219-7677
10
7500817
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers
onix@benjamins.nl
201808061225
ONIX title feed
eng
01
EUR
225017874
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
P&bns 290 Eb
15
9789027263971
06
10.1075/pbns.290
13
2018032024
DG
002
02
01
P&bns
02
0922-842X
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
290
01
Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish
Explorations across genres
01
pbns.290
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.290
1
B01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
2
B01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia
01
eng
260
vi
254
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Evidentiality in communication is better investigated in delimited and recognizable contexts where the multiple levels of meaning in interactional practices are manifested. Taking this viewpoint, the present volume explores the interrelations between evidentials and textual genre in Spanish. Adopting a discursive perspective, all of the chapters examine how the functional category of evidentiality is brought into discourse, which set of linguistic strategies evidentiality makes explicit, what counts as evidence in certain contexts and in certain textual genres, and what particular pragmatic meanings these mechanisms acquire, invoke and project onto the on-going discourse. In particular, this book is concerned with the relationship between evidential expressions and the pragmatic meaning(s) triggered by those expressions, and the role of genre in shaping the evidential meanings. The volume is addressed to both theoretically and empirically minded scholars in the disciplines of Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, Communication Studies, and Psychology.
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Chapter
1
01
Chapter 1. Evidentiality in discourse
1
A01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group
2
A01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.02est
25
48
24
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 2. On the dynamicity of evidential scales
Pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality as a rhetorical strategy in academic and political discourse
1
A01
María Estellés
Estellés, María
María
Estellés
Universitat de València. Val.Es.Co Research Group
2
A01
Marta Albelda Marco
Albelda Marco, Marta
Marta
Albelda Marco
Universitat de València – Val.Es.Co Research Group
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
indirectness
20
Spanish
01
Based on examples from academic papers and parliamentary debates in Spain, the present paper studies a particular phenomenon within evidentiality, which is called ‘pragmatic indirectness’ in this work. This phenomenon involves examples in which evidentiality is expressed formally in a certain way (for instance, it is <i>presented</i> as reporting someone else’s words), but where the meaning conveys a different kind of evidentiality (for example, it is <i>actually</i> obtained through a process of reasoning). The existence of this phenomenon can be explained by the facts that <br /> <br /><br />Evidentials are organised according to scales: some evidentials are considered more preferable than are others, as the degrees of preference are changeable and determined contextually; and <br /><br />Speakers accommodate their discourse to these scales (more or less) strategically, depending on their intentions and goals, as well as on the expectations raised by the context; and they do so by <ol type="i"> <br /><br />Choosing the evidence best ranked in a particular context and, if not available, <br /><br />By concealing the (less preferable) evidence they have available in the guise of evidentials located higher in the ranking. </ol> <br /> <br />Special attention will be paid to the role of discursive genres in the use and values of pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.03kot
49
72
24
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 3. Exploring evidentiality in Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920)
Intersubjectivity and accessibility of evidences
1
A01
Dorota Kotwica
Kotwica, Dorota
Dorota
Kotwica
Val.Es.Co. Research Group (University of Valencia)
20
access to the evidence
20
evidentiality
20
intersubjectivity
20
scientific discourse
20
Spanish
01
This article examines the expression of evidentiality in scientific articles taking as a starting point the concept of <i>access to the evidence</i>, which is closely related to, albeit not equal with, <i>intersubjectivity</i>. Combining data from the existing theoretical background and corpus analysis, I classify the criteria for distinguishing shared from non-shared evidences within the traditional typology of evidential meanings. The analysis of a corpus of Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920) reveals the relevance of shared evidential constructions in this type of discourse and shows that the accessibility is especially linked to indirect evidential constructions.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.04bat
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106
34
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 4. Performing the self in illness narratives
The role of evidentiality
1
A01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
20
borderline personality disorder
20
chronic fatigue syndrome
20
eating disorders
20
evidentiality
20
illness narratives
01
