186019060 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 304 Hb 15 9789027203168 06 10.1075/pbns.304 13 2019002811 00 BB 08 715 gr 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 304.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems A comparative approach The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems: A comparative approach 1 B01 01 JB code 389344685 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/389344685 01 eng 11 326 03 03 vi 03 00 320 03 01 23 415/.55 03 2019 P279 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Pronoun. 04 Forms of address. 04 Interpersonal communication. 04 Speech and social status. 04 Sociolinguistics. 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 03 00 Personal pronouns have a special status in languages. As indexical tools they are the means by which languages and persons intimately interface with each other within a particular social structure. Pronouns involve more than mere grammatical functions in live communication acts. They variously signal the gender of speakers as parts of utterances or in their anaphoric roles. They also prominently indicate with a range of degrees the kind of social relationships that hold between speakers from intimacy to indifference, from dominance to submission, and from solidarity to hostility. Languages greatly vary in the number of pronouns and other address terms they offer to their users with a distinct range of social values. Children learn their relative position in their family and in their society through the “correct” use of pronouns. When languages come into contact because of population migrations or through the process of translation, pronouns are the most sensitive zone of tension both psychologically and politically. This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.304.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203168.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203168.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.304.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.304.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.304.intro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.intro 1 15 15 Introduction 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 351370128 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/351370128 01 01 JB code pbns.304.01coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.01coo 17 34 18 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 669370129 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/669370129 30 00

Address pronouns are often discussed within a T-V model of evaluation, where T symbolizes a familiar or informal approach and V a polite or formal approach. These two postures are originally associated with asymmetric personal and group interaction. N-V-T is an alternative framework of evaluation that considers neutrality, N, as an essential component. English unmarked, single pronoun you bypasses the T-V binary and has become a global example of the N posture. This chapter analyses the Anglophone case and how it compares with other languages, in some of which a traditional V or T encoder may be playing a new role in response to the inter-relational shifts which are taking place in today’s worldwide evolution of address pronoun social dynamics.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.02wil 06 10.1075/pbns.304.02wil 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 2. When we means you Chapter 2. When we means you 01 04 The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 2370130 Nick Wilson Wilson, Nick Nick Wilson Macquarie University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/2370130 30 00

This chapter uses qualitative and quantitative analysis of interactions collected in a New Zealand rugby team to analyse the way in which pronominal choice impacts upon the social dynamics of leadership discourse. In particular, the pseudo-inclusive first person plural pronoun is examined in terms of its solidarity enhancing effect and mitigation of leadership-focused speech acts. Pronominal use is analysed with reference to the sociolinguistic concept of stance alignment and how this can mitigate potential face-threat. The discussion considers that by including themselves with the addressees of an interaction, leaders can attenuate the illocutionary force of speech acts such as directives and criticism, whilst maximising the directness of their expression, and goes on to question the social function of pseudo-inclusive compliments.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.03rec 06 10.1075/pbns.304.03rec 57 74 18 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese 1 A01 01 JB code 806370131 Monica Rector Rector, Monica Monica Rector University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/806370131 2 A01 01 JB code 239370132 Marcelo da Silva Amorim Amorim, Marcelo da Silva Marcelo da Silva Amorim Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/239370132 30 00

In this chapter, we analyse how the personal pronouns in the Portuguese language system have evolved from a basic prescriptive use recommended by the grammar handbooks to a more complex and fluent performance by its more than 250 million Lusophone speakers, adapting to their particular differences and needs. The main focus is on the Brazilian Portuguese and how the non-traditional implementation of a differentiated personal pronoun system in Brazil abides by linguistic, social, and cultural laws, establishing new forms and usages toward fulfilling meaningful demands in Brazilian society.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.04coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.04coo 75 98 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives 01 04 Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) 1 A01 01 JB code 614370133 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/614370133 30 00

Polycentric languages experience variation. Address pronouns and other forms of address constitute an area which is particularly open to national preferences, where the language is influenced by different cultural backgrounds and performs at the service of different social dynamics. In translation work, achieving comparable renderings between the source language and the target language will require a discerning awareness of specific sociological and sociolinguistic characteristics in the relevant places of origin and destination of the text being converted. This chapter examines challenges and proposes solutions for those decoding and encoding between English and Portuguese. It does so using a framework of evaluation deemed to promote insight and using techniques that are transferable to other language pairs, particularly where English is involved.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.05mae 06 10.1075/pbns.304.05mae 99 132 34 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian 01 04 Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses 1 A01 01 JB code 786370134 Costantino Maeder Maeder, Costantino Costantino Maeder Université catholique de Louvain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/786370134 2 A01 01 JB code 199370135 Romane Werner Werner, Romane Romane Werner Université catholique de Louvain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/199370135 30 00

