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Part of
The Carthaginian North: Semitic influence on early Germanic: A linguistic and cultural study
Robert Mailhammer and Theo Vennemann
[
NOWELE Supplement Series
32] 2019
► pp.
265
–
268
◄
previous
Index
A
ablaut
6–14 , 30, 74, 110–113 , 115, 117–119 , 121–126 , 128, 130–132 , 152, 240
ablaut class
10, 12, 13, 112–114 , 123–128 , 132
acrophonic
25–26 , 28, 143–145 , 147–148 , 152, 154, 157, 183–184
adposition
adpositions
17, 139–140
Æsir
27, 208, 210, 218
agentivity
31–38 , 41, 47, 51, 109, 233
Akkadian
107, 200
amber
44, 159–161 , 187–188 , 190, 192–194 , 197, 199–200 , 230, 233, 259
Amharic
7
Amurdak
17, 116
Anttila, Raimo
5
aorist
14–17 , 111, 117–120 , 122, 125, 130–132
Arabic
6–8 , 46, 57–58 , 63–64 , 66–67 , 75–80 , 94, 98, 101, 111, 117, 124, 157–159 , 259, 262–263
Aramaic
81, 107
Armenian
2
aspect
15, 17, 46, 49, 112, 115–116 , 131, 171, 209, 259
Atlantic
43, 53, 188–194 , 222, 226–227 , 230, 239
B
Baal
94, 97–99 , 204, 207–208 , 217–220 , 222, 224, 248
Balder
23, 202–208 , 211–214 , 217–219 , 221–224 , 257–258 , 261
Bengali
52
Berber
45, 54, 58, 167, 175, 183, 185, 257
Biblical Hebrew
57, 78–79 , 94, 106
bilingual
32, 37–38 ; , 45, 50, 52, 54, 79, 85, 107, 109–110 ; , 117–118 ; , 120, 122–125 ; , 128, 137–139 ; , 152, 168, 239, 257–258 ; , 262–263 ;
see also
bilingualism
bilingualism
31–39 ; , 41, 109–110 ; , 118, 124, 138, 239, 258
see also
bilingual
Blueprint Principle
39, 41
borrowing
3, 31–35 , 41, 57, 61–62 , 66–67 , 70, 72, 74–76 , 79–80 , 83, 85, 87–89 , 100, 102–105 , 118, 218–219 , 221–224
British Isles
43, 53, 55, 187, 190, 193, 200–201 , 233, 239
C
Cameroon English
32
Canaanite
25, 44–45 , 64, 81, 85–86 , 114, 127, 146, 200
Carthage
45–46 ; , 48–49 ; , 51, 53–55 ; , 65, 84, 89–91 ; , 109, 133, 142, 173–174 ; , 182, 185, 187–192 ; , 194–197 ; , 201, 203, 222, 229–230 ; , 239
see also
Carthaginian
Carthaginians
Carthaginian
43–45 ; , 49, 51, 54, 57, 64, 81, 89–93 ; , 104, 129–130 ; , 132–133 ; , 139, 141, 174, 185, 187–192 ; , 194, 197, 200–201 ; , 211, 219, 222, 224, 226–229 ; , 239, 258
see also
Carthage
Carthaginians
Carthaginians
23, 43–50 ; , 52–55 ; , 64, 67, 90, 107, 132–133 ; , 141, 175, 182, 187–192 ; , 194–195 ; , 198–200 ; , 207, 218–219 ; , 222, 230, 234, 239
see also
Carthage
Carthaginian
Celtic
18, 29, 96, 159, 208, 210, 238, 257, 262
contact-induced change
5, 31, 33, 36–41 , 117–118 , 129–130 , 238–239 , 259
convergence
35, 37, 45, 51, 54, 122, 257
D
Denmark
22, 29, 159–160 , 187, 201, 230, 233–234
divergence
37
dominance
19, 31–32 , 34, 37, 41, 47, 49–52 , 58–59 , 109–110
E
East Germanic
67
Egyptian
146–148 , 224
Egyptians
147
England
72, 92–93 , 97, 197, 227, 232
English
4–7 , 11–12 , 19–23 , 26–27 , 32, 34, 40–41 , 47, 52, 55, 57–59 , 61–62 , 65, 68–69 , 74–75 , 77, 81, 87, 93–94 , 96, 100–101 , 105, 115, 120–121 , 124, 131, 140, 143–145 , 148, 152–153 , 158–159 , 178, 194, 206, 216, 222, 238, 240, 259, 261–263
