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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
182
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Humor in Interaction
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pbns.182
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https://benjamins.com
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https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.182
1
B01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
Saarland University
2
B01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum Università di Bologna
01
eng
260
xvii
238
LAN009000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This is the first edited volume dedicated specifically to humor in interaction. It is a rich collection of essays by an international array of scholars representing various theoretical perspectives, but all concerned with interactional aspects of humor. The contributors are scholars active both in the interdisciplinary area of humor studies and in adjacent disciplines such as linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, gender and translation studies. The volume effectively offers an overview of the range of phenomena falling in the broad category of ‘conversational humor’, and convincingly argues for the many different functions humor can fulfill, bypassing simplistic humor theories reducing humor to one function. All the articles draw on empirical material from different countries and cultures, comprising conversations among friends and family, talk in workplace situations, humor in educational settings, and experimental approaches to humor in interaction. The book is sure to become an important reference and source of inspiration for scholars in the various subfields of humor studies, pragmatics and (socio-)linguistics.
05
This fascinating volume offers a range of perspectives on humour in interaction, in contexts as diverse as the home, the workplace and the school, and also in experimental settings. The resulting collection will be an invaluable resource for scholars, and makes a significant contribution to the development of the burgeoning field of language and humour studies.
Jennifer Coates, Professor of English Language & Linguistics, Roehampton University London
05
Most theoretical models of verbal humor are text-oriented. In contrast, the present interactional approach is speaker- and listener-oriented. Every paper in this volume demonstrates practical ways of collecting and interpretinginteractional data. An interactional approach allows an interdisciplinary description of how humor functions in discourse. This empirical groundedness shows that humor is an important linguistic tool in our everyday interaction. It serves multiple functions, such as construction of complex social identities or in-group affiliation. People draw on humor to construct their identities or to create intertextual connections. An interactional approach to humor emphasizes that any use of humor can be understood only in a particular context.
Ksenia Shilikhina, Voronezh State University, on Linguist List 21.3430 (2011)
05
This study of reality humor deserves the attention of those studying social interaction.
P.L. Derks, emeritus, College of William and Mary, in Choice, Vol. 41 No.11 (2010)
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ix
xvii
9
Article
1
01
Introduction: Humor and interaction
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I: Conversation among friends and family
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.01erv
3
28
26
Article
3
01
The occasioning of self-disclosure humor
The
occasioning of self-disclosure humor
1
A01
Susan M. Ervin-Tripp
Ervin-Tripp, Susan M.
Susan M.
Ervin-Tripp
2
A01
Martin Lampert
Lampert, Martin
Martin
Lampert
01
Humor can be an effective means for introducing or modulating a discussion on matters of personal importance. In this paper, we examine the circumstances under which humor appears in conversational self-disclosures with friends. In an exploratory sample of 94 cases of self-disclosing humor from natural peer conversations, we found humorous self-disclosures and self-disclosures accompanied by laughter to occur in the continuation of an ongoing topic within the contexts of humorous rounds, troubles talk, complex narration, and entertainments. We also found humorous self-disclosures to be involved in topic changes within conversation and as reactions to accidents and teasing. We provided extensive examples of each type of humorous self-disclosure and discuss these illustrations in light of prior research on gender differences. … so I walked crooked up on the stage. [other women laugh] UC Disclab WCON1
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.02nor
29
48
20
Article
4
01
Direct address as a resource for humor
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Claudia Bubel
Bubel, Claudia
Claudia
Bubel
01
