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Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
01
01
Contexts of Subordination
Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives
Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives
1
B01
01
JB code
651193561
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/651193561
2
B01
01
JB code
733193559
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733193559
3
B01
01
JB code
60193560
Helena Sorva
Sorva, Helena
Helena
Sorva
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60193560
01
eng
11
296
03
03
viii
03
00
288
03
01
23
415
03
2014
P294
04
Grammar, Comparative and general--Subordinate constructions.
04
Grammar, Comparative and general--Clauses.
04
Typology (Linguistics)
10
LAN009000
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CFG
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JB code
LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
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LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
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LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
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LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
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LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
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Typology
24
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LIN.URAL
Uralic languages
01
06
02
00
This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language.
03
00
Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies.
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16
16
Article
1
01
04
Introduction
Introduction
1
A01
01
JB code
724217756
Ilona Herlin
Herlin, Ilona
Ilona
Herlin
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/724217756
2
A01
01
JB code
944217757
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/944217757
3
A01
01
JB code
151217758
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/151217758
01
eng
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.02lan
06
10.1075/pbns.249.02lan
17
72
56
Article
2
01
04
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
1
A01
01
JB code
650217759
Ronald W. Langacker
Langacker, Ronald W.
Ronald W.
Langacker
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/650217759
01
eng
03
00
Subordination is no exception to the rule that basic and general notions are the hardest to characterize. There is in fact no guarantee that it represents a single or unified phenomenon. Rather than a definition, my immediate goal is thus to elucidate and clarify the numerous factors involved. I believe they are best understood in terms of an integrated account of meaning, grammar, processing, and discourse being developed in Cognitive Grammar (CG). Relative, complement, and adverbial clauses will be examined here by way of presenting and supporting this approach.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.03cri
06
10.1075/pbns.249.03cri
73
91
19
Article
3
01
04
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
1
A01
01
JB code
171217760
Sonia Cristofaro
Cristofaro, Sonia
Sonia
Cristofaro
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/171217760
01
eng
03
00
While different criteria are used in the literature in order to define subordinate clauses, these clauses are generally assumed to form a syntactic category, in the sense of a syntactically defined class that is relevant to speakers of individual languages. Many phenomena that are usually regarded as distinctive for subordination, however, do not actually provide evidence for such a category. This is illustrated in the paper with regard to syntactic embedding. Different criteria provide conflicting evidence as to the embedded vs. nonembedded status of particular clauses, the same criteria give different results for the same clause types in different contexts, and individual criteria do not always make it possible to identify distinct clause classes. This is because the various phenomena that are usually regarded as evidence for embedding are not actually motivated in terms of the same principles, nor are they syntactically motivated. Rather, these phenomena reflect a variety of semantic and pragmatic principles, and in some cases originate from diachronic processes independent of the syntactic status of the relevant clauses.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.04jaa
06
10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa
93
124
32
Article
4
01
04
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
1
A01
01
JB code
717217761
Anni Jääskeläinen
Jääskeläinen, Anni
Anni
Jääskeläinen
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717217761
01
eng
03
00
This article describes the nature and meaning of a group of constructions that include different conjunctions and onomatopoetic expressions as their elements. Some of these conjunctions are subordinating, while others are coordinating; the constructions thus create depictions of various states of affairs using differing designs of construal, some with a more symmetrical design, others with an asymmetrical design. The tone of each construction varies, depending on the conjunction chosen and the order of the elements. Two types of constructions with subordinating conjunctions kun (‘when’) and kunnes (‘until’) are studied more closely in order to demonstrate how these constructions work and how they acquire their meaning. It will be argued that these constructions are recurring rhetoric patterns of narration and storytelling and that they are best studied as holistic patterns per se, not as sentences that can be divided into separate subordinate or coordinated clauses. It will also be suggested that their narrative power is, however, motivated by the more standard uses of the differing coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. One of these conjunctions is special: kunnes as a conjunction is a narrative device anticipating a dramatic change in the course of action, rather than a means of marking a clause as background information the way subordinating conjunctions normally do. Therefore, if something can be seen as the governing part in this kind of kunnes use, it is not just a single clause but an overall action and chain of events described earlier. Examining these rhetoric structures can shed light on subordination as a phenomenon in general. The article ends with a discussion of subordination, subordinate conjunctions and different descriptions of subordination.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.05pel
