB code 610051520 Duško Vitas Vitas, Duško Duško Vitas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/610051520 01 fre 03 00 The traditional representation of nominal inflection in Serbo-Croatian lexicography cannot link the entries between which a close derivational relationship exists. In the dictionary, this relationship is usually expressed by a stereotyped definition that is based on the meaning of the basic entry. Two types of nominal modifiers of this kind are discussed in this paper: modifiers for gender mutation and modifiers for amplification (formation of diminutives and augmentatives). It is shown that both modifiers form the new noun from the initial one according to the same model and in the way that the nominal inflective class is described. The extension of the traditional nominal class can thus be seen as a tuple of the elementary morphographemic classes that describe the derivations of the basic entry. The consequences of such an extension of the nominal inflective class to the development of the electronic dictionaries of simple words DELAS and DELAF are examined. 01 01 JB code lis.24.51viv 06 10.1075/lis.24.51viv 641 647 7 Article 51 01 04 Une grille d'analyse pour les predicats nominaux Une grille d’analyse pour les prédicats nominaux 1 A01 01 JB code 38051521 Robert Vivès Vivès, Robert Robert Vivès 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/38051521 01 fre 03 00 This contribution deals with lexical, syntactic and semantic features used by researchers of the « Laboratoire de Linguistique Informatique » for decribing the most relevant proper-ties of predicative nouns in the frame of the « classes d'objets » approach. Grids of two different semantic classes of predicative nouns are presented as examples. 01 01 JB code lis.24.52pub 06 10.1075/lis.24.52pub 649 659 11 Miscellaneous 52 01 04 Publications de Maurice Gross Publications de Maurice Gross 01 04 Bibliographie etablie par Takuya Nakamura Bibliographie établie par Takuya Nakamura 01 fre
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/lis.24 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20040729 C 2004 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2004 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027231345 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027285393 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 135.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 113.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 203.00 USD
816013561 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LIS 24 GE 15 9789027285393 06 10.1075/lis.24 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code LIS 02 JB code 0165-7569 02 24.00 01 02 Lingvisticae Investigationes Supplementa Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa 01 01 Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar 1 B01 01 JB code 513009705 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère LADL, CNRS 2 B01 01 JB code 733009704 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte Univ. de Marne-la-Vallée 3 B01 01 JB code 717009706 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot Université de Grenoble 3 4 B01 01 JB code 890009707 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein IBM Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY 01 eng 11 681 03 03 xxii 03 00 659 03 24 JB code TERM.LEX Lexicography 24 JB code LIN.NLP Natural language processing 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 01 06 03 00 Maurice Gross, who died in December 2001, was a pioneer and leading thinker in the field of modern linguistics. Long before computers could facilitate large-scale, lexically-based language study, he and his team began building an exhaustive, empirically-based inventory of the "lexicon-grammar" of French which, thirty years later, still remains the most complete syntax-based lexicon available. Researchers all over the world have adopted the Gross model of description, which serves as a computational model for any language. As can be seen in the contributions in this volume, it has been applied to languages as different as Arabic, Chinese, English, Greek or Korean (as well as the major Romance languages, of course). In this volume the reader will also find a number of articles by eminent linguists who were close friends of Maurice Gross, and frequently in dialogue with him on linguistic issues. No matter whether they shared his theoretical views, or his particular empirical methods of description, they each had great respect for his work, especially for the close-grained linguistic analysis which has set a benchmark for future generations. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/lis.24.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027231345.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027231345.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/lis.24.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/lis.24.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 JB code lis.24.01for 06 10.1075/lis.24.01for xi xxii 12 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 01 JB code lis.24.02che 06 10.1075/lis.24.02che 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Entretien avec Maurice Gross Entretien avec Maurice Gross 1 A01 01 JB code 30047994 Jean-Claude Chevalier Chevalier, Jean-Claude Jean-Claude Chevalier 01 01 JB code lis.24.03ana 06 10.1075/lis.24.03ana 11 22 12 Article 3 01 04 Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne 1 A01 01 JB code 45047995 Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anastassiadis-Syméonidis, Anna Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis 01 01 JB code lis.24.04bal 06 10.1075/lis.24.04bal 23 29 7 Article 4 01 04 Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales 01 04 Note sur le semi-figement Note sur le semi-figement 1 A01 01 JB code 452047996 Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti Balibar-Mrabti, Antoinette Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti 01 01 JB code lis.24.05bap 06 10.1075/lis.24.05bap 31 40 10 Article 5 01 04 Instrument Nouns and Fusion Instrument Nouns and Fusion 01 04 Predicative nouns designating violent actions Predicative nouns designating violent actions 1 A01 01 JB code 890047997 Jorge Baptista Baptista, Jorge Jorge Baptista 01 01 JB code lis.24.06shy 06 10.1075/lis.24.06shy 41 50 10 Article 6 01 04 La constitution d'une concordance de verbes de l'ancien francais La constitution d’une concordance de verbes de l’ancien français 1 A01 01 JB code 217047998 Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 01 01 JB code lis.24.07bor 06 10.1075/lis.24.07bor 51 62 12 Article 7 01 04 Les adjectifs derives de noms de parties du corps dans les textes medicaux Les adjectifs dérivés de noms de parties du corps dans les textes médicaux 1 A01 01 JB code 485047999 Andrée Borillo Borillo, Andrée Andrée Borillo 01 01 JB code lis.24.08cha 06 10.1075/lis.24.08cha 63 77 15 Article 8 01 04 A propos des phrases transitives en arabe À propos des phrases transitives en arabe 01 04 Sur quelques criteres de reconnaissance des objets directs Sur quelques critères de reconnaissance des objets directs 1 A01 01 JB code 778048000 Mohamed Chad Chad, Mohamed Mohamed Chad 01 01 JB code lis.24.09tin 06 10.1075/lis.24.09tin 79 89 11 Article 9 01 04 Etude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois Étude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois 1 A01 01 JB code 172048001 Cheng Ting-Au Ting-Au, Cheng Cheng Ting-Au 01 01 JB code lis.24.10con 06 10.1075/lis.24.10con 91 103 13 Article 10 01 04 Principes d'analyse automatique des proverbes Principes d’analyse automatique des proverbes 1 A01 01 JB code 500048002 Mirella Conenna Conenna, Mirella Mirella Conenna 01 01 JB code lis.24.11cor 06 10.1075/lis.24.11cor 105 111 7 Article 11 01 04 Sur la valeur de l' << incise >> et sa postposition Sur la valeur de l’ « incise » et sa postposition 01 04 Signe mimique et << style indirect libre >> Signe mimique et « style indirect libre » 1 A01 01 JB code 778048003 Benoît Cornulier Cornulier, Benoît Benoît Cornulier 01 01 JB code lis.24.12cou 06 10.1075/lis.24.12cou 113 123 11 Article 12 01 04 Dictionnaires electroniques DELAF anglais et francais Dictionnaires électroniques DELAF anglais et français 1 A01 01 JB code 857048004 Blandine Courtois Courtois, Blandine Blandine Courtois 01 01 JB code lis.24.13dag 06 10.1075/lis.24.13dag 125 136 12 Article 13 01 04 Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 138048005 Emilio D’Agostino D’Agostino, Emilio Emilio D’Agostino 2 A01 01 JB code 407048006 Annibale Elia Elia, Annibale Annibale Elia 3 A01 01 JB code 607048007 Simonetta Vietri Vietri, Simonetta Simonetta Vietri 01 01 JB code lis.24.14dan 06 10.1075/lis.24.14dan 137 153 17 Article 14 01 04 Coreference evenementielle entre deux phrases Coréférence événementielle entre deux phrases 1 A01 01 JB code 905048008 Laurence Danlos Danlos, Laurence Laurence Danlos 01 01 JB code lis.24.15dou 06 10.1075/lis.24.15dou 155 174 20 Article 15 01 04 Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences 01 04 Can it, plan it, or planet? Can it, plan it, or planet? 1 A01 01 JB code 310048009 Ray C. Dougherty Dougherty, Ray C. Ray C. Dougherty 01 01 JB code lis.24.16dub 06 10.1075/lis.24.16dub 175 183 9 Article 16 01 04 Les relatifs de surface Les relatifs de surface 1 A01 01 JB code 545048010 Jean Dubois Dubois, Jean Jean Dubois 2 A01 01 JB code 797048011 Francoise Dubois-Charlier Dubois-Charlier, Francoise Francoise Dubois-Charlier 01 01 JB code lis.24.17dug 06 10.1075/lis.24.17dug 185 193 9 Article 17 01 04 Les attributs du complement d'objet Les attributs du complément d’objet 1 A01 01 JB code 94048012 André Dugas Dugas, André André Dugas 01 01 JB code lis.24.18fai 06 10.1075/lis.24.18fai 195 210 16 Article 18 01 04 Une etude de corpus pour eclairer la question du verbe de l'incise en Francais Une étude de corpus pour éclairer la question du verbe de l’incise en Français 1 A01 01 JB code 358048013 Cédrick Fairon Fairon, Cédrick Cédrick Fairon 01 01 JB code lis.24.19gaa 06 10.1075/lis.24.19gaa 211 221 11 Article 19 01 04 Les prepositions forment-elles une classe? Les prépositions forment-elles une classe? 