This chapter explores the use of direct address to create humor in scripted jokes and in everyday conversation based on examples from corpora of transcribed conversational English. We take direct address to include any reference to a real or imagined listener with a proper or invented term of address. We show how forms of address in humor build on, extend and subvert the standard system. Direct address always has both an ‘attention, identification’ function and a ‘contact, expressive’ function, with one more prominent in any given context, but both these functions play various roles in the creation of humorous discourse, for instance when reciprocal direct address between friends, partners and family members leads to humorous banter in conversation. Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Alas, poor ape, how thou sweat’st! Come, let me wipe thy face. Come on, you whoreson chops. Ah, rogue! i’ faith, I love thee. Shakespeare Henry IV, Part II II. 4. 233–236
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.03kot
49
78
30
Article
5
01
An interactional approach to irony development
An
interactional approach to irony development
1
A01
Helga Kotthoff
Kotthoff, Helga
Helga
Kotthoff
01
This article discusses conversational data from a project on how pupils use irony and related forms of communication. It employs a Bakhtinian and frame analytic approach combined with a pragmatics of presumptive meaning to understand what sorts of irony nine-year-olds use. Some types of irony correspond to teasing, others more to critical comments or joint fantasy production. The children in the study often perform an authoritative, ironic voice directed at the supervising university students, thereby showing their knowledge of typical adult voices and stances, and the students join in the irony by “playing along.” Irony thus helps the students and children to create an in-group that plays with its knowledge of offi cial and unoffi cial stances and unites in sharing unoffi cial perspectives and attitudes.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.04ger
79
98
20
Article
6
01
Multimodal and intertextual humor in the media reception situation
The case of watching football on TV
1
A01
Cornelia Gerhardt
Gerhardt, Cornelia
Cornelia
Gerhardt
01
Based on natural data from media reception, the talk of television viewers watching football matches is analysed with regards to humor. Remarks on television are often greeted by (shared) laugher of the fans. However, laughter as such does not necessarily indicate humor. Instead, the celebrating fans also often laugh after goals. Principally, the fans appropriate the media text humorously either by multimodally referring to the pictures on the screen or by intertextually hinging their talk on the televised language. Formally, second person pronouns or sequences co-constructed with the sports announcers are used. Functionally, humor marks the activity as leisure. It helps the viewers negotiate world-views serving as contextualisation cue in the interpretation of the media text.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p2
Section header
7
01
Part II: Doing gender with humor in talk at work
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.05sch
101
124
24
Article
8
01
Using humor to do masculinity at work
1
A01
Stephanie Schnurr
Schnurr, Stephanie
Stephanie
Schnurr
2
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Workplaces constitute sites where individuals “do gender” while at the same time constructing their professional identities and meeting their organisation’s expectations. In most workplaces, a rather narrow range of masculine styles of interaction are considered normative. Discursive strategies associated with stereotypically masculine speech styles, as well as behaviours associated with the enactment of hegemonic masculinity are generally viewed as paradigmatic ways of interacting at work. Drawing on data recorded in a range of New Zealand professional organizations, this chapter investigates a range of ways in which normative masculinity is manifested in participants’ discourse, and how notions of masculinity are explored and exploited in workplace interactions. The investigation focuses on one particularly versatile discursive strategy frequently employed in talk at work, namely humor.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.06vin
125
140
16
Article
9
01
Boundary-marking humor
Institutional, gender and ethnic demarcation in the workplace
1
A01
Bernadette Vine
Vine, Bernadette
Bernadette
Vine
2
A01
Susan Kell
Kell, Susan
Susan
Kell
3
A01
Meredith Marra
Marra, Meredith
Meredith
Marra
4
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Drawing on recorded workplace meetings of Maori and Pakeha women in one New Zealand government department, this paper illustrates some of the complexities of boundary-marking humor. In particular, we analyse examples where the humor illuminates some of the tensions experienced by less powerful groups working within the institutional parameters or frameworks of more dominant groups or sources of influence. The relevant in-group shifts and the humor may correspondingly orient to boundaries dividing different institutional groups, different sexes, and different ethnic groups at different times. In each case, no members of the out-group are present and the humor functions to build solidarity and rapport between in-group members.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p3
Section header
10
01
Part III: Failed humor and its interactional effects
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.07bel
143
164
22
Article
11
01
Impolite responses to failed humor
1
A01
Nancy D. Bell
Bell, Nancy D.
Nancy D.
