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80006927 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 162 Eb 15 9789027292254 06 10.1075/pbns.162 13 2007015637 DG 002 02 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 162 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Context and Appropriateness</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Micro meets macro</Subtitle> 01 pbns.162 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.162 1 B01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer Lueneburg University 01 eng 272 vi 265 LAN009000 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 06 01 This book departs from the premise that context and appropriateness represent complex relational configurations which can no longer be conceived as analytic primes but rather require the accommodation of micro and macro perspectives to capture their inherent dynamism. The edited volume presents a collection of papers which examine the connectedness between context and appropriateness from interdisciplinary perspectives. The papers use different theoretical frameworks, such as situation theory, speech act theory, cognitive pragmatics, sociopragmatics, discourse analysis, argumentation theory and functional linguistics. They reflect current moves in pragmatics and discourse analysis to cross disciplinary and methodological boundaries by integrating relevant premises and insights, in particular cognition, negotiation of meaning, sequentiality, recipient design and genre. 05 In the Introduction we are presented with a well-written and up-to-date overview of research on text, co-text, and context as they relate to appropriateness in language study. Dividing the book into three thematic areas adds to the readability of the research presented and the overall organization of the book. In each of the chapters, one finds well-presented theories or frameworks, balanced arguments, and defensible conclusions. The wide range of topics covered may render the book appealing, not only to language specialists and scholars, but also to advanced students. [...] An added value to this book lies in the fact that languages such as Italian and French are examined and analyzed, a welcome effort in a world dominated by English. Lutfi M. Hussein, Mesa Community College, USA, in Discourse & Society, 20(1), 2009. 05 This is an exceptionally well-balanced, authoritative collection of current work on context and appropriateness in pragmatics. Anyone interested in keeping up with theoretical and analytical developments in this rapidly evolving area should have it on their bookshelf. Richard W. Janney, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 05 The articles presented here written by well-known experts analyse context and appropriateness from several different theoretical pespectives such as conversation analysis, pragmatics, sociopragmatics and critical discourse analysis. The variety of outlooks on different aspects of context and its multilayeredness provides a valuable overview of how these notions are used in language description. Karin Aijmer, Göteborg University 05 This important collection of essays contributes significantly to theorizing the notions of context and appropriateness from several diverse perspectives. This volume provides an essential resource for scholars concerned with context and appropriateness in linguistic pragmatics and discourse analysis. Neal Norrick, Universität des Saarlandes 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.162.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027254061.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027254061.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.162.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.162.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.162.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.162.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.162.01int 1 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.02fet 3 27 25 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Context, contexts and appropriateness</TitleText> 1 A01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer University of Lueneburg, Germany 10 01 JB code pbns.162.03par 29 1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Bridging problems between context and appropriateness</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.04akm 31 54 24 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Similar situations</TitleText> 1 A01 Varol Akman Akman, Varol Varol Akman Bilkent University, Turkey 01 This paper studies the notion of similarity with reference to situations of situation theory. While the commonsense notion of two situations resembling each other appears to be valuable in our daily life, we show that it is problematic for the same reasons researchers have been pointing out in psychological and philosophical literature. That human beings can use the notion naturally (without much effort) shows that their cognitive make-up is probably much more powerful than is commonly thought. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.05ois 55 77 23 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Appropriateness and felicity conditions: A theoretical issue</TitleText> 1 A01 Etsuko Oishi Oishi, Etsuko Etsuko Oishi Fuji Women’s University, Japan 01 The present paper gives a speech-act-theoretic explanation of the concept of appropriateness. In the speech act theory proposed in the present paper, the mechanism of performing an illocutionary act is explained as the process whereby a linguistic form, which represents a linguistic convention, becomes a linguistic artefact by the speaker’s act of uttering and the hearer’s uptake. Appropriateness and felicity conditions concern how such a linguistic artefact is created, and its analysis clarifies a specific relationship between an illocutionary act and context. Upon this interpretation, I examine the ways in which an utterance becomes appropriate or inappropriate, felicitous or infelicitous, and illustrate a construct of the internal context of performing an illocutionary act. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.06nya 79 112 34 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Appropriateness</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An adaptive view</Subtitle> 1 A01 Thanh Nyan Nyan, Thanh Thanh Nyan University of Manchester, UK 01 Building on previous work predicated on the co-evolution of language and the brain, this article takes the view that (a) appropriate behavior – linguistic or otherwise – is adaptive; (b) from the standpoint of the speaker’s processing system, it is chiefly a matter of activating skills arising from background knowledge. This background knowledge, I begin by arguing, should be seen as part of a decision-making process, as construed by Damasio (1994). Next I provide a sketch of how appropriate behavior arises from the corresponding memory system. Following this I set reasons for viewing linguistic appropriate behavior in terms of the same apparatus. In the final section I consider the implications of this adaptive perspective for the notion of context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.07par 113 1 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II: Bridging problems between communicative action and appropriateness</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.08fet 115 145 31 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>If I may say so</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Indexing appropriateness in dialogue</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer University of Lueneburg, Germany 01 This contribution examines those contexts in which a contribution is assigned the status of <i>not such as is required</i> (Grice 1975). The first part analyses the theoretical construct of appropriateness in an integrated framework based on Habermas’s <i>theory of communicative action</i>, Gice’s <i>logic and conversation</i> and Sbisà’s approach to speech act theory. The second part operationalizes the theoretical construct as appropriateness conditions. The third part presents a data analysis in which the form and function of explicit and implicit references to appropriateness are analysed in the genre of a political interview. Particular attention is given to the questions of <i>where</i> the inappropriateness is manifest, <i>what</i> constitutive part of the contribution is assigned the status of being inappropriate, <i>who</i> refers to the inappropriateness and <i>how</i> the inappropriateness is realized linguistically. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.09bec 147 166 20 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The appropriateness of questions</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">appropriateness of questions</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Annette Becker Becker, Annette Annette Becker University of Frankfurt, Germany 01 When is a question appropriate? In <i>Recontextualizing Context</i>, Fetzer (2004) distinguishes between “grammaticality” and “appropriateness” of sentences and utterances. Appropriateness, other than grammaticality, is a socio-cultural construct. Whereas the grammaticality of sentences may be judged without consideration of their textual, interpersonal, or interactional context, the appropriateness of utterances is highly context-dependent on all these levels. This is especially apparent in dialogical discourse types like media interviews. This contribution assumes as a working hypothesis that the appropriateness of questions can be approached through an analysis of the subsequent answers. Data is taken from videotaped interviews television journalists conducted with politicians and experts during British election night coverages. Their analysis is based on the pragmatic framework developed by Harris (1991) for the analysis of politicians’ evasiveness, and the multidisciplinary frameworks developed by Lauerbach (2003, 2004) and Becker (2005, 2007) for the analysis of interviewing practices. Comparison of interviews with politicians and interviews with experts reveals clear differences as to what answerers interpret as an appropriate question within the global context of the election night coverage and with respect to the question’s local textual, interpersonal, or interactional context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.10ber 167 199 33 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cooperative conflict and evasive language</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of the 9-11 commission hearings</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lawrence N. Berlin Berlin, Lawrence N. Lawrence N. Berlin Northeastern Illinois University, USA 01 In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, concerns surrounding the efficacy of United States intelligence and security agencies led to the formation of the 9–11 Commission. The Commission was charged to conduct a series of hearings to investigate “the truth” and possible culpability for the security failure. During the hearings, many high-ranking officials of the United States Government – past and present administrations – were called to give testimony. Exchanges between some of those officials (Secretaries of State) and their interlocutor-interrogators can best be described as “evasive”, representing a series of discursive tactics which produce nonlinear patterning between adjacency pairs. Yet, despite evidence that use of indirect, evasive language is not uncommon in courtroom discourse, the construction of evasion within these exchanges, especially along partisan lines, appears to be co-constructed, broadening the notion of cooperation to include complicity and suggest an expanded definition of what can be considered “appropriate”. Thus, in an order of discourse fraught with conflicting agents – interrogators and witnesses (and in this particular case, Republicans and Democrats), witnesses maintain the appearance of cooperation within the conflict by answering questions through changing the direction of the question, mitigating the force of the imposition, and deflecting responsibility from an action that could prove politically embarrassing or damaging. This chapter uses a critical discourse analysis framework to examine the mediated political discourse of these interactions, illustrating how cooperative conflict and its concomitant evasive language necessitate a layered analysis of context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.11par 201 1 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III: Bridging problems between micro and macro</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.12mie 203 233 31 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The attenuating conditional</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">attenuating conditional</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Context, appropriateness and interaction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Johanna Miecznikowski Miecznikowski, Johanna