06
10.1075/pbns.249.05pel
125
146
22
Article
5
01
04
Subordination in purpose clauses
Subordination in purpose clauses
01
04
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
1
A01
01
JB code
14217762
Rea Peltola
Peltola, Rea
Rea
Peltola
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/14217762
01
eng
03
00
This paper investigates the variation between the indicative and conditional moods in purpose clauses in Finnish. It is argued that the use of the conditional mood can be explained by focusing on the intentional aspect of purpose relations. Due to its semantic origins, the Finnish conditional explicitly marks that the event coded by the purpose clause falls under the scope of the intentional space constructed in the main clause. By comparison, the indicative contributes to the chronological organization of events, highlighting the consequential aspect of a purpose relation. This analysis suggests that the Finnish conditional resembles the subjunctive in how it functions in purpose clauses, drawing a parallel with the French subjunctive. Subjunctive moods mark interclausal relations, as they call upon the interlocutor to interpret the event in the mental space that has been or will be constructed in the surrounding discourse.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.06vis
06
10.1075/pbns.249.06vis
147
172
26
Article
6
01
04
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
572217763
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/572217763
01
eng
03
00
Studies on relative clauses commonly distinguish between two types of relative clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive. Research suggests that the restrictive relative clauses are subordinate and thus tightly connected to their main clause. Non-restrictive relative clauses, on the other hand, could often be replaced by a co-ordinating conjunction or by two independent clauses. Consequently, their status as subordinate constructions is called into question: they are categorized as non-subordinate relative constructions – or at least as being less subordinate than restrictive relative clauses. This article discusses the usefulness of the notions restrictive and non-restrictive relative clause in the description of Finnish data. Finnish joka clauses seem to be instantiating only one construction type, and its function as either restrictive or non-restrictive depends on contextual factors. However, analyzing relative clauses as merely just one construction type has theoretical implications for the research on subordination. If the same grammatical construction can have subordinate and non-subordinate functions only depending on the context it is used in, the question of what subordination is primarily becomes a matter of dynamic conceptualization. This article suggests that the Finnish joka construction is neither subordinate nor non-subordinate, but that it has construal potentials that are evoked in complex ways in the real contexts of use.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.07vil
06
10.1075/pbns.249.07vil
173
202
30
Article
7
01
04
More subordinate?
More subordinate?
01
04
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
1
A01
01
JB code
391217764
Maria Vilkuna
Vilkuna, Maria
Maria
Vilkuna
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391217764
01
eng
03
00
Finnish main and subordinate clauses are generally speaking similar in terms of constituent order: both typically obey the default (S)VO (more generally, VX) order. However, the order is flexible so that other, marked orders can be used to express discourse-related meaning, such as topic/focus relations. In addition, verb-final (XV) order typically accompanies clause-initial focusing in utterances that can be called reactive. Although the ordering options may be the same, main and subordinate clauses do not make equal use of them. The present article investigates this issue from the perspective of XV order, which is an option in subordinate clauses particularly in Western Finnish; it is also made use of in Standard Finnish texts, but more marginally. The starting point comes from an article by the Finnish linguist Eeva Lindén (Linden 1959). Lindén’s analysis offers a generalization on the role of subordinate XV order and relates it to clausal order in general, suggesting that XV order it signals subordination. The present article addresses this question by consulting dialectal material just as Lindén did, but by relying on larger corpora and more context. It will be demonstrated that XV ordered clauses are generally backgrounded, their profile overridden by that of another clause, while the default VX ordered clauses are more open and varied in their interpretation, extending to uses that can hardly be claimed to be subordinate by any account. The backgrounded character of XV subordinate clauses consists of factors that ultimately involve reliance on old information. These factors include providing a setting, identifying referents and states of affairs, and being in the scope of the main clause.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.08wik
06
10.1075/pbns.249.08wik
203
221
19
Article
8
01
04
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus
1
A01
01
JB code
934217765
Mari Wiklund
Wiklund, Mari
Mari
Wiklund
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934217765
01
eng
03
00
This article examines the role of French prosody in indicating a subordinate relationship between the clauses in L’étranger (The Stranger) by Albert Camus (1942) [1998]. More precisely, this article presents different prosodic realizations of the commas that occur between subordinate clauses and main clauses. The objective of the study is to determine if this particular syntactic position constrains the possible prosodic uses of the comma in French. This analysis has been conducted using the methods adopted in instrumental phonetics. Theoretically, this analysis is based on the predictive intonation theory proposed by Mertens (1987, 2008, 2011).