Bell
01
The data discussed in this paper come from a larger project designed to address the neglected area of failed humor. A corpus of 207 elicited responses to failed humor was collected. The focus here is on the 44% that were coded as impolite. Findings show that most responses attacked the speaker using offensive, positive impoliteness strategies. Given that failing at humor is already humiliating, why might these interlocutors have opted to further punish the tellers with aggravated face attacks? Four somewhat overlapping reasons are suggested: the disruptive nature of humor, the expectations hearers held of the teller’s behavior, the characteristics of the study participants, and the identity concerns or face claims of the hearer.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.08pri
165
184
20
Article
12
01
Failed humor in conversation
A double voicing analysis
1
A01
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
Priego-Valverde, Béatrice
Béatrice
Priego-Valverde
01
While humor in everyday conversation has been acknowledged widely as an area of linguistic research, failed humor has not received much linguistic attention. This paper describes unperceived humor and rejected humor, analyzing several examples from a conversational corpus using the double voicing approach according to Bakhtin. Unperceived humor can quickly lead to misunderstandings such as a joke being understood as a verbal attack. Rejected humor, on the other hand, is perceived but purposely ignored by one or several of the listeners, for instance in order to continue the discourse as planned. In both cases, the difference in mode of speech (bona fide communication versus non-serious communication) can be considered a major reason for the failure of humor.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p4
Article
13
01
Part IV: Humor in bilingual interactions
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.09ker
187
210
24
Article
14
01
Humor and interlanguage in a bilingual elementary school setting
1
A01
Kristin Kersten
Kersten, Kristin
Kristin
Kersten
01
This article focuses on the relationship between humor and language acquisition in a bilingual immersion setting. Data stems from picture story narrations by 18 informants taking part in an English immersion program in Germany. The analysis concentrates on instances of laughter and smiling as they appear spontaneously during the child narrations. In an initial step, different categories of laughter are identified and subsequently analyzed with regard to their relation to humor and to (the second) language, respectively. A final step of analysis discusses the functions of these categories within the social interaction of interviewer and child. The results point to young language learners’ use of humor (among other functions) as a mechanism to cope with the linguistic inadequacies of their interlanguage.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.10chi
211
232
22
Article
15
01
Cultural divide or unifying factor?
Humorous talk in the interaction of bilingual, cross-cultural couples
1
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
01
This essay sets out to explore a positive aspect of bilingual cross-cultural couples in long term relationships, namely the occurrence of what is considered a harmonious factor: humour. The results of a purpose-built questionnaire completed by 59 couples sheds light on a series of socio and psycholinguistic aspects of their daily relationship including language choice and attitudes in the domain of the couples’ ludic interaction, such as when they joke with each other verbally and their use of humorous talk. This essay reports the findings of the processed data that emerged from the questionnaires as well as qualitative data deriving from a series of semi-structured interviews. I love you, I love you , I love you, that’s all I want to say, until I find a way, I will say the only words I know that you’ll understand, my Michelle. (Lennon-McCartney)
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.16nam
233
235
3
Miscellaneous
16
01
Name index
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.17sub
237
238
2
Miscellaneous
17
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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2009
John Benjamins
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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P&bns 182 Hb
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9789027254276
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2009016221
BB
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P&bns
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0922-842X
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
182
01
Humor in Interaction
01
pbns.182
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.182
1
B01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
Saarland University
2
B01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum Università di Bologna
01
eng
260
xvii
238
LAN009000
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This is the first edited volume dedicated specifically to humor in interaction. It is a rich collection of essays by an international array of scholars representing various theoretical perspectives, but all concerned with interactional aspects of humor. The contributors are scholars active both in the interdisciplinary area of humor studies and in adjacent disciplines such as linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, gender and translation studies. The volume effectively offers an overview of the range of phenomena falling in the broad category of ‘conversational humor’, and convincingly argues for the many different functions humor can fulfill, bypassing simplistic humor theories reducing humor to one function. All the articles draw on empirical material from different countries and cultures, comprising conversations among friends and family, talk in workplace situations, humor in educational settings, and experimental approaches to humor in interaction. The book is sure to become an important reference and source of inspiration for scholars in the various subfields of humor studies, pragmatics and (socio-)linguistics.
05
This fascinating volume offers a range of perspectives on humour in interaction, in contexts as diverse as the home, the workplace and the school, and also in experimental settings. The resulting collection will be an invaluable resource for scholars, and makes a significant contribution to the development of the burgeoning field of language and humour studies.
Jennifer Coates, Professor of English Language & Linguistics, Roehampton University London
05
Most theoretical models of verbal humor are text-oriented. In contrast, the present interactional approach is speaker- and listener-oriented. Every paper in this volume demonstrates practical ways of collecting and interpretinginteractional data. An interactional approach allows an interdisciplinary description of how humor functions in discourse. This empirical groundedness shows that humor is an important linguistic tool in our everyday interaction. It serves multiple functions, such as construction of complex social identities or in-group affiliation. People draw on humor to construct their identities or to create intertextual connections. An interactional approach to humor emphasizes that any use of humor can be understood only in a particular context.
