20014918 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 249 Hb 15 9789027256546 06 10.1075/pbns.249 13 2014021645 00 BB 08 670 gr 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 249.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 Contexts of Subordination Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives 1 B01 01 JB code 651193561 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/651193561 2 B01 01 JB code 733193559 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733193559 3 B01 01 JB code 60193560 Helena Sorva Sorva, Helena Helena Sorva University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60193560 01 eng 11 296 03 03 viii 03 00 288 03 01 23 415 03 2014 P294 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Subordinate constructions. 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Clauses. 04 Typology (Linguistics) 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.TYP Typology 24 JB code LIN.URAL Uralic languages 01 06 02 00 This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. 03 00 Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.249.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027256546.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027256546.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.249.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.249.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.249.01her 06 10.1075/pbns.249.01her 1 16 16 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 724217756 Ilona Herlin Herlin, Ilona Ilona Herlin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/724217756 2 A01 01 JB code 944217757 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/944217757 3 A01 01 JB code 151217758 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/151217758 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.249.02lan 06 10.1075/pbns.249.02lan 17 72 56 Article 2 01 04 Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 650217759 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/650217759 01 eng 03 00 Subordination is no exception to the rule that basic and general notions are the hardest to characterize. There is in fact no guarantee that it represents a single or unified phenomenon. Rather than a definition, my immediate goal is thus to elucidate and clarify the numerous factors involved. I believe they are best understood in terms of an integrated account of meaning, grammar, processing, and discourse being developed in Cognitive Grammar (CG). Relative, complement, and adverbial clauses will be examined here by way of presenting and supporting this approach. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.03cri 06 10.1075/pbns.249.03cri 73 91 19 Article 3 01 04 Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? 1 A01 01 JB code 171217760 Sonia Cristofaro Cristofaro, Sonia Sonia Cristofaro 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/171217760 01 eng 03 00 While different criteria are used in the literature in order to define subordinate clauses, these clauses are generally assumed to form a syntactic category, in the sense of a syntactically defined class that is relevant to speakers of individual languages. Many phenomena that are usually regarded as distinctive for subordination, however, do not actually provide evidence for such a category. This is illustrated in the paper with regard to syntactic embedding. Different criteria provide conflicting evidence as to the embedded vs. nonembedded status of particular clauses, the same criteria give different results for the same clause types in different contexts, and individual criteria do not always make it possible to identify distinct clause classes. This is because the various phenomena that are usually regarded as evidence for embedding are not actually motivated in terms of the same principles, nor are they syntactically motivated. Rather, these phenomena reflect a variety of semantic and pragmatic principles, and in some cases originate from diachronic processes independent of the syntactic status of the relevant clauses. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.04jaa 06 10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa 93 124 32 Article 4 01 04 Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination 1 A01 01 JB code 717217761 Anni Jääskeläinen Jääskeläinen, Anni Anni Jääskeläinen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717217761 01 eng 03 00 This article describes the nature and meaning of a group of constructions that include different conjunctions and onomatopoetic expressions as their elements. Some of these conjunctions are subordinating, while others are coordinating; the constructions thus create depictions of various states of affairs using differing designs of construal, some with a more symmetrical design, others with an asymmetrical design. The tone of each construction varies, depending on the conjunction chosen and the order of the elements. Two types of constructions with subordinating conjunctions kun (‘when’) and kunnes (‘until’) are studied more closely in order to demonstrate how these constructions work and how they acquire their meaning. It will be argued that these constructions are recurring rhetoric patterns of narration and storytelling and that they are best studied as holistic patterns per se, not as sentences that can be divided into separate subordinate or coordinated clauses. It will also be suggested that their narrative power is, however, motivated by the more standard uses of the differing coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. One of these conjunctions is special: kunnes as a conjunction is a narrative device anticipating a dramatic change in the course of action, rather than a means of marking a clause as background information the way subordinating conjunctions normally do. Therefore, if something can be seen as the governing part in this kind of kunnes use, it is not just a single clause but an overall action and chain of events described earlier. Examining these rhetoric structures can shed light on subordination as a phenomenon in general. The article ends with a discussion of subordination, subordinate conjunctions and different descriptions of subordination. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.05pel 06 10.1075/pbns.249.05pel 125 146 22 Article 5 01 04 Subordination in purpose clauses Subordination in purpose clauses 01 04 Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French 1 A01 01 JB code 14217762 Rea Peltola Peltola, Rea Rea Peltola 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/14217762 01 eng 03 00 This paper investigates the variation between the indicative and conditional moods in purpose clauses in Finnish. It is argued that the use of the conditional mood can be explained by focusing on the intentional aspect of purpose relations. Due to its semantic origins, the Finnish conditional explicitly marks that the event coded by the purpose clause falls under the scope of the intentional space constructed in the main clause. By comparison, the indicative contributes to the chronological organization of events, highlighting the consequential aspect of a purpose relation. This analysis suggests that the Finnish conditional resembles the subjunctive in how it functions in purpose clauses, drawing a parallel with the French subjunctive. Subjunctive moods mark interclausal relations, as they call upon the interlocutor to interpret the event in the mental space that has been or will be constructed in the surrounding discourse. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.06vis 06 10.1075/pbns.249.06vis 147 172 26 Article 6 01 04 On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 572217763 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/572217763 01 eng 03 00 Studies on relative clauses commonly distinguish between two types of relative clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive. Research suggests that the restrictive relative clauses are subordinate and thus tightly connected to their main clause. Non-restrictive relative clauses, on the other hand, could often be replaced by a co-ordinating conjunction or by two independent clauses. Consequently, their status as subordinate constructions is called into question: they are categorized as non-subordinate relative constructions – or at least as being less subordinate than restrictive relative clauses. This article discusses the usefulness of the notions restrictive and non-restrictive relative clause in the description of Finnish data. Finnish joka clauses seem to be instantiating only one construction type, and its function as either restrictive or non-restrictive depends on contextual factors. However, analyzing relative clauses as merely just one construction type has theoretical implications for the research on subordination. If the same grammatical construction can have subordinate and non-subordinate functions only depending on the context it is used in, the question of what subordination is primarily becomes a matter of dynamic conceptualization. This article suggests that the Finnish joka construction is neither subordinate nor non-subordinate, but that it has construal potentials that are evoked in complex ways in the real contexts of use. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.07vil 06 10.1075/pbns.249.07vil 173 202 30 Article 7 01 04 More subordinate? More subordinate? 01 04 Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects 1 A01 01 JB code 391217764 Maria Vilkuna Vilkuna, Maria Maria Vilkuna 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391217764 01 eng 03 00 Finnish main and subordinate clauses are generally speaking similar in terms of constituent order: both typically obey the default (S)VO (more generally, VX) order. However, the order is flexible so that other, marked orders can be used to express discourse-related meaning, such as topic/focus relations. In addition, verb-final (XV) order typically accompanies clause-initial focusing in utterances that can be called reactive. Although the ordering options may be the same, main and subordinate clauses do not make equal use of them. The present article investigates this issue from the perspective of XV order, which is an option in subordinate clauses particularly in Western Finnish; it is also made use of in Standard Finnish texts, but more marginally. The starting point comes from an article by the Finnish linguist Eeva Lindén (Linden 1959). Lindén’s analysis offers a generalization on the role of subordinate XV order and relates it to clausal order in general, suggesting that XV order it signals subordination. The present article addresses this question by consulting dialectal material just as Lindén did, but by relying on larger corpora and more context. It will be demonstrated that XV ordered clauses are generally backgrounded, their profile overridden by that of another clause, while the default VX ordered clauses are more open and varied in their interpretation, extending to uses that can hardly be claimed to be subordinate by any account. The backgrounded character of XV subordinate clauses consists of factors that ultimately involve reliance on old information. These factors include providing a setting, identifying referents and states of affairs, and being in the scope of the main clause. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.08wik 06 10.1075/pbns.249.08wik 203 221 19 Article 8 01 04 Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus 1 A01 01 JB code 934217765 Mari Wiklund Wiklund, Mari Mari Wiklund 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934217765 01 eng 03 00 This article examines the role of French prosody in indicating a subordinate relationship between the clauses in L’étranger (The Stranger) by Albert Camus (1942) [1998]. More precisely, this article presents different prosodic realizations of the commas that occur between subordinate clauses and main clauses. The objective of the study is to determine if this particular syntactic position constrains the possible prosodic uses of the comma in French. This analysis has been conducted using the methods adopted in instrumental phonetics. Theoretically, this analysis is based on the predictive intonation theory proposed by Mertens (1987, 2008, 2011). 01 01 JB code pbns.249.09koi 06 10.1075/pbns.249.09koi 223 244 22 Article 9 01 04 Utterances ending in the conjunction etta Utterances ending in the conjunction että 01 04 Complete or to be continued? Complete or to be continued? 1 A01 01 JB code 511217766 Aino Koivisto Koivisto, Aino Aino Koivisto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/511217766 01 eng 03 00 This article presents an analysis of Finnish utterances that end in the conjunction että during conversational talk. Traditionally known as a complementizer, että is the equivalent to the English subordinating conjunction that. Thus, a linguistic unit that ends in että could be interpreted as being incomplete or as projecting a complement clause to follow. However, this study argues that some että-final utterances can be analyzed as being complete. Several arguments will be offered to support this claim. For example, syntactically, these utterances contain neither complement-taking predicates nor other complement-taking constructions that are associated with the conjunction että. This can be assumed to indicate that että does not function as a complementizer, but rather as a syntactically more independent particle that does not project a specific type of continuation. This claim is supported by the fact that other languages have conjunctions that are also developing uses as final particles. This analysis adopts the methodology and theoretical insights of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.10hav 06 10.1075/pbns.249.10hav 245 268 24 Article 10 01 04 French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 795217767 Eva Havu Havu, Eva Eva Havu 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/795217767 01 eng 03 00 The term ‘subordination’ is often associated with clause combining by conjunctions marking the linkage, but subordination can also be expressed by other means. Both French and Finnish have nonfinite constructions which can be regarded as subordinate clauses with an “operational dependency” towards the main clause. This is because their temporal, aspectual and modal implication is dependent on the semantics of the main clause. However, “traditional” subordinate clauses have a more explicit syntactic structure, whereas nonfinite constructions are constructionally more complex, different types of information being embedded in the construction. This paper first discusses French and Finnish converbs and their eventual correspondence, and then proceeds to examine six Finnish translations of French literary texts in order to see how translators have interpreted and translated the original French converbs. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.11pla 06 10.1075/pbns.249.11pla 269 286 18 Article 11 01 04 Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century 1 A01 01 JB code 334217768 Helen Plado Plado, Helen Helen Plado 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/334217768 01 eng 03 00 The change from temporal to cause is one of the well-known grammaticalization paths. This article analyses the change in the Estonian conjunction kuna, ‘while; as, because’ from temporal to causal one as well as the attitude of the Estonian language planners towards this change. This change has mainly taken place during the twentieth century. The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the prevailing use of the temporal use of kuna. However, during the latter part of the 20th century the use of kuna began to shift, and the use of causal kuna began to dominate. As an intermediary stage between the temporal and causal usages, kuna was used as an adversative temporal conjunction. The impact of this shift in usage of kuna as a causal conjunction has also slightly changed the use of other Estonian causal conjunctions. Initially, Estonian language planners adopted a strict attitude towards the change of kuna, but language planning could not halt this change. For example, editors continued to cross out the causal use of kuna, but they could not increase the temporal use, and this usage of the conjunction hardly appears in the written texts of the 1970s. However, the change was finally accepted in the 1990s. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.12ind 06 10.1075/pbns.249.12ind 287 288 2 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.249 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140904 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 20 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 95.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 20 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 143.00 USD 578014919 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 249 Eb 15 9789027269614 06 10.1075/pbns.249 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 249.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-pbns 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series (vols. 1–259 1988–2015) 05 02 P&bns (vols. 1–259, 1988–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-pragmatics 01 02 Subject collection: Pragmatics (804 titles, 1978–2015) 05 02 Pragmatics (1978–2015) 01 01 Contexts of Subordination Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives 1 B01 01 JB code 651193561 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/651193561 2 B01 01 JB code 733193559 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733193559 3 B01 01 JB code 60193560 Helena Sorva Sorva, Helena Helena Sorva University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60193560 01 eng 11 296 03 03 viii 03 00 288 03 01 23 415 03 2014 P294 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Subordinate constructions. 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Clauses. 04 Typology (Linguistics) 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.TYP Typology 24 JB code LIN.URAL Uralic languages 01 06 02 00 This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. 03 00 Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.249.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027256546.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027256546.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.249.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.249.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.249.01her 06 10.1075/pbns.249.01her 1 16 16 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 724217756 Ilona Herlin Herlin, Ilona Ilona Herlin 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/724217756 2 A01 01 JB code 944217757 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/944217757 3 A01 01 JB code 151217758 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/151217758 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.249.02lan 06 10.1075/pbns.249.02lan 17 72 56 Article 2 01 04 Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 650217759 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/650217759 01 eng 03 00 Subordination is no exception to the rule that basic and general notions are the hardest to characterize. There is in fact no guarantee that it represents a single or unified phenomenon. Rather than a definition, my immediate goal is thus to elucidate and clarify the numerous factors involved. I believe they are best understood in terms of an integrated account of meaning, grammar, processing, and discourse being developed in Cognitive Grammar (CG). Relative, complement, and adverbial clauses will be examined here by way of presenting and supporting this approach. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.03cri 06 10.1075/pbns.249.03cri 73 91 19 Article 3 01 04 Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? 1 A01 01 JB code 171217760 Sonia Cristofaro Cristofaro, Sonia Sonia Cristofaro 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/171217760 01 eng 03 00 While different criteria are used in the literature in order to define subordinate clauses, these clauses are generally assumed to form a syntactic category, in the sense of a syntactically defined class that is relevant to speakers of individual languages. Many phenomena that are usually regarded as distinctive for subordination, however, do not actually provide evidence for such a category. This is illustrated in the paper with regard to syntactic embedding. Different criteria provide conflicting evidence as to the embedded vs. nonembedded status of particular clauses, the same criteria give different results for the same clause types in different contexts, and individual criteria do not always make it possible to identify distinct clause classes. This is because the various phenomena that are usually regarded as evidence for embedding are not actually motivated in terms of the same principles, nor are they syntactically motivated. Rather, these phenomena reflect a variety of semantic and pragmatic principles, and in some cases originate from diachronic processes independent of the syntactic status of the relevant clauses. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.04jaa 06 10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa 93 124 32 Article 4 01 04 Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination 1 A01 01 JB code 717217761 Anni Jääskeläinen Jääskeläinen, Anni Anni Jääskeläinen 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717217761 01 eng 03 00 This article describes the nature and meaning of a group of constructions that include different conjunctions and onomatopoetic expressions as their elements. Some of these conjunctions are subordinating, while others are coordinating; the constructions thus create depictions of various states of affairs using differing designs of construal, some with a more symmetrical design, others with an asymmetrical design. The tone of each construction varies, depending on the conjunction chosen and the order of the elements. Two types of constructions with subordinating conjunctions kun (‘when’) and kunnes (‘until’) are studied more closely in order to demonstrate how these constructions work and how they acquire their meaning. It will be argued that these constructions are recurring rhetoric patterns of narration and storytelling and that they are best studied as holistic patterns per se, not as sentences that can be divided into separate subordinate or coordinated clauses. It will also be suggested that their narrative power is, however, motivated by the more standard uses of the differing coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. One of these conjunctions is special: kunnes as a conjunction is a narrative device anticipating a dramatic change in the course of action, rather than a means of marking a clause as background information the way subordinating conjunctions normally do. Therefore, if something can be seen as the governing part in this kind of kunnes use, it is not just a single clause but an overall action and chain of events described earlier. Examining these rhetoric structures can shed light on subordination as a phenomenon in general. The article ends with a discussion of subordination, subordinate conjunctions and different descriptions of subordination. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.05pel 06 10.1075/pbns.249.05pel 125 146 22 Article 5 01 04 Subordination in purpose clauses Subordination in purpose clauses 01 04 Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French 1 A01 01 JB code 14217762 Rea Peltola Peltola, Rea Rea Peltola 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/14217762 01 eng 03 00 This paper investigates the variation between the indicative and conditional moods in purpose clauses in Finnish. It is argued that the use of the conditional mood can be explained by focusing on the intentional aspect of purpose relations. Due to its semantic origins, the Finnish conditional explicitly marks that the event coded by the purpose clause falls under the scope of the intentional space constructed in the main clause. By comparison, the indicative contributes to the chronological organization of events, highlighting the consequential aspect of a purpose relation. This analysis suggests that the Finnish conditional resembles the subjunctive in how it functions in purpose clauses, drawing a parallel with the French subjunctive. Subjunctive moods mark interclausal relations, as they call upon the interlocutor to interpret the event in the mental space that has been or will be constructed in the surrounding discourse. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.06vis 06 10.1075/pbns.249.06vis 147 172 26 Article 6 01 04 On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 572217763 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/572217763 01 eng 03 00 Studies on relative clauses commonly distinguish between two types of relative clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive. Research suggests that the restrictive relative clauses are subordinate and thus tightly connected to their main clause. Non-restrictive relative clauses, on the other hand, could often be replaced by a co-ordinating conjunction or by two independent clauses. Consequently, their status as subordinate constructions is called into question: they are categorized as non-subordinate relative constructions – or at least as being less subordinate than restrictive relative clauses. This article discusses the usefulness of the notions restrictive and non-restrictive relative clause in the description of Finnish data. Finnish joka clauses seem to be instantiating only one construction type, and its function as either restrictive or non-restrictive depends on contextual factors. However, analyzing relative clauses as merely just one construction type has theoretical implications for the research on subordination. If the same grammatical construction can have subordinate and non-subordinate functions only depending on the context it is used in, the question of what subordination is primarily becomes a matter of dynamic conceptualization. This article suggests that the Finnish joka construction is neither subordinate nor non-subordinate, but that it has construal potentials that are evoked in complex ways in the real contexts of use. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.07vil 06 10.1075/pbns.249.07vil 173 202 30 Article 7 01 04 More subordinate? More subordinate? 01 04 Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects 1 A01 01 JB code 391217764 Maria Vilkuna Vilkuna, Maria Maria Vilkuna 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391217764 01 eng 03 00 Finnish main and subordinate clauses are generally speaking similar in terms of constituent order: both typically obey the default (S)VO (more generally, VX) order. However, the order is flexible so that other, marked orders can be used to express discourse-related meaning, such as topic/focus relations. In addition, verb-final (XV) order typically accompanies clause-initial focusing in utterances that can be called reactive. Although the ordering options may be the same, main and subordinate clauses do not make equal use of them. The present article investigates this issue from the perspective of XV order, which is an option in subordinate clauses