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.09koi
06
10.1075/pbns.249.09koi
223
244
22
Article
9
01
04
Utterances ending in the conjunction etta
Utterances ending in the conjunction että
01
04
Complete or to be continued?
Complete or to be continued?
1
A01
01
JB code
511217766
Aino Koivisto
Koivisto, Aino
Aino
Koivisto
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/511217766
01
eng
03
00
This article presents an analysis of Finnish utterances that end in the conjunction että during conversational talk. Traditionally known as a complementizer, että is the equivalent to the English subordinating conjunction that. Thus, a linguistic unit that ends in että could be interpreted as being incomplete or as projecting a complement clause to follow. However, this study argues that some että-final utterances can be analyzed as being complete. Several arguments will be offered to support this claim. For example, syntactically, these utterances contain neither complement-taking predicates nor other complement-taking constructions that are associated with the conjunction että. This can be assumed to indicate that että does not function as a complementizer, but rather as a syntactically more independent particle that does not project a specific type of continuation. This claim is supported by the fact that other languages have conjunctions that are also developing uses as final particles. This analysis adopts the methodology and theoretical insights of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.10hav
06
10.1075/pbns.249.10hav
245
268
24
Article
10
01
04
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
795217767
Eva Havu
Havu, Eva
Eva
Havu
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/795217767
01
eng
03
00
The term ‘subordination’ is often associated with clause combining by conjunctions marking the linkage, but subordination can also be expressed by other means. Both French and Finnish have nonfinite constructions which can be regarded as subordinate clauses with an “operational dependency” towards the main clause. This is because their temporal, aspectual and modal implication is dependent on the semantics of the main clause. However, “traditional” subordinate clauses have a more explicit syntactic structure, whereas nonfinite constructions are constructionally more complex, different types of information being embedded in the construction. This paper first discusses French and Finnish converbs and their eventual correspondence, and then proceeds to examine six Finnish translations of French literary texts in order to see how translators have interpreted and translated the original French converbs.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.11pla
06
10.1075/pbns.249.11pla
269
286
18
Article
11
01
04
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century
1
A01
01
JB code
334217768
Helen Plado
Plado, Helen
Helen
Plado
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/334217768
01
eng
03
00
The change from temporal to cause is one of the well-known grammaticalization paths. This article analyses the change in the Estonian conjunction kuna, ‘while; as, because’ from temporal to causal one as well as the attitude of the Estonian language planners towards this change. This change has mainly taken place during the twentieth century. The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the prevailing use of the temporal use of kuna. However, during the latter part of the 20th century the use of kuna began to shift, and the use of causal kuna began to dominate. As an intermediary stage between the temporal and causal usages, kuna was used as an adversative temporal conjunction. The impact of this shift in usage of kuna as a causal conjunction has also slightly changed the use of other Estonian causal conjunctions. Initially, Estonian language planners adopted a strict attitude towards the change of kuna, but language planning could not halt this change. For example, editors continued to cross out the causal use of kuna, but they could not increase the temporal use, and this usage of the conjunction hardly appears in the written texts of the 1970s. However, the change was finally accepted in the 1990s.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.12ind