Ksenia Shilikhina, Voronezh State University, on Linguist List 21.3430 (2011)
05
This study of reality humor deserves the attention of those studying social interaction.
P.L. Derks, emeritus, College of William and Mary, in Choice, Vol. 41 No.11 (2010)
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.182.png
04
03
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10
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JB code
pbns.182.00toc
ix
xvii
9
Article
1
01
Introduction: Humor and interaction
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I: Conversation among friends and family
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.01erv
3
28
26
Article
3
01
The occasioning of self-disclosure humor
The
occasioning of self-disclosure humor
1
A01
Susan M. Ervin-Tripp
Ervin-Tripp, Susan M.
Susan M.
Ervin-Tripp
2
A01
Martin Lampert
Lampert, Martin
Martin
Lampert
01
Humor can be an effective means for introducing or modulating a discussion on matters of personal importance. In this paper, we examine the circumstances under which humor appears in conversational self-disclosures with friends. In an exploratory sample of 94 cases of self-disclosing humor from natural peer conversations, we found humorous self-disclosures and self-disclosures accompanied by laughter to occur in the continuation of an ongoing topic within the contexts of humorous rounds, troubles talk, complex narration, and entertainments. We also found humorous self-disclosures to be involved in topic changes within conversation and as reactions to accidents and teasing. We provided extensive examples of each type of humorous self-disclosure and discuss these illustrations in light of prior research on gender differences. … so I walked crooked up on the stage. [other women laugh] UC Disclab WCON1
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.02nor
29
48
20
Article
4
01
Direct address as a resource for humor
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Claudia Bubel
Bubel, Claudia
Claudia
Bubel
01
This chapter explores the use of direct address to create humor in scripted jokes and in everyday conversation based on examples from corpora of transcribed conversational English. We take direct address to include any reference to a real or imagined listener with a proper or invented term of address. We show how forms of address in humor build on, extend and subvert the standard system. Direct address always has both an ‘attention, identification’ function and a ‘contact, expressive’ function, with one more prominent in any given context, but both these functions play various roles in the creation of humorous discourse, for instance when reciprocal direct address between friends, partners and family members leads to humorous banter in conversation. Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Alas, poor ape, how thou sweat’st! Come, let me wipe thy face. Come on, you whoreson chops. Ah, rogue! i’ faith, I love thee. Shakespeare Henry IV, Part II II. 4. 233–236
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.03kot
49
78
30
Article
5
01
An interactional approach to irony development
An
interactional approach to irony development
1
A01
Helga Kotthoff
Kotthoff, Helga
Helga
Kotthoff
01
This article discusses conversational data from a project on how pupils use irony and related forms of communication. It employs a Bakhtinian and frame analytic approach combined with a pragmatics of presumptive meaning to understand what sorts of irony nine-year-olds use. Some types of irony correspond to teasing, others more to critical comments or joint fantasy production. The children in the study often perform an authoritative, ironic voice directed at the supervising university students, thereby showing their knowledge of typical adult voices and stances, and the students join in the irony by “playing along.” Irony thus helps the students and children to create an in-group that plays with its knowledge of offi cial and unoffi cial stances and unites in sharing unoffi cial perspectives and attitudes.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.04ger
79
98
20
Article
6
01
Multimodal and intertextual humor in the media reception situation
The case of watching football on TV
1
A01
Cornelia Gerhardt
Gerhardt, Cornelia
Cornelia
Gerhardt
01
Based on natural data from media reception, the talk of television viewers watching football matches is analysed with regards to humor. Remarks on television are often greeted by (shared) laugher of the fans. However, laughter as such does not necessarily indicate humor. Instead, the celebrating fans also often laugh after goals. Principally, the fans appropriate the media text humorously either by multimodally referring to the pictures on the screen or by intertextually hinging their talk on the televised language. Formally, second person pronouns or sequences co-constructed with the sports announcers are used. Functionally, humor marks the activity as leisure. It helps the viewers negotiate world-views serving as contextualisation cue in the interpretation of the media text.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p2
Section header
7
01
Part II: Doing gender with humor in talk at work
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.05sch
101
124
24
Article
8
01
Using humor to do masculinity at work
1
A01
Stephanie Schnurr
Schnurr, Stephanie
Stephanie
Schnurr
2