Etruscan
25, 27–29 , 35, 141, 143–144 , 157, 169, 171–173 , 184
etymological
1–2 , 58–59 , 61–63 , 65–66 , 72, 80, 87, 99, 101, 106–107 , 200, 206–207 , 213, 225
etymology
1–5 , 11, 26, 30, 39–40 , 58–59 , 60, 62–63 , 66–68 , 72, 75–78 , 80–84 , 87–89 , 96–98 , 100, 102–103 , 123, 127, 200, 206–207 , 228, 237, 239, 259, 261–262
F
Finnish
5
French
4–5 , 11, 32, 41, 59, 69, 72, 75, 77, 81, 83, 100, 104–105 , 120, 238
functionalization
6, 13, 30, 110, 118
futhark
24–25 , 27–30 , 141, 143–144 , 146, 148–149 , 151, 153–157 , 162–163 , 165–166 , 169–174 , 176–181 , 183–185 , 261
G
German
3–4 , 6, 11–12 , 16, 19–23 , 26, 29, 32, 59, 61, 63, 65–69 , 71–73 , 75, 77, 79, 83–84 , 87–88 , 95–96 , 100–101 , 104–105 , 120–122 , 124, 131, 137, 140, 143, 146, 148, 152, 159, 162, 199–201 , 211, 214–218 , 222–223 , 238, 259
Germanic
1–5 , 9–21 , 24, 26–30 , 32, 34, 40, 44–55 , 57–76 , 79–86 , 88–89 , 95–96 , 98–107 , 109–112 , 114, 116–118 , 120–133 , 135–137 , 139, 141, 143–146 , 148–157 , 159, 162, 164–168 , 171–174 , 178–182 , 184, 187, 202–210 , 212, 214, 217–219 , 221–225 , 233–234 , 237–241 , 257–259 , 261–263
Gothic
19, 61, 87, 95, 100, 106, 123, 128, 137, 148, 153, 181, 218
grammatical category
6, 8–13 , 17, 39–40 , 110–111 , 113, 118
Greek
2, 8, 16, 25–29 , 35, 39, 45–46 , 48, 50, 52, 70, 74, 85–87 , 94, 100, 102–104 , 106, 118, 141, 143–144 , 147, 151, 153, 157–158 , 160–162 , 169, 171–173 , 181–184 , 188, 195, 199–201 , 208, 224, 233, 258–259 , 262
Greeks
26, 29, 51, 79, 104, 141, 157–158 , 160, 182–183 , 188–189 , 191, 199, 207, 233
Grimm’s Law
61–62 , 71, 79, 104, 153, 184, 217–218 , 222–224
Gurindji Kriol
32, 52
H
Hanno
43, 189, 194–199 , 201, 258
Hausa
75
Hebrew
26, 57, 60, 63, 66–67 , 69–70 , 75, 78–79 , 81, 84–86 , 94, 99, 103, 106, 111, 115, 127, 144, 147, 153, 157–159 , 166–167 , 218, 257, 263
Himilco
43, 55, 189, 194–201 , 222
hybrid
47–49 ; , 51, 218
see also
hybridity
hybridity
47, 233
see also
hybrid
I
Iberian
43, 47–48 , 159, 189, 193, 226, 235
imperfective
15, 17, 98, 115–116 , 119
imposition
31–32 , 35–36 , 38, 118
Indo-European
1–6 , 9–18 , 20, 54, 59, 61–64 , 66, 68–69 , 74–76 , 82, 85, 89, 96, 99–100 , 102–107 , 110–114 , 117, 119–120 , 122, 124, 126, 128–132 , 135–137 , 139, 153, 182, 184, 202–204 , 206, 208–210 , 217, 237, 258–260 , 262
inflectional category
15
Italic
15–16 , 51, 68, 96, 259
Iwaidja
17
K
koinézation
37 , 53–54 , 110, 117, 129
L
Latin
11, 16, 25–29 , 32, 35, 39, 45–46 , 51–54 , 59, 61, 67, 69–70 , 72, 74, 79, 82, 86, 88, 96, 99, 106, 115, 141, 143–144 , 157, 162, 169, 171–173 , 175–176 , 178, 182–185 , 196, 200–201 , 207, 219, 222, 238
lexicon
1–4 , 7, 30, 57, 71, 95, 237, 259
loan
5, 32–34 ; , 58, 62, 69–70 ; , 83, 100–101 ; , 105, 185, 206, 210, 218, 222
see also
loanword
loanword
34, 59, 62, 64, 69, 75, 79, 81, 83–84 ; , 97, 123, 222, 260
see also
loan
Low German