particularly in Western Finnish; it is also made use of in Standard Finnish texts, but more marginally. The starting point comes from an article by the Finnish linguist Eeva Lindén (Linden 1959). Lindén’s analysis offers a generalization on the role of subordinate XV order and relates it to clausal order in general, suggesting that XV order it signals subordination. The present article addresses this question by consulting dialectal material just as Lindén did, but by relying on larger corpora and more context. It will be demonstrated that XV ordered clauses are generally backgrounded, their profile overridden by that of another clause, while the default VX ordered clauses are more open and varied in their interpretation, extending to uses that can hardly be claimed to be subordinate by any account. The backgrounded character of XV subordinate clauses consists of factors that ultimately involve reliance on old information. These factors include providing a setting, identifying referents and states of affairs, and being in the scope of the main clause. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.08wik 06 10.1075/pbns.249.08wik 203 221 19 Article 8 01 04 Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus 1 A01 01 JB code 934217765 Mari Wiklund Wiklund, Mari Mari Wiklund 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934217765 01 eng 03 00 This article examines the role of French prosody in indicating a subordinate relationship between the clauses in L’étranger (The Stranger) by Albert Camus (1942) [1998]. More precisely, this article presents different prosodic realizations of the commas that occur between subordinate clauses and main clauses. The objective of the study is to determine if this particular syntactic position constrains the possible prosodic uses of the comma in French. This analysis has been conducted using the methods adopted in instrumental phonetics. Theoretically, this analysis is based on the predictive intonation theory proposed by Mertens (1987, 2008, 2011). 01 01 JB code pbns.249.09koi 06 10.1075/pbns.249.09koi 223 244 22 Article 9 01 04 Utterances ending in the conjunction etta Utterances ending in the conjunction että 01 04 Complete or to be continued? Complete or to be continued? 1 A01 01 JB code 511217766 Aino Koivisto Koivisto, Aino Aino Koivisto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/511217766 01 eng 03 00 This article presents an analysis of Finnish utterances that end in the conjunction että during conversational talk. Traditionally known as a complementizer, että is the equivalent to the English subordinating conjunction that. Thus, a linguistic unit that ends in että could be interpreted as being incomplete or as projecting a complement clause to follow. However, this study argues that some että-final utterances can be analyzed as being complete. Several arguments will be offered to support this claim. For example, syntactically, these utterances contain neither complement-taking predicates nor other complement-taking constructions that are associated with the conjunction että. This can be assumed to indicate that että does not function as a complementizer, but rather as a syntactically more independent particle that does not project a specific type of continuation. This claim is supported by the fact that other languages have conjunctions that are also developing uses as final particles. This analysis adopts the methodology and theoretical insights of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.10hav 06 10.1075/pbns.249.10hav 245 268 24 Article 10 01 04 French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 795217767 Eva Havu Havu, Eva Eva Havu 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/795217767 01 eng 03 00 The term ‘subordination’ is often associated with clause combining by conjunctions marking the linkage, but subordination can also be expressed by other means. Both French and Finnish have nonfinite constructions which can be regarded as subordinate clauses with an “operational dependency” towards the main clause. This is because their temporal, aspectual and modal implication is dependent on the semantics of the main clause. However, “traditional” subordinate clauses have a more explicit syntactic structure, whereas nonfinite constructions are constructionally more complex, different types of information being embedded in the construction. This paper first discusses French and Finnish converbs and their eventual correspondence, and then proceeds to examine six Finnish translations of French literary texts in order to see how translators have interpreted and translated the original French converbs. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.11pla 06 10.1075/pbns.249.11pla 269 286 18 Article 11 01 04 Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century 1 A01 01 JB code 334217768 Helen Plado Plado, Helen Helen Plado 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/334217768 01 eng 03 00 The change from temporal to cause is one of the well-known grammaticalization paths. This article analyses the change in the Estonian conjunction kuna, ‘while; as, because’ from temporal to causal one as well as the attitude of the Estonian language planners towards this change. This change has mainly taken place during the twentieth century. The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the prevailing use of the temporal use of kuna. However, during the latter part of the 20th century the use of kuna began to shift, and