The aim of this research was to examine the Italian pronouns of address by means of (1) diachronic, (2) diatopic, and (3) diastratic analyses. Drawing on corpus linguistics, we compiled a two million-word corpus made up of narrative texts written by both men and women writers from the Italian classic literature. (1) Our outcomes confirm that the most recurrent pronoun is tu, whereas Voi and Lei quantitatively come after. With respect to politeness strategies, the pronoun Voi appeared with a higher frequency during the 19th century, whereas Lei was more recurrent during the 20th and the 21st centuries. (2) Our data suggest that, unpredictably, both pronouns tu and Lei would be idiosyncratic to Southerners and Voi to Northerners in our diachronic corpus, whereas both tu and Voi appear to be typical of individuals from the South and Lei from the North in our contemporary corpus. This also confirms some tendencies: the current regional use of Voi as the V-form in the South as well as the increase in the usage of tu. (3) Men writers would tend to be more polite than women authors. Besides, women writers who supported the fascist regime tended to make use of the pronoun Voi in order to comport with its politics of pronouns. On the contrary, antifascist women had the tendency to use the pronoun Lei. Contrary to the bulk of research, the outcomes of this research emphasise men’s politeness rather than women’s while adding up crucial data on the temporal evolution of the pronouns.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.06bou 06 10.1075/pbns.304.06bou 133 150 18 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts 1 A01 01 JB code 381370136 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/381370136 30 00

The morphology and grammatical functions of French personal pronouns are first introduced with reference to their Latin origin in the context of the Indo-European language family. Considering that the forms of personal pronouns are necessarily grounded in the preliterate emergence of language and that the metalinguistic characterization of their grammatical functions glosses over their signalling values as spatial or territorial markers, this chapter endeavours to probe the ways in which these pronouns not only reflect but also, more importantly create or enforce social structures in learning and acculturation processes. From this point of view, personal pronouns in their contexts of use can be considered as speech acts in as much as they create equality of status, intimacy, bonding, or dominance, and can transform any of these kinds of relations into one another. Evidence is drawn from personal experience in the form of revealing anecdotes and from the use of the social and interpersonal power of pronouns in literary texts that purport to portray face-to-face and epistolary interactions.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.07van 06 10.1075/pbns.304.07van 151 203 53 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships 1 A01 01 JB code 461370137 George L. Driem Driem, George L. George L. Driem University of Bern 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/461370137 30 00

Nepali uses various morphological means formally to distinguish at least five levels of deference in verbal interaction. In addition to the three Nepali second person pronouns, for each of which the Nepali verb distinguishes separate conjugated forms, Nepali speakers also make use of the deferentially conjugated verb in combination with the respectful term hajur or with kinship terms to give expression to different levels of deference and formality. Moreover, the Nepali verb distinguishes a separate mediopassively conjugated construction used exclusively when the notional subject of the sentence is a member of the former royal family. Speakers can also exploit the device of the ambiguous avoidance term āphu ‘self’ or make oblique reference to the second person through the use of the first person plural when a speaker is uncertain of the register which would be most appropriate.

Unlike the simple two-term system found in many Western languages, such as French tu vs. vous, the choice of pronoun and conjugation between intimate friends and indeed between higher caste married couples tends to be highly asymmetrical. The semiotics of this asymmetry is commensurate with the degree of intimacy which the two individuals feel towards each other. This phenomenon, strikingly unfamiliar to the contemporary Occidental, illustrates rather vividly how different the sensibilities and semantic underpinnings of the many tiers of deference expressed by pronominal usage and other morphological parameters in Nepali are from those of an intimate interaction whereby the two European individuals might simply be able to tutoyer each other. A descriptive account is provided of actual usage, and an analytical exposition of the semiotics of this morphologically diverse system of indexing relationships in Nepali speech is presented.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.08xue 06 10.1075/pbns.304.08xue 205 218 14 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference 1 A01 01 JB code 501370138 Bing Xue Xue, Bing Bing Xue Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/501370138 2 A01 01 JB code 707370139 Shaojie Zhang Zhang, Shaojie Shaojie Zhang Northeast Normal University, China 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/707370139 30 00