1 A01 01 JB code 704048014 David Gaatone Gaatone, David David Gaatone 01 01 JB code lis.24.20gir 06 10.1075/lis.24.20gir 223 229 7 Article 20 01 04 Une construction tronquee du verbe faire Une construction tronquée du verbe faire 01 04 Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gate) Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gâté) 1 A01 01 JB code 15048015 Jacqueline Giry-Schneider Giry-Schneider, Jacqueline Jacqueline Giry-Schneider 01 01 JB code lis.24.21gro 06 10.1075/lis.24.21gro 231 238 8 Article 21 01 04 Classes semantiques et description des langues Classes sémantiques et description des langues 1 A01 01 JB code 358048016 Gaston Gross Gross, Gaston Gaston Gross 01 01 JB code lis.24.22gue 06 10.1075/lis.24.22gue 239 252 14 Article 22 01 04 Multi-Lexemic Expressions Multi-Lexemic Expressions 01 04 an overview an overview 1 A01 01 JB code 655048017 Franz Guenthner Guenthner, Franz Franz Guenthner 2 A01 01 JB code 905048018 Xavier Blanco Blanco, Xavier Xavier Blanco 01 01 JB code lis.24.23kay 06 10.1075/lis.24.23kay 253 273 21 Article 23 01 04 Here and There Here and There 1 A01 01 JB code 202048019 Richard S. Kayne Kayne, Richard S. Richard S. Kayne 01 01 JB code lis.24.24kie 06 10.1075/lis.24.24kie 275 285 11 Article 24 01 04 Sur l'ordre des adjectifs Sur l’ordre des adjectifs 1 A01 01 JB code 344048020 Ferenc Kiefer Kiefer, Ferenc Ferenc Kiefer 01 01 JB code lis.24.25kle 06 10.1075/lis.24.25kle 287 299 13 Article 25 01 04 Anaphores associatives Anaphores associatives 01 04 du large a l'etroit du large à l’étroit 1 A01 01 JB code 75048021 Georges Kleiber Kleiber, Georges Georges Kleiber 01 01 JB code lis.24.26kur 06 10.1075/lis.24.26kur 303 311 9 Article 26 01 04 Tree pruning Tree pruning 1 A01 01 JB code 467048022 S.-Y. Kuroda Kuroda, S.-Y. S.-Y. Kuroda 01 01 JB code lis.24.27lab 06 10.1075/lis.24.27lab 313 324 12 Article 27 01 04 Lexiques-grammaires compares Lexiques-grammaires comparés 01 04 Quelques observations sur des differences syntaxiques en francais de France et du Quebec Quelques observations sur des différences syntaxiques en français de France et du Québec 1 A01 01 JB code 748048023 Jacques Labelle Labelle, Jacques Jacques Labelle 01 01 JB code lis.24.28fau 06 10.1075/lis.24.28fau 325 341 17 Article 28 01 04 Italian People at Work Italian People at Work 01 04 Jobs in Lexical Syntax Jobs in Lexical Syntax 1 A01 01 JB code 157048024 Nunzio Fauci Fauci, Nunzio Nunzio Fauci 2 A01 01 JB code 968048025 Ignazio Mauro Mirto Mirto, Ignazio Mauro Ignazio Mauro Mirto 01 01 JB code lis.24.29lam 06 10.1075/lis.24.29lam 343 371 29 Article 29 01 04 La structure de la phrase en francais de Belgique La structure de la phrase en français de Belgique 1 A01 01 JB code 530048026 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy 2 A01 01 JB code 718048027 Jean René Klein Klein, Jean René Jean René Klein 01 01 JB code lis.24.30lap 06 10.1075/lis.24.30lap 373 388 16 Article 30 01 04 Restructuration and the subject of adjectives Restructuration and the subject of adjectives 1 A01 01 JB code 15048028 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte 01 01 JB code lis.24.31lec 06 10.1075/lis.24.31lec 389 404 16 Article 31 01 04 Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases 01 04 une approche formelle une approche formelle 1 A01 01 JB code 685048029 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère 2 A01 01 JB code 954048030 Jacqueline Brisbois Brisbois, Jacqueline Jacqueline Brisbois 01 01 JB code lis.24.32lee 06 10.1075/lis.24.32lee 405 412 8 Article 32 01 04 Les aventures de Max et Eve, j'ai aime Les aventures de Max et Eve, j’ai aimé 01 04 A propos d'un C.O.D. "Canada Dry" À propos d’un C.O.D. “Canada Dry” 1 A01 01 JB code 235048031 Danielle Leeman Leeman, Danielle Danielle Leeman 01 01 JB code lis.24.33mac 06 10.1075/lis.24.33mac 413 421 9 Article 33 01 04 Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 528048032 Peter A. Machonis Machonis, Peter A. Peter A. Machonis 01 01 JB code lis.24.34ran 06 10.1075/lis.24.34ran 423 438 16 Article 34 01 04 Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 138048033 Elisabete Ranchhod Ranchhod, Elisabete Elisabete Ranchhod 01 01 JB code lis.24.35mul 06 10.1075/lis.24.35mul 439 453 15 Article 35 01 04 A propos de [pc-z.] À propos de [pc-z.] 1 A01 01 JB code 935048034 Claude Muller Muller, Claude Claude Muller 01 01 JB code lis.24.36nam 06 10.1075/lis.24.36nam 455 469 15 Article 36 01 04 Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 280048035 Jeesun Nam Nam, Jeesun Jeesun Nam 01 01 JB code lis.24.37oga 06 10.1075/lis.24.37oga 471 484 14 Article 37 01 04 Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver 1 A01 01 JB code 607048036 Kozué Ogata Ogata, Kozué Kozué Ogata 01 01 JB code lis.24.38pio 06 10.1075/lis.24.38pio 485 496 12 Article 38 01 04 La conjonction meme si n'existe pas! La conjonction même si n’existe pas! 1 A01 01 JB code 954048037 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot 01 01 JB code lis.24.39pos 06 10.1075/lis.24.39pos 497 508 12 Article 39 01 04 A Remark on English Double Negatives A Remark on English Double Negatives 1 A01 01 JB code 280048038 Paul M. Postal Postal, Paul M. Paul M. Postal 01 01 JB code lis.24.40rab 06 10.1075/lis.24.40rab 509 516 8 Article 40 01 04 Deverbatif et diathese en malgache Déverbatif et diathèse en malgache 1 A01 01 JB code 545048039 Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina Rabenilaina, Roger-Bruno Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina 01 01 JB code lis.24.41rah 06 10.1075/lis.24.41rah 517 526 10 Article 41 01 04 Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions 1 A01 01 JB code 358048040 Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona Raharinirina Rabaovololona, Lucie Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona 2 A01 01 JB code 75048041 Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony Ralalaoherivony, Baholisoa Simone Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony 01 01 JB code lis.24.42ren 06 10.1075/lis.24.42ren 527 545 19 Article 42 01 04 Shall we hors d'oeuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English Shall we hors d’œuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English 1 A01 01 JB code 437048042 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 01 01 JB code lis.24.43ros 06 10.1075/lis.24.43ros 547 559 13 Article 43 01 04 The Syntax of Emphasis -- A Base Camp The Syntax of Emphasis — A Base Camp 1 A01 01 JB code 718048043 Háj Ross Ross, Háj Háj Ross 01 01 JB code lis.24.44sal 06 10.1075/lis.24.44sal 561 571 11 Article 44 01 04 Verbs of Mental States Verbs of Mental States 1 A01 01 JB code 94048044 Morris Salkoff Salkoff, Morris Morris Salkoff 01 01 JB code lis.24.45sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.45sch 573 580 8 Article 45 01 04 Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques 1 A01 01 JB code 374048045 Sanford A. Schane Schane, Sanford A. Sanford A. Schane 01 01 JB code lis.24.46sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.46sch 581 588 8 Article 46 01 04 Time in Language -- Language in Time Time in Language — Language in Time 01 04 A Leibnizian Perspective A Leibnizian Perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 607048046 Helmut Schnelle Schnelle, Helmut Helmut Schnelle 01 01 JB code lis.24.47sil 06 10.1075/lis.24.47sil 589 600 12 Article 47 01 04 Reconnaissance des determinants francais Reconnaissance des déterminants français 1 A01 01 JB code 875048047 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein 01 01 JB code lis.24.48tsu 06 10.1075/lis.24.48tsu 601 611 11 Article 48 01 04 Essai d'interpretation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire Essai d’interprétation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire 1 A01 01 JB code 217048048 Yoichiro Tsuruga Tsuruga, Yoichiro Yoichiro Tsuruga 01 01 JB code lis.24.49ver 06 10.1075/lis.24.49ver 613 627 15 Article 49 01 04 Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 485048049 Jean-Roger Vergnaud Vergnaud, Jean-Roger Jean-Roger Vergnaud 2 A01 01 JB code 685048050 María Luisa Zubizarreta Zubizarreta, María Luisa María Luisa Zubizarreta 01 01 JB code lis.24.50vit 06 10.1075/lis.24.50vit 629 639 11 Article 50 01 04 Morphologie derivationnelle et mots simples Morphologie dérivationnelle et mots simples 01 04 Le cas du serbo-croate Le cas du serbo-croate 1 A01 01 JB code 610051520 Duško Vitas Vitas, Duško Duško Vitas 01 01 JB code lis.24.51viv 06 10.1075/lis.24.51viv 641 647 7 Article 51 01 04 Une grille d'analyse pour les predicats nominaux Une grille d’analyse pour les prédicats nominaux 1 A01 01 JB code 38051521 Robert Vivès Vivès, Robert Robert Vivès 01 01 JB code lis.24.52pub 06 10.1075/lis.24.52pub 649 659 11 Miscellaneous 52 01 04 Publications de Maurice Gross Publications de Maurice Gross 01 04 Bibliographie etablie par Takuya Nakamura Bibliographie établie par Takuya Nakamura 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20040729 C 2004 John Benjamins Publishing Company D 2004 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027231345 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 135.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 113.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 203.00 USD 902004568 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code LIS 24 Hb 15 9789027231345 06 10.1075/lis.24 13 2004053768 00 BB 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 1060 gr 10 01 JB code LIS 02 0165-7569 02 24.00 01 02 Lingvisticae Investigationes Supplementa Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa 01 01 Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar Papers in honour of Maurice Gross Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis & Lexicon-Grammar: Papers in honour of Maurice Gross 1 B01 01 JB code 513009705 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère LADL, CNRS 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/513009705 2 B01 01 JB code 733009704 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte Univ. de Marne-la-Vallée 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733009704 3 B01 01 JB code 717009706 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot Université de Grenoble 3 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717009706 4 B01 01 JB code 890009707 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein IBM Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/890009707 01 eng 11 681 03 03 xxii 03 00 659 03 01 22 415 03 2004 P291 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Syntax. 04 Lexicology. 