219-7677 10 7500817 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 201808061225 ONIX title feed eng 01 EUR
225017874 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 290 Eb 15 9789027263971 06 10.1075/pbns.290 13 2018032024 DG 002 02 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 290 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Explorations across genres</Subtitle> 01 pbns.290 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.290 1 B01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 2 B01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia 01 eng 260 vi 254 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 Evidentiality in communication is better investigated in delimited and recognizable contexts where the multiple levels of meaning in interactional practices are manifested. Taking this viewpoint, the present volume explores the interrelations between evidentials and textual genre in Spanish. Adopting a discursive perspective, all of the chapters examine how the functional category of evidentiality is brought into discourse, which set of linguistic strategies evidentiality makes explicit, what counts as evidence in certain contexts and in certain textual genres, and what particular pragmatic meanings these mechanisms acquire, invoke and project onto the on-going discourse. In particular, this book is concerned with the relationship between evidential expressions and the pragmatic meaning(s) triggered by those expressions, and the role of genre in shaping the evidential meanings. The volume is addressed to both theoretically and empirically minded scholars in the disciplines of Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, Communication Studies, and Psychology. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.290.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027200884.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027200884.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.290.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.290.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.290.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.290.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.290.01cab 1 24 24 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 1. Evidentiality in discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group 2 A01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 10 01 JB code pbns.290.02est 25 48 24 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 2. On the dynamicity of evidential scales</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality as a rhetorical strategy in academic and political discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 María Estellés Estellés, María María Estellés Universitat de València. Val.Es.Co Research Group 2 A01 Marta Albelda Marco Albelda Marco, Marta Marta Albelda Marco Universitat de València – Val.Es.Co Research Group 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 indirectness 20 Spanish 01 Based on examples from academic papers and parliamentary debates in Spain, the present paper studies a particular phenomenon within evidentiality, which is called ‘pragmatic indirectness’ in this work. This phenomenon involves examples in which evidentiality is expressed formally in a certain way (for instance, it is <i>presented</i> as reporting someone else’s words), but where the meaning conveys a different kind of evidentiality (for example, it is <i>actually</i> obtained through a process of reasoning). The existence of this phenomenon can be explained by the facts that <br /> • <br /><br />Evidentials are organised according to scales: some evidentials are considered more preferable than are others, as the degrees of preference are changeable and determined contextually; and • <br /><br />Speakers accommodate their discourse to these scales (more or less) strategically, depending on their intentions and goals, as well as on the expectations raised by the context; and they do so by <ol type="i"> • <br /><br />Choosing the evidence best ranked in a particular context and, if not available, • <br /><br />By concealing the (less preferable) evidence they have available in the guise of evidentials located higher in the ranking. </ol> <br /> <br />Special attention will be paid to the role of discursive genres in the use and values of pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.03kot 49 72 24 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 3. Exploring evidentiality in Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920)</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Intersubjectivity and accessibility of evidences</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dorota Kotwica Kotwica, Dorota Dorota Kotwica Val.Es.Co. Research Group (University of Valencia) 20 access to the evidence 20 evidentiality 20 intersubjectivity 20 scientific discourse 20 Spanish 01 This article examines the expression of evidentiality in scientific articles taking as a starting point the concept of <i>access to the evidence</i>, which is closely related to, albeit not equal with, <i>intersubjectivity</i>. Combining data from the existing theoretical background and corpus analysis, I classify the criteria for distinguishing shared from non-shared evidences within the traditional typology of evidential meanings. The analysis of a corpus of Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920) reveals the relevance of shared evidential constructions in this type of discourse and shows that the accessibility is especially linked to indirect evidential constructions. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.04bat 73 106 34 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 4. Performing the self in illness narratives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The role of evidentiality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 20 borderline personality disorder 20 chronic fatigue syndrome 20 eating disorders 20 evidentiality 20 illness narratives 01 Narrating the personal experience of a chronic illness poses the challenge of reflecting on epistemic states and sources of evidence that shape the person´s past, present and future selves. To explore the role of evidentials in different illness stories, 32 unsolicited narratives of eating disorders (ED), 28 accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and 29 testimonies of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were selected from the Internet. The analysis revealed that, in ED narratives, the enactment of the self was realized via visual perception, and the body was construed as self. In BPD narratives, inner emotional states were adopted as the source of evidence, and the mood was defined as self. In CFS narratives, the evidence informing the self came from embodied perception, and sensations were understood as self. Evidentials, therefore, are genre-sensitive and develop particular discursive functions in different illness narratives. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.05mic 107 124 18 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Evidentiality, deonticity and intensification in Internet forum language</TitleText> 1 A01 Elisabeth Miche Miche, Elisabeth Elisabeth Miche Pompeu Fabra University 20 deontic modality 20 evidentiality 20 intensification 20 internet genres 01 We analyze the Spanish verbal periphrases <i>tienes que</i> + infinitive and <i>debes</i> + infini-tive [<i>you have to</i> + infinitive and <i>you should</i> + infinitive], with a deontic meaning, in an Internet forum. These verbal forms are used to give advice to other Internet users. After analyzing their functions, we reached the conclusion that such periphrases, with deontic value, function as epistemic modals: on the part of the speaker, they imply an axiological evaluation of his or her advice in terms of it being essential and necessary. Its evidential value (in the sense of information validation rather than as a source) derives from two factors. From a pragmatic inference: when a speaker expresses a high degree of certainty, to the extent of presenting an act as a requirement or obligation, he or she must have compelling evidence in order to believe that. And from an argumentative strategy: in order to justify their exhortations, the speakers draw on their personal experience and present themselves as witnesses who guarantee the validity of their recommendations. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.06cab 125 146 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 6. Prosody, genres and evidentiality in Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of “por lo visto”</Subtitle> 1 A01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia./ Val.Es.Co Research Group 20 por lo visto 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 prosody 20 Spanish 01 The aim of this paper is to present a prosodic analysis of the evidential discourse marker <i>por lo visto</i> (‘apparently’) in six oral discourse genres: everyday conversation, discussion, sociolinguistic interviews, TV talks, parliamentary interventions, and news. The multimedia material used for this study comes from real samples of spontaneous speech; among the sources used are linguistic corpora (Valesco, CORLEC) and TV websites, or the Spanish government’s official site. In the experimental design, 29 records were analysed statistically according to different variables, mainly phonic (TOBI accents, pitch, intensity, speech rate and so on). The results showed that (a) the tonal accent L + H * is predominant in news, political discourse and sociolectal interviews; (b) only the political discourse and sociolectal interview showed examples of <i>por lo visto</i> as an independent intonational phrase; and (c) prosody seemed to differentiate the <i>pragmatic</i> and the <i>core</i> meanings of the evidential <i>por lo visto</i> in genres in which both possibilities coexist (excluding genres in which the examples are only oriented towards the <i>core</i> evidential pole (news) or towards the <i>pragmatic</i> pole (political speech). 10 01 JB code pbns.290.07gon 147 172 26 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 7. ‘No sé’</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Epistemic stance, evidential grounding and scope in unplanned oral genres</Subtitle> 1 A01 Montserrat González González, Montserrat Montserrat González Universitat Pompeu Fabra 20 I don’t know 20 no sé 20 appraisal 20 attitude 20 Catalan 20 commitment 20 English 20 epistemic phrase 20 oral genre 20 parenthetical 20 Spanish 20 stance 01 The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the semantic-pragmatic scope that epistemic phrases such as Spanish ‘no sé’ (<i>I don’t know</i>) play in oral opinion reports, a genre that implies a strong presence of value judgements and engagement on the part of the speaker. <br />The stance frame that such epistemic phrases provide as fixed epistemic formulas has been pointed out by several authors that work in the interactional epistemic domain (Kärkkäinen 2003, 2007; Scheibman 2000, 2001; Thompson 2002), exploring whether the scope of these formulas (<i>I think, I don’t know, I guess, I thought</i> and <i>I remember</i>) extends over something that has yet to be verbalized (forward scope) or over something that has already been verbalized in the preceding turn (backward scope). The working hypothesis is that, contrary to conversational genre, where such fixed formulas tend to provide a forward scope, in opinion reports the scope is twofold, with a stronger presence of backward scope, in the case of ‘<i>no sé</i>’. Findings suggest: (i) strong presence of the epistemic phrasal form (‘<i>no sé’</i>), rather than the predicative one, in the genre analyzed; (ii) predominant role of ‘<i>no sé’</i> as attitude marker, to convey affect (to construe emotional responses), judgement (to convey moral evaluations) and appreciation (to construe the value of things). 