In the Chinese pronominal system, the first-person singular pronoun is the unmarked or grammatical form of the speaker’s reference to himself/herself, which is deictic in nature. In daily conversation, however, other deictic expressions such as plural first-person and second-person pronouns, and even non-deictic proper names and descriptive expressions, can be employed to convey self-referential meanings. By analyzing the data collected from an authoritative Chinese corpus, we claim that self-reference is not merely the marking of the speaker’s participant role but a process of identity foregrounding or ad hoc identity construction exploited by the speaker in communication. This identity construction via self-reference reflects the dynamics and complexity of self-reference in verbal interaction.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.09lee 06 10.1075/pbns.304.09lee 219 234 16 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel 01 04 What they tell us about social dynamics What they tell us about social dynamics 1 A01 01 JB code 16370140 Cher Leng Lee Lee, Cher Leng Cher Leng Lee National University of Singapore 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/16370140 30 00

The Chinese language has a five-thousand-year history, and one can track the evolution of pronouns from historical to contemporary texts. Some historical Chinese pronouns constitute complex systems. In Chinese, address systems are a more obvious indicator of politeness (Kádár 2007). However, the subtle use of pronouns in Chinese to show (im)politeness has gone quite unnoticed. In the 18th Century novel Dream of the Red Chamber, one needs to understand the social dynamics of the contexts in which the pronouns are used to know why plural pronouns are used to refer to single referents and second-person and third-person singular pronouns are used to refer to more than one referents.

The novel features the complex social hierarchy within an influential family where each person is mindful of his position in the web of social strata. Therefore, it is vital to understand the social hierarchy of the speakers, interlocutors, and referents to understand why such discrepancies occur. These discrepancies between pronouns and referents indicate the attitudes of the speakers towards the people they are speaking or referring to, functioning like a social index showing attitudes in the context of hierarchical social networks.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.10osb 06 10.1075/pbns.304.10osb 235 252 18 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako 01 04 Locating the self in Taglish tweets Locating the self in Taglish tweets 1 A01 01 JB code 3370141 Dana Osborne Osborne, Dana Dana Osborne Ryerson University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/3370141 30 00

This analysis explores the complex existential relationship that multilingual speakers in the Philippines forge between sign (language) and object (ego) when referring to themselves in Taglish using both the first-person pronouns, I (English) and ako (Tagalog) in single tweets. Bringing together complementary analytical approaches on pronouns, codeswitching/mixing, and voice, this analysis explores the ways in which the self can be dynamically constituted in the dialogic interplay of first-person pronouns in English and Tagalog on the social media platform of Twitter. Data explored in this chapter help to investigate the philosophical question of whether I and ako operate in a one-to-one existential relationship with the ego and to examine the complex ways that languages dynamically interact with one another to construct complex, kaleidoscopic selves.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.11ewi 06 10.1075/pbns.304.11ewi 253 288 36 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation 1 A01 01 JB code 355370142 Michael C. Ewing Ewing, Michael C. Michael C. Ewing The University of Melbourne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/355370142 2 A01 01 JB code 587370143 Dwi Noverini Djenar Djenar, Dwi Noverini Dwi Noverini Djenar The University of Sydney 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/587370143 30 00

Indonesian has an open pronoun system that provides speakers with a range of first and second person terms. Drawing on data from informal conversation, we examine second person expressions used for address and reference in sequence initiating actions in multiparty interaction. Previous work on English has shown that address and reference are bound up in the systematics of turn taking, and that these practices are context-sensitive. We show this is also the case for Indonesian and that: (a) variation in sequential placement of person terms does stancetaking work; (b) speakers can choose between long and short forms of a name, with short names regularly used for strong exhorting, often in a double-address structure spanning two intonation units; (c) the availability of multiple second person terms means that, unlike a language with limited second person terms such as English, second person reference can also achieve explicit addressing; (d) indeterminacy in both the structure and social action of an utterance can arise due to the frequency of allusive reference and the flexibility of word order in Indonesian. Our study contributes to current literature by showing how the dynamics of address and reference play out in a language with a much richer and varied set of person terms than English has.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.12kro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.12kro 289 317 29 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers 01 04 Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) 1 A01 01 JB code 643370144 Nicole Kruspe Kruspe, Nicole Nicole Kruspe Lund University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/643370144 2 A01 01 JB code 53370145 Niclas Burenhult Burenhult, Niclas Niclas Burenhult Lund University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/53370145 30 00