10 LAN009000 12 CFK 24 JB code TERM.LEX Lexicography 24 JB code LIN.NLP Natural language processing 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 03 00 Maurice Gross, who died in December 2001, was a pioneer and leading thinker in the field of modern linguistics. Long before computers could facilitate large-scale, lexically-based language study, he and his team began building an exhaustive, empirically-based inventory of the "lexicon-grammar" of French which, thirty years later, still remains the most complete syntax-based lexicon available. Researchers all over the world have adopted the Gross model of description, which serves as a computational model for any language. As can be seen in the contributions in this volume, it has been applied to languages as different as Arabic, Chinese, English, Greek or Korean (as well as the major Romance languages, of course). In this volume the reader will also find a number of articles by eminent linguists who were close friends of Maurice Gross, and frequently in dialogue with him on linguistic issues. No matter whether they shared his theoretical views, or his particular empirical methods of description, they each had great respect for his work, especially for the close-grained linguistic analysis which has set a benchmark for future generations. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/lis.24.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027231345.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027231345.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/lis.24.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/lis.24.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/lis.24.hb.png 01 01 JB code lis.24.01for 06 10.1075/lis.24.01for xi xxii 12 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Foreword Foreword 01 eng 01 01 JB code lis.24.02che 06 10.1075/lis.24.02che 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Entretien avec Maurice Gross Entretien avec Maurice Gross 1 A01 01 JB code 30047994 Jean-Claude Chevalier Chevalier, Jean-Claude Jean-Claude Chevalier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/30047994 01 fre 01 01 JB code lis.24.03ana 06 10.1075/lis.24.03ana 11 22 12 Article 3 01 04 Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne Le Lexique-Grammaire du grec moderne 1 A01 01 JB code 45047995 Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anastassiadis-Syméonidis, Anna Anna Anastassiadis-Syméonidis 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/45047995 01 fre 03 00 This text is a survey of works elaborated in the theoretical framework of the Lexicon-Grammar regarding Modern Greek. These works, numerous and varied, concern inflectional morphology, compounds, fixed expressions, functional verbs and other classes like adverbs, conjunctive sentences, determiners or proverbs.
The electronic dictionary of Greek is not ready yet, but it is quite far advanced. Morphology is very well covered (12,000 verbs, 53,800 nouns and 35,500 adjectives) as well as the inverse dictionary (180,000 entries). These works regarding not only the general language but also languages for special purposes have a theoretical and also a practical interest for automatic translation and teaching of Greek as a mother or/and as a foreign language.
01 01 JB code lis.24.04bal 06 10.1075/lis.24.04bal 23 29 7 Article 4 01 04 Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales Lexique-Grammaire et extensions lexicales 01 04 Note sur le semi-figement Note sur le semi-figement 1 A01 01 JB code 452047996 Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti Balibar-Mrabti, Antoinette Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/452047996 01 fre 03 00 One can find in French expressions which are equivalent to adverbs ending in -ment, e.g. écouter d'une oreille attentive /distraite as compared to écouter attentivement /distraitement, or dessiner d'une main habile /dessiner d'un crayon habile as compared to dessiner habilement. These expressions, which are considered to be relatively fixed, or semi-compositional, are being studied with ever-increasing precision by linguists and lexicographers. This paper sets out the criteria which define these expressions in Lexicon-Grammar Theory. 01 01 JB code lis.24.05bap 06 10.1075/lis.24.05bap 31 40 10 Article 5 01 04 Instrument Nouns and Fusion Instrument Nouns and Fusion 01 04 Predicative nouns designating violent actions Predicative nouns designating violent actions 1 A01 01 JB code 890047997 Jorge Baptista Baptista, Jorge Jorge Baptista 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/890047997 01 eng 03 00 Many predicative nouns selecting the support verb dar (to give) in Portuguese allow Conversion, a passive-like transformation, with the support verb levar (to take, to get). Among these, a significant number are related with concrete instrument nouns and expresses violent action predicates. These sentences present a paraphrase with the verbs bater (to hit) or ferir (to hurt) with an instrument complement. Most of these predicative nouns are formed with a common suffix (-ada). Several restrictions can be observed in the choice of the instrument complements that can be inserted in the nominal sentences. High redundancy blocks the insertion of an instrumental complement if the instrument is the same noun as the one to which the predicative nouns is morphologically related. We analyse these nominal sentences by Fusion, a transformational relation proposed by M. Gross (1981), which merges the verbs bater or ferir with the instrument noun to form both the predicative noun and (more rarely) its associated verb. 01 01 JB code lis.24.06shy 06 10.1075/lis.24.06shy 41 50 10 Article 6 01 04 La constitution d'une concordance de verbes de l'ancien francais La constitution d’une concordance de verbes de l’ancien français 1 A01 01 JB code 217047998 Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217047998 01 fre 03 00 This paper presents a project which consists of the implementation of electronic concordances and dictionaries of Old French. As compared to other dictionaries, electronic dictionaries present several advantages. We outline those advantages and describe the method used for this purpose. The choice of the corpus as well as the delimitation of the period are also discussed. The two first parts of the concordances are illustrated by various examples. 01 01 JB code lis.24.07bor 06 10.1075/lis.24.07bor 51 62 12 Article 7 01 04 Les adjectifs derives de noms de parties du corps dans les textes medicaux Les adjectifs dérivés de noms de parties du corps dans les textes médicaux 1 A01 01 JB code 485047999 Andrée Borillo Borillo, Andrée Andrée Borillo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/485047999 01 fre 03 00 Among the large category of Adjectives, we selected an interesting subset of denominal adjectives issued from nouns referring to parts and regions of the human body — external parts as well as internal organs — called "Noms de parties du corps" (Npc). These adjectives are so massively used in medical discourse that they could be taken as a lexical parameter for this register identification They are generally used with an attributive function [SN [N Apc]], but the head noun they modify may belong to different categories. It can be nouns with a referential content (parts of the body or material objets) but also nouns most generally derived from verbs or adjectives, representing states, actions or processes ("predicative nouns"). According to the category of the head noun, the relation expressed by the Apc can be interpreted in different ways: as a part-whole relation when the head noun denotes itself a body part, as a locative relation with nouns referring to physical objets of all sorts, but when it is coupled with a predicative noun, the adjective Ape is to be taken exactly as the nominal base (the noun from which it derives) would be, that is it has to be considered as an argument within the verbal structure defined by an agentive verb such as faire, pratiquer, provoquer (to make, to cause) or by a stative verb such as avoir (to have), présenter, manifester (to exhibit). 01 01 JB code lis.24.08cha 06 10.1075/lis.24.08cha 63 77 15 Article 8 01 04 A propos des phrases transitives en arabe À propos des phrases transitives en arabe 01 04 Sur quelques criteres de reconnaissance des objets directs Sur quelques critères de reconnaissance des objets directs 1 A01 01 JB code 778048000 Mohamed Chad Chad, Mohamed Mohamed Chad 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/778048000 01 fre 03 00 This paper concerns the treatment of the "object" in Arabic. Our aim is to determine the criteria for its recognition, in terms of the differences that obtain between it and other complements. 01 01 JB code lis.24.09tin 06 10.1075/lis.24.09tin 79 89 11 Article 9 01 04 Etude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois Étude distributionnelle des constructions en ba en chinois 1 A01 01 JB code 172048001 Cheng Ting-Au Ting-Au, Cheng Cheng Ting-Au 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/172048001 01 fre 03 00 The objective of this paper is to explore the applicability of Gross's theory of Lexicon-Grammar to the study of Chinese syntax. The paper is concerned with the ba-construction in Chinese. It aims to show that the very concept of exhaustivity is crucial in an area of study which has been badly in need of new ideas. To highlight the complexity requirement of the ba-construction, we have examined respectively all the relevant constituents within a canonical sentential framework, i.e. #N0 W0 ba-N1 W1 V W2# and it is found that previous accounts of the ba-construction cannot adequately characterize all its syntactic properties. Hence a much more thorough study will be needed if we bear in mind to provide a sound, verifiable, empirical support for constructing a viable model for Chinese syntax. 01 01 JB code lis.24.10con 06 10.1075/lis.24.10con 91 103 13 Article 10 01 04 Principes d'analyse automatique des proverbes Principes d’analyse automatique des proverbes 1 A01 01 JB code 500048002 Mirella Conenna Conenna, Mirella Mirella Conenna 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/500048002 01 fre 03 00 We present software tools capable of identifying a proverb automatically in a text and of generating a translation for it. They include a library of finite state automata administered by the INTEX system (developed by M. Silberztein 1993).