Narrating the personal experience of a chronic illness poses the challenge of reflecting on epistemic states and sources of evidence that shape the person´s past, present and future selves. To explore the role of evidentials in different illness stories, 32 unsolicited narratives of eating disorders (ED), 28 accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and 29 testimonies of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were selected from the Internet. The analysis revealed that, in ED narratives, the enactment of the self was realized via visual perception, and the body was construed as self. In BPD narratives, inner emotional states were adopted as the source of evidence, and the mood was defined as self. In CFS narratives, the evidence informing the self came from embodied perception, and sensations were understood as self. Evidentials, therefore, are genre-sensitive and develop particular discursive functions in different illness narratives.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.05mic
107
124
18
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 5. Evidentiality, deonticity and intensification in Internet forum language
1
A01
Elisabeth Miche
Miche, Elisabeth
Elisabeth
Miche
Pompeu Fabra University
20
deontic modality
20
evidentiality
20
intensification
20
internet genres
01
We analyze the Spanish verbal periphrases <i>tienes que</i> + infinitive and <i>debes</i> + infini-tive [<i>you have to</i> + infinitive and <i>you should</i> + infinitive], with a deontic meaning, in an Internet forum. These verbal forms are used to give advice to other Internet users. After analyzing their functions, we reached the conclusion that such periphrases, with deontic value, function as epistemic modals: on the part of the speaker, they imply an axiological evaluation of his or her advice in terms of it being essential and necessary. Its evidential value (in the sense of information validation rather than as a source) derives from two factors. From a pragmatic inference: when a speaker expresses a high degree of certainty, to the extent of presenting an act as a requirement or obligation, he or she must have compelling evidence in order to believe that. And from an argumentative strategy: in order to justify their exhortations, the speakers draw on their personal experience and present themselves as witnesses who guarantee the validity of their recommendations.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.06cab
125
146
22
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 6. Prosody, genres and evidentiality in Spanish
The case of “por lo visto”
1
A01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia./ Val.Es.Co Research Group
20
por lo visto
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
prosody
20
Spanish
01
The aim of this paper is to present a prosodic analysis of the evidential discourse marker <i>por lo visto</i> (‘apparently’) in six oral discourse genres: everyday conversation, discussion, sociolinguistic interviews, TV talks, parliamentary interventions, and news. The multimedia material used for this study comes from real samples of spontaneous speech; among the sources used are linguistic corpora (Valesco, CORLEC) and TV websites, or the Spanish government’s official site. In the experimental design, 29 records were analysed statistically according to different variables, mainly phonic (TOBI accents, pitch, intensity, speech rate and so on). The results showed that (a) the tonal accent L + H * is predominant in news, political discourse and sociolectal interviews; (b) only the political discourse and sociolectal interview showed examples of <i>por lo visto</i> as an independent intonational phrase; and (c) prosody seemed to differentiate the <i>pragmatic</i> and the <i>core</i> meanings of the evidential <i>por lo visto</i> in genres in which both possibilities coexist (excluding genres in which the examples are only oriented towards the <i>core</i> evidential pole (news) or towards the <i>pragmatic</i> pole (political speech).
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.07gon
147
172
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 7. ‘No sé’
Epistemic stance, evidential grounding and scope in unplanned oral genres
1
A01
Montserrat González
González, Montserrat
Montserrat
González
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
20
I don’t know
20
no sé
20
appraisal
20
attitude
20
Catalan
20
commitment
20
English
20
epistemic phrase
20
oral genre
20
parenthetical
20
Spanish
20
stance
01
The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the semantic-pragmatic scope that epistemic phrases such as Spanish ‘no sé’ (<i>I don’t know</i>) play in oral opinion reports, a genre that implies a strong presence of value judgements and engagement on the part of the speaker. <br />The stance frame that such epistemic phrases provide as fixed epistemic formulas has been pointed out by several authors that work in the interactional epistemic domain (Kärkkäinen 2003, 2007; Scheibman 2000, 2001; Thompson 2002), exploring whether the scope of these formulas (<i>I think, I don’t know, I guess, I thought</i> and <i>I remember</i>) extends over something that has yet to be verbalized (forward scope) or over something that has already been verbalized in the preceding turn (backward scope). The working hypothesis is that, contrary to conversational genre, where such fixed formulas tend to provide a forward scope, in opinion reports the scope is twofold, with a stronger presence of backward scope, in the case of ‘<i>no sé</i>’. Findings suggest: (i) strong presence of the epistemic phrasal form (‘<i>no sé’</i>), rather than the predicative one, in the genre analyzed; (ii) predominant role of ‘<i>no sé’</i> as attitude marker, to convey affect (to construe emotional responses), judgement (to convey moral evaluations) and appreciation (to construe the value of things).