06
10.1075/pbns.249.12ind
287
288
2
Miscellaneous
12
01
04
Index
Index
01
eng
01
JB code
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
01
JB code
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.249
Amsterdam
NL
00
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
04
01
00
20140904
C
2014
John Benjamins
D
2014
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
WORLD
US CA MX
09
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
21
20
16
01
00
Unqualified price
02
JB
1
02
95.00
EUR
02
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Unqualified price
02
80.00
01
Z
0
GBP
GB
US CA MX
01
01
JB
2
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
21
20
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01
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Unqualified price
02
JB
1
02
143.00
USD
578014919
03
01
01
JB code
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
P&bns 249 Eb
15
9789027269614
06
10.1075/pbns.249
00
EA
E107
10
01
JB code
P&bns
02
0922-842X
02
249.00
01
02
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
11
01
JB code
jbe-all
01
02
Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles)
11
01
JB code
jbe-2015-all
01
02
Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015)
05
02
Complete backlist (1967–2015)
11
01
JB code
jbe-2015-pbns
01
02
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series (vols. 1–259 1988–2015)
05
02
P&bns (vols. 1–259, 1988–2015)
11
01
JB code
jbe-2015-linguistics
01
02
Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015)
05
02
Linguistics (1967–2015)
11
01
JB code
jbe-2015-pragmatics
01
02
Subject collection: Pragmatics (804 titles, 1978–2015)
05
02
Pragmatics (1978–2015)
01
01
Contexts of Subordination
Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives
Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives
1
B01
01
JB code
651193561
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/651193561
2
B01
01
JB code
733193559
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/733193559
3
B01
01
JB code
60193560
Helena Sorva
Sorva, Helena
Helena
Sorva
University of Helsinki
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/60193560
01
eng
11
296
03
03
viii
03
00
288
03
01
23
415
03
2014
P294
04
Grammar, Comparative and general--Subordinate constructions.
04
Grammar, Comparative and general--Clauses.
04
Typology (Linguistics)
10
LAN009000
12
CFG
24
JB code
LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
24
JB code
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB code
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB code
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB code
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
JB code
LIN.TYP
Typology
24
JB code
LIN.URAL
Uralic languages
01
06
02
00
This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language.
03
00
Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies.
01
00
03
01
01
D503
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pbns.249.01her
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10.1075/pbns.249.01her
1
16
16
Article
1
01
04
Introduction
Introduction
1
A01
01
JB code
724217756
Ilona Herlin
Herlin, Ilona
Ilona
Herlin
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/724217756
2
A01
01
JB code
944217757
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/944217757
3
A01
01
JB code
151217758
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/151217758
01
eng
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.02lan
06
10.1075/pbns.249.02lan
17
72
56
Article
2
01
04
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
1
A01
01
JB code
650217759
Ronald W. Langacker
Langacker, Ronald W.
Ronald W.