Affinal avoidance registers are strategies of restrained linguistic conduct in relation to one’s in-laws. Current theories are primarily concerned with two types of strategies: (1) taboos on uttering the proper names of affines, and (2) substitution of everyday words with dedicated parallel lexicon in the presence of affines (so-called “mother-in-law languages”). However, the role of pronouns has received limited attention. Here we explore little-known registers in the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula), where dedicated pronoun paradigms take centre stage in communication with and about in-laws. We characterise and compare these closely related but internally diverse systems, situate them in their cultural contexts, and discuss their status in relation to current theories and typologies of avoidance and honorific registers.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.index 06 10.1075/pbns.304.index 319 309 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.304 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20190723 C 2019 John Benjamins D 2019 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 57 15 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 95.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 57 15 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 143.00 USD
294019123 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 304 GE 15 9789027262547 06 10.1075/pbns.304 13 2019011306 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 JB code 0922-842X 02 304.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems 1 B01 01 JB code 389344685 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 01 eng 11 326 03 03 vi 03 00 320 03 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 01 06 02 00 This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 03 00 Personal pronouns have a special status in languages. As indexical tools they are the means by which languages and persons intimately interface with each other within a particular social structure. Pronouns involve more than mere grammatical functions in live communication acts. They variously signal the gender of speakers as parts of utterances or in their anaphoric roles. They also prominently indicate with a range of degrees the kind of social relationships that hold between speakers from intimacy to indifference, from dominance to submission, and from solidarity to hostility. Languages greatly vary in the number of pronouns and other address terms they offer to their users with a distinct range of social values. Children learn their relative position in their family and in their society through the “correct” use of pronouns. When languages come into contact because of population migrations or through the process of translation, pronouns are the most sensitive zone of tension both psychologically and politically. This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.304.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203168.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203168.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.304.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.304.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.304.intro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.intro 1 15 15 Introduction 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 351370128 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac 01 01 JB code pbns.304.01coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.01coo 17 34 18 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 669370129 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 01 01 JB code pbns.304.02wil 06 10.1075/pbns.304.02wil 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 2. When we means you Chapter 2. When we means you 01 04 The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 2370130 Nick Wilson Wilson, Nick Nick Wilson Macquarie University 01 01 JB code pbns.304.03rec 06 10.1075/pbns.304.03rec 57 74 18 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese 1 A01 01 JB code 806370131 Monica Rector Rector, Monica Monica Rector University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2 A01 01 JB code 239370132 Marcelo da Silva Amorim Amorim, Marcelo da Silva Marcelo da Silva Amorim Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 01 01 JB code pbns.304.04coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.04coo 75 98 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives 01 04 Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) 1 A01 01 JB code 614370133 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 01 01 JB code pbns.304.05mae 06 10.1075/pbns.304.05mae 99 131 33 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian 01 04 Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses 1 A01 01 JB code 786370134 Costantino Maeder Maeder, Costantino Costantino Maeder Université catholique de Louvain 2 A01 01 JB code 199370135 Romane Werner Werner, Romane Romane Werner Université catholique de Louvain 01 01 JB code pbns.304.06bou 06 10.1075/pbns.304.06bou 133 150 18 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts 1 A01 01 JB code 381370136 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 01 01 JB code pbns.304.07van 06 