We have constructed a series of automata and transducers relating to certain syntactic classes of French and Italian proverbs.
We differentiate between the automata containing attested proverbs and automata that we call "predictive", particular lexical and syntactic forms that are inserted by analogy with the actual forms retrieved, which could prove useful in the automatic analysis of texts. Wherever we know the equivalent form in the other language, we establish a transducer.
We present a detailed model of the analyser, made up of a network of automata, which takes account of the formulations that link the proverb to the discourse: "as the proverb says, according to folk wisdom, as grandmother used to say, etc". These phrases can sometimes be inserted into the proverb itself, as a kind of interpolation, and can present an obstacle for automatic recognition process.
01 01 JB code lis.24.11cor 06 10.1075/lis.24.11cor 105 111 7 Article 11 01 04 Sur la valeur de l' << incise >> et sa postposition Sur la valeur de l’ « incise » et sa postposition 01 04 Signe mimique et << style indirect libre >> Signe mimique et « style indirect libre » 1 A01 01 JB code 778048003 Benoît Cornulier Cornulier, Benoît Benoît Cornulier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/778048003 01 fre 03 00 In Please, she said, comme in, the parenthetical she said is rather postponed to Please than inserterted in the middle of Please,[..],come in. It is not responsible for the fact that the occurrence Please, (come in) means that these words have been uttered; this meaning fundamentally belongs to the "mimic" (rather than plainly linguistic) use of Please, come in. In She was tired, it seemed, the assertion of She was tired doesn't reproduce the fact that these words were uttered, but that (apparently) she was tired. 01 01 JB code lis.24.12cou 06 10.1075/lis.24.12cou 113 123 11 Article 12 01 04 Dictionnaires electroniques DELAF anglais et francais Dictionnaires électroniques DELAF anglais et français 1 A01 01 JB code 857048004 Blandine Courtois Courtois, Blandine Blandine Courtois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/857048004 01 fre 03 00 This paper is based on the comparison between two electronic dictionaries (DELAF) constructed at LADL for English and French. It first describes the structure of the entries, then the formal features that have been recorded for each of them. It then shows how, in the French and English DELAFs, these codes indicate three levels of complexity of linguistic information. We finally give a brief description of the linguistic data which are available in each part of the dictionaries. 01 01 JB code lis.24.13dag 06 10.1075/lis.24.13dag 125 136 12 Article 13 01 04 Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian Lexicon-Grammar, Electronic Dictionaries and Local Grammars of Italian 1 A01 01 JB code 138048005 Emilio D’Agostino D’Agostino, Emilio Emilio D’Agostino 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/138048005 2 A01 01 JB code 407048006 Annibale Elia Elia, Annibale Annibale Elia 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/407048006 3 A01 01 JB code 607048007 Simonetta Vietri Vietri, Simonetta Simonetta Vietri 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048007 01 eng 03 00 In this paper we will show how Italian electronic dictionaries have been built within the methodological framework of Lexicon-grammar. We will see the structure of electronic dictionaries of simple and compound words, and we will show how to analyse texts employing these linguistic tools within INTEX, a morphological analyser. INTEX contains a tool which allows to construct local grammars on the model of finite state automata. These grammars can be based not only on words but also on the non-terminal symbols contained in the dictionaries. Finally, we will show how electronic grammars (built with INTEX) interact with dictionaries and allow recognition of sequences of simple and compound words. 01 01 JB code lis.24.14dan 06 10.1075/lis.24.14dan 137 153 17 Article 14 01 04 Coreference evenementielle entre deux phrases Coréférence événementielle entre deux phrases 1 A01 01 JB code 905048008 Laurence Danlos Danlos, Laurence Laurence Danlos 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905048008 01 fre 03 00 Works on temporal relations between two eventualities e1 and e2 always suppose that e1 ≠ e2. We will concentrate on cases where e1 = e2, i.e. on event coreference. Unlike object coreference, event coreference has rarely been studied in detail, except for (pro)nominal phrases referring to an event. We focus here on event coreference between two sentences. This study will put forward unusual linguistic phenomena, e.g. coreference between existentially quantified elements. These phenomena, which question well-established myths, have to be taken into account in text understanding and text generation. They will lead us to introduce and define new discourse relations which will be discussed in the framework of SDRT. 01 01 JB code lis.24.15dou 06 10.1075/lis.24.15dou 155 174 20 Article 15 01 04 Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences Strings, Lists and Intonation in Garden Path Sentences 01 04 Can it, plan it, or planet? Can it, plan it, or planet? 1 A01 01 JB code 310048009 Ray C. Dougherty Dougherty, Ray C. Ray C. Dougherty 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/310048009 01 eng 01 01 JB code lis.24.16dub 06 10.1075/lis.24.16dub 175 183 9 Article 16 01 04 Les relatifs de surface Les relatifs de surface 1 A01 01 JB code 545048010 Jean Dubois Dubois, Jean Jean Dubois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/545048010 2 A01 01 JB code 797048011 Francoise Dubois-Charlier Dubois-Charlier, Francoise Francoise Dubois-Charlier 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/797048011 01 fre 03 00 We have here examined some types of sentences which include a relative pronoun, for which we would like to suggest that the outwardly relative clause may not be a 'true' relative clause:
C'est Pierre qui m'accompagnera à la gare
Il y a des enfants qui jouent au ballon dans le jardin
Il est / existe /se trouve des gens qui pensent que...
J'ai une mélodie qui me trotte dans la tête
Tu as ton jupon qui dépasse

Cyril partait gagnant mais Pierre est celui qui a été élu
All such structures are interpreted here as resulting, not from a reunion of two clauses through relativization, but from the rearrangement of a single simple clause: Son mari n 'aime pas les voyages → Elle a un mari qui n 'aime pas les voyages .
This rearrangement is motivated by focalization or rethematization purposes. It involves the use of a new beginning for the sentence (to set out the focus or to indicate the new theme); as a consequence, the rest of the sentence is marked with a qu- form. We thus call the qu- clause a 'pseudo-relative'.
01 01 JB code lis.24.17dug 06 10.1075/lis.24.17dug 185 193 9 Article 17 01 04 Les attributs du complement d'objet Les attributs du complément d’objet 1 A01 01 JB code 94048012 André Dugas Dugas, André André Dugas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94048012 01 fre 03 00 This paper reports on a study of the attributes associated with the direct or indirect object. These attributes are of the kind:
On a élu Marie présidente
Cet individu a été classé comme dangereux
Je le vois déçu
The list of verbs operating with this construction comes from an exhaustive dictionary of French verbs and their properties compiled by the author, who also bases his review of this subject on the well known lexique-grammaire created under the direction of the late Professor Maurice Gross and his researchers at the Laboratoire Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique (see Table 39 in Boons, Guillet et Leclère, 1976). The main constraints and problems are briefly reviewed and a sketch of the sub-classes is given.