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.08llo
174
205
32
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 8. The Spanish quotative <i>según</i> across written genres
1
A01
Ana Llopis Cardona
Llopis Cardona, Ana
Ana
Llopis Cardona
Universitat de València
20
evidential function
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
quotative markers
20
reported speech
20
reporting verbs
01
This research aims to provide an insight into characterization of quotative markers from a specific and prototypical Spanish one, <i>según</i>. The analysis is corpus-based, specifically the data comes from four different genres (academic articles, essays, news and novels). Our study examines the linguistic features, the source of information, the combination with reporting verbs, and the frequency in relation to genres. Thus, it underlines that, in contrast to the counterpart in other languages, the evidential function of <i>según</i> is fulfilled by means of a prepositional phrase or a clause bringing a reporting verb. Also, it demonstrates the modification of the prototypical specific source (3d person) causes a reduction of reliability as a pragmatic extension, and it shows the evidential function is the most frequent across written genres and has increased significantly in news.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.09mal
205
222
18
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 9. <i>según</i> along time
Following an epistemic path
1
A01
Ricardo Maldonado
Maldonado, Ricardo
Ricardo
Maldonado
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
2
A01
Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez
De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana
Juliana
De la Mora Gutiérrez
Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
20
según
20
epistemic markers
20
evidentiality
20
Spanish
01
This paper attempts to show that <i>según</i> has developed not only evidential reportative functions, but also a set of meanings that move towards the dominion of epistemicity. Diachronic analysis, shows that the original meaning of <i>según</i> (Lat. <i>secundare</i> ‘to second, to follow’) gradually moves towards evidential domains. A synchronic analysis of written and oral contemporary Spanish, shows an increase on reportative uses in both registers. Epistemic meanings are considerably more frequent in oral data, and some of these meanings (i.e. questioning the trustworthiness of a proposition) are only found in this register. It is proposed that as some properties of the core meaning are lost – particularly the link with the source of information – the degree of subjective evaluation of the event increases (Langacker 1990). It is also claimed that <i>según</i> functions as a space builder (Fauconnier 1985), becoming an evidential-epistemic marker such that the assertion is never located in the <i>space of reference</i> and only shows up in an <i>alternative space</i> where veracity is restricted to the conceptualizer’s domain. Thus, while third person uses are mostly epistemic, first and second person subjects impose an attenuative reading.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.10rod
223
250
28
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 10. Tenses in interaction
Beyond evidentiality
1
A01
Susana Rodríguez Rosique
Rodríguez Rosique, Susana
Susana
Rodríguez Rosique
University of Alicante
20
(counter)argumentation
20
(inter)subjectivity
20
future
20
mirativity
01
This chapter analyzes the discursive functions performed by the future in Spanish. In order to do so, it departs from a definition of the future based on the deictic ‘distance forward’ instruction, which may be projected along a subjectivity axle and cross different levels of meaning. When distance is projected upon the utterance, the future plays several discursive roles and traverses a variety of categories that go beyond evidentiality. More specifically, the future in Spanish can be a powerful tool to persuade and convince (persuasive future); it can also help control disagreement as part of a counter-argumentation strategy (concessive future); or it can participate in an assessment process (mirative future). Information occurring in the future must have been previously activated for these values to arise, which naturally happens in the context of interaction.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.ind
251
254
4
Miscellaneous
11
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20180724
2018
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027200884
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
95.00
EUR
R
01
00
80.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
143.00
USD
S
800017873
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
P&bns 290 Hb
15
9789027200884
13
2018014188
BB
01
P&bns
02
0922-842X
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series
290
01
Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish
Explorations across genres
01
pbns.290
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.290
1
B01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
2
B01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia
01
eng
260
vi
254
LAN009030
v.2006
CFG
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.ROM
Romance linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
Evidentiality in communication is better investigated in delimited and recognizable contexts where the multiple levels of meaning in interactional practices are manifested. Taking this viewpoint, the present volume explores the interrelations between evidentials and textual genre in Spanish. Adopting a discursive perspective, all of the chapters examine how the functional category of evidentiality is brought into discourse, which set of linguistic strategies evidentiality makes explicit, what counts as evidence in certain contexts and in certain textual genres, and what particular pragmatic meanings these mechanisms acquire, invoke and project onto the on-going discourse. In particular, this book is concerned with the relationship between evidential expressions and the pragmatic meaning(s) triggered by those expressions, and the role of genre in shaping the evidential meanings. The volume is addressed to both theoretically and empirically minded scholars in the disciplines of Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, Communication Studies, and Psychology.
