237027501 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 323 Eb 15 9789027259714 06 10.1075/pbns.323 13 2021016883 DG 002 02 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 323 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questioning and Answering Practices across Contexts and Cultures</TitleText> 01 pbns.323 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.323 1 B01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie Strömstad Academy, Sweden 01 eng 322 vi 316 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 This book showcases innovative research about the multi-functional and dynamic interrelatedness of questioning and answering practices in institution- and culture-specific interactions ranging from under-explored to extensively researched ones: South-Korean talk shows, Japanese interviews, Chinese news interviews, police-civilian interactions in the USA, Italian interviews and courtroom examinations, Japanese parliamentary debates and Prime Minister’s Questions in the UK Parliament.<br />Challenging the view that questions are asked with the purpose of seeking information and eliciting answers, these studies open up new research avenues through insightful investigations and critical scrutiny that problematize the question-answer paradigm, through which meanings are conveyed, negotiated and/or contested, and through which relationships are established, maintained and/or challenged. Significant findings show that questioning and answering strategies are shaped by the specific norms and constraints of particular communities of practice, while at the same time they are shaping the very same communities of practice. This book will appeal to interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners across the linguistic, media, political, legal and social sciences. 05 How and why questioning and answering patterns vary across cultures is a perennial topic for the language sciences. This volume makes an important contribution to this task. It offers innovative explorations of a considerable range of question-answer patterns in institutional genres through empirically diverse and theoretically cutting-edge studies. A most welcome addition to the literature, opening new research avenues. John Heritage, University of California at Los Angeles 05 The nine contributions to this volume are well-researched and accessible studies adding to the existing body of literature on questioning and answering practices. The volume is organized in a logical way such that the chapters flow thematically from one to the next, even across the different parts of the book. While this volume could serve as a university-level textbook, several chapters in it could also stand alone as weekly readings. [...] Truly a compelling collection of studies in questioning and answering practices in a refreshingly diverse array of contexts and cultures. This volume provides an introduction to topics that may be unfamiliar to junior scholars, while also laying the groundwork for future work in pragmatics in the variety of contexts and cultures it surveys. Ana-Maria Jerca, York University, Canada, on Linguist List 33.618 (17 February 2022). 05 This engaging and insightful volume edited by Cornelia Ilie presents a diverse collection of contributions to the studies of questioning and answering practices in talk. [...] This timely volume enriches our understanding of questions and answers by offering studies from different perspectives, languages, and contexts, and opens up possibilities for further collaborations. It empirically shows that the interplay of questioning and answering should be understood as a dynamic process, one that needs to be approached with a multitude of considerations such as context, roles played by the participants, etc. This volume is highly recommended for all scholars and researchers interested in the topic of the questioning and answering practices in naturally occurring talk. Stephanie Hyeri Kim, California State University Northridge, in Journal of Pragmatics 218 (2023). 05 Questioning is one of the most pervasive and significant forms of social interaction in all the contexts of our social and civic lives. This volume offers a rich set of studies of language- and culture-specific questioning practices. An impressive and insightful, culturally eclectic, collection, guided by Cornelia Ilie’s immense experience and scholarship in this field. Paul Drew, University of York 05 Why should you definitely read this book? Here is the answer: It is a compelling collection of theoretically and empirically very interesting studies that reveal how question-answer sequences work similarly/differently in various institutions across many cultures. Manfred Kienpointner, University of Innsbruck 05 This engaging book bears the mark of Professor Cornelia Ilie’s long-standing expertise in the analysis of questions and answers. It both enhances and sharpens our understanding of the ways in which the acts of asking and answering questions can reinforce, as well as challenge, socio-cultural discourse styles. Undoubtedly, this volume will become a benchmark for the ongoing research literature. Peter Bull, Universities of York and Salford 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.323.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209153.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209153.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.323.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.323.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.323.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.323.