4, 75, 84, 87, 95, 104, 214–215 , 217–218 , 222, 238
Lybian
239
M
Maltese
124
Middle Dutch
63
Middle English
41, 140, 262
Middle High German
63, 73, 75
mood
15, 18, 110–112
multilingualism
31, 35, 45, 48
N
Nabataean Hebrew
Nabataean
60, 81
Neo-Punic
53, 82, 121, 127, 142, 167, 174–184 , 186, 229
Neumann, Günter
2–3 , 257
North Africa
45, 48–49 , 53–54 , 58, 104, 142, 188, 219, 230, 234
North Germanic
19, 71, 98, 107, 148, 218, 224–225
Northumbrian
87
O
Old Church Slavonic
59
Old English
19–23 , 27, 58, 61–62 , 65, 74, 87, 101, 140, 148, 152, 206, 216
Old French
11, 75, 100
Old Frisian
63, 87
Old High German
19–23 , 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 73, 75, 79, 88, 100–101 , 148, 211, 214–216 , 222
Old Irish
96, 103, 200, 206
Old Norse
19, 21, 28, 59, 61–62 , 74–75 , 97, 100, 103, 106, 144, 206, 214, 224, 263
Old Saxon
59, 61, 73, 87, 106, 148, 257
orientalization
47, 132
Oscan
16, 51
P
participle
7, 12, 116, 120–121
perfect
7–8 , 14–17 , 73, 77, 101, 104, 111–113 , 115–123 , 125–126 , 130–131 , 144, 163–164 , 166
perfective
8, 15, 17, 98, 112, 115–117 , 119–120 , 131
Phoenician
25–27 , 43, 45–48 , 57, 60, 62–64 , 66, 69–70 , 75, 78–82 , 84–86 , 90, 94–95 , 99, 102–104 , 106, 114–116 , 127, 132, 137, 140–144 , 147–149 , 151, 154–155 , 157–158 , 160, 162–164 , 167, 169–174 , 181–184 , 188–189 , 192, 194–195 , 200, 205, 207, 209, 211, 217–220 , 222–227 , 229–231 , 233–235 , 238–239 , 258–259 , 263
Phol
207, 211–219 , 222–224 , 261
postposition
postpositions
139–140
pre-Proto-Germanic
16, 44, 48, 71, 109–110 ; , 112, 117, 121–125 ; , 128–131 ; , 133, 152, 187, 234, 239
see also
Pre-Germanic
pre-Germanic
16, 47–52 ; , 55, 57, 60–61 ; , 66, 71, 100, 103, 118, 120–121 ; , 123–125 ; , 128, 131, 133, 137, 139, 181, 210, 217–219 ; , 223–224 ;
see also
pre-Proto-Germanic
prefix conjugation
98, 114–116 , 118–119
preposition
prepositions
17, 139–140
present tense
6, 8, 10, 12–15 , 30, 98, 110–112 , 114–117 , 119–120 , 122, 126, 128–129
prestige
32, 42, 52, 102, 132–133 , 191
preterit
7, 12, 14–16 , 112–113 , 117, 122–123 , 126, 128, 131
principal part
8, 12
productive
7, 9, 11, 81, 83, 129
productivity
9, 11–12 , 83, 124
Proto-Germanic
1–3 , 5, 9–14 , 16–20 , 26–27 , 30, 32, 34, 40, 44–45 , 48, 52–53 , 55, 57, 59–60 , 65, 70–71 , 73, 75, 79–82 , 84, 86, 101, 105, 109–112 , 114, 116–117 , 121–131 , 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 146, 148, 152–154 , 174, 180–181 , 184, 187, 202, 217, 224, 234, 237–240 , 257, 262
Proto-Indo-European
5, 9–18 , 20, 61, 76, 82, 106, 112, 114, 117, 119–120 , 122, 124, 126, 130, 132, 135, 139, 153, 184, 202, 217, 262
Punic
14, 35, 43–55 , 57–58 , 60, 62–64 , 66–67 , 69–71 , 75, 79–82 , 84–86 , 89–92 , 94–95 , 104–105 , 107, 109–133 , 137, 140–144 , 148–157 , 159, 161–162 , 164–191 , 194–196 , 218–220 , 222–227 , 229–235 , 238–240 , 258–259 , 261
Q
Quechan
8
Quechua
139, 257
R
recipient language