04
09
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pbns.290.01cab
1
24
24
Chapter
1
01
Chapter 1. Evidentiality in discourse
1
A01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group
2
A01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.02est
25
48
24
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 2. On the dynamicity of evidential scales
Pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality as a rhetorical strategy in academic and political discourse
1
A01
María Estellés
Estellés, María
María
Estellés
Universitat de València. Val.Es.Co Research Group
2
A01
Marta Albelda Marco
Albelda Marco, Marta
Marta
Albelda Marco
Universitat de València – Val.Es.Co Research Group
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
indirectness
20
Spanish
01
Based on examples from academic papers and parliamentary debates in Spain, the present paper studies a particular phenomenon within evidentiality, which is called ‘pragmatic indirectness’ in this work. This phenomenon involves examples in which evidentiality is expressed formally in a certain way (for instance, it is <i>presented</i> as reporting someone else’s words), but where the meaning conveys a different kind of evidentiality (for example, it is <i>actually</i> obtained through a process of reasoning). The existence of this phenomenon can be explained by the facts that <br /> <br /><br />Evidentials are organised according to scales: some evidentials are considered more preferable than are others, as the degrees of preference are changeable and determined contextually; and <br /><br />Speakers accommodate their discourse to these scales (more or less) strategically, depending on their intentions and goals, as well as on the expectations raised by the context; and they do so by <ol type="i"> <br /><br />Choosing the evidence best ranked in a particular context and, if not available, <br /><br />By concealing the (less preferable) evidence they have available in the guise of evidentials located higher in the ranking. </ol> <br /> <br />Special attention will be paid to the role of discursive genres in the use and values of pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.03kot
49
72
24
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 3. Exploring evidentiality in Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920)
Intersubjectivity and accessibility of evidences
1
A01
Dorota Kotwica
Kotwica, Dorota
Dorota
Kotwica
Val.Es.Co. Research Group (University of Valencia)
20
access to the evidence
20
evidentiality
20
intersubjectivity
20
scientific discourse
20
Spanish
01
This article examines the expression of evidentiality in scientific articles taking as a starting point the concept of <i>access to the evidence</i>, which is closely related to, albeit not equal with, <i>intersubjectivity</i>. Combining data from the existing theoretical background and corpus analysis, I classify the criteria for distinguishing shared from non-shared evidences within the traditional typology of evidential meanings. The analysis of a corpus of Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920) reveals the relevance of shared evidential constructions in this type of discourse and shows that the accessibility is especially linked to indirect evidential constructions.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.04bat
73
106
34
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 4. Performing the self in illness narratives
The role of evidentiality
1
A01
Carolina Figueras Bates
Figueras Bates, Carolina
Carolina
Figueras Bates
University of Barcelona
20
borderline personality disorder
20
chronic fatigue syndrome
20
eating disorders
20
evidentiality
20
illness narratives
01
Narrating the personal experience of a chronic illness poses the challenge of reflecting on epistemic states and sources of evidence that shape the person´s past, present and future selves. To explore the role of evidentials in different illness stories, 32 unsolicited narratives of eating disorders (ED), 28 accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and 29 testimonies of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were selected from the Internet. The analysis revealed that, in ED narratives, the enactment of the self was realized via visual perception, and the body was construed as self. In BPD narratives, inner emotional states were adopted as the source of evidence, and the mood was defined as self. In CFS narratives, the evidence informing the self came from embodied perception, and sensations were understood as self. Evidentials, therefore, are genre-sensitive and develop particular discursive functions in different illness narratives.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.05mic
107
124
18
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 5. Evidentiality, deonticity and intensification in Internet forum language
1
A01
Elisabeth Miche
Miche, Elisabeth
Elisabeth
Miche
Pompeu Fabra University
20
deontic modality
20
evidentiality
20
intensification
20
internet genres
01
We analyze the Spanish verbal periphrases <i>tienes que</i> + infinitive and <i>debes</i> + infini-tive [<i>you have to</i> + infinitive and <i>you should</i> + infinitive], with a deontic meaning, in an Internet forum. These verbal forms are used to give advice to other Internet users. After analyzing their functions, we reached the conclusion that such periphrases, with deontic value, function as epistemic modals: on the part of the speaker, they imply an axiological evaluation of his or her advice in terms of it being essential and necessary. Its evidential value (in the sense of information validation rather than as a source) derives from two factors. From a pragmatic inference: when a speaker expresses a high degree of certainty, to the extent of presenting an act as a requirement or obligation, he or she must have compelling evidence in order to believe that. And from an argumentative strategy: in order to justify their exhortations, the speakers draw on their personal experience and present themselves as witnesses who guarantee the validity of their recommendations.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.06cab
125
146
22
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 6. Prosody, genres and evidentiality in Spanish
The case of “por lo visto”
1
A01
Adrián Cabedo
Cabedo, Adrián
Adrián
Cabedo
University of Valencia./ Val.Es.Co Research Group
20
por lo visto
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
prosody
20
Spanish
01
The aim of this paper is to present a prosodic analysis of the evidential discourse marker <i>por lo visto</i> (‘apparently’) in six oral discourse genres: everyday conversation, discussion, sociolinguistic interviews, TV talks, parliamentary interventions, and news. The multimedia material used for this study comes from real samples of spontaneous speech; among the sources used are linguistic corpora (Valesco, CORLEC) and TV websites, or the Spanish government’s official site. In the experimental design, 29 records were analysed statistically according to different variables, mainly phonic (TOBI accents, pitch, intensity, speech rate and so on). The results showed that (a) the tonal accent L + H * is predominant in news, political discourse and sociolectal interviews; (b) only the political discourse and sociolectal interview showed examples of <i>por lo visto</i> as an independent intonational phrase; and (c) prosody seemed to differentiate the <i>pragmatic</i> and the <i>core</i> meanings of the evidential <i>por lo visto</i> in genres in which both possibilities coexist (excluding genres in which the examples are only oriented towards the <i>core</i> evidential pole (news) or towards the <i>pragmatic</i> pole (political speech).
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.07gon
147
172
26
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 7. ‘No sé’
Epistemic stance, evidential grounding and scope in unplanned oral genres
1
A01
Montserrat González
González, Montserrat
Montserrat
González
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
20
I don’t know
20
no sé
20
appraisal
20
attitude
20
Catalan
20
commitment
20
English
20
epistemic phrase
20
oral genre
20
parenthetical
20
Spanish
20
stance
01
The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the semantic-pragmatic scope that epistemic phrases such as Spanish ‘no sé’ (<i>I don’t know</i>) play in oral opinion reports, a genre that implies a strong presence of value judgements and engagement on the part of the speaker. <br />The stance frame that such epistemic phrases provide as fixed epistemic formulas has been pointed out by several authors that work in the interactional epistemic domain (Kärkkäinen 2003, 2007; Scheibman 2000, 2001; Thompson 2002), exploring whether the scope of these formulas (<i>I think, I don’t know, I guess, I thought</i> and <i>I remember</i>) extends over something that has yet to be verbalized (forward scope) or over something that has already been verbalized in the preceding turn (backward scope). The working hypothesis is that, contrary to conversational genre, where such fixed formulas tend to provide a forward scope, in opinion reports the scope is twofold, with a stronger presence of backward scope, in the case of ‘<i>no sé</i>’. Findings suggest: (i) strong presence of the epistemic phrasal form (‘<i>no sé’</i>), rather than the predicative one, in the genre analyzed; (ii) predominant role of ‘<i>no sé’</i> as attitude marker, to convey affect (to construe emotional responses), judgement (to convey moral evaluations) and appreciation (to construe the value of things).