Johanna Miecznikowski University of Turin, Italy 2 A01 Carla Bazzanella Bazzanella, Carla Carla Bazzanella University of Turin, Italy 01 The attenuative reading of the conditional form (condatt) in Italian and French illustrates the multifunctionality of linguistic structures and the necessity of analyzing them in their synergies with relevant contextual parameters. The condatt allows the speaker to allude to the existence of pragmatic prerequisites for his/her utterance without presenting them as taken for granted. An empirical study of spoken data reveals that at least in French this property has specific effects on various levels of interaction: the form expresses negotiability of the speaker’s acts; it preferredly encodes new information and contributes to structure the thematic progression of discourse; it tends to encode initiative and/or dispreferred communicative acts. These results lead us to formulate some hypotheses as to the condatt’s appropriateness with regard to global context. In particular, given that the form signals negotiability and is better compatible with a reduced rather than with a rich common ground, we expect it to be most appropriate in dialogical genres characterized by a low degree of acquaintance, a high degree of social distance between co-participants, and symmetry of social roles. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.13car 235 260 26 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Collaborative use of contrastive markers</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Contextual and co-textual implications</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Carota Carota, Francesca Francesca Carota Institut des Sciences Cognitives-CNRS, Lyon 01 The study presented in this paper examines the context-dependence and dialogue functions of the contrastive markers of Italian <i>ma</i> (but), <i>invece</i> (instead), <i>mentre</i> (while) and <i>però</i> (nevertheless) within task-oriented dialogues. Corpus data evidence their sensitivity to a acognitive interpersonal context, conceived as a <i>common ground</i>. Such a cognitive state – shared by co-participants through the coordinative process of grounding – interacts with the global dialogue structure, which is cognitively shaped by “meta-negotiating” and grounding the dialogue topic. Locally, the relation between the current dialogue structural units and the global dialogue topic is said to be specified by information structure, in particular intra-utterance <i>themes</i>. It is argued that contrastive markers re-orient the co-participants’ cognitive states towards grounding ungrounded topical aspects to be meta-negotiated. They offer a collaborative context-updating strategy, tracking the status of common ground during dialogue topic management. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.14ind 261 265 5 Miscellaneous 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20070713 2007 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027254061 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 105.00 EUR R 01 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 158.00 USD S 102005898 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 162 Hb 15 9789027254061 13 2007015637 BB 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 162 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Context and Appropriateness</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Micro meets macro</Subtitle> 01 pbns.162 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.162 1 B01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer Lueneburg University 01 eng 272 vi 265 LAN009000 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 06 01 This book departs from the premise that context and appropriateness represent complex relational configurations which can no longer be conceived as analytic primes but rather require the accommodation of micro and macro perspectives to capture their inherent dynamism. The edited volume presents a collection of papers which examine the connectedness between context and appropriateness from interdisciplinary perspectives. The papers use different theoretical frameworks, such as situation theory, speech act theory, cognitive pragmatics, sociopragmatics, discourse analysis, argumentation theory and functional linguistics. They reflect current moves in pragmatics and discourse analysis to cross disciplinary and methodological boundaries by integrating relevant premises and insights, in particular cognition, negotiation of meaning, sequentiality, recipient design and genre. 05 In the Introduction we are presented with a well-written and up-to-date overview of research on text, co-text, and context as they relate to appropriateness in language study. Dividing the book into three thematic areas adds to the readability of the research presented and the overall organization of the book. In each of the chapters, one finds well-presented theories or frameworks, balanced arguments, and defensible conclusions. The wide range of topics covered may render the book appealing, not only to language specialists and scholars, but also to advanced students. [...] An added value to this book lies in the fact that languages such as Italian and French are examined and analyzed, a welcome effort in a world dominated by English. Lutfi M. Hussein, Mesa Community College, USA, in Discourse & Society, 20(1), 2009. 05 This is an exceptionally well-balanced, authoritative collection of current work on context and appropriateness in pragmatics. Anyone interested in keeping up with theoretical and analytical developments in this rapidly evolving area should have it on their bookshelf. Richard W. Janney, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 05 The articles presented here written by well-known experts analyse context and appropriateness from several different theoretical pespectives such as conversation analysis, pragmatics, sociopragmatics and critical discourse analysis. The variety of outlooks on different aspects of context and its multilayeredness provides a valuable overview of how these notions are used in language description. Karin Aijmer, Göteborg University 05 This important collection of essays contributes significantly to theorizing the notions of context and appropriateness from several diverse perspectives. This volume provides an essential resource for scholars concerned with context and appropriateness in linguistic pragmatics and discourse analysis. Neal Norrick, Universität des Saarlandes 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.162.