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Workplaces constitute sites where individuals “do gender” while at the same time constructing their professional identities and meeting their organisation’s expectations. In most workplaces, a rather narrow range of masculine styles of interaction are considered normative. Discursive strategies associated with stereotypically masculine speech styles, as well as behaviours associated with the enactment of hegemonic masculinity are generally viewed as paradigmatic ways of interacting at work. Drawing on data recorded in a range of New Zealand professional organizations, this chapter investigates a range of ways in which normative masculinity is manifested in participants’ discourse, and how notions of masculinity are explored and exploited in workplace interactions. The investigation focuses on one particularly versatile discursive strategy frequently employed in talk at work, namely humor.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.06vin
125
140
16
Article
9
01
Boundary-marking humor
Institutional, gender and ethnic demarcation in the workplace
1
A01
Bernadette Vine
Vine, Bernadette
Bernadette
Vine
2
A01
Susan Kell
Kell, Susan
Susan
Kell
3
A01
Meredith Marra
Marra, Meredith
Meredith
Marra
4
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Drawing on recorded workplace meetings of Maori and Pakeha women in one New Zealand government department, this paper illustrates some of the complexities of boundary-marking humor. In particular, we analyse examples where the humor illuminates some of the tensions experienced by less powerful groups working within the institutional parameters or frameworks of more dominant groups or sources of influence. The relevant in-group shifts and the humor may correspondingly orient to boundaries dividing different institutional groups, different sexes, and different ethnic groups at different times. In each case, no members of the out-group are present and the humor functions to build solidarity and rapport between in-group members.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p3
Section header
10
01
Part III: Failed humor and its interactional effects
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.07bel
143
164
22
Article
11
01
Impolite responses to failed humor
1
A01
Nancy D. Bell
Bell, Nancy D.
Nancy D.
Bell
01
The data discussed in this paper come from a larger project designed to address the neglected area of failed humor. A corpus of 207 elicited responses to failed humor was collected. The focus here is on the 44% that were coded as impolite. Findings show that most responses attacked the speaker using offensive, positive impoliteness strategies. Given that failing at humor is already humiliating, why might these interlocutors have opted to further punish the tellers with aggravated face attacks? Four somewhat overlapping reasons are suggested: the disruptive nature of humor, the expectations hearers held of the teller’s behavior, the characteristics of the study participants, and the identity concerns or face claims of the hearer.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.08pri
165
184
20
Article
12
01
Failed humor in conversation
A double voicing analysis
1
A01
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
Priego-Valverde, Béatrice
Béatrice
Priego-Valverde
01
While humor in everyday conversation has been acknowledged widely as an area of linguistic research, failed humor has not received much linguistic attention. This paper describes unperceived humor and rejected humor, analyzing several examples from a conversational corpus using the double voicing approach according to Bakhtin. Unperceived humor can quickly lead to misunderstandings such as a joke being understood as a verbal attack. Rejected humor, on the other hand, is perceived but purposely ignored by one or several of the listeners, for instance in order to continue the discourse as planned. In both cases, the difference in mode of speech (bona fide communication versus non-serious communication) can be considered a major reason for the failure of humor.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p4
Article
13
01
Part IV: Humor in bilingual interactions
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.09ker
187
210
24
Article
14
01
Humor and interlanguage in a bilingual elementary school setting
1
A01
Kristin Kersten
Kersten, Kristin
Kristin
Kersten
01
This article focuses on the relationship between humor and language acquisition in a bilingual immersion setting. Data stems from picture story narrations by 18 informants taking part in an English immersion program in Germany. The analysis concentrates on instances of laughter and smiling as they appear spontaneously during the child narrations. In an initial step, different categories of laughter are identified and subsequently analyzed with regard to their relation to humor and to (the second) language, respectively. A final step of analysis discusses the functions of these categories within the social interaction of interviewer and child. The results point to young language learners’ use of humor (among other functions) as a mechanism to cope with the linguistic inadequacies of their interlanguage.
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JB code
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232
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Article
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01
Cultural divide or unifying factor?