10.1075/pbns.304.07van 151 209 59 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships 1 A01 01 JB code 461370137 George L. Driem Driem, George L. George L. Driem University of Bern 01 01 JB code pbns.304.08xue 06 10.1075/pbns.304.08xue 205 217 13 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference 1 A01 01 JB code 501370138 Bing Xue Xue, Bing Bing Xue Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China 2 A01 01 JB code 707370139 Shaojie Zhang Zhang, Shaojie Shaojie Zhang Northeast Normal University, China 01 01 JB code pbns.304.09lee 06 10.1075/pbns.304.09lee 219 234 16 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel 01 04 What they tell us about social dynamics What they tell us about social dynamics 1 A01 01 JB code 16370140 Cher Leng Lee Lee, Cher Leng Cher Leng Lee National University of Singapore 01 01 JB code pbns.304.10osb 06 10.1075/pbns.304.10osb 235 252 18 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako 01 04 Locating the self in Taglish tweets Locating the self in Taglish tweets 1 A01 01 JB code 3370141 Dana Osborne Osborne, Dana Dana Osborne Ryerson University 01 01 JB code pbns.304.11ewi 06 10.1075/pbns.304.11ewi 253 287 35 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation 1 A01 01 JB code 355370142 Michael C. Ewing Ewing, Michael C. Michael C. Ewing The University of Melbourne 2 A01 01 JB code 587370143 Dwi Noverini Djenar Djenar, Dwi Noverini Dwi Noverini Djenar The University of Sydney 01 01 JB code pbns.304.12kro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.12kro 289 317 29 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers 01 04 Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) 1 A01 01 JB code 643370144 Nicole Kruspe Kruspe, Nicole Nicole Kruspe Lund University 2 A01 01 JB code 53370145 Niclas Burenhult Burenhult, Niclas Niclas Burenhult Lund University 01 01 JB code pbns.304.index 06 10.1075/pbns.304.index 319 309 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20190723 C 2019 John Benjamins D 2019 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203168 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 80.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 143.00 USD 884019061 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 304 Eb 15 9789027262547 06 10.1075/pbns.304 13 2019011306 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 304.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 700 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2024 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2024 (ca. 600 titles, starting 2019) 11 01 JB code jbe-2019 01 02 2019 collection (119 titles) 05 02 2019 collection 01 01 The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems A comparative approach The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems: A comparative approach 1 B01 01 JB code 389344685 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/389344685 01 eng 11 326 03 03 vi 03 00 320 03 01 23 415/.55 03 2019 P279 04 Grammar, Comparative and general--Pronoun. 04 Forms of address. 04 Interpersonal communication. 04 Speech and social status. 04 Sociolinguistics. 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 03 00 Personal pronouns have a special status in languages. As indexical tools they are the means by which languages and persons intimately interface with each other within a particular social structure. Pronouns involve more than mere grammatical functions in live communication acts. They variously signal the gender of speakers as parts of utterances or in their anaphoric roles. They also prominently indicate with a range of degrees the kind of social relationships that hold between speakers from intimacy to indifference, from dominance to submission, and from solidarity to hostility. Languages greatly vary in the number of pronouns and other address terms they offer to their users with a distinct range of social values. Children learn their relative position in their family and in their society through the “correct” use of pronouns. When languages come into contact because of population migrations or through the process of translation, pronouns are the most sensitive zone of tension both psychologically and politically. This volume endeavours to probe the comparative pragmatics of pronominal systems as social processes in a representative set from different language families and cultural areas. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.304.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203168.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203168.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.304.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.304.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.304.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.304.intro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.intro 1 15 15 Introduction 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 351370128 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/351370128 01 01 JB code pbns.304.01coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.01coo 17 34 18 Chapter 2 01 04 Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 669370129 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/669370129 30 00