10 01 JB code pbns.290.08llo 174 205 32 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. The Spanish quotative <i>según</i> across written genres</TitleText> 1 A01 Ana Llopis Cardona Llopis Cardona, Ana Ana Llopis Cardona Universitat de València 20 evidential function 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 quotative markers 20 reported speech 20 reporting verbs 01 This research aims to provide an insight into characterization of quotative markers from a specific and prototypical Spanish one, <i>según</i>. The analysis is corpus-based, specifically the data comes from four different genres (academic articles, essays, news and novels). Our study examines the linguistic features, the source of information, the combination with reporting verbs, and the frequency in relation to genres. Thus, it underlines that, in contrast to the counterpart in other languages, the evidential function of <i>según</i> is fulfilled by means of a prepositional phrase or a clause bringing a reporting verb. Also, it demonstrates the modification of the prototypical specific source (3d person) causes a reduction of reliability as a pragmatic extension, and it shows the evidential function is the most frequent across written genres and has increased significantly in news. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.09mal 205 222 18 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 9. <i>según</i> along time</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Following an epistemic path</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ricardo Maldonado Maldonado, Ricardo Ricardo Maldonado Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 2 A01 Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 20 según 20 epistemic markers 20 evidentiality 20 Spanish 01 This paper attempts to show that <i>según</i> has developed not only evidential reportative functions, but also a set of meanings that move towards the dominion of epistemicity. Diachronic analysis, shows that the original meaning of <i>según</i> (Lat. <i>secundare</i> ‘to second, to follow’) gradually moves towards evidential domains. A synchronic analysis of written and oral contemporary Spanish, shows an increase on reportative uses in both registers. Epistemic meanings are considerably more frequent in oral data, and some of these meanings (i.e. questioning the trustworthiness of a proposition) are only found in this register. It is proposed that as some properties of the core meaning are lost – particularly the link with the source of information – the degree of subjective evaluation of the event increases (Langacker 1990). It is also claimed that <i>según</i> functions as a space builder (Fauconnier 1985), becoming an evidential-epistemic marker such that the assertion is never located in the <i>space of reference</i> and only shows up in an <i>alternative space</i> where veracity is restricted to the conceptualizer’s domain. Thus, while third person uses are mostly epistemic, first and second person subjects impose an attenuative reading. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.10rod 223 250 28 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 10. Tenses in interaction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Beyond evidentiality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique University of Alicante 20 (counter)argumentation 20 (inter)subjectivity 20 future 20 mirativity 01 This chapter analyzes the discursive functions performed by the future in Spanish. In order to do so, it departs from a definition of the future based on the deictic ‘distance forward’ instruction, which may be projected along a subjectivity axle and cross different levels of meaning. When distance is projected upon the utterance, the future plays several discursive roles and traverses a variety of categories that go beyond evidentiality. More specifically, the future in Spanish can be a powerful tool to persuade and convince (persuasive future); it can also help control disagreement as part of a counter-argumentation strategy (concessive future); or it can participate in an assessment process (mirative future). Information occurring in the future must have been previously activated for these values to arise, which naturally happens in the context of interaction. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.ind 251 254 4 Miscellaneous 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"> Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20180724 2018 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027200884 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 95.00 EUR R 01 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 143.00 USD S 800017873 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 290 Hb 15 9789027200884 13 2018014188 BB 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 290 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Explorations across genres</Subtitle> 01 pbns.290 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.290 1 B01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 2 B01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia 01 eng 260 vi 254 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 Evidentiality in communication is better investigated in delimited and recognizable contexts where the multiple levels of meaning in interactional practices are manifested. Taking this viewpoint, the present volume explores the interrelations between evidentials and textual genre in Spanish. Adopting a discursive perspective, all of the chapters examine how the functional category of evidentiality is brought into discourse, which set of linguistic strategies evidentiality makes explicit, what counts as evidence in certain contexts and in certain textual genres, and what particular pragmatic meanings these mechanisms acquire, invoke and project onto the on-going discourse. In particular, this book is concerned with the relationship between evidential expressions and the pragmatic meaning(s) triggered by those expressions, and the role of genre in shaping the evidential meanings. The volume is addressed to both theoretically and empirically minded scholars in the disciplines of Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, Sociolinguistics, Communication Studies, and Psychology. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.290.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027200884.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027200884.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.290.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.290.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.290.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.290.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.290.01cab 1 24 24 Chapter 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 1. Evidentiality in discourse</TitleText> 1 A01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group 2 A01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 10 01 JB code pbns.290.02est 25 48 24 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 2. On the dynamicity of evidential scales</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality as a rhetorical strategy in academic and political discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 María Estellés Estellés, María María Estellés Universitat de València. Val.Es.Co Research Group 2 A01 Marta Albelda Marco Albelda Marco, Marta Marta Albelda Marco Universitat de València – Val.Es.Co Research Group 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 indirectness 20 Spanish 01 Based on examples from academic papers and parliamentary debates in Spain, the present paper studies a particular phenomenon within evidentiality, which is called ‘pragmatic indirectness’ in this work. This phenomenon involves examples in which evidentiality is expressed formally in a certain way (for instance, it is <i>presented</i> as reporting someone else’s words), but where the meaning conveys a different kind of evidentiality (for example, it is <i>actually</i> obtained through a process of reasoning). The existence of this phenomenon can be explained by the facts that <br /> • <br /><br />Evidentials are organised according to scales: some evidentials are considered more preferable than are others, as the degrees of preference are changeable and determined contextually; and • <br /><br />Speakers accommodate their discourse to these scales (more or less) strategically, depending on their intentions and goals, as well as on the expectations raised by the context; and they do so by <ol type="i"> • <br /><br />Choosing the evidence best ranked in a particular context and, if not available, • <br /><br />By concealing the (less preferable) evidence they have available in the guise of evidentials located higher in the ranking. </ol> <br /> <br />Special attention will be paid to the role of discursive genres in the use and values of pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.03kot 49 72 24 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 3. Exploring evidentiality in Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920)</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Intersubjectivity and accessibility of evidences</Subtitle> 1 A01 Dorota Kotwica Kotwica, Dorota Dorota Kotwica Val.Es.Co. Research Group (University of Valencia) 20 access to the evidence 20 evidentiality 20 intersubjectivity 20 scientific discourse 20 Spanish 01 This article examines the expression of evidentiality in scientific articles taking as a starting point the concept of <i>access to the evidence</i>, which is closely related to, albeit not equal with, <i>intersubjectivity</i>. Combining data from the existing theoretical background and corpus analysis, I classify the criteria for distinguishing shared from non-shared evidences within the traditional typology of evidential meanings. The analysis of a corpus of Spanish Biology articles (1850–1920) reveals the relevance of shared evidential constructions in this type of discourse and shows that the accessibility is especially linked to indirect evidential constructions. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.04bat 73 106 34 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 4. Performing the self in illness narratives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The role of evidentiality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Carolina Figueras Bates Figueras Bates, Carolina Carolina Figueras Bates University of Barcelona 20 borderline personality disorder 20 chronic fatigue syndrome 20 eating disorders 20 evidentiality 20 illness narratives 01 Narrating the personal experience of a chronic illness poses the challenge of reflecting on epistemic states and sources of evidence that shape the person´s past, present and future selves. To explore the role of evidentials in different illness stories, 32 unsolicited narratives of eating disorders (ED), 28 accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and 29 testimonies of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were selected from the Internet. The analysis revealed that, in ED narratives, the enactment of the self was realized via visual perception, and the body was construed as self. In BPD narratives, inner emotional states were adopted as the source of evidence, and the mood was defined as self. In CFS narratives, the evidence informing the self came from embodied perception, and sensations were understood as self. Evidentials, therefore, are genre-sensitive and develop particular discursive functions in different illness narratives. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.05mic 107 124 18 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 5. Evidentiality, deonticity and intensification in Internet forum language</TitleText> 1 A01 Elisabeth Miche Miche, Elisabeth Elisabeth Miche Pompeu Fabra University 20 deontic modality 20 evidentiality 20 intensification 20 internet genres 01 We analyze the Spanish verbal periphrases <i>tienes que</i> + infinitive and <i>debes</i> + infini-tive [<i>you have to</i> + infinitive and <i>you should</i> + infinitive], with a deontic meaning, in an Internet forum. These verbal forms are used to give advice to other Internet users. After analyzing their functions, we reached the conclusion that such periphrases, with deontic value, function as epistemic modals: on the part of the speaker, they imply an axiological evaluation of his or her advice in terms of it being essential and necessary. Its evidential value (in the sense of information validation rather than as a source) derives from two factors. From a pragmatic inference: when a speaker expresses a high degree of certainty, to the extent of presenting an act as a requirement or obligation, he or she must have compelling evidence in order to believe that. And from an argumentative strategy: in order to justify their exhortations, the speakers draw on their personal experience and present themselves as witnesses who guarantee the validity of their recommendations. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.06cab 125 146 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 6. Prosody, genres and evidentiality in Spanish</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">The case of “por lo visto”</Subtitle> 1 A01 Adrián Cabedo Cabedo, Adrián Adrián Cabedo University of Valencia./ Val.Es.Co Research Group 20 por lo visto 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 prosody 20 Spanish 01 The aim of this paper is to present a prosodic analysis of the evidential discourse marker <i>por lo visto</i> (‘apparently’) in six oral discourse genres: everyday conversation, discussion, sociolinguistic interviews, TV talks, parliamentary interventions, and news. The multimedia material used for this study comes from real samples of spontaneous speech; among the sources used are linguistic corpora (Valesco, CORLEC) and TV websites, or the Spanish government’s official site. In the experimental design, 29 records were analysed statistically according to different variables, mainly phonic (TOBI accents, pitch, intensity, speech rate and so on). The results showed that (a) the tonal accent L + H * is predominant in news, political discourse and sociolectal interviews; (b) only the political discourse and sociolectal interview showed examples of <i>por lo visto</i> as an independent intonational phrase; and (c) prosody seemed to differentiate the <i>pragmatic</i> and the <i>core</i> meanings of the evidential <i>por lo visto</i> in genres in which both possibilities coexist (excluding genres in which the examples are only oriented towards the <i>core</i> evidential pole (news) or towards the <i>pragmatic</i> pole (political speech). 10 01 JB code pbns.290.07gon 147 172 26 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 7. ‘No sé’</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Epistemic stance, evidential grounding and scope in unplanned oral genres</Subtitle> 1 A01 Montserrat González González, Montserrat Montserrat González Universitat Pompeu Fabra 20 I don’t know 20 no sé 20 appraisal 20 attitude 20 Catalan 20 commitment 20 English 20 epistemic phrase 20 oral genre 20 parenthetical 20 Spanish 20 stance 01 The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the semantic-pragmatic scope that epistemic phrases such as Spanish ‘no sé’ (<i>I don’t know</i>) play in oral opinion reports, a genre that implies a strong presence of value judgements and engagement on the part of the speaker. <br />The stance frame that such epistemic phrases provide as fixed epistemic formulas has been pointed out by several authors that work in the interactional epistemic domain (Kärkkäinen 2003, 2007; Scheibman 2000, 2001; Thompson 2002), exploring whether the scope of these formulas (<i>I think, I don’t know, I guess, I thought</i> and <i>I remember</i>) extends over something that has yet to be verbalized (forward scope) or over something that has already been verbalized in the preceding turn (backward scope). The working hypothesis is that, contrary to conversational genre, where such fixed formulas tend to provide a forward scope, in opinion reports the scope is twofold, with a stronger presence of backward scope, in the case of ‘<i>no sé</i>’. Findings suggest: (i) strong presence of the epistemic phrasal form (‘<i>no sé’</i>), rather than the predicative one, in the genre analyzed; (ii) predominant role of ‘<i>no sé’</i> as attitude marker, to convey affect (to construe emotional responses), judgement (to convey moral evaluations) and appreciation (to construe the value of things). 