Langacker
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/650217759
01
eng
03
00
Subordination is no exception to the rule that basic and general notions are the hardest to characterize. There is in fact no guarantee that it represents a single or unified phenomenon. Rather than a definition, my immediate goal is thus to elucidate and clarify the numerous factors involved. I believe they are best understood in terms of an integrated account of meaning, grammar, processing, and discourse being developed in Cognitive Grammar (CG). Relative, complement, and adverbial clauses will be examined here by way of presenting and supporting this approach.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.03cri
06
10.1075/pbns.249.03cri
73
91
19
Article
3
01
04
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
1
A01
01
JB code
171217760
Sonia Cristofaro
Cristofaro, Sonia
Sonia
Cristofaro
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/171217760
01
eng
03
00
While different criteria are used in the literature in order to define subordinate clauses, these clauses are generally assumed to form a syntactic category, in the sense of a syntactically defined class that is relevant to speakers of individual languages. Many phenomena that are usually regarded as distinctive for subordination, however, do not actually provide evidence for such a category. This is illustrated in the paper with regard to syntactic embedding. Different criteria provide conflicting evidence as to the embedded vs. nonembedded status of particular clauses, the same criteria give different results for the same clause types in different contexts, and individual criteria do not always make it possible to identify distinct clause classes. This is because the various phenomena that are usually regarded as evidence for embedding are not actually motivated in terms of the same principles, nor are they syntactically motivated. Rather, these phenomena reflect a variety of semantic and pragmatic principles, and in some cases originate from diachronic processes independent of the syntactic status of the relevant clauses.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.04jaa
06
10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa
93
124
32
Article
4
01
04
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
1
A01
01
JB code
717217761
Anni Jääskeläinen
Jääskeläinen, Anni
Anni
Jääskeläinen
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/717217761
01
eng
03
00
This article describes the nature and meaning of a group of constructions that include different conjunctions and onomatopoetic expressions as their elements. Some of these conjunctions are subordinating, while others are coordinating; the constructions thus create depictions of various states of affairs using differing designs of construal, some with a more symmetrical design, others with an asymmetrical design. The tone of each construction varies, depending on the conjunction chosen and the order of the elements. Two types of constructions with subordinating conjunctions kun (‘when’) and kunnes (‘until’) are studied more closely in order to demonstrate how these constructions work and how they acquire their meaning. It will be argued that these constructions are recurring rhetoric patterns of narration and storytelling and that they are best studied as holistic patterns per se, not as sentences that can be divided into separate subordinate or coordinated clauses. It will also be suggested that their narrative power is, however, motivated by the more standard uses of the differing coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. One of these conjunctions is special: kunnes as a conjunction is a narrative device anticipating a dramatic change in the course of action, rather than a means of marking a clause as background information the way subordinating conjunctions normally do. Therefore, if something can be seen as the governing part in this kind of kunnes use, it is not just a single clause but an overall action and chain of events described earlier. Examining these rhetoric structures can shed light on subordination as a phenomenon in general. The article ends with a discussion of subordination, subordinate conjunctions and different descriptions of subordination.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.05pel
06
10.1075/pbns.249.05pel
125
146
22
Article
5
01
04
Subordination in purpose clauses
Subordination in purpose clauses
01
04
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
1
A01
01
JB code
14217762
Rea Peltola
Peltola, Rea
Rea
Peltola
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/14217762
01
eng
03
00
This paper investigates the variation between the indicative and conditional moods in purpose clauses in Finnish. It is argued that the use of the conditional mood can be explained by focusing on the intentional aspect of purpose relations. Due to its semantic origins, the Finnish conditional explicitly marks that the event coded by the purpose clause falls under the scope of the intentional space constructed in the main clause. By comparison, the indicative contributes to the chronological organization of events, highlighting the consequential aspect of a purpose relation. This analysis suggests that the Finnish conditional resembles the subjunctive in how it functions in purpose clauses, drawing a parallel with the French subjunctive. Subjunctive moods mark interclausal relations, as they call upon the interlocutor to interpret the event in the mental space that has been or will be constructed in the surrounding discourse.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.06vis
06
10.1075/pbns.249.06vis
147
172
26
Article
6
01
04
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
572217763
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/572217763
01
eng
03
00
Studies on relative clauses commonly distinguish between two types of relative clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive. Research suggests that the restrictive relative clauses are subordinate and thus tightly connected to their main clause. Non-restrictive relative clauses, on the other hand, could often be replaced by a co-ordinating conjunction or by two independent clauses. Consequently, their status as subordinate constructions is called into question: they are categorized as non-subordinate relative constructions – or at least as being less subordinate than restrictive relative clauses. This article discusses the usefulness of the notions restrictive and non-restrictive relative clause in the description of Finnish data. Finnish joka clauses seem to be instantiating only one construction type, and its function as either restrictive or non-restrictive depends on contextual factors. However, analyzing relative clauses as merely just one construction type has theoretical implications for the research on subordination. If the same grammatical construction can have subordinate and non-subordinate functions only depending on the context it is used in, the question of what subordination is primarily becomes a matter of dynamic conceptualization. This article suggests that the Finnish joka construction is neither subordinate nor non-subordinate, but that it has construal potentials that are evoked in complex ways in the real contexts of use.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.07vil
06
10.1075/pbns.249.07vil
173
202
30
Article
7
01
04
More subordinate?