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.323.01ili 1 32 32 Introduction 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questions we (inter)act with</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Interrelatedness of questions and answers in discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p1 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Questioning and answering strategies in parliamentary discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.02ili 35 70 36 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Evasive answers vs. aggressive questions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Parliamentary confrontational practices in Prime Minister’s Questions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie 20 answer 20 argument 20 audience 20 government 20 leader of the opposition 20 opposition 20 parliamentary 20 PMQs 20 pragma-rhetorical 20 Prime Minister 20 question 01 The goal of this investigation is to scrutinize the interplay of parliamentary questions and answers in the notoriously polarized PMQs (Prime Minister’s Questions), in terms of three pragmatic criteria: topical focus, addressed target(s), and pursued goal(s). A pragma-rhetorical analysis explores the interrelatedness between the confrontational question-asking behaviour of the Leader of the Opposition (LO) and the evasive question-answering behaviour of the Prime Minister (PM). The findings indicate that (i) the LO Jeremy Corbyn strives to hold the PM accountable not through straightforward questions, but rather by calling into question and attacking the PM Theresa May, her decisions and actions; (ii) the PM, in her turn, rather than providing straightforward answers, confronts the LO’s aggressive questions by partly or fully evading them, by rejecting the questions’ presuppositions, or by counterattacking. The interrelatedness between parliamentary questions and answers provides evidence that both MP Blackford and the PM are pursuing double agendas: on the one hand, an issue-oriented agenda with well-established political goals, and on the other, an audience-oriented agenda adjusted to presumed audience expectations. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.03tan 71 106 36 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Japanese politicians’ questions in parliament</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Being polite yet forceful?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lidia Tanaka Tanaka, Lidia Lidia Tanaka 20 canonical questions 20 impoliteness 20 Japanese 20 politeness 20 politicians 20 The House of Representatives 01 This chapter addresses the paucity of research on parliamentary discourse in Japan by examining questions used in The House of Representatives Plenary Meetings (2014–2017). This study looks at grammatical, functional and turn-taking aspects to explore Japanese politicians’ questioning strategies and to ascertain whether the canonical <i>ka</i>-question is favored over other types of question forms. It also examines linguistic impoliteness which is noticeable in the discourse on both sides – the questioner and the answerer – or the opposition and the government. The analysis shows that Japanese politicians draw on very polarized questioning and answering strategies. Very polite forms are used but also aggressive linguistic strategies are deployed showing how language is used as a tool to attack the opposing members of Parliament and to defend own policies. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p2 Section header 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Questioning and answering strategies in legal and police discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.04gni 109 144 36 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pragmatic functions of question-answer sequences in Italian legal examinations and TV interviews with politicians</TitleText> 1 A01 Augusto Gnisci Gnisci, Augusto Augusto Gnisci 20 coerciveness of questions 20 equivocation of answers 20 examinations 20 interviews 20 legal interaction 20 political interaction 20 sequential analysis 01 The aim of this chapter is to identify the sequential relationship between coerciveness of questions and equivocation of answers when the same 11 politicians were interviewed on TV, and also examined during a criminal trial. Two observers codified each of the 2,757 question-answer sequences of the sample (37 h of video recordings) for coercion and equivocation. The results show that the coerciveness of questions interacts with the context to determine the equivocation of the answer, and so does the equivocation for determining the coercion of the following question. The interactional asymmetry between politicians and questioners displays opposite patterns in the two contexts: in courtrooms, coercion depends strongly on the equivocation of the answer, but the answer depends more on the coercion exerted by the type of the context; on TV, however, equivocation depends strongly on coercion. The subsequent implications are discussed. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.05cas 145 164 20 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“You were resisting the whole time!”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Assumption of guilt in police-civilian question-response interactions</Subtitle> 1 A01 L. Guditus Casey Casey, L. Guditus L. Guditus Casey 20 American English 20 critical discourse analysis (CDA) 20 forensic linguistics 20 framing 20 police 20 police interactions 20 questions 20 race 20 resistance 01 This chapter uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Blommaert and Bulcaen 2000) to examine white police interactions with Black civilians in the United States. The syntactic, pragmatic, and discursive evidence in the interactions indicates the officers approach the interactions through an arrest framework based on assumption of civilian guilt. In contrast, it is arguable from the ways civilians ask questions and react to the officers’ accusations they frame the interactions as information exchanges. Because of this difference in framing, officers interpret actions allowable within an information exchange as “resistance” within an arrest framework, justifiying use of force against the civilians. This bias in the way civilians are treated when officers assume guilt problematizes this institutional interaction as unsafe for Black civilians. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p3 Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Questioning and answering strategies in interview and TV-show discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.06nak 167 192 26 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Constructing interrupting inquiries as cooperative interactions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Question-response-<i>hai</i> ‘yes’ sequences in Japanese interviews</Subtitle> 1 A01 Momoko Nakamura Nakamura, Momoko Momoko Nakamura Kanto Gakuin University 20 interruption 20 interview 20 Japanese 20 main/side activities 20 question 01 This chapter examines how speakers manage the simultaneous occurrence of questioning and interruption. The data are 22 sequences consisting of an interviewer’s interrupting question, the interviewee’s response, and the interviewer’s <i>hai</i> ‘yes’, from 60-minute interviews with eight women. I analyze what discursive strategies the interview participants employ to construct such sequences as cooperative interactions. The analysis shows that: (1) the interviewee constructs the sequence as a side activity, sustaining the status of her narrative as the main activity; (2) the interviewee turns the side activity into a crucial contribution to the interaction; and (3) the interviewer utilizes <i>hai</i> to explicitly transfer speakership to the interviewee. The findings demonstrate the importance of examining questions within sequences of ongoing interaction. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.07kim 193 226 34 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Formulation questions and responses in Korean TV talk show interactions</TitleText> 1 A01 Kyu-hyun Kim Kim, Kyu-hyun Kyu-hyun Kim Kyung Hee University 2 A01 Kyung-hee Suh Suh, Kyung-hee Kyung-hee Suh Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 20 assessment 20 confirmation 20 conversation analysis 20 disconfirmation 20 formulation 20 Korean talk-show 20 master narrative 20 sequence 20 turn design 01 This chapter examines the sequence-organizational role of the host’s formulation questions and the guest’s responses in entertainment-oriented Korean talk-shows. Constructed as a ‘follow-up’ re-presenting the upshot of the guest’s response on the host’s terms, the host’s formulation questions mediate sequence expansion through which an ‘information-oriented’ sequence is transited to an ‘affectively-loaded’ assessment sequence. This transition, contingent on the guest’s confirmation, is co-constructively accomplished; the host’s enticement of the guest’s confirmation is embodied in the turn-design features of formulation questions rendering an ‘obvious’ gist of the guest’s response, or indexing the host’s agentivity and empathic stance. The host’s move to implicate the guest in his/her ‘master-sequential’ transition may be resisted, with the guest, through disconfirmation, promoting a master narrative of his/her own. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.08gao 227 254 28 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Devices of alignment</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><i>Suoyi</i>- and <i>danshi</i>-prefaced questions in Mandarin Chinese TV news interviews</Subtitle> 1 A01 Hua Gao Gao, Hua Hua Gao Shenzhen University 20 Chinese TV news interview 20 connective 20 conversation analysis 20 interaction 20 question design 01 The Mandarin resultative connective <i>suoyi</i> ‘so’ and adversative connective <i>dan(shi)</i> ‘but’ are found to preface interviewer (IR) questions regularly in Chinese TV news interviews. This study draws on a conversational analysis (CA)-oriented micro-analytical approach and examines the form, placement and function of the two connective-prefaced questions. The findings show that IRs employ, on the one hand, a turn-initial <i>suoyi</i> to preface a declarative, alone or followed by a question tag that invokes a prior interviewee (IE) opinion, and, on the other, a turn-initial <i>dan(shi)</i> to preface either a wh-question or a yes/no question and bring forth a point of contrast and transition for questioning. Both questions not only encode IRs’ epistemic stance, but also display their alignment to IEs’ prior talk in different ways. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p4 Section header 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Questioning and answering as strategies of interpersonal interaction at the public-private discourse interface</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.09red 257 284 28 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“Doing being collegial”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Participants’ positioning work in Q&#38;A sessions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Elizabeth Reddington Reddington, Elizabeth Elizabeth Reddington Columbia University 2 A01 Ignasi Clemente Clemente, Ignasi Ignasi Clemente City University of New York 3 A01 Hansun Zhang Waring Waring, Hansun Zhang Hansun Zhang Waring Columbia University 4 A01 Di Yu Yu, Di Di Yu Columbia University 20 collegiality 20 conversation analysis 20 identity 20 institutional interaction 20 philanthropy communication 20 positioning 20 Q&A sessions 