555 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&b IV:6 Pb 15 9789027225313 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6 13 84010981 00 BC 01 240 mm 02 160 mm 08 290 gr 10 01 JB code P&b 02 0166-6258 02 29.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond Pragmatics & Beyond 01 01 Understatements and Hedges in English Understatements and Hedges in English 1 A01 01 JB code 767 Axel Hübler Hübler, Axel Axel Hübler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/767 01 eng 11 202 03 03 ix 03 00 192 03 01 19 420.1/9 03 1983 PE1445.U54 04 Figures of speech. 04 Understatement. 04 English language--Spoken English. 04 National characteristics, English. 04 English language--Syntax. 10 LAN009000 12 CF 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 01 06 03 00 The goal of this monograph is a comprehensive analysis of understatements and other forms of non-direct speech (hedges) in modern English. It is based on a multi-level approach, including philosophical, cultural, and socio-psychological arguments. The main part consists of an investigation of the linguistic restrictions for understatements and hedges to be formed by means of the following grammatical categories: negation of predicates, gradation of predicates, modalization of affirmative sentences by means of parenthetical verbs, modal adverbs, modal verbs, and questions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pb.iv.6.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027225313.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027225313.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pb.iv.6.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pb.iv.6.pb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.01pre 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.01pre ix Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.02int 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.02int 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 0. Introduction 0. Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.03gui 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.03gui 9 Chapter 3 01 04 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.04the 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.04the 9 Subsection 4 01 04 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.05lia 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.05lia 14 Subsection 5 01 04 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.06wor 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.06wor 23 Subsection 6 01 04 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.07phr 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.07phr 27 Chapter 7 01 04 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.08neg 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.08neg 27 Subsection 8 01 04 2.1. Negation of predicates 2.1. Negation of predicates 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.09det 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.09det 63 Subsection 9 01 04 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.10neu 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.10neu 97 Chapter 10 01 04 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.11fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.11fac 97 Subsection 11 01 04 3.1. Factivity and modality 3.1. Factivity and modality 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.12que 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.12que 98 Subsection 12 01 04 3.2. Questions 3.2. Questions 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.13mod 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.13mod 114 Subsection 13 01 04 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.14sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.14sum 153 Subsection 14 01 04 3.4. Summary 3.4. Summary 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.15com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.15com 155 Chapter 15 01 04 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.16ano 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.16ano 155 Subsection 16 01 04 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.17com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.17com 156 Subsection 17 01 04 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.18und 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.18und 157 Subsection 18 01 04 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.19fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.19fac 157 Subsection 19 01 04 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.20sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.20sum 169 Subsection 20 01 04 4.5. Summary 4.5. Summary 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.21foo 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.21foo 171 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Footnotes Footnotes 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.22ref 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.22ref 183 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 References References 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pb.iv.6 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 19830101 C 1983 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 2 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 75.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 63.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 2 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 113.00 USD 143012005 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&b IV:6 GE 15 9789027280336 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code P&b 02 JB code 0166-6258 02 29.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond Pragmatics & Beyond 01 01 Understatements and Hedges in English Understatements and Hedges in English 1 A01 01 JB code 767 Axel Hübler Hübler, Axel Axel Hübler 01 eng 11 202 03 03 ix 03 00 192 03 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 10 LAN009000 12 CF 01 06 03 00 The goal of this monograph is a comprehensive analysis of understatements and other forms of non-direct speech (hedges) in modern English. It is based on a multi-level approach, including philosophical, cultural, and socio-psychological arguments. The main part consists of an investigation of the linguistic restrictions for understatements and hedges to be formed by means of the following grammatical categories: negation of predicates, gradation of predicates, modalization of affirmative sentences by means of parenthetical verbs, modal adverbs, modal verbs, and questions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pb.iv.6.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027225313.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027225313.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pb.iv.6.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pb.iv.6.pb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.01pre 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.01pre ix Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.02int 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.02int 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 0. Introduction 0. Introduction 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.03gui 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.03gui 9 Chapter 3 01 04 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.04the 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.04the 9 Subsection 4 01 04 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.05lia 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.05lia 14 Subsection 5 01 04 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.06wor 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.06wor 23 Subsection 6 01 04 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.07phr 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.07phr 27 Chapter 7 01 04 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.08neg 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.08neg 27 Subsection 8 01 04 2.1. Negation of predicates 2.1. Negation of predicates 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.09det 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.09det 63 Subsection 9 01 04 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.10neu 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.10neu 97 Chapter 10 01 04 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.11fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.11fac 97 Subsection 11 01 04 3.1. Factivity and modality 3.1. Factivity and modality 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.12que 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.12que 98 Subsection 12 01 04 3.2. Questions 3.2. Questions 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.13mod 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.13mod 114 Subsection 13 01 04 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.14sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.14sum 153 Subsection 14 01 04 3.4. Summary 3.4. Summary 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.15com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.15com 155 Chapter 15 01 04 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.16ano 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.16ano 155 Subsection 16 01 04 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.17com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.17com 156 Subsection 17 01 04 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.18und 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.18und 157 Subsection 18 01 04 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.19fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.19fac 157 Subsection 19 01 04 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.20sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.20sum 169 Subsection 20 01 04 4.5. Summary 4.5. Summary 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.21foo 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.21foo 171 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Footnotes Footnotes 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.22ref 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.22ref 183 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 References References 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 19830101 C 1983 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027225313 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 75.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 63.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 113.00 USD 831009924 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&b IV:6 Eb 15 9789027280336 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code P&b 02 0166-6258 02 29.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond Pragmatics & Beyond 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-pb 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond (vols. 1–55, 1980–1986) 05 02 P&B (vols. 1–55, 1980–1986) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-pragmatics 01 02 Subject collection: Pragmatics (804 titles, 1978–2015) 05 02 Pragmatics (1978–2015) 01 01 Understatements and Hedges in English Understatements and Hedges in English 1 A01 01 JB code 767 Axel Hübler Hübler, Axel Axel Hübler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/767 01 eng 11 202 03 03 ix 03 00 192 03 01 19 420.1/9 03 1983 PE1445.U54 04 Figures of speech. 04 Understatement. 04 English language--Spoken English. 04 National characteristics, English. 04 English language--Syntax. 10 LAN009000 12 CF 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 01 06 03 00 The goal of this monograph is a comprehensive analysis of understatements and other forms of non-direct speech (hedges) in modern English. It is based on a multi-level approach, including philosophical, cultural, and socio-psychological arguments. The main part consists of an investigation of the linguistic restrictions for understatements and hedges to be formed by means of the following grammatical categories: negation of predicates, gradation of predicates, modalization of affirmative sentences by means of parenthetical verbs, modal adverbs, modal verbs, and questions. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pb.iv.6.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027225313.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027225313.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pb.iv.6.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pb.iv.6.pb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pb.iv.6.pb.png 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.01pre 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.01pre ix Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Preface Preface 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.02int 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.02int 1 Miscellaneous 2 01 04 0. Introduction 0. Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.03gui 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.03gui 9 Chapter 3 01 04 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 1. Guidelines to Understatements and Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.04the 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.04the 9 Subsection 4 01 04 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 1.1. The sentence and its negatability 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.05lia 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.05lia 14 Subsection 5 01 04 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 1.2. Liability constraints of the sentence 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.06wor 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.06wor 23 Subsection 6 01 04 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 1.3. Working definition and working perspective 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.07phr 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.07phr 27 Chapter 7 01 04 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 2. Phrastic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Understatements 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.08neg 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.08neg 27 Subsection 8 01 04 2.1. Negation of predicates 2.1. Negation of predicates 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.09det 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.09det 63 Subsection 9 01 04 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 2.2. Detensification of predicates by grading adverbs 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.10neu 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.10neu 97 Chapter 10 01 04 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 3. Neustic Indetermination as a Device for Forming Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.11fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.11fac 97 Subsection 11 01 04 3.1. Factivity and modality 3.1. Factivity and modality 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.12que 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.12que 98 Subsection 12 01 04 3.2. Questions 3.2. Questions 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.13mod 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.13mod 114 Subsection 13 01 04 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 3.3. Modalized assertory assertions 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.14sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.14sum 153 Subsection 14 01 04 3.4. Summary 3.4. Summary 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.15com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.15com 155 Chapter 15 01 04 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 4. Communicative Conditions for Understatements and Hedges 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.16ano 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.16ano 155 Subsection 16 01 04 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 4.1. Another look at negatability of sentences 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.17com 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.17com 156 Subsection 17 01 04 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 4.2. Communication as a possible threat to face 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.18und 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.18und 157 Subsection 18 01 04 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 4.3. Understatements and hedges as face saving strategies 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.19fac 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.19fac 157 Subsection 19 01 04 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 4.4. Face threatening acts and face saving strategies exemplified by praise and criticism 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.20sum 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.20sum 169 Subsection 20 01 04 4.5. Summary 4.5. Summary 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.21foo 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.21foo 171 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Footnotes Footnotes 01 eng 01 01 JB code pb.iv.6.22ref 06 10.1075/pb.iv.6.22ref 183 Miscellaneous 22 01 04 References References 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pb.iv.6 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 19830101 C 1983 John Benjamins Publishing Company 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027225313 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027280336 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 75.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 63.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 113.00 USD