More subordinate?
01
04
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
1
A01
01
JB code
391217764
Maria Vilkuna
Vilkuna, Maria
Maria
Vilkuna
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/391217764
01
eng
03
00
Finnish main and subordinate clauses are generally speaking similar in terms of constituent order: both typically obey the default (S)VO (more generally, VX) order. However, the order is flexible so that other, marked orders can be used to express discourse-related meaning, such as topic/focus relations. In addition, verb-final (XV) order typically accompanies clause-initial focusing in utterances that can be called reactive. Although the ordering options may be the same, main and subordinate clauses do not make equal use of them. The present article investigates this issue from the perspective of XV order, which is an option in subordinate clauses particularly in Western Finnish; it is also made use of in Standard Finnish texts, but more marginally. The starting point comes from an article by the Finnish linguist Eeva Lindén (Linden 1959). Lindén’s analysis offers a generalization on the role of subordinate XV order and relates it to clausal order in general, suggesting that XV order it signals subordination. The present article addresses this question by consulting dialectal material just as Lindén did, but by relying on larger corpora and more context. It will be demonstrated that XV ordered clauses are generally backgrounded, their profile overridden by that of another clause, while the default VX ordered clauses are more open and varied in their interpretation, extending to uses that can hardly be claimed to be subordinate by any account. The backgrounded character of XV subordinate clauses consists of factors that ultimately involve reliance on old information. These factors include providing a setting, identifying referents and states of affairs, and being in the scope of the main clause.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.08wik
06
10.1075/pbns.249.08wik
203
221
19
Article
8
01
04
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus
1
A01
01
JB code
934217765
Mari Wiklund
Wiklund, Mari
Mari
Wiklund
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/934217765
01
eng
03
00
This article examines the role of French prosody in indicating a subordinate relationship between the clauses in L’étranger (The Stranger) by Albert Camus (1942) [1998]. More precisely, this article presents different prosodic realizations of the commas that occur between subordinate clauses and main clauses. The objective of the study is to determine if this particular syntactic position constrains the possible prosodic uses of the comma in French. This analysis has been conducted using the methods adopted in instrumental phonetics. Theoretically, this analysis is based on the predictive intonation theory proposed by Mertens (1987, 2008, 2011).
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.09koi
06
10.1075/pbns.249.09koi
223
244
22
Article
9
01
04
Utterances ending in the conjunction etta
Utterances ending in the conjunction että
01
04
Complete or to be continued?
Complete or to be continued?