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027254061.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027254061.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.162.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.162.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.162.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.162.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.162.01int 1 1 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Introduction</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.02fet 3 27 25 Article 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Context, contexts and appropriateness</TitleText> 1 A01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer University of Lueneburg, Germany 10 01 JB code pbns.162.03par 29 1 Section header 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Bridging problems between context and appropriateness</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.04akm 31 54 24 Article 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Similar situations</TitleText> 1 A01 Varol Akman Akman, Varol Varol Akman Bilkent University, Turkey 01 This paper studies the notion of similarity with reference to situations of situation theory. While the commonsense notion of two situations resembling each other appears to be valuable in our daily life, we show that it is problematic for the same reasons researchers have been pointing out in psychological and philosophical literature. That human beings can use the notion naturally (without much effort) shows that their cognitive make-up is probably much more powerful than is commonly thought. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.05ois 55 77 23 Article 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Appropriateness and felicity conditions: A theoretical issue</TitleText> 1 A01 Etsuko Oishi Oishi, Etsuko Etsuko Oishi Fuji Women’s University, Japan 01 The present paper gives a speech-act-theoretic explanation of the concept of appropriateness. In the speech act theory proposed in the present paper, the mechanism of performing an illocutionary act is explained as the process whereby a linguistic form, which represents a linguistic convention, becomes a linguistic artefact by the speaker’s act of uttering and the hearer’s uptake. Appropriateness and felicity conditions concern how such a linguistic artefact is created, and its analysis clarifies a specific relationship between an illocutionary act and context. Upon this interpretation, I examine the ways in which an utterance becomes appropriate or inappropriate, felicitous or infelicitous, and illustrate a construct of the internal context of performing an illocutionary act. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.06nya 79 112 34 Article 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Appropriateness</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An adaptive view</Subtitle> 1 A01 Thanh Nyan Nyan, Thanh Thanh Nyan University of Manchester, UK 01 Building on previous work predicated on the co-evolution of language and the brain, this article takes the view that (a) appropriate behavior – linguistic or otherwise – is adaptive; (b) from the standpoint of the speaker’s processing system, it is chiefly a matter of activating skills arising from background knowledge. This background knowledge, I begin by arguing, should be seen as part of a decision-making process, as construed by Damasio (1994). Next I provide a sketch of how appropriate behavior arises from the corresponding memory system. Following this I set reasons for viewing linguistic appropriate behavior in terms of the same apparatus. In the final section I consider the implications of this adaptive perspective for the notion of context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.07par 113 1 Section header 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II: Bridging problems between communicative action and appropriateness</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.08fet 115 145 31 Article 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"><i>If I may say so</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Indexing appropriateness in dialogue</Subtitle> 1 A01 Anita Fetzer Fetzer, Anita Anita Fetzer University of Lueneburg, Germany 01 This contribution examines those contexts in which a contribution is assigned the status of <i>not such as is required</i> (Grice 1975). The first part analyses the theoretical construct of appropriateness in an integrated framework based on Habermas’s <i>theory of communicative action</i>, Gice’s <i>logic and conversation</i> and Sbisà’s approach to speech act theory. The second part operationalizes the theoretical construct as appropriateness conditions. The third part presents a data analysis in which the form and function of explicit and implicit references to appropriateness are analysed in the genre of a political interview. Particular attention is given to the questions of <i>where</i> the inappropriateness is manifest, <i>what</i> constitutive part of the contribution is assigned the status of being inappropriate, <i>who</i> refers to the inappropriateness and <i>how</i> the inappropriateness is realized linguistically. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.09bec 147 166 20 Article 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The appropriateness of questions</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">appropriateness of questions</TitleWithoutPrefix> 1 A01 Annette Becker Becker, Annette Annette Becker University of Frankfurt, Germany 01 When is a question appropriate? In <i>Recontextualizing Context</i>, Fetzer (2004) distinguishes between “grammaticality” and “appropriateness” of sentences and utterances. Appropriateness, other than grammaticality, is a socio-cultural construct. Whereas the grammaticality of sentences may be judged without consideration of their textual, interpersonal, or interactional context, the appropriateness of utterances is highly context-dependent on all these levels. This is especially apparent in dialogical discourse types like media interviews. This contribution assumes as a working hypothesis that the appropriateness of questions can be approached through an analysis of the subsequent answers. Data is taken from videotaped interviews television journalists conducted with politicians and experts during British election night coverages. Their analysis is based on the pragmatic framework developed by Harris (1991) for the