31–36 , 38, 40–42 , 51, 109–110 , 121
religion
33, 40, 46–49 , 57, 102, 133, 187, 202–205 , 207–208 , 214, 218, 224, 237, 240, 258
restucturization
Ringe, Don
1–3 , 5, 10–11 , 14–19 , 21, 139
Roman
35, 45, 47–48 ; , 53–54 ; , 59, 94, 109, 115, 172, 175, 197, 201, 220, 227–230 ; , 239
see also
Romans
Romans
26, 29, 64, 104, 188–189 ; , 193, 198
see also
Roman
root structure
1–14 , 62, 71, 85, 110–111 , 113, 118, 123, 126–128 , 130, 132
Ross, John Robert
37, 39–40 , 137–138
rune
24–30 , 141, 143, 148–149 , 151–159 , 162–167 , 169–173 , 176–184 , 259, 61
runic
18–19 , 28–29 , 53, 141, 143–144 , 146, 148–151 , 153–154 , 156, 159, 162–166 , 168–172 , 174, 176–177 , 179–180 , 184–185 , 205, 207, 237–238 , 259, 261–262
S
Sanskrit
2, 18, 46, 120
Sardinia
45–46 , 48–49 , 51, 53–54 , 92, 132, 175, 188, 190–191 , 239
Scandinavia
25, 55, 188, 208, 234
see also
Scandinavian
Scandinavian
4, 24, 27, 87, 95, 144, 152, 204, 206, 238
see also
Scandinavia
semantic field
3–4 , 30, 33, 40, 57, 78, 238
Semitic
6–13 , 26, 57, 60, 62–64 , 69–71 , 76–77 , 80–81 , 85–86 , 97–104 , 111, 113–115 , 118, 121–122 , 126–127 , 129, 137, 140, 143–149 , 152, 157–159 , 173, 182, 203–204 , 206, 208–210 , 214, 225, 229, 240, 259
Skribnik, Elena
138
Slavic
16, 135, 259
source language
31–32 , 34–41 , 62, 79, 117, 121, 238
Spain
43–48 , 51, 53, 132, 175, 188–189 , 191–192 , 226–227 , 231, 239, 260
stem
6–8 , 10, 12–14 , 30, 61, 66, 68, 71, 73–74 , 77–78 , 82, 98–100 , 104, 106, 110–114 , 117, 119, 121–122 , 124, 126, 128–132 , 171, 176, 223
strong verb
10–14 , 101, 109–111 , 113, 117–118 , 122–128 , 130, 132, 152, 237, 240
substratum
2–4 , 34, 40, 57, 89, 102, 210, 238
suffix conjugation
66, 111–113 , 115–117 , 119–120
superstrate
4–5 , 30, 32, 57–58 , 60, 75, 81, 97, 100, 138–14 , 238–239
Sweden
43–44 , 187, 201, 204, 230–231 , 233
systematization
6, 12–13 , 30, 110, 126, 132
T
TAM
14, 17, 30, 110–112 , 124
Tartessian
47–48 ;
see also
Tartessians
Tartessos
Tartessians
48, 200–201 ;
see also
Tartessian
Tartessos
Tartessos
46
see also
Tartessian
Tartessians
template
6, 113
see also
templatic
templatic
6–7 ; , 117
see also
template
tense
5–6 , 8, 10, 12–17 , 30, 81, 98, 110–112 , 114–126 , 128–129 , 131
transfer v
33–36 , 38, 41, 47, 51, 109–110 , 117–118 , 120–121
U
Ugaritic
57, 97–99 , 107, 115, 204, 210, 258
Umbrian
16, 35
uniformization
6, 13–14 , 30, 110, 117, 126, 129, 131–132
V
Vanir
203, 208–211 , 218
Verner’s Law
14, 65–66 , 70–71 , 103, 125
vocabulary
1–3 , 5, 30, 32, 34, 57–58 , 68, 225, 238–239
W
Wackernagel, Jakob
135–137 , 215
Wales
53, 175–176 , 229, 232
weak verb
weak verb
5, 11, 113–114 , 129
West Germanic
19, 64, 71, 73–74 , 85–86 , 88–89 , 95, 148, 153–154 , 165, 172–174 , 179, 181, 184, 218, 223
word order
17–22 , 30, 135–139 , 216, 257, 259–260 , 262
writing system
1, 24–26 , 30, 46–47 , 114, 127, 133, 141, 143–144 , 146, 155, 174, 180, 182, 225, 237–238 , 240