Address pronouns are often discussed within a T-V model of evaluation, where T symbolizes a familiar or informal approach and V a polite or formal approach. These two postures are originally associated with asymmetric personal and group interaction. N-V-T is an alternative framework of evaluation that considers neutrality, N, as an essential component. English unmarked, single pronoun you bypasses the T-V binary and has become a global example of the N posture. This chapter analyses the Anglophone case and how it compares with other languages, in some of which a traditional V or T encoder may be playing a new role in response to the inter-relational shifts which are taking place in today’s worldwide evolution of address pronoun social dynamics.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.02wil 06 10.1075/pbns.304.02wil 35 56 22 Chapter 3 01 04 Chapter 2. When we means you Chapter 2. When we means you 01 04 The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns The social meaning of English pseudo-inclusive personal pronouns 1 A01 01 JB code 2370130 Nick Wilson Wilson, Nick Nick Wilson Macquarie University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/2370130 30 00

This chapter uses qualitative and quantitative analysis of interactions collected in a New Zealand rugby team to analyse the way in which pronominal choice impacts upon the social dynamics of leadership discourse. In particular, the pseudo-inclusive first person plural pronoun is examined in terms of its solidarity enhancing effect and mitigation of leadership-focused speech acts. Pronominal use is analysed with reference to the sociolinguistic concept of stance alignment and how this can mitigate potential face-threat. The discussion considers that by including themselves with the addressees of an interaction, leaders can attenuate the illocutionary force of speech acts such as directives and criticism, whilst maximising the directness of their expression, and goes on to question the social function of pseudo-inclusive compliments.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.03rec 06 10.1075/pbns.304.03rec 57 74 18 Chapter 4 01 04 Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese Chapter 3. A socio-semiotic approach to the personal pronominal system in Brazilian Portuguese 1 A01 01 JB code 806370131 Monica Rector Rector, Monica Monica Rector University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/806370131 2 A01 01 JB code 239370132 Marcelo da Silva Amorim Amorim, Marcelo da Silva Marcelo da Silva Amorim Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/239370132 30 00

In this chapter, we analyse how the personal pronouns in the Portuguese language system have evolved from a basic prescriptive use recommended by the grammar handbooks to a more complex and fluent performance by its more than 250 million Lusophone speakers, adapting to their particular differences and needs. The main focus is on the Brazilian Portuguese and how the non-traditional implementation of a differentiated personal pronoun system in Brazil abides by linguistic, social, and cultural laws, establishing new forms and usages toward fulfilling meaningful demands in Brazilian society.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.04coo 06 10.1075/pbns.304.04coo 75 98 24 Chapter 5 01 04 Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives Chapter 4. Address pronouns and alternatives 01 04 Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) Challenges and solutions when translating between two polycentric languages (English and Portuguese) 1 A01 01 JB code 614370133 Manuela Cook Cook, Manuela Manuela Cook University of Wolverhampton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/614370133 30 00

Polycentric languages experience variation. Address pronouns and other forms of address constitute an area which is particularly open to national preferences, where the language is influenced by different cultural backgrounds and performs at the service of different social dynamics. In translation work, achieving comparable renderings between the source language and the target language will require a discerning awareness of specific sociological and sociolinguistic characteristics in the relevant places of origin and destination of the text being converted. This chapter examines challenges and proposes solutions for those decoding and encoding between English and Portuguese. It does so using a framework of evaluation deemed to promote insight and using techniques that are transferable to other language pairs, particularly where English is involved.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.05mae 06 10.1075/pbns.304.05mae 99 132 34 Chapter 6 01 04 Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian Chapter 5. T-V address practices in Italian 01 04 Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses Diachronic, diatopic, and diastratic analyses 1 A01 01 JB code 786370134 Costantino Maeder Maeder, Costantino Costantino Maeder Université catholique de Louvain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/786370134 2 A01 01 JB code 199370135 Romane Werner Werner, Romane Romane Werner Université catholique de Louvain 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/199370135 30 00

The aim of this research was to examine the Italian pronouns of address by means of (1) diachronic, (2) diatopic, and (3) diastratic analyses. Drawing on corpus linguistics, we compiled a two million-word corpus made up of narrative texts written by both men and women writers from the Italian classic literature. (1) Our outcomes confirm that the most recurrent pronoun is tu, whereas Voi and Lei quantitatively come after. With respect to politeness strategies, the pronoun Voi appeared with a higher frequency during the 19th century, whereas Lei was more recurrent during the 20th and the 21st centuries. (2) Our data suggest that, unpredictably, both pronouns tu and Lei would be idiosyncratic to Southerners and Voi to Northerners in our diachronic corpus, whereas both tu and Voi appear to be typical of individuals from the South and Lei from the North in our contemporary corpus. This also confirms some tendencies: the current regional use of Voi as the V-form in the South as well as the increase in the usage of tu. (3) Men writers would tend to be more polite than women authors. Besides, women writers who supported the fascist regime tended to make use of the pronoun Voi in order to comport with its politics of pronouns. On the contrary, antifascist women had the tendency to use the pronoun Lei. Contrary to the bulk of research, the outcomes of this research emphasise men’s politeness rather than women’s while adding up crucial data on the temporal evolution of the pronouns.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.06bou 06 10.1075/pbns.304.06bou 133 150 18 Chapter 7 01 04 Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts Chapter 6. Forms and functions of the French personal pronouns in social interactions and literary texts 1 A01 01 JB code 381370136 Paul Bouissac Bouissac, Paul Paul Bouissac University of Toronto 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/381370136 30 00