01 01 JB code lis.24.18fai 06 10.1075/lis.24.18fai 195 210 16 Article 18 01 04 Une etude de corpus pour eclairer la question du verbe de l'incise en Francais Une étude de corpus pour éclairer la question du verbe de l’incise en Français 1 A01 01 JB code 358048013 Cédrick Fairon Fairon, Cédrick Cédrick Fairon 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048013 01 fre 03 00 This paper presents a corpus-based study of the class of French verbs like dire in Jean arrivera demain, dit Max, used to introduce indirect speech. We compare literary and press corpora and show that such 'comment clauses' have a different function in the two types of corpora, characterised by the use of different verbs, tenses, and punctuation marks. Our study shows that the commonly-accepted idea that the primary reporting verb is dire, and the most frequent tense is simple past, is not accurate. 01 01 JB code lis.24.19gaa 06 10.1075/lis.24.19gaa 211 221 11 Article 19 01 04 Les prepositions forment-elles une classe? Les prépositions forment-elles une classe? 1 A01 01 JB code 704048014 David Gaatone Gaatone, David David Gaatone 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/704048014 01 fre 03 00 Although a large amount of work has been done in the last two decades on French prepositions, there is still no general agreement about their definition. One first has to make a decision about the necessity of such a class, a decision which can be based on the impossibility of accounting for various syntactic constraints without referring to the notion of "preposition". The main problem in trying to define that class seems to be that most of the 40-50 words generally listed as (simple) prepositions in French grammars have some semantic content, a fact that makes it possible to consider them as subordinating connectors, while only a few, primarily de and à, have no discernible meaning in various contexts, and do not necessarily play any linking or subordinating role. The various factors, semantic, lexical, syntactic or lexico-syntactic, which can trigger the occurrence of a preposition, make it difficult if not impossible to find some feature common to all the words traditionnally called prepositions in French. 01 01 JB code lis.24.20gir 06 10.1075/lis.24.20gir 223 229 7 Article 20 01 04 Une construction tronquee du verbe faire Une construction tronquée du verbe faire 01 04 Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gate) Jean fait le (brave + cachottier + repentant + enfant gâté) 1 A01 01 JB code 15048015 Jacqueline Giry-Schneider Giry-Schneider, Jacqueline Jacqueline Giry-Schneider 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/15048015 01 fre 03 00 Expressions of the form N0 fait le N1 in French are not simply fixed expressions. There are in fact two distinct cases, differing in syntax and meaning: Max f ait l'arbitre (Max acts as referee) and Max fait l'innocent (Max plays the innocent). In this article, we characterise these two constructions, suggesting a way of solving the contradictions which occur in the second, and explain the semantic overlap between the two types. In addition to the lexical significance of these expressions (they number around 1,000) and their productivity, this study also illustrates the problem of degrees of fixedness, focussing on two types of relation between faire and être. 01 01 JB code lis.24.21gro 06 10.1075/lis.24.21gro 231 238 8 Article 21 01 04 Classes semantiques et description des langues Classes sémantiques et description des langues 1 A01 01 JB code 358048016 Gaston Gross Gross, Gaston Gaston Gross 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048016 01 fre 03 00 The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of semantic classes in the description of language. We know that most predicates are polysemous, and that each sense correlates with a particular set of arguments. We can group these arguments into semantic classes ("classes d'objets" (object classes)), so that the meaning of a predicate can be recognized automatically in context. The same can be done for predicates: the establishment of classes (or sub-classes) of "actions", "states" and "events" allows the grouping of verbs, adjectives or nominal predicates which share the same defining properties. To illustrate this, we shall describe the semantic class of "behaviour towards others". 01 01 JB code lis.24.22gue 06 10.1075/lis.24.22gue 239 252 14 Article 22 01 04 Multi-Lexemic Expressions Multi-Lexemic Expressions 01 04 an overview an overview 1 A01 01 JB code 655048017 Franz Guenthner Guenthner, Franz Franz Guenthner 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/655048017 2 A01 01 JB code 905048018 Xavier Blanco Blanco, Xavier Xavier Blanco 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/905048018 01 eng 03 00 This paper presents a high-level classification of multi-word terms and discuss their encoding in electronic dictionaries. 01 01 JB code lis.24.23kay 06 10.1075/lis.24.23kay 253 273 21 Article 23 01 04 Here and There Here and There 1 A01 01 JB code 202048019 Richard S. Kayne Kayne, Richard S. Richard S. Kayne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/202048019 01 eng 03 00 Locative 'here' and 'there' are parallel to 'this here place' and 'that there place' (which contain demonstrative 'here' and 'there') except that locative 'here' and 'there' have (in the spirit of Katz and Postal (1964)) an unpronounced counterpart of 'place', and an unpronounced determiner instead of 'this'/'that'. The non-locative 'there' of sentences like 'He spoke thereof (widely found in Germanic) is also, when looked at from the right perspective, to be considered an instance of this demonstrative 'there' (and similarly for 'here'). 01 01 JB code lis.24.24kie 06 10.1075/lis.24.24kie 275 285 11 Article 24 01 04 Sur l'ordre des adjectifs Sur l’ordre des adjectifs 1 A01 01 JB code 344048020 Ferenc Kiefer Kiefer, Ferenc Ferenc Kiefer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/344048020 01 fre 03 00 The present paper discusses the neutral order of attributive adjectives in French. It starts out with a semantic classification of adjectives, which is based on both syntactic and semantic criteria. The following main types of adjectives are distinguished: (i) absolute adjectives, (ii) relative adjectives, (iii) complex relative adjectives and (iv) irregular adjectives. Within (i) and (ii) further subtypes are discussed. It is claimed that irregular adjectives are semantically more complex than complex relative adjectives, the latter are more complex than relative adjectives, which, in turn, are more complex than absolute adjectives. It is also shown that among the relative adjectives measure adjectives are semantically less complex than evaluative adjectives. A similar complexity hierarchy can be established within the various subclasses of absolute adjectives. The main claim of the paper is that the neutral order of adjectives reflects the hierarchy of semantic complexity: the more complex the adjective is the more peripheral the position will be which it occupies in the sequence of attributive adjectives. 01 01 JB code lis.24.25kle 06 10.1075/lis.24.25kle 287 299 13 Article 25 01 04 Anaphores associatives Anaphores associatives 01 04 du large a l'etroit du large à l’étroit 1 A01 01 JB code 75048021 Georges Kleiber Kleiber, Georges Georges Kleiber 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/75048021 01 fre 01 01 JB code lis.24.26kur 06 10.1075/lis.24.26kur 303 311 9 Article 26 01 04 Tree pruning Tree pruning 1 A01 01 JB code 467048022 S.-Y. Kuroda Kuroda, S.-Y. S.-Y. Kuroda 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/467048022 01 eng 03 00 This paper was originally written in 1965. It introduces two principles that determine the derivation of surface structure constituent trees from underlying deep structure trees. The first principle specifies that a non-branching node is eliminated, unless it is a preterminal node directly dominating a lexical item. The second principle is that if the head of a phrase is deleted, the nodes of the phrase dominating the head are eliminated. How to derive reasonable surface trees from underlying trees in a principled manner is much concern in Japanese syntax: due to the agglutinative character of the language under-lyingly complex sentences can become simple sentences at the surface level. 01 01 JB code lis.24.27lab 06 10.1075/lis.24.27lab 313 324 12 Article 27 01 04 Lexiques-grammaires compares Lexiques-grammaires comparés 01 04 Quelques observations sur des differences syntaxiques en francais de France et du Quebec Quelques observations sur des différences syntaxiques en français de France et du Québec 1 A01 01 JB code 748048023 Jacques Labelle Labelle, Jacques Jacques Labelle 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/748048023 01 fre 03 00 This paper deals with the representation of linguistic differences between varieties of french language, french of Quebec and french of France. Quebec french has a lot of linguistic particularities and presents many differences of uses, including lexicon and grammatical properties.
It is an illustration of the application of the theory of lexicon-grammar that appears to be a very efficient tool for doing linguistic comparison, involving, particularly, the syntactic features of the lexicon.