analysis of politicians’ evasiveness, and the multidisciplinary frameworks developed by Lauerbach (2003, 2004) and Becker (2005, 2007) for the analysis of interviewing practices. Comparison of interviews with politicians and interviews with experts reveals clear differences as to what answerers interpret as an appropriate question within the global context of the election night coverage and with respect to the question’s local textual, interpersonal, or interactional context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.10ber 167 199 33 Article 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Cooperative conflict and evasive language</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of the 9-11 commission hearings</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lawrence N. Berlin Berlin, Lawrence N. Lawrence N. Berlin Northeastern Illinois University, USA 01 In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, concerns surrounding the efficacy of United States intelligence and security agencies led to the formation of the 9–11 Commission. The Commission was charged to conduct a series of hearings to investigate “the truth” and possible culpability for the security failure. During the hearings, many high-ranking officials of the United States Government – past and present administrations – were called to give testimony. Exchanges between some of those officials (Secretaries of State) and their interlocutor-interrogators can best be described as “evasive”, representing a series of discursive tactics which produce nonlinear patterning between adjacency pairs. Yet, despite evidence that use of indirect, evasive language is not uncommon in courtroom discourse, the construction of evasion within these exchanges, especially along partisan lines, appears to be co-constructed, broadening the notion of cooperation to include complicity and suggest an expanded definition of what can be considered “appropriate”. Thus, in an order of discourse fraught with conflicting agents – interrogators and witnesses (and in this particular case, Republicans and Democrats), witnesses maintain the appearance of cooperation within the conflict by answering questions through changing the direction of the question, mitigating the force of the imposition, and deflecting responsibility from an action that could prove politically embarrassing or damaging. This chapter uses a critical discourse analysis framework to examine the mediated political discourse of these interactions, illustrating how cooperative conflict and its concomitant evasive language necessitate a layered analysis of context. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.11par 201 1 Section header 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III: Bridging problems between micro and macro</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.162.12mie 203 233 31 Article 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">The attenuating conditional</TitleText> <TitlePrefix>The </TitlePrefix> <TitleWithoutPrefix textformat="02">attenuating conditional</TitleWithoutPrefix> <Subtitle textformat="02">Context, appropriateness and interaction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Johanna Miecznikowski Miecznikowski, Johanna Johanna Miecznikowski University of Turin, Italy 2 A01 Carla Bazzanella Bazzanella, Carla Carla Bazzanella University of Turin, Italy 01 The attenuative reading of the conditional form (condatt) in Italian and French illustrates the multifunctionality of linguistic structures and the necessity of analyzing them in their synergies with relevant contextual parameters. The condatt allows the speaker to allude to the existence of pragmatic prerequisites for his/her utterance without presenting them as taken for granted. An empirical study of spoken data reveals that at least in French this property has specific effects on various levels of interaction: the form expresses negotiability of the speaker’s acts; it preferredly encodes new information and contributes to structure the thematic progression of discourse; it tends to encode initiative and/or dispreferred communicative acts. These results lead us to formulate some hypotheses as to the condatt’s appropriateness with regard to global context. In particular, given that the form signals negotiability and is better compatible with a reduced rather than with a rich common ground, we expect it to be most appropriate in dialogical genres characterized by a low degree of acquaintance, a high degree of social distance between co-participants, and symmetry of social roles. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.13car 235 260 26 Article 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Collaborative use of contrastive markers</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Contextual and co-textual implications</Subtitle> 1 A01 Francesca Carota Carota, Francesca Francesca Carota Institut des Sciences Cognitives-CNRS, Lyon 01 The study presented in this paper examines the context-dependence and dialogue functions of the contrastive markers of Italian <i>ma</i> (but), <i>invece</i> (instead), <i>mentre</i> (while) and <i>però</i> (nevertheless) within task-oriented dialogues. Corpus data evidence their sensitivity to a acognitive interpersonal context, conceived as a <i>common ground</i>. Such a cognitive state – shared by co-participants through the coordinative process of grounding – interacts with the global dialogue structure, which is cognitively shaped by “meta-negotiating” and grounding the dialogue topic. Locally, the relation between the current dialogue structural units and the global dialogue topic is said to be specified by information structure, in particular intra-utterance <i>themes</i>. It is argued that contrastive markers re-orient the co-participants’ cognitive states towards grounding ungrounded topical aspects to be meta-negotiated. They offer a collaborative context-updating strategy, tracking the status of common ground during dialogue topic management. 10 01 JB code pbns.162.14ind 261 265 5 Miscellaneous 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20070713 2007 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 01 245 mm 02 164 mm 08 630 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 21 24 01 02 JB 1 00 105.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 111.30 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 24 02 02 JB 1 00 88.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 24 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 158.00 USD