The morphology and grammatical functions of French personal pronouns are first introduced with reference to their Latin origin in the context of the Indo-European language family. Considering that the forms of personal pronouns are necessarily grounded in the preliterate emergence of language and that the metalinguistic characterization of their grammatical functions glosses over their signalling values as spatial or territorial markers, this chapter endeavours to probe the ways in which these pronouns not only reflect but also, more importantly create or enforce social structures in learning and acculturation processes. From this point of view, personal pronouns in their contexts of use can be considered as speech acts in as much as they create equality of status, intimacy, bonding, or dominance, and can transform any of these kinds of relations into one another. Evidence is drawn from personal experience in the form of revealing anecdotes and from the use of the social and interpersonal power of pronouns in literary texts that purport to portray face-to-face and epistolary interactions.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.07van 06 10.1075/pbns.304.07van 151 203 53 Chapter 8 01 04 Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships Chapter 7. The dynamics of Nepali pronominal distinctions in familiar, casual and formal relationships 1 A01 01 JB code 461370137 George L. Driem Driem, George L. George L. Driem University of Bern 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/461370137 30 00

Nepali uses various morphological means formally to distinguish at least five levels of deference in verbal interaction. In addition to the three Nepali second person pronouns, for each of which the Nepali verb distinguishes separate conjugated forms, Nepali speakers also make use of the deferentially conjugated verb in combination with the respectful term hajur or with kinship terms to give expression to different levels of deference and formality. Moreover, the Nepali verb distinguishes a separate mediopassively conjugated construction used exclusively when the notional subject of the sentence is a member of the former royal family. Speakers can also exploit the device of the ambiguous avoidance term āphu ‘self’ or make oblique reference to the second person through the use of the first person plural when a speaker is uncertain of the register which would be most appropriate.

Unlike the simple two-term system found in many Western languages, such as French tu vs. vous, the choice of pronoun and conjugation between intimate friends and indeed between higher caste married couples tends to be highly asymmetrical. The semiotics of this asymmetry is commensurate with the degree of intimacy which the two individuals feel towards each other. This phenomenon, strikingly unfamiliar to the contemporary Occidental, illustrates rather vividly how different the sensibilities and semantic underpinnings of the many tiers of deference expressed by pronominal usage and other morphological parameters in Nepali are from those of an intimate interaction whereby the two European individuals might simply be able to tutoyer each other. A descriptive account is provided of actual usage, and an analytical exposition of the semiotics of this morphologically diverse system of indexing relationships in Nepali speech is presented.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.08xue 06 10.1075/pbns.304.08xue 205 218 14 Chapter 9 01 04 Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference Chapter 8. The Chinese pronominal system and identity construction via self-reference 1 A01 01 JB code 501370138 Bing Xue Xue, Bing Bing Xue Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/501370138 2 A01 01 JB code 707370139 Shaojie Zhang Zhang, Shaojie Shaojie Zhang Northeast Normal University, China 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/707370139 30 00

In the Chinese pronominal system, the first-person singular pronoun is the unmarked or grammatical form of the speaker’s reference to himself/herself, which is deictic in nature. In daily conversation, however, other deictic expressions such as plural first-person and second-person pronouns, and even non-deictic proper names and descriptive expressions, can be employed to convey self-referential meanings. By analyzing the data collected from an authoritative Chinese corpus, we claim that self-reference is not merely the marking of the speaker’s participant role but a process of identity foregrounding or ad hoc identity construction exploited by the speaker in communication. This identity construction via self-reference reflects the dynamics and complexity of self-reference in verbal interaction.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.09lee 06 10.1075/pbns.304.09lee 219 234 16 Chapter 10 01 04 Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel Chapter 9. Pronouns in an 18th century Chinese novel 01 04 What they tell us about social dynamics What they tell us about social dynamics 1 A01 01 JB code 16370140 Cher Leng Lee Lee, Cher Leng Cher Leng Lee National University of Singapore 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/16370140 30 00

The Chinese language has a five-thousand-year history, and one can track the evolution of pronouns from historical to contemporary texts. Some historical Chinese pronouns constitute complex systems. In Chinese, address systems are a more obvious indicator of politeness (Kádár 2007). However, the subtle use of pronouns in Chinese to show (im)politeness has gone quite unnoticed. In the 18th Century novel Dream of the Red Chamber, one needs to understand the social dynamics of the contexts in which the pronouns are used to know why plural pronouns are used to refer to single referents and second-person and third-person singular pronouns are used to refer to more than one referents.