1
A01
01
JB code
511217766
Aino Koivisto
Koivisto, Aino
Aino
Koivisto
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/511217766
01
eng
03
00
This article presents an analysis of Finnish utterances that end in the conjunction että during conversational talk. Traditionally known as a complementizer, että is the equivalent to the English subordinating conjunction that. Thus, a linguistic unit that ends in että could be interpreted as being incomplete or as projecting a complement clause to follow. However, this study argues that some että-final utterances can be analyzed as being complete. Several arguments will be offered to support this claim. For example, syntactically, these utterances contain neither complement-taking predicates nor other complement-taking constructions that are associated with the conjunction että. This can be assumed to indicate that että does not function as a complementizer, but rather as a syntactically more independent particle that does not project a specific type of continuation. This claim is supported by the fact that other languages have conjunctions that are also developing uses as final particles. This analysis adopts the methodology and theoretical insights of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.10hav
06
10.1075/pbns.249.10hav
245
268
24
Article
10
01
04
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
795217767
Eva Havu
Havu, Eva
Eva
Havu
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/795217767
01
eng
03
00
The term ‘subordination’ is often associated with clause combining by conjunctions marking the linkage, but subordination can also be expressed by other means. Both French and Finnish have nonfinite constructions which can be regarded as subordinate clauses with an “operational dependency” towards the main clause. This is because their temporal, aspectual and modal implication is dependent on the semantics of the main clause. However, “traditional” subordinate clauses have a more explicit syntactic structure, whereas nonfinite constructions are constructionally more complex, different types of information being embedded in the construction. This paper first discusses French and Finnish converbs and their eventual correspondence, and then proceeds to examine six Finnish translations of French literary texts in order to see how translators have interpreted and translated the original French converbs.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.11pla
06
10.1075/pbns.249.11pla
269
286
18
Article
11
01
04
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century
1
A01
01
JB code
334217768
Helen Plado
Plado, Helen
Helen
Plado
07
https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/334217768
01
eng
03
00
The change from temporal to cause is one of the well-known grammaticalization paths. This article analyses the change in the Estonian conjunction kuna, ‘while; as, because’ from temporal to causal one as well as the attitude of the Estonian language planners towards this change. This change has mainly taken place during the twentieth century. The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed the prevailing use of the temporal use of kuna. However, during the latter part of the 20th century the use of kuna began to shift, and the use of causal kuna began to dominate. As an intermediary stage between the temporal and causal usages, kuna was used as an adversative temporal conjunction. The impact of this shift in usage of kuna as a causal conjunction has also slightly changed the use of other Estonian causal conjunctions. Initially, Estonian language planners adopted a strict attitude towards the change of kuna, but language planning could not halt this change. For example, editors continued to cross out the causal use of kuna, but they could not increase the temporal use, and this usage of the conjunction hardly appears in the written texts of the 1970s. However, the change was finally accepted in the 1990s.
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.12ind
06
10.1075/pbns.249.12ind
287
288
2
Miscellaneous
12
01
04
Index
Index
01
eng
01
JB code
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
01
JB code
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.249
Amsterdam
NL
00
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
04
01
00
20140904
C
2014
John Benjamins
D
2014
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027256546
WORLD
09
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
https://jbe-platform.com
29
https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027269614
21
01
00
Unqualified price
02
95.00
EUR
01
00
Unqualified price
02
80.00
GBP
GB
01
00
Unqualified price
02
143.00
USD
655015765
03
01
01
JB code
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
P&bns 249 GE
15
9789027269614
06
10.1075/pbns.249
00
EA
E133
10
01
JB code
P&bns
02
JB code
0922-842X
02
249.00
01
02
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
01
01
Contexts of Subordination
Contexts of Subordination
1
B01
01
JB code
651193561
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
University of Helsinki
2
B01
01
JB code
733193559
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
University of Helsinki
3
B01
01
JB code
60193560
Helena Sorva
Sorva, Helena
Helena
Sorva
University of Helsinki
01
eng
11
296
03
03
viii
03
00
288
03
24
JB code
LIN.COGN
Cognition and language
24
JB code
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB code
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB code
LIN.SYNTAX
Syntax
24
JB code
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
24
JB code
LIN.TYP
Typology
24
JB code
LIN.URAL
Uralic languages
10
LAN009000
12
CFG
01
06
02
00
This collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language.
03
00
Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive, interactional and typological perspectives, and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use, as an interactional resource available to language users, in both written and spoken language. In addition, the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English, Estonian, Finnish, and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies.
01
00
03
01
01
D503
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.249.png
01
01
D502
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027256546.jpg
01
01
D504
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027256546.tif
01
01
D503
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.249.hb.png
01
01
D503
https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.249.png
02
00
03
01
01
D503
https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.249.hb.png
03
00
03
01
01
D503
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.249.hb.png
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.01her
06
10.1075/pbns.249.01her
1
16
16
Article
1
01
04
Introduction
Introduction
1
A01
01
JB code
724217756
Ilona Herlin
Herlin, Ilona
Ilona
Herlin
2
A01
01
JB code
944217757
Jyrki Kalliokoski
Kalliokoski, Jyrki
Jyrki
Kalliokoski
3
A01
01
JB code
151217758
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.02lan
06
10.1075/pbns.249.02lan
17
72
56
Article
2
01
04
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
Subordination in a dynamic account of grammar
1
A01
01
JB code
650217759
Ronald W. Langacker
Langacker, Ronald W.
Ronald W.
Langacker
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.03cri
06
10.1075/pbns.249.03cri
73
91
19
Article
3
01
04
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
Is there really a syntactic category of subordination?
1
A01
01
JB code
171217760
Sonia Cristofaro
Cristofaro, Sonia
Sonia
Cristofaro
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.04jaa
06
10.1075/pbns.249.04jaa
93
124
32
Article
4
01
04
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
Rhetorical use of some Finnish conjunctions in constructions and the scope of subordination
1
A01
01
JB code
717217761
Anni Jääskeläinen
Jääskeläinen, Anni
Anni
Jääskeläinen
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.05pel
06
10.1075/pbns.249.05pel
125
146
22
Article
5
01
04
Subordination in purpose clauses
Subordination in purpose clauses
01
04
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
Variation of verb moods in Finnish and French
1
A01
01
JB code
14217762
Rea Peltola
Peltola, Rea
Rea
Peltola
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.06vis
06
10.1075/pbns.249.06vis
147
172
26
Article
6
01
04
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
On the contextual conceptualization of joka relative clauses in Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
572217763
Laura Visapää
Visapää, Laura
Laura
Visapää
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.07vil
06
10.1075/pbns.249.07vil
173
202
30
Article
7
01
04
More subordinate?
More subordinate?
01
04
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
Verb-final order and subordination in Finnish dialects
1
A01
01
JB code
391217764
Maria Vilkuna
Vilkuna, Maria
Maria
Vilkuna
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.08wik
06
10.1075/pbns.249.08wik
203
221
19
Article
8
01
04
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L'etranger by Albert Camus
Subordination and the prosodic marking of punctuation in L’étranger by Albert Camus
1
A01
01
JB code
934217765
Mari Wiklund
Wiklund, Mari
Mari
Wiklund
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.09koi
06
10.1075/pbns.249.09koi
223
244
22
Article
9
01
04
Utterances ending in the conjunction etta
Utterances ending in the conjunction että
01
04
Complete or to be continued?
Complete or to be continued?
1
A01
01
JB code
511217766
Aino Koivisto
Koivisto, Aino
Aino
Koivisto
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.10hav
06
10.1075/pbns.249.10hav
245
268
24
Article
10
01
04
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
French and Finnish converbal constructions and their translation from French into Finnish
1
A01
01
JB code
795217767
Eva Havu
Havu, Eva
Eva
Havu
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.11pla
06
10.1075/pbns.249.11pla
269
286
18
Article
11
01
04
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna `while; because' during the 20th century
Development of the Estonian conjunction kuna ‘while; because’ during the 20th century
1
A01
01
JB code
334217768
Helen Plado
Plado, Helen
Helen
Plado
01
01
JB code
pbns.249.12ind
06
10.1075/pbns.249.12ind
287
288
2
Miscellaneous
12
01
04
Index
Index
01
JB code
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
01
JB code
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
https://benjamins.com
Amsterdam
NL
00
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
04
01
00
20140904
C
2014
John Benjamins
D
2014
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027256546
WORLD
03
01
JB
17
Google
03
https://play.google.com/store/books
21
01
00
Unqualified price
00
95.00
EUR
01
00
Unqualified price
00
80.00
GBP
01
00
Unqualified price
00
143.00
USD