Humorous talk in the interaction of bilingual, cross-cultural couples
1
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
01
This essay sets out to explore a positive aspect of bilingual cross-cultural couples in long term relationships, namely the occurrence of what is considered a harmonious factor: humour. The results of a purpose-built questionnaire completed by 59 couples sheds light on a series of socio and psycholinguistic aspects of their daily relationship including language choice and attitudes in the domain of the couples’ ludic interaction, such as when they joke with each other verbally and their use of humorous talk. This essay reports the findings of the processed data that emerged from the questionnaires as well as qualitative data deriving from a series of semi-structured interviews. I love you, I love you , I love you, that’s all I want to say, until I find a way, I will say the only words I know that you’ll understand, my Michelle. (Lennon-McCartney)
10
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JB code
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233
235
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Miscellaneous
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Name index
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237
238
2
Miscellaneous
17
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
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20090703
2009
John Benjamins
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630
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JB
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+31 20 6304747
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bookorder@benjamins.nl
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https://benjamins.com
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EUR
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https://benjamins.com
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9789027256164
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2009016221
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0922-842X
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
182
01
Humor in Interaction
01
pbns.182
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.182
1
B01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
Saarland University
2
B01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
Alma mater studiorum Università di Bologna
01
eng
260
xvii
238
LAN009000
v.2006
CFG
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JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
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JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SOCIO
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
06
01
This is the first edited volume dedicated specifically to humor in interaction. It is a rich collection of essays by an international array of scholars representing various theoretical perspectives, but all concerned with interactional aspects of humor. The contributors are scholars active both in the interdisciplinary area of humor studies and in adjacent disciplines such as linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, gender and translation studies. The volume effectively offers an overview of the range of phenomena falling in the broad category of ‘conversational humor’, and convincingly argues for the many different functions humor can fulfill, bypassing simplistic humor theories reducing humor to one function. All the articles draw on empirical material from different countries and cultures, comprising conversations among friends and family, talk in workplace situations, humor in educational settings, and experimental approaches to humor in interaction. The book is sure to become an important reference and source of inspiration for scholars in the various subfields of humor studies, pragmatics and (socio-)linguistics.
05
This fascinating volume offers a range of perspectives on humour in interaction, in contexts as diverse as the home, the workplace and the school, and also in experimental settings. The resulting collection will be an invaluable resource for scholars, and makes a significant contribution to the development of the burgeoning field of language and humour studies.
Jennifer Coates, Professor of English Language & Linguistics, Roehampton University London
05
Most theoretical models of verbal humor are text-oriented. In contrast, the present interactional approach is speaker- and listener-oriented. Every paper in this volume demonstrates practical ways of collecting and interpretinginteractional data. An interactional approach allows an interdisciplinary description of how humor functions in discourse. This empirical groundedness shows that humor is an important linguistic tool in our everyday interaction. It serves multiple functions, such as construction of complex social identities or in-group affiliation. People draw on humor to construct their identities or to create intertextual connections. An interactional approach to humor emphasizes that any use of humor can be understood only in a particular context.
Ksenia Shilikhina, Voronezh State University, on Linguist List 21.3430 (2011)
05
This study of reality humor deserves the attention of those studying social interaction.
P.L. Derks, emeritus, College of William and Mary, in Choice, Vol. 41 No.11 (2010)
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JB code
pbns.182.00toc
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xvii
9
Article
1
01
Introduction: Humor and interaction
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.p1
Section header
2
01
Part I: Conversation among friends and family
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01
JB code
pbns.182.01erv
3
28
26
Article
3
01
The occasioning of self-disclosure humor
The
occasioning of self-disclosure humor
1
A01
Susan M. Ervin-Tripp
Ervin-Tripp, Susan M.
Susan M.
Ervin-Tripp
2
A01
Martin Lampert
Lampert, Martin
Martin
Lampert
01
Humor can be an effective means for introducing or modulating a discussion on matters of personal importance. In this paper, we examine the circumstances under which humor appears in conversational self-disclosures with friends. In an exploratory sample of 94 cases of self-disclosing humor from natural peer conversations, we found humorous self-disclosures and self-disclosures accompanied by laughter to occur in the continuation of an ongoing topic within the contexts of humorous rounds, troubles talk, complex narration, and entertainments. We also found humorous self-disclosures to be involved in topic changes within conversation and as reactions to accidents and teasing. We provided extensive examples of each type of humorous self-disclosure and discuss these illustrations in light of prior research on gender differences. … so I walked crooked up on the stage. [other women laugh] UC Disclab WCON1
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.02nor
29
48
20
Article
4
01
Direct address as a resource for humor
1
A01
Neal R. Norrick
Norrick, Neal R.