01 01 JB code lis.24.28fau 06 10.1075/lis.24.28fau 325 341 17 Article 28 01 04 Italian People at Work Italian People at Work 01 04 Jobs in Lexical Syntax Jobs in Lexical Syntax 1 A01 01 JB code 157048024 Nunzio Fauci Fauci, Nunzio Nunzio Fauci 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/157048024 2 A01 01 JB code 968048025 Ignazio Mauro Mirto Mirto, Ignazio Mauro Ignazio Mauro Mirto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/968048025 01 eng 03 00 Italian is the only major Romance language featuring a clause type exclusively devoted to expressing people's jobs. This type, the Job-fare-Construction (JFC), is constructed with a human subject and the verb fare 'do' followed by an obligatorily definite noun. The JFC has thus the appearance of a transitive clause. This paper provides numerous arguments for treating the post-verbal noun as a predicate rather than a direct object and for analysing the JFC as an intransitive in which fare works as a support verb. The JFC has then been compared to a copulative construction that also allows to express people's jobs. It has been shown that the former cannot be considered a doublet of the latter because the two clause-types differ both syntactically and semantically. Within the analysis we suggest, the JFC results from a reduction process alternately operating on two classifying nouns that simultaneously work as noun predicates. 01 01 JB code lis.24.29lam 06 10.1075/lis.24.29lam 343 371 29 Article 29 01 04 La structure de la phrase en francais de Belgique La structure de la phrase en français de Belgique 1 A01 01 JB code 530048026 Béatrice Lamiroy Lamiroy, Béatrice Béatrice Lamiroy 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/530048026 2 A01 01 JB code 718048027 Jean René Klein Klein, Jean René Jean René Klein 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/718048027 01 fre 03 00 The paper aims at analyzing about 500 verbs that typically belong to Belgian French, according to the principles of the lexicon-grammar set forth by Maurice Gross. Four categories are distinguished, viz. verbs that are totally unknown in France, e.g. loanwords from Dutch (20 %), verbs that sound archaic in France (2 %), verbs that are common in France but with a different meaning, the so-called "faux amis" (8 %) and verbs that are used in France but with a different syntactic construction (70 %). Each Belgian verb is ascribed to a syntactic class, based on the (in)transitive character of the verb, the absence/ presence of a prepositional complement, etc. The Belgian verbs are thus classified in 33 different classes, the largest of which correspond to transitive structures with two arguments, viz. subject and direct object. Two major findings of the paper are that Belgian French differs more from the French spoken in France than is usually assumed, and that the differences not only concern lexical matters, but, maybe more importantly, syntactic differences. 01 01 JB code lis.24.30lap 06 10.1075/lis.24.30lap 373 388 16 Article 30 01 04 Restructuration and the subject of adjectives Restructuration and the subject of adjectives 1 A01 01 JB code 15048028 Éric Laporte Laporte, Éric Éric Laporte 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/15048028 01 eng 03 00 The distribution of the subject of adjectives in French is particularly difficult to represent in a lexicon-grammar, because of the numerous restructurations of the subject. In addition, the description of subject distribution is connected with the separation of senses and the description of the complements in the adjectival sentence. Thus, it is a fundamental issue. We identify several situations where it seems possible to choose a satisfactory strategy. We discuss this organization through various examples of adjectives. 01 01 JB code lis.24.31lec 06 10.1075/lis.24.31lec 389 404 16 Article 31 01 04 Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases 01 04 une approche formelle une approche formelle 1 A01 01 JB code 685048029 Christian Leclère Leclère, Christian Christian Leclère 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/685048029 2 A01 01 JB code 954048030 Jacqueline Brisbois Brisbois, Jacqueline Jacqueline Brisbois 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/954048030 01 fre 03 00 Classes of synonyms are typically established according to the criterion that the rest of the sentence in which they can alternate remains the same; that is, the structure does not change and the various elements remain in the same place. This approach recognises the synonymy between, for example, accueillir and recevoir.
Londres accueille/reçoit le Premier ministre français
(London welcomes/receives the French Prime Minister)
but not between these verbs and se rendre, in spite of the fact that the sentence:
Le Premier ministre français s'est rendu à Londres
(The French Prime Minister went to London)
contains almost the same information (the elements being the same, but their syntactic position having changed). To extend the notion of synonymy to allow for this syntactic variability, it is necessary to know, for each verb construction, the different positions that the associated nouns may occupy, and their respective semantic roles. The exhaustive syntactic classification of verbs established at LADL makes such an approach possible.
01 01 JB code lis.24.32lee 06 10.1075/lis.24.32lee 405 412 8 Article 32 01 04 Les aventures de Max et Eve, j'ai aime Les aventures de Max et Eve, j’ai aimé 01 04 A propos d'un C.O.D. "Canada Dry" À propos d’un C.O.D. “Canada Dry” 1 A01 01 JB code 235048031 Danielle Leeman Leeman, Danielle Danielle Leeman 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/235048031 01 fre 03 00 It is generally considered that in French, unlike English, the phenomenon of topica-lisation applied to a direct object, as in This book, I have read, does not exist. In fact, constructions such as this are common in oral language and are also encountered in written language. I shall nevertheless show that, appearances to the contrary, in a sentence such as La tarte, j'ai aimé, the NP la tarte is not a direct object and that, in consequence, this construction is not an instance of topicalisation (it should be recalled that the canonical example of topicalisation is Le chocolat, j'aime). My demonstration is based on comparisons between the orthographic, intonational, distributive and syntactic properties of utterances such as La tarte, j'ai aimé and Trois enfants, j'ai eus. 01 01 JB code lis.24.33mac 06 10.1075/lis.24.33mac 413 421 9 Article 33 01 04 Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs Nominalizations of English Neutral Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 528048032 Peter A. Machonis Machonis, Peter A. Peter A. Machonis 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/528048032 01 eng 03 00 This article explores the use of three light or support verbs of English, give, make, and have, as they co-occur with the nominalizations associated with the class of English neutral verbs (537 verbs). Neutrality, also known as the ergative construction or the causative alternation, is present when the following equation holds:
N0 V N1 ↔ N1 V
For example, the verb in the following two sentences is considered neutral:
Max chimes the bell ↔ The bell chimes
Certain neutral verbs undergo nominalization and may occur with support verbs, as in the following examples:
Max gave the bell a chime
Max made a chime
with the bell
The bell made a chime
The bell has a loud chime

Prepositional phrases associated with nominalizations of these neutral verbs are also briefly examined. The appearance of these nominals with the various support verbs and prepositional phrases is shown to be highly idiosyncratic. This reinforces the notion that transformations associated with verbs can be best described on an individual basis and gives further evidence for building a formal lexicon or lexicon-grammar.
01 01 JB code lis.24.34ran 06 10.1075/lis.24.34ran 423 438 16 Article 34 01 04 Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs Remarks on the Complementation of Aspectual Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 138048033 Elisabete Ranchhod Ranchhod, Elisabete Elisabete Ranchhod 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/138048033 01 eng 03 00 The notion of auxiliary verbs and their role is discussed within Z. S. Harris' transformational framework. Following Maurice Gross' proposals, the traditional approach to the subject, usually limited to verbal combinations, is extended to adjectival and nominal constructions. Such an approach to auxiliaries leads one to generalize the notion of auxiliary verb and to propose that aspectual verbs should have a syntactic status identical to that of tense auxiliaries; furthermore, it allows a coherent description of the aspectual verbs complementation.
The empirical basis of the analysis is constituted mainly by data from Portuguese but references to other languages are also made.
01 01 JB code lis.24.35mul 06 10.1075/lis.24.35mul 439 453 15 Article 35 01 04 A propos de [pc-z.] À propos de [pc-z.] 1 A01 01 JB code 935048034 Claude Muller Muller, Claude Claude Muller 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/935048034 01 fre 03 00 French completives introduced by ce que are limited to prepositional complements, with two peculiar properties: the preposition, unlike adverbs, cannot be understood as an antecedent for the completive; the preposition does not need a consistant argument for its complementation. Among these constructions, only a very limited list authorizes a direct completive complementation with indirect interpretation – what was studied by Maurice Gross under the name [pc z.]. We analyse this property as the result of:
- the recoverability of the meaning of the preposition;
- the appositive ability of que (what we call +/- genitif);
- a semantic filter favoring a mental or psychological interpretation of the completive.
01 01 JB code lis.24.36nam 06 10.1075/lis.24.36nam 455 469 15 Article 36 01 04 Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs Some Linguistic Problems in Building a Korean Electronic Lexicon of Simple Verbs 1 A01 01 JB code 280048035 Jeesun Nam Nam, Jeesun Jeesun Nam 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/280048035 01 eng 03 00 Any system that aims to automatically process a natural language should first be equipped with a well-constructed electronic lexicon. An electronic lexicon is a large-scale database that contains all linguistic information a machine requires, i.e. inflectional, derivational, syntactic and some reliable semantic information. To build a systematic lexicon of simple verbs, several linguistic criteria should be considered. This study constitutes a preliminary step in the construction of a syntactic lexicon of Korean verbs. In section 2, we consider the problem of hada (to do) sequences, which raises the contentions of distinguishing between a simple verb and a verb phrase in Korean. In section 3, we discuss the derivational entries and complex forms: how to handle these items is not a simple question in a machine-readable lexicon. Section 4 covers the treatment of some incomplete forms in the lexicon. Finally, in the last section, we outline the direction of future work. To construct a reliable electronic lexicon, the morphosyntactic characteristics of all lexical entries have to be described in a systematic and exhaustive way. Only then can we expect to expand the list by consulting large-scale corpora. The results obtained by lexicon-grammar studies will play a significant role in the construction of a systematic electronic database, indispensable in any computational application area. 01 01 JB code lis.24.37oga 06 10.1075/lis.24.37oga 471 484 14 Article 37 01 04 Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver Du locatif directionnel au datif dans les constructions du verbe arriver 1 A01 01 JB code 607048036 Kozué Ogata Ogata, Kozué Kozué Ogata 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048036 01 fre 03 00 This paper examines the relationship between the directional locative and dative in the constructions of the verb arriver in French. These elements have points in common: semantically, they are both directional, syntactically, they can have the forme à N. Comparing two types of constructions for arriver: the locative and non-locative, we observe different co-occurrence restrictions between the dative and locative (directional and non-directional) in these constructions. Our analysis shows us that the dative and the directional locative are mutually exclusive, in that a verb can only take one directional object which is strongly related to it. The locative and the dative appear to be compatible in cases where the former is included by the latter, because according to the hierarchy between them the dative has a priority over the directional locative when they are in the same construction. 01 01 JB code lis.24.38pio 06 10.1075/lis.24.38pio 485 496 12 Article 38 01 04 La conjonction meme si n'existe pas! La conjonction même si n’existe pas! 1 A01 01 JB code 954048037 Mireille Piot Piot, Mireille Mireille Piot 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/954048037 01 fre 03 00 In this paper, we reject the usual definition of même si (even if) as single conjunction and meaning as 'concessive' one. Même si share similar syntactico-semantic properties with 'conditional', but not 'concessive', (class of) conjunctions. In fact, même si is a conjunctive phrase including the si (if) conditional conjunction and the appropriate conditional-conjunction modifier: même (even). 'Concessive' effect is due to même insertion.