01 This chapter applies conversation analysis to investigate questioning and responding practices in the understudied context of post-presentation question-and-answer (Q&#38;A) sessions. Participants include speakers who represent a U.S. philanthropic foundation and audiences interested in health issues. Examining a corpus of question-answer sequences from four video-recorded Q&#38;A sessions, we find that participants routinely use their multi-unit questioning and responding turns to minimize asymmetry, positioning themselves and their interlocutors as peers with shared concerns. By documenting how presenters and audience members “do collegiality” through questioning and responding practices, the study contributes to research on question-answer sequences in institutional settings, revealing a complex interactional context in which participants work to blur the line between “expert” and “layperson” identities. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.10shi 285 312 28 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Question–answer sequences in Japanese first encounters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Wishing to get to know new persons vs. dispreferred behavior of asking questions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yuka Shigemitsu Shigemitsu, Yuka Yuka Shigemitsu 20 answer 20 dispreferred behavior 20 first encounters 20 Japanese 20 male 20 personal territory 20 question 20 social etiquette 20 sociocultural background 01 The aim of this investigation is to examine the relationship between information-eliciting questions and their corresponding answers that occur in first encounters between male interlocutors in a Japanese semi-formal academic context. This topic acquires a special significance in the context of Japanese culture, where asking questions is regarded as dispreferred verbal behavior. Five types of constraints on initiating question-based conversations in a Japanese social-cultural context have been identified: (i) questions may compel the recipient to speak; (ii) questions may invade the recipient’s personal territory; (iii) questions may reveal conflict between interlocutors; (iv) questions may interrupt someone’s ongoing talk; and (v) questions may reveal the respondent’s inability to answer. The analysis points to a paradox regarding the discursive behaviour of Japanese males: they show a desire to get acquainted with each other, while at the same time they are reluctant to ask questions which might cause uncomfortable feelings. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.index 313 316 4 Miscellaneous 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210726 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027209153 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 90027500 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 323 Hb 15 9789027209153 13 2021016882 BB 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 323 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questioning and Answering Practices across Contexts and Cultures</TitleText> 01 pbns.323 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.323 1 B01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie Strömstad Academy, Sweden 01 eng 322 vi 316 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 This book showcases innovative research about the multi-functional and dynamic interrelatedness of questioning and answering practices in institution- and culture-specific interactions ranging from under-explored to extensively researched ones: South-Korean talk shows, Japanese interviews, Chinese news interviews, police-civilian interactions in the USA, Italian interviews and courtroom examinations, Japanese parliamentary debates and Prime Minister’s Questions in the UK Parliament.<br />Challenging the view that questions are asked with the purpose of seeking information and eliciting answers, these studies open up new research avenues through insightful investigations and critical scrutiny that problematize the question-answer paradigm, through which meanings are conveyed, negotiated and/or contested, and through which relationships are established, maintained and/or challenged. Significant findings show that questioning and answering strategies are shaped by the specific norms and constraints of particular communities of practice, while at the same time they are shaping the very same communities of practice. This book will appeal to interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners across the linguistic, media, political, legal and social sciences. 05 How and why questioning and answering patterns vary across cultures is a perennial topic for the language sciences. This volume makes an important contribution to this task. It offers innovative explorations of a considerable range of question-answer patterns in institutional genres through empirically diverse and theoretically cutting-edge studies. A most welcome addition to the literature, opening new research avenues. John Heritage, University of California at Los Angeles 05 The nine contributions to this volume are well-researched and accessible studies adding to the existing body of literature on questioning and answering practices. The volume is organized in a logical way such that the chapters flow thematically from one to the next, even across the different parts of the book. While this volume could serve as a university-level textbook, several chapters in it could also stand alone as weekly readings. [...] Truly a compelling collection of studies in questioning and answering practices in a refreshingly diverse array of contexts and cultures. This volume provides an introduction to topics that may be unfamiliar to junior scholars, while also laying the groundwork for future work in pragmatics in the variety of contexts and cultures it surveys. Ana-Maria Jerca, York University, Canada, on Linguist List 33.618 (17 February 2022). 