Neal R.
Norrick
2
A01
Claudia Bubel
Bubel, Claudia
Claudia
Bubel
01
This chapter explores the use of direct address to create humor in scripted jokes and in everyday conversation based on examples from corpora of transcribed conversational English. We take direct address to include any reference to a real or imagined listener with a proper or invented term of address. We show how forms of address in humor build on, extend and subvert the standard system. Direct address always has both an ‘attention, identification’ function and a ‘contact, expressive’ function, with one more prominent in any given context, but both these functions play various roles in the creation of humorous discourse, for instance when reciprocal direct address between friends, partners and family members leads to humorous banter in conversation. Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! Alas, poor ape, how thou sweat’st! Come, let me wipe thy face. Come on, you whoreson chops. Ah, rogue! i’ faith, I love thee. Shakespeare Henry IV, Part II II. 4. 233–236
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78
30
Article
5
01
An interactional approach to irony development
An
interactional approach to irony development
1
A01
Helga Kotthoff
Kotthoff, Helga
Helga
Kotthoff
01
This article discusses conversational data from a project on how pupils use irony and related forms of communication. It employs a Bakhtinian and frame analytic approach combined with a pragmatics of presumptive meaning to understand what sorts of irony nine-year-olds use. Some types of irony correspond to teasing, others more to critical comments or joint fantasy production. The children in the study often perform an authoritative, ironic voice directed at the supervising university students, thereby showing their knowledge of typical adult voices and stances, and the students join in the irony by “playing along.” Irony thus helps the students and children to create an in-group that plays with its knowledge of offi cial and unoffi cial stances and unites in sharing unoffi cial perspectives and attitudes.
10
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JB code
pbns.182.04ger
79
98
20
Article
6
01
Multimodal and intertextual humor in the media reception situation
The case of watching football on TV
1
A01
Cornelia Gerhardt
Gerhardt, Cornelia
Cornelia
Gerhardt
01
Based on natural data from media reception, the talk of television viewers watching football matches is analysed with regards to humor. Remarks on television are often greeted by (shared) laugher of the fans. However, laughter as such does not necessarily indicate humor. Instead, the celebrating fans also often laugh after goals. Principally, the fans appropriate the media text humorously either by multimodally referring to the pictures on the screen or by intertextually hinging their talk on the televised language. Formally, second person pronouns or sequences co-constructed with the sports announcers are used. Functionally, humor marks the activity as leisure. It helps the viewers negotiate world-views serving as contextualisation cue in the interpretation of the media text.
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pbns.182.p2
Section header
7
01
Part II: Doing gender with humor in talk at work
10
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JB code
pbns.182.05sch
101
124
24
Article
8
01
Using humor to do masculinity at work
1
A01
Stephanie Schnurr
Schnurr, Stephanie
Stephanie
Schnurr
2
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Workplaces constitute sites where individuals “do gender” while at the same time constructing their professional identities and meeting their organisation’s expectations. In most workplaces, a rather narrow range of masculine styles of interaction are considered normative. Discursive strategies associated with stereotypically masculine speech styles, as well as behaviours associated with the enactment of hegemonic masculinity are generally viewed as paradigmatic ways of interacting at work. Drawing on data recorded in a range of New Zealand professional organizations, this chapter investigates a range of ways in which normative masculinity is manifested in participants’ discourse, and how notions of masculinity are explored and exploited in workplace interactions. The investigation focuses on one particularly versatile discursive strategy frequently employed in talk at work, namely humor.