Meaning of même si has been refined into two semantic interpretation subcategories according to paraphrastic conditional conjunctive phrases: même à (la) condition [que P] or même dans l'hypothèse [où P].
01 01 JB code lis.24.39pos 06 10.1075/lis.24.39pos 497 508 12 Article 39 01 04 A Remark on English Double Negatives A Remark on English Double Negatives 1 A01 01 JB code 280048038 Paul M. Postal Postal, Paul M. Paul M. Postal 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/280048038 01 eng 03 00 This article claims that there are two partially distinct analyses for English no forms like no dog, nothing, no one, no philosopher. Each analysis involves recognition of a syntactic negative + a determiner some as a representation of no; but one analysis involves a second syntactic negative as well. It is suggested that a factually viable version of the traditional English prescriptive rule banning two or more instances of no forms in a single clause must distinguish the two distinct analyses. For while e.g. No gorilla wrote no symphony is indeed ungrammatical on a reading with weak stress on the second no, where it means No gorilla wrote any symphony, it is grammatical on a reading with strong stress ont the second no. This reading is equivalent to Every gorilla wrote some symphony, taken here to instantiate the double negative (hence logically positive) reading of the second no. A variety of arguments are presented to support the view that the grammatical status of the two no forms of the grammatical reading have distinct structures and various implications and problems arising from this conclusion are briefly considered. 01 01 JB code lis.24.40rab 06 10.1075/lis.24.40rab 509 516 8 Article 40 01 04 Deverbatif et diathese en malgache Déverbatif et diathèse en malgache 1 A01 01 JB code 545048039 Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina Rabenilaina, Roger-Bruno Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/545048039 01 fre 03 00 The nominalization or [Support] associate a sentence S2 which has nominal predicate with a sentence S1 which has verbal predicate by means of a Suppport verb. It concerns the non diathetic transformation, defined negatively as opposed to the diathetic transformation or [Diathesis]. The latter consist of focussing on the complement which is followed by the change of the voice of the verb and the link of the subject N0 transposed to the verb with the help of the enclitic preposition -na. But, the formation of derivatives called deverbal nouns calls out the nominalization as well as the diathetic transfomation. Such elements both behave like nouns and like verbs. So, as noun, a deverbal noun like fanasàna (washing) represents the head of the nominal group: Ny fanasàn'i Be ny fiara amin'ny vovo-tsavony (The washing of the car with the soap powder by Be), which can be derived from the active sentence in the present by [Support]: Manàsa ny fiara amin 'ny vovo-tsavony i Be (Be washes the car with the soap powder). But, as verb, the same deverbal noun fanasàna (act of washing habitually) represents the predicate of a sentence expressing the habitual action: Fanasàn 'i Be ny fiara ny vovo-tsavony (The soap powder is with which Be washes habitually the car), which can be derived from the habitual active sentence by [Diathesis]: Mpanàsa ny fiara amin 'ny vovo-tsavony i Be (Be washes habitually the car with the soap powder). The title implies then that in Malagasy the deverbal noun is categorially ambivalent: it concernes both a noun derived from a verb and a verb that the diathesis is marked. 01 01 JB code lis.24.41rah 06 10.1075/lis.24.41rah 517 526 10 Article 41 01 04 Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions Les travaux en Lexique-Grammaire du malgache et leurs extensions 1 A01 01 JB code 358048040 Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona Raharinirina Rabaovololona, Lucie Lucie Raharinirina Rabaovololona 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/358048040 2 A01 01 JB code 75048041 Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony Ralalaoherivony, Baholisoa Simone Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/75048041 01 fre 03 00 As a visiting professor at the Department of Malagasy Studies at the University of Antananarivo in 1989, Maurice Gross gave an unprecedented impetus to the descriptive study of the Malagasy language. He contributed so much, mainly through the development of Lexicon-Grammar, that we have him to thank for one state doctoral thesis, four new doctoral theses, thirteen DEA theses, eleven CAPEN theses, and several dissertations or master's theses. The following achievements, completed by members of the DIFP (Interdisciplinary and Vocational Training Department) benefited particularly from his help: Lexique-grammaire du malgache. Constructions transitives et intransitives by Roger-Bruno Rabenilaina (1987), Lexique-grammaire des composés du malgache. Les adverbes de temps, by Lucie Raharinirina-Rabaovololona (1991) and Lexique-grammaire du malgache. Constructions adjectivales by Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony (1995).
Thanks to this progress in Lexicon-Grammar, the DIFP team was able to launch projects in fields with a more applied focus. These include Lexicology, Terminology and Translation. The new insights and tools offered by Lexicon-Grammar brought about tremendous developments in those fields. In addition, there is continuity in our fundamental linguistic activity: the research into Lexicon-Grammar is the common interest of the members of DIFP.
For all this, we are most grateful to Maurice Gross.
01 01 JB code lis.24.42ren 06 10.1075/lis.24.42ren 527 545 19 Article 42 01 04 Shall we hors d'oeuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English Shall we hors d’œuvres? The Assimilation of Gallicisms into English 1 A01 01 JB code 437048042 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/437048042 01 eng 03 00 The dialects of the region now known as France have been contributing words and idioms to the English language for the last millennium. These Gallicisms serve a number of purposes, from filling lacunae, to associating the writer with French sophistication and style, to creating particular stylistic effects in writing and speech. This study takes a subset of established Gallicisms, which are formally and stylistically capable of evoking Frenchness, and examines their linguistic treatment in English. Sometimes they are used just as they are in French. Some uses are simply inaccurate by French standards: in relation to gender and number agreement, and to spelling. Other uses are unconventional by French standards but represent the standard English practices of modifying foreign loans to fit English norms; these include the possible conflation of formal and orthographic variants of a Gallic phrase, the tendency to employ a word across a range of grammatical and syntactic classes, and the use of word play. The study concludes with the impressionistic observation that English seems to assimilate French as much as modern French is 'invaded' by English. 01 01 JB code lis.24.43ros 06 10.1075/lis.24.43ros 547 559 13 Article 43 01 04 The Syntax of Emphasis -- A Base Camp The Syntax of Emphasis — A Base Camp 1 A01 01 JB code 718048043 Háj Ross Ross, Háj Háj Ross 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/718048043 01 eng 03 00 This paper attempts a survey of the major emphatic constructions in English, and of the processes which derive them from a proposed bisentential source. The source for a garden-variety pseudocleft sentence like What Jeb hankers for is a smooth transition is argued to be What Jeb hankers for is he hankers for a smooth transition – the rule of Pseudocleft Formation, which is optional for some speakers, deletes the redundant struck-through elements. Whether this ellipsis has occurred or not, a rule of Copula Switch can apply to transform the post-copular constituent into the subject of the resulting sentence: He hankers for a smooth transition is what Jeb hankers for. Copula-switched or not, and deleted or not, the subjects of all such pseudoclefts can be Deictic Dislocated, freely to the left, less so to the right. The returning pronouns which emerge in the course of these operations are the demonstratives that and this. Some examples of the resultant structures are: What Jeb hankers for- [that / this] is (? he hankers for a smooth transition); *[That /This] is (** he hankers for a smooth transition) - what Jeb hankers for; He hankers for a smooth transition - [that/ > this] is what Jeb hankers for; [This / >?That] is what Jeb hankers for - he hankers for a smooth transition . Akmajian's motion to derive cleft sentences from pseudoclefts is seconded, and it is argued that Deictic Dislocation can provide some evidence for the correctness of such an analysis, in the face of apparent counterexamples to it. Thus, since What Tony regretted was [the pizza / that Mildred loved Baryshnikov] are both grammatical, we would expect both clefts to be. But: It was [the pizza / *that Mildred loved Baryshnikov] that Tony regretted. However, left-dislocating both foci yields two good clauses: [The pizza / That Mildred loved Baryshnikov] – it was that that Tony regretted. Thus we conclude that the ungrammaticality of the clefted that-clause is merely due to a violation of a surface filter. 01 01 JB code lis.24.44sal 06 10.1075/lis.24.44sal 561 571 11 Article 44 01 04 Verbs of Mental States Verbs of Mental States 1 A01 01 JB code 94048044 Morris Salkoff Salkoff, Morris Morris Salkoff 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/94048044 01 eng 03 00 This article is a summary of a longer investigation of the so-called psych verbs that have been much studied in the literature. I have defined a psych verb as one that takes a complement clause subject that S and Nh, a human noun object. These are sentences like That John was so stingy (troubled + annoyed) Helen. It turns out that psych verbs so defined are heterogeneous: one group refers to a change in the mental state of Nh, a second to a change in the physical state of Nh, and a third group refers to no change of state at all in Nh. Some of these verbs take an optional or required particle, e.g., calm takes down optionally, but only bowl over is a psych verb as defined here. Others do not appear with Nh, but rather with a noun referring to some mental state of Nh, as in That the officer treated his men so curtly blunted (*them + their morale). A lexical study of these verbs shows that there are more than 600 in English. Various syntactic properties of these groups of psych verbs have been studied, and the results have been collected into a table, an extract of which is appended here. 01 01 JB code lis.24.45sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.45sch 573 580 8 Article 45 01 04 Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques Diphtongues vocaliques et diphtongues consonantiques 1 A01 01 JB code 374048045 Sanford A. Schane Schane, Sanford A. Sanford A. Schane 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/374048045 01 fre 03 00 Within the syllable I look at the properties of diphthongs, defined as a glide and adjacent vowel. Both halves of a diphthong may occur within the nucleus of a syllable, or else only the vowel part is in the nucleus whereas the glide component functions as part of the onset or coda. This distinction is phonological and not necessarily phonetic and leads to a distinction between vocalic diphthongs and consonantal diphthongs. From this perspective, the diphthongs of English, French, and Spanish are examined. I provide criteria for distinguishing the two types of diphthongs. However, at times these criteria may be in conflict: the solution to this paradox is to be found through a constraint against syllables with no onset.