The novel features the complex social hierarchy within an influential family where each person is mindful of his position in the web of social strata. Therefore, it is vital to understand the social hierarchy of the speakers, interlocutors, and referents to understand why such discrepancies occur. These discrepancies between pronouns and referents indicate the attitudes of the speakers towards the people they are speaking or referring to, functioning like a social index showing attitudes in the context of hierarchical social networks.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.10osb 06 10.1075/pbns.304.10osb 235 252 18 Chapter 11 01 04 Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako Chapter 10. Me, myself, and ako 01 04 Locating the self in Taglish tweets Locating the self in Taglish tweets 1 A01 01 JB code 3370141 Dana Osborne Osborne, Dana Dana Osborne Ryerson University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/3370141 30 00

This analysis explores the complex existential relationship that multilingual speakers in the Philippines forge between sign (language) and object (ego) when referring to themselves in Taglish using both the first-person pronouns, I (English) and ako (Tagalog) in single tweets. Bringing together complementary analytical approaches on pronouns, codeswitching/mixing, and voice, this analysis explores the ways in which the self can be dynamically constituted in the dialogic interplay of first-person pronouns in English and Tagalog on the social media platform of Twitter. Data explored in this chapter help to investigate the philosophical question of whether I and ako operate in a one-to-one existential relationship with the ego and to examine the complex ways that languages dynamically interact with one another to construct complex, kaleidoscopic selves.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.11ewi 06 10.1075/pbns.304.11ewi 253 288 36 Chapter 12 01 04 Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation Chapter 11. Address, reference and sequentiality in Indonesian conversation 1 A01 01 JB code 355370142 Michael C. Ewing Ewing, Michael C. Michael C. Ewing The University of Melbourne 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/355370142 2 A01 01 JB code 587370143 Dwi Noverini Djenar Djenar, Dwi Noverini Dwi Noverini Djenar The University of Sydney 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/587370143 30 00

Indonesian has an open pronoun system that provides speakers with a range of first and second person terms. Drawing on data from informal conversation, we examine second person expressions used for address and reference in sequence initiating actions in multiparty interaction. Previous work on English has shown that address and reference are bound up in the systematics of turn taking, and that these practices are context-sensitive. We show this is also the case for Indonesian and that: (a) variation in sequential placement of person terms does stancetaking work; (b) speakers can choose between long and short forms of a name, with short names regularly used for strong exhorting, often in a double-address structure spanning two intonation units; (c) the availability of multiple second person terms means that, unlike a language with limited second person terms such as English, second person reference can also achieve explicit addressing; (d) indeterminacy in both the structure and social action of an utterance can arise due to the frequency of allusive reference and the flexibility of word order in Indonesian. Our study contributes to current literature by showing how the dynamics of address and reference play out in a language with a much richer and varied set of person terms than English has.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.12kro 06 10.1075/pbns.304.12kro 289 317 29 Chapter 13 01 04 Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers Chapter 12. Pronouns in affinal avoidance registers 01 04 Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) Evidence from the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula) 1 A01 01 JB code 643370144 Nicole Kruspe Kruspe, Nicole Nicole Kruspe Lund University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/643370144 2 A01 01 JB code 53370145 Niclas Burenhult Burenhult, Niclas Niclas Burenhult Lund University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/53370145 30 00

Affinal avoidance registers are strategies of restrained linguistic conduct in relation to one’s in-laws. Current theories are primarily concerned with two types of strategies: (1) taboos on uttering the proper names of affines, and (2) substitution of everyday words with dedicated parallel lexicon in the presence of affines (so-called “mother-in-law languages”). However, the role of pronouns has received limited attention. Here we explore little-known registers in the Aslian languages (Austroasiatic, Malay Peninsula), where dedicated pronoun paradigms take centre stage in communication with and about in-laws. We characterise and compare these closely related but internally diverse systems, situate them in their cultural contexts, and discuss their status in relation to current theories and typologies of avoidance and honorific registers.

01 01 JB code pbns.304.index 06 10.1075/pbns.304.index 319 309 Miscellaneous 14 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.304 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20190723 C 2019 John Benjamins D 2019 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203168 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027262547 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 143.00 USD