10 01 JB code pbns.290.08llo 174 205 32 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 8. The Spanish quotative <i>según</i> across written genres</TitleText> 1 A01 Ana Llopis Cardona Llopis Cardona, Ana Ana Llopis Cardona Universitat de València 20 evidential function 20 evidentiality 20 genres 20 quotative markers 20 reported speech 20 reporting verbs 01 This research aims to provide an insight into characterization of quotative markers from a specific and prototypical Spanish one, <i>según</i>. The analysis is corpus-based, specifically the data comes from four different genres (academic articles, essays, news and novels). Our study examines the linguistic features, the source of information, the combination with reporting verbs, and the frequency in relation to genres. Thus, it underlines that, in contrast to the counterpart in other languages, the evidential function of <i>según</i> is fulfilled by means of a prepositional phrase or a clause bringing a reporting verb. Also, it demonstrates the modification of the prototypical specific source (3d person) causes a reduction of reliability as a pragmatic extension, and it shows the evidential function is the most frequent across written genres and has increased significantly in news. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.09mal 205 222 18 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 9. <i>según</i> along time</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Following an epistemic path</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ricardo Maldonado Maldonado, Ricardo Ricardo Maldonado Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 2 A01 Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez De la Mora Gutiérrez, Juliana Juliana De la Mora Gutiérrez Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 20 según 20 epistemic markers 20 evidentiality 20 Spanish 01 This paper attempts to show that <i>según</i> has developed not only evidential reportative functions, but also a set of meanings that move towards the dominion of epistemicity. Diachronic analysis, shows that the original meaning of <i>según</i> (Lat. <i>secundare</i> ‘to second, to follow’) gradually moves towards evidential domains. A synchronic analysis of written and oral contemporary Spanish, shows an increase on reportative uses in both registers. Epistemic meanings are considerably more frequent in oral data, and some of these meanings (i.e. questioning the trustworthiness of a proposition) are only found in this register. It is proposed that as some properties of the core meaning are lost – particularly the link with the source of information – the degree of subjective evaluation of the event increases (Langacker 1990). It is also claimed that <i>según</i> functions as a space builder (Fauconnier 1985), becoming an evidential-epistemic marker such that the assertion is never located in the <i>space of reference</i> and only shows up in an <i>alternative space</i> where veracity is restricted to the conceptualizer’s domain. Thus, while third person uses are mostly epistemic, first and second person subjects impose an attenuative reading. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.10rod 223 250 28 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter 10. Tenses in interaction</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Beyond evidentiality</Subtitle> 1 A01 Susana Rodríguez Rosique Rodríguez Rosique, Susana Susana Rodríguez Rosique University of Alicante 20 (counter)argumentation 20 (inter)subjectivity 20 future 20 mirativity 01 This chapter analyzes the discursive functions performed by the future in Spanish. In order to do so, it departs from a definition of the future based on the deictic ‘distance forward’ instruction, which may be projected along a subjectivity axle and cross different levels of meaning. When distance is projected upon the utterance, the future plays several discursive roles and traverses a variety of categories that go beyond evidentiality. More specifically, the future in Spanish can be a powerful tool to persuade and convince (persuasive future); it can also help control disagreement as part of a counter-argumentation strategy (concessive future); or it can participate in an assessment process (mirative future). Information occurring in the future must have been previously activated for these values to arise, which naturally happens in the context of interaction. 10 01 JB code pbns.290.ind 251 254 4 Miscellaneous 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02"> Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20180724 2018 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 600 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 112 20 01 02 JB 1 00 95.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 100.70 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 80.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 2 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 143.00 USD