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.08llo
174
205
32
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 8. The Spanish quotative <i>según</i> across written genres
1
A01
Ana Llopis Cardona
Llopis Cardona, Ana
Ana
Llopis Cardona
Universitat de València
20
evidential function
20
evidentiality
20
genres
20
quotative markers
20
reported speech
20
reporting verbs
01
This research aims to provide an insight into characterization of quotative markers from a specific and prototypical Spanish one, <i>según</i>. The analysis is corpus-based, specifically the data comes from four different genres (academic articles, essays, news and novels). Our study examines the linguistic features, the source of information, the combination with reporting verbs, and the frequency in relation to genres. Thus, it underlines that, in contrast to the counterpart in other languages, the evidential function of <i>según</i> is fulfilled by means of a prepositional phrase or a clause bringing a reporting verb. Also, it demonstrates the modification of the prototypical specific source (3d person) causes a reduction of reliability as a pragmatic extension, and it shows the evidential function is the most frequent across written genres and has increased significantly in news.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.09mal
205
222
18
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 9. <i>según</i> along time
Following an epistemic path
1
A01
Ricardo Maldonado
Maldonado, Ricardo
Ricardo
Maldonado
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
2
A01
Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez
De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana
Juliana
De la Mora Gutiérrez
Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
20
según
20
epistemic markers
20
evidentiality
20
Spanish
01
This paper attempts to show that <i>según</i> has developed not only evidential reportative functions, but also a set of meanings that move towards the dominion of epistemicity. Diachronic analysis, shows that the original meaning of <i>según</i> (Lat. <i>secundare</i> ‘to second, to follow’) gradually moves towards evidential domains. A synchronic analysis of written and oral contemporary Spanish, shows an increase on reportative uses in both registers. Epistemic meanings are considerably more frequent in oral data, and some of these meanings (i.e. questioning the trustworthiness of a proposition) are only found in this register. It is proposed that as some properties of the core meaning are lost – particularly the link with the source of information – the degree of subjective evaluation of the event increases (Langacker 1990). It is also claimed that <i>según</i> functions as a space builder (Fauconnier 1985), becoming an evidential-epistemic marker such that the assertion is never located in the <i>space of reference</i> and only shows up in an <i>alternative space</i> where veracity is restricted to the conceptualizer’s domain. Thus, while third person uses are mostly epistemic, first and second person subjects impose an attenuative reading.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.10rod
223
250
28
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 10. Tenses in interaction
Beyond evidentiality
1
A01
Susana Rodríguez Rosique
Rodríguez Rosique, Susana
Susana
Rodríguez Rosique
University of Alicante
20
(counter)argumentation
20
(inter)subjectivity
20
future
20
mirativity
01
This chapter analyzes the discursive functions performed by the future in Spanish. In order to do so, it departs from a definition of the future based on the deictic ‘distance forward’ instruction, which may be projected along a subjectivity axle and cross different levels of meaning. When distance is projected upon the utterance, the future plays several discursive roles and traverses a variety of categories that go beyond evidentiality. More specifically, the future in Spanish can be a powerful tool to persuade and convince (persuasive future); it can also help control disagreement as part of a counter-argumentation strategy (concessive future); or it can participate in an assessment process (mirative future). Information occurring in the future must have been previously activated for these values to arise, which naturally happens in the context of interaction.
10
01
JB code
pbns.290.ind
251
254
4
Miscellaneous
11
01
Index
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