A preliminary version of this study was presented at a conference dealing with syllables at the Université de Nantes, March 25-27, 1999. I thank the participants at that conference for their comments.
01 01 JB code lis.24.46sch 06 10.1075/lis.24.46sch 581 588 8 Article 46 01 04 Time in Language -- Language in Time Time in Language — Language in Time 01 04 A Leibnizian Perspective A Leibnizian Perspective 1 A01 01 JB code 607048046 Helmut Schnelle Schnelle, Helmut Helmut Schnelle 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607048046 01 eng 03 00 Ordinary language is not determined by a single and unique system. Just as a biological organism, its interrelated systems of form and meaning are developing as a multi-system, even in conceptual areas which, to the scientific mind, seem to be highly systematic, such as time. A closer study reveals there to be a multiplicity of temporalities, which are appropriate and put to use in a variety of circumstances. If the logician and epistemo-logist complains that "our ordinary language shows a tiresome bias in its treatment of time" and thinks that "this bias is of itself an inelegance or breach of theoretical simplicity" (cf. Quine 1960:170), he shows that he does not understand the organizational framework of the languages' efficiency. 01 01 JB code lis.24.47sil 06 10.1075/lis.24.47sil 589 600 12 Article 47 01 04 Reconnaissance des determinants francais Reconnaissance des déterminants français 1 A01 01 JB code 875048047 Max Silberztein Silberztein, Max Max Silberztein 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/875048047 01 fre 03 00 This article describes the implementation of a large-coverage description of French determiners and predeterminers, that includes simple words such as le, compounds such as la plupart des, and more complex sequences such as toute une partie de ce groupe de. The grammar is available in the form of a library of over one hundred INTEX graphs. Its organization follows as closely as possible the classification of the determiners described by Maurice Gross in Syntaxe du nom, 1986.
Using INTEX graphs to represent syntactic constraints on the grammatical words that constitute determiners presents several advantages over using two-dimension lexicon-grammar tables, especially in terms of legibility.
I show also that the difficult problem of describing recursive determiners and their constraints (e.g. in un groupe de groupes d'amis) is naturally described by recursive graphs. This library can be compiled into a (non-recursive) minimal deterministic finite-state automaton that contains over 1,000 states and 25,000 transitions.
01 01 JB code lis.24.48tsu 06 10.1075/lis.24.48tsu 601 611 11 Article 48 01 04 Essai d'interpretation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire Essai d’interprétation fonctionnelle des tables du Lexique-Grammaire 1 A01 01 JB code 217048048 Yoichiro Tsuruga Tsuruga, Yoichiro Yoichiro Tsuruga 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/217048048 01 fre 03 00 In French, there are verbs that permit an interesting correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N2 Loc N1 (Loc: a locative preposition). The correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N2 V N1 is very close (84.0 %): 743 of 884 verbs), and so is the one between N0 V N1 avec N2 and N2 V N1 (88.1 % : 516 of 586 verbs) and the one between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N1 avec N2 (66.3 %: 586 of 884 verbs). Different combinations of the four constructions N0 V N1 de N2, N0 V N2 Loc N1, N0 V N1 avec N2 and N2 V N1 variously account for the verbs taking N0 V N1 de N2. The verbs that accept the three former constructions but refuse only the fourth are very exceptional (1.5 % : 13 of 884 verbs), while those that refuse only the second are more numerous (46.2 %). The correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N0 V N2 Loc N1 is in fact the least frequent (21.4 %). There are clear semantic and functional factors that control these tendencies. The tight correspondence between N0 V N1 de N2 and N2 V N1, for example, indicates clearly that the element functioning as the "materials" relation, with de, can also function very easily as subject of the same verb. It is important to try to bring out such fundamental functional information in the "Lexique-Grammaire" tables. 01 01 JB code lis.24.49ver 06 10.1075/lis.24.49ver 613 627 15 Article 49 01 04 Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning Some Elements for an Empirical Approach to the Study of Meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 485048049 Jean-Roger Vergnaud Vergnaud, Jean-Roger Jean-Roger Vergnaud 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/485048049 2 A01 01 JB code 685048050 María Luisa Zubizarreta Zubizarreta, María Luisa María Luisa Zubizarreta 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/685048050 01 eng 03 00 This article argues that meaning must be analyzed in terms of a notion of description. That notion is taken to apply quite generally beyond the language faculty to other cognitive and perceptual modalities. Descriptions are gathered into families, each family having the structure of a semilattice. The semilattice connective corresponds to the and connective of natural language. One distinguishes between pure descriptions and mixed descriptions: a mixed description obtains when pure descriptions are conjoined by means of Boole's connective +, corresponding to the exclusive or of natural language. To illustrate, the description associated with a yes-no question is a mixed description, and so is the description associated with such determiners as English any or English wh-. The connective + is naturally extended to families of descriptions. In turn, mixed descriptions may themselves be arranged into families, with each family having the (really dual) semilattice structure of a family of pure descriptions. Finally, descriptions may be related by the connective IF-THEN. That connective is construed as a mapping between mixed descriptions. In particular, the focus structure of an utterance is defined in terms of that connective. Given a description UXW with subdescription X, X is the focus of UXW iff. the relation IF X is a description of t, THEN UtW is a description hold. The approach adopted ultimately derives from Chomsky's critical appraisal of theories of meaning that rely on some notion of "reference to a world"; see Chomsky (1992, 2000). 01 01 JB code lis.24.50vit 06 10.1075/lis.24.50vit 629 639 11 Article 50 01 04 Morphologie derivationnelle et mots simples Morphologie dérivationnelle et mots simples 01 04 Le cas du serbo-croate Le cas du serbo-croate 1 A01 01 JB code 610051520 Duško Vitas Vitas, Duško Duško Vitas 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/610051520 01 fre 03 00 The traditional representation of nominal inflection in Serbo-Croatian lexicography cannot link the entries between which a close derivational relationship exists. In the dictionary, this relationship is usually expressed by a stereotyped definition that is based on the meaning of the basic entry. Two types of nominal modifiers of this kind are discussed in this paper: modifiers for gender mutation and modifiers for amplification (formation of diminutives and augmentatives). It is shown that both modifiers form the new noun from the initial one according to the same model and in the way that the nominal inflective class is described. The extension of the traditional nominal class can thus be seen as a tuple of the elementary morphographemic classes that describe the derivations of the basic entry. The consequences of such an extension of the nominal inflective class to the development of the electronic dictionaries of simple words DELAS and DELAF are examined. 01 01 JB code lis.24.51viv 06 10.1075/lis.24.51viv 641 647 7 Article 51 01 04 Une grille d'analyse pour les predicats nominaux Une grille d’analyse pour les prédicats nominaux 1 A01 01 JB code 38051521 Robert Vivès Vivès, Robert Robert Vivès 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/38051521 01 fre 03 00 This contribution deals with lexical, syntactic and semantic features used by researchers of the « Laboratoire de Linguistique Informatique » for decribing the most relevant proper-ties of predicative nouns in the frame of the « classes d'objets » approach. Grids of two different semantic classes of predicative nouns are presented as examples. 01 01 JB code lis.24.52pub 06 10.1075/lis.24.52pub 649 659 11 Miscellaneous 52 01 04 Publications de Maurice Gross Publications de Maurice Gross 01 04 Bibliographie etablie par Takuya Nakamura Bibliographie établie par Takuya Nakamura 01 fre
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