10
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JB code
pbns.182.06vin
125
140
16
Article
9
01
Boundary-marking humor
Institutional, gender and ethnic demarcation in the workplace
1
A01
Bernadette Vine
Vine, Bernadette
Bernadette
Vine
2
A01
Susan Kell
Kell, Susan
Susan
Kell
3
A01
Meredith Marra
Marra, Meredith
Meredith
Marra
4
A01
Janet Holmes
Holmes, Janet
Janet
Holmes
01
Drawing on recorded workplace meetings of Maori and Pakeha women in one New Zealand government department, this paper illustrates some of the complexities of boundary-marking humor. In particular, we analyse examples where the humor illuminates some of the tensions experienced by less powerful groups working within the institutional parameters or frameworks of more dominant groups or sources of influence. The relevant in-group shifts and the humor may correspondingly orient to boundaries dividing different institutional groups, different sexes, and different ethnic groups at different times. In each case, no members of the out-group are present and the humor functions to build solidarity and rapport between in-group members.
10
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JB code
pbns.182.p3
Section header
10
01
Part III: Failed humor and its interactional effects
10
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JB code
pbns.182.07bel
143
164
22
Article
11
01
Impolite responses to failed humor
1
A01
Nancy D. Bell
Bell, Nancy D.
Nancy D.
Bell
01
The data discussed in this paper come from a larger project designed to address the neglected area of failed humor. A corpus of 207 elicited responses to failed humor was collected. The focus here is on the 44% that were coded as impolite. Findings show that most responses attacked the speaker using offensive, positive impoliteness strategies. Given that failing at humor is already humiliating, why might these interlocutors have opted to further punish the tellers with aggravated face attacks? Four somewhat overlapping reasons are suggested: the disruptive nature of humor, the expectations hearers held of the teller’s behavior, the characteristics of the study participants, and the identity concerns or face claims of the hearer.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.08pri
165
184
20
Article
12
01
Failed humor in conversation
A double voicing analysis
1
A01
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
Priego-Valverde, Béatrice
Béatrice
Priego-Valverde
01
While humor in everyday conversation has been acknowledged widely as an area of linguistic research, failed humor has not received much linguistic attention. This paper describes unperceived humor and rejected humor, analyzing several examples from a conversational corpus using the double voicing approach according to Bakhtin. Unperceived humor can quickly lead to misunderstandings such as a joke being understood as a verbal attack. Rejected humor, on the other hand, is perceived but purposely ignored by one or several of the listeners, for instance in order to continue the discourse as planned. In both cases, the difference in mode of speech (bona fide communication versus non-serious communication) can be considered a major reason for the failure of humor.
10
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JB code
pbns.182.p4
Article
13
01
Part IV: Humor in bilingual interactions
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.09ker
187
210
24
Article
14
01
Humor and interlanguage in a bilingual elementary school setting
1
A01
Kristin Kersten
Kersten, Kristin
Kristin
Kersten
01
This article focuses on the relationship between humor and language acquisition in a bilingual immersion setting. Data stems from picture story narrations by 18 informants taking part in an English immersion program in Germany. The analysis concentrates on instances of laughter and smiling as they appear spontaneously during the child narrations. In an initial step, different categories of laughter are identified and subsequently analyzed with regard to their relation to humor and to (the second) language, respectively. A final step of analysis discusses the functions of these categories within the social interaction of interviewer and child. The results point to young language learners’ use of humor (among other functions) as a mechanism to cope with the linguistic inadequacies of their interlanguage.
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.10chi
211
232
22
Article
15
01
Cultural divide or unifying factor?
Humorous talk in the interaction of bilingual, cross-cultural couples
1
A01
Delia Chiaro
Chiaro, Delia
Delia
Chiaro
01
This essay sets out to explore a positive aspect of bilingual cross-cultural couples in long term relationships, namely the occurrence of what is considered a harmonious factor: humour. The results of a purpose-built questionnaire completed by 59 couples sheds light on a series of socio and psycholinguistic aspects of their daily relationship including language choice and attitudes in the domain of the couples’ ludic interaction, such as when they joke with each other verbally and their use of humorous talk. This essay reports the findings of the processed data that emerged from the questionnaires as well as qualitative data deriving from a series of semi-structured interviews. I love you, I love you , I love you, that’s all I want to say, until I find a way, I will say the only words I know that you’ll understand, my Michelle. (Lennon-McCartney)
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.16nam
233
235
3
Miscellaneous
16
01
Name index
10
01
JB code
pbns.182.17sub
237
238
2
Miscellaneous
17
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20090703
2009
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
01
240
mm
02
160
mm
08
495
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
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sales@bebc.co.uk
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GB
21
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JB
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John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
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49.95
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