the use of causal kuna began to dominate. As an intermediary stage between the temporal and causal usages, kuna was used as an adversative temporal conjunction. The impact of this shift in usage of kuna as a causal conjunction has also slightly changed the use of other Estonian causal conjunctions. Initially, Estonian language planners adopted a strict attitude towards the change of kuna, but language planning could not halt this change. For example, editors continued to cross out the causal use of kuna, but they could not increase the temporal use, and this usage of the conjunction hardly appears in the written texts of the 1970s. However, the change was finally accepted in the 1990s. 01 01 JB code pbns.249.12ind 06 10.1075/pbns.249.12ind 287 288 2 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 eng 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.249 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140904 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027256546 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027269614 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 143.00 USD 655015765 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 249 GE 15 9789027269614 06 10.1075/pbns.249 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 JB code 0922-842X 02 249.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 Contexts of Subordination Contexts of Subordination 1 B01 01 JB code 651193561 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää University of Helsinki 2 B01 01 JB code 733193559 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski University of Helsinki 3 B01 01 JB code 60193560 Helena Sorva Sorva, Helena Helena Sorva University of Helsinki 01 eng 11 296 03 03 viii 03 00 288 03 24 JB code LIN.COGN Cognition and language 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SYNTAX Syntax 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.TYP Typology 24 JB code LIN.URAL Uralic languages 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 01 06 02 00 This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. 03 00 Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.249.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027256546.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027256546.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.249.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.249.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.249.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.249.01her 06 10.1075/pbns.249.01her 1 16 16 Article 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 724217756 Ilona Herlin Herlin, Ilona Ilona Herlin 2 A01 01 JB code 944217757 Jyrki Kalliokoski Kalliokoski, Jyrki Jyrki Kalliokoski 3 A01 01 JB code 151217758 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 01 01 JB code pbns.249.02lan 06 10.1075/pbns.249.02lan 17 72 56 Article 2 01 04 Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar 1 A01 01 JB code 650217759 Ronald W. Langacker Langacker, Ronald W. Ronald W. Langacker 01 01 JB code pbns.249.03cri 06 10.1075/pbns.249.03cri 73 91 19 Article 3 01 04 Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? 1 A01 01 JB code 171217760 Sonia Cristofaro Cristofaro, Sonia Sonia Cristofaro 01 01 JB code pbns.249.04jaa 06 10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa 93 124 32 Article 4 01 04 Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination 1 A01 01 JB code 717217761 Anni Jääskeläinen Jääskeläinen, Anni Anni Jääskeläinen 01 01 JB code pbns.249.05pel 06 10.1075/pbns.249.05pel 125 146 22 Article 5 01 04 Subordination in purpose clauses Subordination in purpose clauses 01 04 Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French 1 A01 01 JB code 14217762 Rea Peltola Peltola, Rea Rea Peltola 01 01 JB code pbns.249.06vis 06 10.1075/pbns.249.06vis 147 172 26 Article 6 01 04 On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 572217763 Laura Visapää Visapää, Laura Laura Visapää 01 01 JB code pbns.249.07vil 06 10.1075/pbns.249.07vil 173 202 30 Article 7 01 04 More subordinate? More subordinate? 01 04 Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects 1 A01 01 JB code 391217764 Maria Vilkuna Vilkuna, Maria Maria Vilkuna 01 01 JB code pbns.249.08wik 06 10.1075/pbns.249.08wik 203 221 19 Article 8 01 04 Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus 1 A01 01 JB code 934217765 Mari Wiklund Wiklund, Mari Mari Wiklund 01 01 JB code pbns.249.09koi 06 10.1075/pbns.249.09koi 223 244 22 Article 9 01 04 Utterances ending in the conjunction etta Utterances ending in the conjunction että 01 04 Complete or to be continued? Complete or to be continued? 1 A01 01 JB code 511217766 Aino Koivisto Koivisto, Aino Aino Koivisto 01 01 JB code pbns.249.10hav 06 10.1075/pbns.249.10hav 245 268 24 Article 10 01 04 French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish 1 A01 01 JB code 795217767 Eva Havu Havu, Eva Eva Havu 01 01 JB code pbns.249.11pla 06 10.1075/pbns.249.11pla 269 286 18 Article 11 01 04 Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century 1 A01 01 JB code 334217768 Helen Plado Plado, Helen Helen Plado 01 01 JB code pbns.249.12ind 06 10.1075/pbns.249.12ind 287 288 2 Miscellaneous 12 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20140904 C 2014 John Benjamins D 2014 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027256546 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 80.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 143.00 USD