05 This engaging and insightful volume edited by Cornelia Ilie presents a diverse collection of contributions to the studies of questioning and answering practices in talk. [...] This timely volume enriches our understanding of questions and answers by offering studies from different perspectives, languages, and contexts, and opens up possibilities for further collaborations. It empirically shows that the interplay of questioning and answering should be understood as a dynamic process, one that needs to be approached with a multitude of considerations such as context, roles played by the participants, etc. This volume is highly recommended for all scholars and researchers interested in the topic of the questioning and answering practices in naturally occurring talk. Stephanie Hyeri Kim, California State University Northridge, in Journal of Pragmatics 218 (2023). 05 Questioning is one of the most pervasive and significant forms of social interaction in all the contexts of our social and civic lives. This volume offers a rich set of studies of language- and culture-specific questioning practices. An impressive and insightful, culturally eclectic, collection, guided by Cornelia Ilie’s immense experience and scholarship in this field. Paul Drew, University of York 05 Why should you definitely read this book? Here is the answer: It is a compelling collection of theoretically and empirically very interesting studies that reveal how question-answer sequences work similarly/differently in various institutions across many cultures. Manfred Kienpointner, University of Innsbruck 05 This engaging book bears the mark of Professor Cornelia Ilie’s long-standing expertise in the analysis of questions and answers. It both enhances and sharpens our understanding of the ways in which the acts of asking and answering questions can reinforce, as well as challenge, socio-cultural discourse styles. Undoubtedly, this volume will become a benchmark for the ongoing research literature. Peter Bull, Universities of York and Salford 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.323.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209153.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209153.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.323.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.323.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.323.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.323.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.323.01ili 1 32 32 Introduction 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Questions we (inter)act with</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Interrelatedness of questions and answers in discourse</Subtitle> 1 A01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p1 Section header 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part I. Questioning and answering strategies in parliamentary discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.02ili 35 70 36 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Evasive answers vs. aggressive questions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Parliamentary confrontational practices in Prime Minister’s Questions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Cornelia Ilie Ilie, Cornelia Cornelia Ilie 20 answer 20 argument 20 audience 20 government 20 leader of the opposition 20 opposition 20 parliamentary 20 PMQs 20 pragma-rhetorical 20 Prime Minister 20 question 01 The goal of this investigation is to scrutinize the interplay of parliamentary questions and answers in the notoriously polarized PMQs (Prime Minister’s Questions), in terms of three pragmatic criteria: topical focus, addressed target(s), and pursued goal(s). A pragma-rhetorical analysis explores the interrelatedness between the confrontational question-asking behaviour of the Leader of the Opposition (LO) and the evasive question-answering behaviour of the Prime Minister (PM). The findings indicate that (i) the LO Jeremy Corbyn strives to hold the PM accountable not through straightforward questions, but rather by calling into question and attacking the PM Theresa May, her decisions and actions; (ii) the PM, in her turn, rather than providing straightforward answers, confronts the LO’s aggressive questions by partly or fully evading them, by rejecting the questions’ presuppositions, or by counterattacking. The interrelatedness between parliamentary questions and answers provides evidence that both MP Blackford and the PM are pursuing double agendas: on the one hand, an issue-oriented agenda with well-established political goals, and on the other, an audience-oriented agenda adjusted to presumed audience expectations. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.03tan 71 106 36 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Japanese politicians’ questions in parliament</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Being polite yet forceful?</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lidia Tanaka Tanaka, Lidia Lidia Tanaka 20 canonical questions 20 impoliteness 20 Japanese 20 politeness 20 politicians 20 The House of Representatives 01 This chapter addresses the paucity of research on parliamentary discourse in Japan by examining questions used in The House of Representatives Plenary Meetings (2014–2017). This study looks at grammatical, functional and turn-taking aspects to explore Japanese politicians’ questioning strategies and to ascertain whether the canonical <i>ka</i>-question is favored over other types of question forms. It also examines linguistic impoliteness which is noticeable in the discourse on both sides – the questioner and the answerer – or the opposition and the government. The analysis shows that Japanese politicians draw on very polarized questioning and answering strategies. Very polite forms are used but also aggressive linguistic strategies are deployed showing how language is used as a tool to attack the opposing members of Parliament and to defend own policies. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p2 Section header 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part II. Questioning and answering strategies in legal and police discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.04gni 109 144 36 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Pragmatic functions of question-answer sequences in Italian legal examinations and TV interviews with politicians</TitleText> 1 A01 Augusto Gnisci Gnisci, Augusto Augusto Gnisci 20 coerciveness of questions 20 equivocation of answers 20 examinations 20 interviews 20 legal interaction 20 political interaction 20 sequential analysis 01 The aim of this chapter is to identify the sequential relationship between coerciveness of questions and equivocation of answers when the same 11 politicians were interviewed on TV, and also examined during a criminal trial. Two observers codified each of the 2,757 question-answer sequences of the sample (37 h of video recordings) for coercion and equivocation. The results show that the coerciveness of questions interacts with the context to determine the equivocation of the answer, and so does the equivocation for determining the coercion of the following question. The interactional asymmetry between politicians and questioners displays opposite patterns in the two contexts: in courtrooms, coercion depends strongly on the equivocation of the answer, but the answer depends more on the coercion exerted by the type of the context; on TV, however, equivocation depends strongly on coercion. The subsequent implications are discussed. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.05cas 145 164 20 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“You were resisting the whole time!”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Assumption of guilt in police-civilian question-response interactions</Subtitle> 1 A01 L. Guditus Casey Casey, L. Guditus L. Guditus Casey 20 American English 20 critical discourse analysis (CDA) 20 forensic linguistics 20 framing 20 police 20 police interactions 20 questions 20 race 20 resistance 01 This chapter uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Blommaert and Bulcaen 2000) to examine white police interactions with Black civilians in the United States. The syntactic, pragmatic, and discursive evidence in the interactions indicates the officers approach the interactions through an arrest framework based on assumption of civilian guilt. In contrast, it is arguable from the ways civilians ask questions and react to the officers’ accusations they frame the interactions as information exchanges. Because of this difference in framing, officers interpret actions allowable within an information exchange as “resistance” within an arrest framework, justifiying use of force against the civilians. This bias in the way civilians are treated when officers assume guilt problematizes this institutional interaction as unsafe for Black civilians. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p3 Section header 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part III. Questioning and answering strategies in interview and TV-show discourses</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.06nak 167 192 26 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Constructing interrupting inquiries as cooperative interactions</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Question-response-<i>hai</i> ‘yes’ sequences in Japanese interviews</Subtitle> 1 A01 Momoko Nakamura Nakamura, Momoko Momoko Nakamura Kanto Gakuin University 20 interruption 20 interview 20 Japanese 20 main/side activities 20 question 01 This chapter examines how speakers manage the simultaneous occurrence of questioning and interruption. The data are 22 sequences consisting of an interviewer’s interrupting question, the interviewee’s response, and the interviewer’s <i>hai</i> ‘yes’, from 60-minute interviews with eight women. I analyze what discursive strategies the interview participants employ to construct such sequences as cooperative interactions. The analysis shows that: (1) the interviewee constructs the sequence as a side activity, sustaining the status of her narrative as the main activity; (2) the interviewee turns the side activity into a crucial contribution to the interaction; and (3) the interviewer utilizes <i>hai</i> to explicitly transfer speakership to the interviewee. The findings demonstrate the importance of examining questions within sequences of ongoing interaction. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.07kim 193 226 34 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Formulation questions and responses in Korean TV talk show interactions</TitleText> 1 A01 Kyu-hyun Kim Kim, Kyu-hyun Kyu-hyun Kim Kyung Hee University 2 A01 Kyung-hee Suh Suh, Kyung-hee Kyung-hee Suh Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 20 assessment 20 confirmation 20 conversation analysis 20 disconfirmation 20 formulation 20 Korean talk-show 20 master narrative 20 sequence 20 turn design 01 This chapter examines the sequence-organizational role of the host’s formulation questions and the guest’s responses in entertainment-oriented Korean talk-shows. Constructed as a ‘follow-up’ re-presenting the upshot of the guest’s response on the host’s terms, the host’s formulation questions mediate sequence expansion through which an ‘information-oriented’ sequence is transited to an ‘affectively-loaded’ assessment sequence. This transition, contingent on the guest’s confirmation, is co-constructively accomplished; the host’s enticement of the guest’s confirmation is embodied in the turn-design features of formulation questions rendering an ‘obvious’ gist of the guest’s response, or indexing the host’s agentivity and empathic stance. The host’s move to implicate the guest in his/her ‘master-sequential’ transition may be resisted, with the guest, through disconfirmation, promoting a master narrative of his/her own. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.08gao 227 254 28 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Devices of alignment</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02"><i>Suoyi</i>- and <i>danshi</i>-prefaced questions in Mandarin Chinese TV news interviews</Subtitle> 1 A01 Hua Gao Gao, Hua Hua Gao Shenzhen University 20 Chinese TV news interview 20 connective 20 conversation analysis 20 interaction 20 question design 01 The Mandarin resultative connective <i>suoyi</i> ‘so’ and adversative connective <i>dan(shi)</i> ‘but’ are found to preface interviewer (IR) questions regularly in Chinese TV news interviews. This study draws on a conversational analysis (CA)-oriented micro-analytical approach and examines the form, placement and function of the two connective-prefaced questions. The findings show that IRs employ, on the one hand, a turn-initial <i>suoyi</i> to preface a declarative, alone or followed by a question tag that invokes a prior interviewee (IE) opinion, and, on the other, a turn-initial <i>dan(shi)</i> to preface either a wh-question or a yes/no question and bring forth a point of contrast and transition for questioning. Both questions not only encode IRs’ epistemic stance, but also display their alignment to IEs’ prior talk in different ways. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.p4 Section header 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Part IV. Questioning and answering as strategies of interpersonal interaction at the public-private discourse interface</TitleText> 10 01 JB code pbns.323.09red 257 284 28 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">“Doing being collegial”</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Participants’ positioning work in Q&#38;A sessions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Elizabeth Reddington Reddington, Elizabeth Elizabeth Reddington Columbia University 2 A01 Ignasi Clemente Clemente, Ignasi Ignasi Clemente City University of New York 3 A01 Hansun Zhang Waring Waring, Hansun Zhang Hansun Zhang Waring Columbia University 4 A01 Di Yu Yu, Di Di Yu Columbia University 20 collegiality 20 conversation analysis 20 identity 20 institutional interaction 20 philanthropy communication 20 positioning 20 Q&A sessions 01 This chapter applies conversation analysis to investigate questioning and responding practices in the understudied context of post-presentation question-and-answer (Q&#38;A) sessions. Participants include speakers who represent a U.S. philanthropic foundation and audiences interested in health issues. Examining a corpus of question-answer sequences from four video-recorded Q&#38;A sessions, we find that participants routinely use their multi-unit questioning and responding turns to minimize asymmetry, positioning themselves and their interlocutors as peers with shared concerns. By documenting how presenters and audience members “do collegiality” through questioning and responding practices, the study contributes to research on question-answer sequences in institutional settings, revealing a complex interactional context in which participants work to blur the line between “expert” and “layperson” identities. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.10shi 285 312 28 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Question–answer sequences in Japanese first encounters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Wishing to get to know new persons vs. dispreferred behavior of asking questions</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yuka Shigemitsu Shigemitsu, Yuka Yuka Shigemitsu 20 answer 20 dispreferred behavior 20 first encounters 20 Japanese 20 male 20 personal territory 20 question 20 social etiquette 20 sociocultural background 01 The aim of this investigation is to examine the relationship between information-eliciting questions and their corresponding answers that occur in first encounters between male interlocutors in a Japanese semi-formal academic context. This topic acquires a special significance in the context of Japanese culture, where asking questions is regarded as dispreferred verbal behavior. Five types of constraints on initiating question-based conversations in a Japanese social-cultural context have been identified: (i) questions may compel the recipient to speak; (ii) questions may invade the recipient’s personal territory; (iii) questions may reveal conflict between interlocutors; (iv) questions may interrupt someone’s ongoing talk; and (v) questions may reveal the respondent’s inability to answer. The analysis points to a paradox regarding the discursive behaviour of Japanese males: they show a desire to get acquainted with each other, while at the same time they are reluctant to ask questions which might cause uncomfortable feelings. 10 01 JB code pbns.323.index 313 316 4 Miscellaneous 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20210726 2021 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 725 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 66 20 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 4 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD