89027410 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 324 Eb 15 9789027259592 06 10.1075/pbns.324 13 2021020969 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 324.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 700 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-2021 01 02 2021 collection (118 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe.2021.all 01 01 Beyond Meaning Beyond Meaning 1 B01 01 JB code 16422437 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/16422437 2 B01 01 JB code 469422438 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/469422438 3 B01 01 JB code 952422439 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/952422439 01 eng 11 206 03 03 vi 03 00 200 03 01 23 401/.43 03 2021 P99.4.P72 04 Pragmatics--Congresses. 04 Inference--Congresses. 04 Cognitive grammar--Congresses. 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 01 06 02 00 The vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. 03 00 Despite the fact that they are often crucial to our understanding, the vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. How might we account for the communication of non-propositional phenomena such as moods, emotions and impressions? What type of cognitive response do these phenomena trigger, if not conceptual or propositional? Do creative metaphors and unknown words in second languages and other ‘pointers’ to ‘conceptual regions’ communicate concepts learned from language alone? How might the descriptive ineffability of interjections, free indirect speech etc. be accommodated within a theory of communication? What of those working on the aesthetics of artworks, music and literature? What can evolution tell us about ineffability? The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. They represent a range of different attempts to answer them and, in so doing, allow us to pose exciting new questions. The aim, to bring the ineffable firmly within the grasp of theoretical pragmatics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.324.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209269.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209269.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.324.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.324.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.324.f1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.f1 1 8 8 Introduction 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.p1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p1 9 75 67 Section header 2 01 04 Section 1. Beyond meaning Section 1. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and utterance interpretation Ineffability and utterance interpretation 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c1 11 28 18 Chapter 3 01 04 Beyond meaningNN and ostension Beyond meaningNN and ostension 01 04 Pragmatic inference in the wild Pragmatic inference in the wild 1 A01 01 JB code 411431260 Stavros Assimakopoulos Assimakopoulos, Stavros Stavros Assimakopoulos University of Malta 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/411431260 01 eng 03 00

Inferential pragmatics is typically considered to deal exclusively with meaning that has been overtly and intentionally communicated. This paper sets out to investigate whether this established domain of enquiry can be extended to include instances of information transmission that may not be characterised by an underlying communicative intention on the part of a stimulus producer. Adopting a relevance-theoretic perspective, I argue that this can indeed be done and show how it can be quite naturally accommodated in the framework. The upshot of my argumentation in this regard is that pragmatic inference has a central role to play in interpretation even beyond the confines of what has been traditionally viewed as communication proper.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c2 29 42 14 Chapter 4 01 04 Contrastive stress in English Contrastive stress in English 01 04 Meaning, expectations and ostension Meaning, expectations and ostension 1 A01 01 JB code 498431261 Kate Scott Scott, Kate Kate Scott Kingston University London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/498431261 01 eng 03 00

In this chapter I consider where contrastive stress fits within the relevance-theoretic model of utterance interpretation. In particular, I focus on contrastive stress as a cue to ostension which layers on top of the ostensive act of producing an utterance and which guides inferential processes. Stress patterns, however, only act as a cue to ostension when they are unexpected. It is the disconfirmation of expectations that puts the hearer to more effort and prompts the search for extra interpretive effects. The discussions in this chapter build on existing work on both prosody and pragmatics and the conclusions drawn have implications for our understanding of inferential processes, procedural meaning, and ostensive communication more generally.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c3 43 60 18 Chapter 5 01 04 Presupposition effects Presupposition effects 01 04 Beyond and within speaker's meaning Beyond and within speaker’s meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 580431262 Misha-Laura Müller Müller, Misha-Laura Misha-Laura Müller University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/580431262 01 eng 03 00

This paper focuses on presupposition effects, in the light of Sperber and Wilson (2015). First, we define semantic presuppositions as determinate contents, which can in turn be instances of meaning or/and showing. A discussion is then engaged regarding the determinacy of semantic and discursive presuppositions, leading to the identification of a specific property of presuppositions, namely their contribution to the acceptance of an utterance (as per Sperber et al. 2010). The last section seeks to account for the ambivalent status of presuppositions, as they are both ostensive (i.e. triggered by an ostensive verbal stimulus) and relatively less ostensive. We conclude that a proper identification of presuppositions requires to go ‘within’ the speaker’s meaning, by adding an ‘ostensive’ and ‘less ostensive’ continuum to the showing – meaning diagram.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c4 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c4 61 76 16 Chapter 6 01 04 Metaphor comprehension Metaphor comprehension 01 04 Meaning and beyond Meaning and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 133431263 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/133431263 01 eng 03 00

Preliminary evidence on non-propositional effects as indispensable to the informational content of metaphorical utterances is provided in Ifantidou (2019), Ifantidou and Hatzidaki (2019). The idea put forward was that the aesthetic apprehension of linguistic metaphors extends to enriching underdetermined aspects of propositional content.

In this paper, I further examine the distinguishing aspects of metaphors during interpretation. Following Sperber and Wilson 2015, Wilson and Carston 2019, I argue that an emotional response is triggered to the situation represented by the metaphor (see also Ifantidou 2019). I will suggest that metaphors enhance comprehension by being vehicles for emotions such as affection or dislike, as in texts which present difficulties in language comprehension. Ιn these cases, metaphors evoke non-propositional effects, such as images or emotional responses, by connecting to interpreters’ perceptions, memories, previous experiences, imagining, and beliefs. Evidence that addressees are able to derive meaning more frequently from metaphors than from literal sentences in equally supportive linguistic contexts (in terms of length, complexity, linguistic under-determinacy) attenuates the idea that metaphors enhance understanding as a merely linguistic tool, and reinforces the view that metaphorical processing involves a blend of language information with perceptual experience.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.p2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p2 Section header 7 01 04 Section 2. Beyond meaning Section 2. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and the written word Ineffability and the written word 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c5 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c5 79 98 20 Chapter 8 01 04 Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions 01 04 The case of poetic metaphor The case of poetic metaphor 1 A01 01 JB code 362431264 Anna Piata Piata, Anna Anna Piata University of Neuchâtel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362431264 01 eng 03 00

This chapter is concerned with what has traditionally been considered as ‘beyond meaning’: poetic metaphor. It specifically focuses on poetic metaphors of time, with the aim to address anew the relationship between pragmatic and cognitive linguistic approaches to metaphor (cf. Tendahl and Gibbs 2008; Wilson 2011). Such metaphors are shown to convey primarily an affective meaning, which can be best explained in terms of affective valence. At the level of metaphor comprehension, I argue for a synergy between metaphor theories but with appropriate adjustments in each framework: an extended view of encyclopedic entries for relevance theory, and a context-sensitive process of pragmatic inferencing for conceptual metaphor theory.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c6 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c6 99 118 20 Chapter 9 01 04 An experiential view on what makes literature relevant An experiential view on what makes literature relevant 1 A01 01 JB code 145431265 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/145431265 01 eng 03 00

It’s a common intuition that literature is a special kind of language use, pursuing other aims than the mere transmission of information. This intuition is reflected in the notion that literature is art, whereas ordinary conversation is not, and that reading literature is a particular sort of experience, significant in a particular way. However, the common view in pragmatics is that literary works are not exceptional in terms of how language is used. In this paper, I discuss this issue by exploring Sperber and Wilson’s (2015) notion of ‘impressions’ and develop a tentative account of literature as triggering relevant imaginative experiences. These experiences, I argue, relate to expressivity and to affective, emotional, effects; they match readers’ expectations of relevance by means of their resonance with the individual’s own memories and imaginative experiences.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c7 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c7 119 132 14 Chapter 10 01 04 Humorous means, serious messages Humorous means, serious messages 01 04 A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 517431266 Agnieszka Piskorska Piskorska, Agnieszka Agnieszka Piskorska University of Warsaw 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517431266 01 eng 03 00

Drawing on the observation that speakers may use jokes as stylistic devices to communicate propositional meanings, this paper offers a relevance-theoretic account of pragmatic mechanisms involved in this kind of communication, dubbed ‘meaningful jokes.’ First, I argue that the comprehension of any joke not only relies on the hearer’s background knowledge, but may also lead to the modification of beliefs. Then I explore selected forms of expression which potentially bear affinity to meaningful jokes, such as fiction, metaphors, allegories, and irony. Finally, I postulate that meaningful jokes rely on a unique propositional attitude and emergent implicatures resulting from the incongruity between the joke’s scenario and a real-life situation in which it was intended to be relevant.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.p3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p3 Section header 11 01 04 Section 3. Furthur beyond Section 3. Furthur beyond 01 04 Ineffability by meaning / showing Ineffability by meaning / showing 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c8 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c8 135 150 16 Chapter 12 01 04 Experiences of ineffable significance Experiences of ineffable significance 1 A01 01 JB code 863431267 Nigel Fabb Fabb, Nigel Nigel Fabb University of Strathclyde 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/863431267 01 eng 03 00

An ‘experience of ineffable significance’ is sudden feeling of knowing something very significant but which cannot be described in words, sometimes accompanied by chills or tears. Amongst its types are the sublime and (secular) ‘epiphanies’. Drawing on work by Huron and by Meyer, I propose that it is a type of surprise, arising from perceptions whose match to our schematic knowledge falls outside the normal range of discrepancy, either by radical discrepancy or by uncanny identity. Assuming a theoretical context of Relevance Theory, and drawing on work by Sperber and by Raffman, I explore some reasons how we are able to suddenly judge that the perception produces deeply significant knowledge, and why that knowledge cannot be expressed in words.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c9 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c9 151 160 10 Chapter 13 01 04 Hushed tones Hushed tones 01 04 Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter 1 A01 01 JB code 568431268 Kate McCallum McCallum, Kate Kate McCallum University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/568431268 2 A01 01 JB code 373431269 Scott Mitchell Mitchell, Scott Scott Mitchell University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/373431269 01 eng 03 00

A challenge posed by modern art, especially since the birth of the readymade, is how it is possible to discern art from non-art; institutional theories of art suggest that institutional sanctioning is the primary condition for the identification of an object as art. Here, we propose an explanation for the way that such institutional sanctioning might be reflected in the cognitive work of a viewer, and describe this effect as part of a continuum of behaviours that generate deeper, more varied and ultimately more effort-intensive interpretations of both art and other aspects of the human experience.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c10 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c10 161 176 16 Chapter 14 01 04 Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen 1 A01 01 JB code 50431270 Ryoko Sasamoto Sasamoto, Ryoko Ryoko Sasamoto Dublin City University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/50431270 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between visual and verbal inputs into communication. To this end, I analysed the use of onomatopoeia as telop on Japanese TV in terms of the relevance theoretic notions of the showing-saying continuum and the definite-indefinite continuum. This analysis shows that onomatopoeia telop functions as a bridge between the verbal and non-verbal evidence in multimodal communicative acts, allowing for the interaction between different modes in terms of the distribution of intended imports in the two-dimensional view of meaning. Furthermore, this analysis, albeit in a limited manner, shows how relevance theory’s dynamic view of meaning can be successfully applied to an examination of a highly multimodal communicative act.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c11 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c11 177 198 22 Chapter 15 01 04 Before meaning Before meaning 01 04 Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection 1 A01 01 JB code 112431271 Louis Cornell Cornell, Louis Louis Cornell University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/112431271 2 A01 01 JB code 788431272 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/788431272 01 eng 03 00

This chapter retraces Grice’s thought experiment on ‘creature construction’ (Grice 1975a), which attempts to show how complex psychological processes can be shown to emerge from less complex behaviours. Beginning with simple organisms, Grice’s experiment explores examines how an organism’s psychological processes work to construct representations of the surrounding environment in such a way that those representations can be utilised for survival. The more complex the organism, the more nuanced are the processes that have developed to aid it in this task. Our goal in retracing the experiment is to shed light on those elements of psychological experience and communication which, in keeping with the subject of this volume, might be said to exist beyond meaning. In particular, we refer to the experience and communication of non-propositional phenomena such as emotions, sensations and feelings. This is a topic of which much has recently been made in pragmatics, particularly in relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995, 2015; Wilson and Carston 2019; de Saussure and Wharton 2019; Wharton and Strey 2019), and we claim insights from Gricean creature construction are illuminating.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.index 06 10.1075/pbns.324.index 199 200 2 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.324 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20211110 C 2021 John Benjamins D 2021 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027209269 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027259592 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 76.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 135.00 USD
292027656 02 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 324 GE 15 9789027259592 06 10.1075/pbns.324 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 JB code 0922-842X 02 324.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 Beyond Meaning Beyond Meaning 1 B01 01 JB code 16422437 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2 B01 01 JB code 469422438 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 3 B01 01 JB code 952422439 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton University of Brighton 01 eng 11 204 03 03 vi 03 00 198 03 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 01 06 02 00 The vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. 03 00 Despite the fact that they are often crucial to our understanding, the vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. How might we account for the communication of non-propositional phenomena such as moods, emotions and impressions? What type of cognitive response do these phenomena trigger, if not conceptual or propositional? Do creative metaphors and unknown words in second languages and other ‘pointers’ to ‘conceptual regions’ communicate concepts learned from language alone? How might the descriptive ineffability of interjections, free indirect speech etc. be accommodated within a theory of communication? What of those working on the aesthetics of artworks, music and literature? What can evolution tell us about ineffability? The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. They represent a range of different attempts to answer them and, in so doing, allow us to pose exciting new questions. The aim, to bring the ineffable firmly within the grasp of theoretical pragmatics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.324.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209269.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209269.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.324.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.324.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.324.p1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p1 Section header 1 01 04 Section 1. Beyond meaning Section 1. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and utterance interpretation Ineffability and utterance interpretation 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c1 Chapter 2 01 04 Beyond meaningNN and ostension Beyond meaningNN and ostension 01 04 Pragmatic inference in the wild1 Pragmatic inference in the wild1 1 A01 01 JB code 411431260 Stavros Assimakopoulos Assimakopoulos, Stavros Stavros Assimakopoulos University of Malta 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c2 Chapter 3 01 04 Contrastive stress in English Contrastive stress in English 01 04 Meaning, expectations and ostension Meaning, expectations and ostension 1 A01 01 JB code 498431261 Kate Scott Scott, Kate Kate Scott Kingston University London 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c3 Chapter 4 01 04 Presupposition effects Presupposition effects 01 04 Beyond and within speaker's meaning Beyond and within speaker’s meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 580431262 Misha-Laura Müller Müller, Misha-Laura Misha-Laura Müller University of Neuchatel 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c4 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c4 Chapter 5 01 04 Metaphor comprehension Metaphor comprehension 01 04 Meaning and beyond Meaning and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 133431263 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 01 01 JB code pbns.324.p2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p2 Section header 6 01 04 Section 2. Beyond meaning Section 2. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and the written word Ineffability and the written word 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c5 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c5 Chapter 7 01 04 Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions 01 04 The case of poetic metaphor The case of poetic metaphor 1 A01 01 JB code 362431264 Anna Piata Piata, Anna Anna Piata University of Neuchâtel 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c6 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c6 Chapter 8 01 04 An experiential view on what makes literature relevant An experiential view on what makes literature relevant 1 A01 01 JB code 145431265 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c7 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c7 Chapter 9 01 04 Humorous means, serious messages Humorous means, serious messages 01 04 A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 517431266 Agnieszka Piskorska Piskorska, Agnieszka Agnieszka Piskorska University of Warsaw 01 01 JB code pbns.324.p3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p3 Section header 10 01 04 Section 3. Furthur beyond Section 3. Furthur beyond 01 04 Ineffability by meaning / showing Ineffability by meaning / showing 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c8 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c8 Chapter 11 01 04 Experiences of ineffable significance Experiences of ineffable significance 1 A01 01 JB code 863431267 Nigel Fabb Fabb, Nigel Nigel Fabb University of Strathclyde 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c9 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c9 Chapter 12 01 04 Hushed tones Hushed tones 01 04 Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter 1 A01 01 JB code 568431268 Kate McCallum McCallum, Kate Kate McCallum University of Brighton 2 A01 01 JB code 373431269 Scott Mitchell Mitchell, Scott Scott Mitchell University of Brighton 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c10 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c10 Chapter 13 01 04 Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen 1 A01 01 JB code 50431270 Ryoko Sasamoto Sasamoto, Ryoko Ryoko Sasamoto Dublin City University 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c11 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c11 Chapter 14 01 04 Before meaning Before meaning 01 04 Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection 1 A01 01 JB code 112431271 Louis Cornell Cornell, Louis Louis Cornell University of Brighton 2 A01 01 JB code 788431272 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton 01 01 JB code pbns.324.book-part 06 10.1075/pbns.324.book-part Miscellaneous 15 01 04 Author queries Author queries 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 02 October 2021 01 00 20211015 C 2021 John Benjamins D 2021 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027209269 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 10 08 00 20211015 01 00 Unqualified price 00 90.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 76.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 135.00 USD 676027409 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 324 Hb 15 9789027209269 06 10.1075/pbns.324 13 2021020968 00 BB 08 520 gr 10 01 JB code P&bns 02 0922-842X 02 324.00 01 02 Pragmatics & Beyond New Series Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 01 01 Beyond Meaning Beyond Meaning 1 B01 01 JB code 16422437 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/16422437 2 B01 01 JB code 469422438 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/469422438 3 B01 01 JB code 952422439 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/952422439 01 eng 11 206 03 03 vi 03 00 200 03 01 23 401/.43 03 2021 P99.4.P72 04 Pragmatics--Congresses. 04 Inference--Congresses. 04 Cognitive grammar--Congresses. 10 LAN009030 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB code LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB code LIN.SEMAN Semantics 01 06 02 00 The vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. 03 00 Despite the fact that they are often crucial to our understanding, the vague, ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete, effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. How might we account for the communication of non-propositional phenomena such as moods, emotions and impressions? What type of cognitive response do these phenomena trigger, if not conceptual or propositional? Do creative metaphors and unknown words in second languages and other ‘pointers’ to ‘conceptual regions’ communicate concepts learned from language alone? How might the descriptive ineffability of interjections, free indirect speech etc. be accommodated within a theory of communication? What of those working on the aesthetics of artworks, music and literature? What can evolution tell us about ineffability? The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. They represent a range of different attempts to answer them and, in so doing, allow us to pose exciting new questions. The aim, to bring the ineffable firmly within the grasp of theoretical pragmatics. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.324.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027209269.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027209269.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.324.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.324.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.324.hb.png 01 01 JB code pbns.324.f1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.f1 1 8 8 Introduction 1 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.p1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p1 9 75 67 Section header 2 01 04 Section 1. Beyond meaning Section 1. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and utterance interpretation Ineffability and utterance interpretation 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c1 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c1 11 28 18 Chapter 3 01 04 Beyond meaningNN and ostension Beyond meaningNN and ostension 01 04 Pragmatic inference in the wild Pragmatic inference in the wild 1 A01 01 JB code 411431260 Stavros Assimakopoulos Assimakopoulos, Stavros Stavros Assimakopoulos University of Malta 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/411431260 01 eng 03 00

Inferential pragmatics is typically considered to deal exclusively with meaning that has been overtly and intentionally communicated. This paper sets out to investigate whether this established domain of enquiry can be extended to include instances of information transmission that may not be characterised by an underlying communicative intention on the part of a stimulus producer. Adopting a relevance-theoretic perspective, I argue that this can indeed be done and show how it can be quite naturally accommodated in the framework. The upshot of my argumentation in this regard is that pragmatic inference has a central role to play in interpretation even beyond the confines of what has been traditionally viewed as communication proper.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c2 29 42 14 Chapter 4 01 04 Contrastive stress in English Contrastive stress in English 01 04 Meaning, expectations and ostension Meaning, expectations and ostension 1 A01 01 JB code 498431261 Kate Scott Scott, Kate Kate Scott Kingston University London 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/498431261 01 eng 03 00

In this chapter I consider where contrastive stress fits within the relevance-theoretic model of utterance interpretation. In particular, I focus on contrastive stress as a cue to ostension which layers on top of the ostensive act of producing an utterance and which guides inferential processes. Stress patterns, however, only act as a cue to ostension when they are unexpected. It is the disconfirmation of expectations that puts the hearer to more effort and prompts the search for extra interpretive effects. The discussions in this chapter build on existing work on both prosody and pragmatics and the conclusions drawn have implications for our understanding of inferential processes, procedural meaning, and ostensive communication more generally.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c3 43 60 18 Chapter 5 01 04 Presupposition effects Presupposition effects 01 04 Beyond and within speaker's meaning Beyond and within speaker’s meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 580431262 Misha-Laura Müller Müller, Misha-Laura Misha-Laura Müller University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/580431262 01 eng 03 00

This paper focuses on presupposition effects, in the light of Sperber and Wilson (2015). First, we define semantic presuppositions as determinate contents, which can in turn be instances of meaning or/and showing. A discussion is then engaged regarding the determinacy of semantic and discursive presuppositions, leading to the identification of a specific property of presuppositions, namely their contribution to the acceptance of an utterance (as per Sperber et al. 2010). The last section seeks to account for the ambivalent status of presuppositions, as they are both ostensive (i.e. triggered by an ostensive verbal stimulus) and relatively less ostensive. We conclude that a proper identification of presuppositions requires to go ‘within’ the speaker’s meaning, by adding an ‘ostensive’ and ‘less ostensive’ continuum to the showing – meaning diagram.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c4 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c4 61 76 16 Chapter 6 01 04 Metaphor comprehension Metaphor comprehension 01 04 Meaning and beyond Meaning and beyond 1 A01 01 JB code 133431263 Elly Ifantidou Ifantidou, Elly Elly Ifantidou National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/133431263 01 eng 03 00

Preliminary evidence on non-propositional effects as indispensable to the informational content of metaphorical utterances is provided in Ifantidou (2019), Ifantidou and Hatzidaki (2019). The idea put forward was that the aesthetic apprehension of linguistic metaphors extends to enriching underdetermined aspects of propositional content.

In this paper, I further examine the distinguishing aspects of metaphors during interpretation. Following Sperber and Wilson 2015, Wilson and Carston 2019, I argue that an emotional response is triggered to the situation represented by the metaphor (see also Ifantidou 2019). I will suggest that metaphors enhance comprehension by being vehicles for emotions such as affection or dislike, as in texts which present difficulties in language comprehension. Ιn these cases, metaphors evoke non-propositional effects, such as images or emotional responses, by connecting to interpreters’ perceptions, memories, previous experiences, imagining, and beliefs. Evidence that addressees are able to derive meaning more frequently from metaphors than from literal sentences in equally supportive linguistic contexts (in terms of length, complexity, linguistic under-determinacy) attenuates the idea that metaphors enhance understanding as a merely linguistic tool, and reinforces the view that metaphorical processing involves a blend of language information with perceptual experience.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.p2 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p2 Section header 7 01 04 Section 2. Beyond meaning Section 2. Beyond meaning 01 04 Ineffability and the written word Ineffability and the written word 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c5 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c5 79 98 20 Chapter 8 01 04 Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions Conceptual mappings and contextual assumptions 01 04 The case of poetic metaphor The case of poetic metaphor 1 A01 01 JB code 362431264 Anna Piata Piata, Anna Anna Piata University of Neuchâtel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/362431264 01 eng 03 00

This chapter is concerned with what has traditionally been considered as ‘beyond meaning’: poetic metaphor. It specifically focuses on poetic metaphors of time, with the aim to address anew the relationship between pragmatic and cognitive linguistic approaches to metaphor (cf. Tendahl and Gibbs 2008; Wilson 2011). Such metaphors are shown to convey primarily an affective meaning, which can be best explained in terms of affective valence. At the level of metaphor comprehension, I argue for a synergy between metaphor theories but with appropriate adjustments in each framework: an extended view of encyclopedic entries for relevance theory, and a context-sensitive process of pragmatic inferencing for conceptual metaphor theory.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c6 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c6 99 118 20 Chapter 9 01 04 An experiential view on what makes literature relevant An experiential view on what makes literature relevant 1 A01 01 JB code 145431265 Louis Saussure Saussure, Louis Louis Saussure University of Neuchatel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/145431265 01 eng 03 00

It’s a common intuition that literature is a special kind of language use, pursuing other aims than the mere transmission of information. This intuition is reflected in the notion that literature is art, whereas ordinary conversation is not, and that reading literature is a particular sort of experience, significant in a particular way. However, the common view in pragmatics is that literary works are not exceptional in terms of how language is used. In this paper, I discuss this issue by exploring Sperber and Wilson’s (2015) notion of ‘impressions’ and develop a tentative account of literature as triggering relevant imaginative experiences. These experiences, I argue, relate to expressivity and to affective, emotional, effects; they match readers’ expectations of relevance by means of their resonance with the individual’s own memories and imaginative experiences.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c7 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c7 119 132 14 Chapter 10 01 04 Humorous means, serious messages Humorous means, serious messages 01 04 A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning A relevance-theoretic perspective on telling jokes to communicate propositional meaning 1 A01 01 JB code 517431266 Agnieszka Piskorska Piskorska, Agnieszka Agnieszka Piskorska University of Warsaw 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/517431266 01 eng 03 00

Drawing on the observation that speakers may use jokes as stylistic devices to communicate propositional meanings, this paper offers a relevance-theoretic account of pragmatic mechanisms involved in this kind of communication, dubbed ‘meaningful jokes.’ First, I argue that the comprehension of any joke not only relies on the hearer’s background knowledge, but may also lead to the modification of beliefs. Then I explore selected forms of expression which potentially bear affinity to meaningful jokes, such as fiction, metaphors, allegories, and irony. Finally, I postulate that meaningful jokes rely on a unique propositional attitude and emergent implicatures resulting from the incongruity between the joke’s scenario and a real-life situation in which it was intended to be relevant.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.p3 06 10.1075/pbns.324.p3 Section header 11 01 04 Section 3. Furthur beyond Section 3. Furthur beyond 01 04 Ineffability by meaning / showing Ineffability by meaning / showing 01 eng 01 01 JB code pbns.324.c8 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c8 135 150 16 Chapter 12 01 04 Experiences of ineffable significance Experiences of ineffable significance 1 A01 01 JB code 863431267 Nigel Fabb Fabb, Nigel Nigel Fabb University of Strathclyde 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/863431267 01 eng 03 00

An ‘experience of ineffable significance’ is sudden feeling of knowing something very significant but which cannot be described in words, sometimes accompanied by chills or tears. Amongst its types are the sublime and (secular) ‘epiphanies’. Drawing on work by Huron and by Meyer, I propose that it is a type of surprise, arising from perceptions whose match to our schematic knowledge falls outside the normal range of discrepancy, either by radical discrepancy or by uncanny identity. Assuming a theoretical context of Relevance Theory, and drawing on work by Sperber and by Raffman, I explore some reasons how we are able to suddenly judge that the perception produces deeply significant knowledge, and why that knowledge cannot be expressed in words.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c9 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c9 151 160 10 Chapter 13 01 04 Hushed tones Hushed tones 01 04 Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter Ceremonial treatment as a perspective shifter 1 A01 01 JB code 568431268 Kate McCallum McCallum, Kate Kate McCallum University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/568431268 2 A01 01 JB code 373431269 Scott Mitchell Mitchell, Scott Scott Mitchell University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/373431269 01 eng 03 00

A challenge posed by modern art, especially since the birth of the readymade, is how it is possible to discern art from non-art; institutional theories of art suggest that institutional sanctioning is the primary condition for the identification of an object as art. Here, we propose an explanation for the way that such institutional sanctioning might be reflected in the cognitive work of a viewer, and describe this effect as part of a continuum of behaviours that generate deeper, more varied and ultimately more effort-intensive interpretations of both art and other aspects of the human experience.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c10 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c10 161 176 16 Chapter 14 01 04 Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen Onomatopoeia, impressions and text on screen 1 A01 01 JB code 50431270 Ryoko Sasamoto Sasamoto, Ryoko Ryoko Sasamoto Dublin City University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/50431270 01 eng 03 00

The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between visual and verbal inputs into communication. To this end, I analysed the use of onomatopoeia as telop on Japanese TV in terms of the relevance theoretic notions of the showing-saying continuum and the definite-indefinite continuum. This analysis shows that onomatopoeia telop functions as a bridge between the verbal and non-verbal evidence in multimodal communicative acts, allowing for the interaction between different modes in terms of the distribution of intended imports in the two-dimensional view of meaning. Furthermore, this analysis, albeit in a limited manner, shows how relevance theory’s dynamic view of meaning can be successfully applied to an examination of a highly multimodal communicative act.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.c11 06 10.1075/pbns.324.c11 177 198 22 Chapter 15 01 04 Before meaning Before meaning 01 04 Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection 1 A01 01 JB code 112431271 Louis Cornell Cornell, Louis Louis Cornell University of Brighton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/112431271 2 A01 01 JB code 788431272 Tim Wharton Wharton, Tim Tim Wharton 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/788431272 01 eng 03 00

This chapter retraces Grice’s thought experiment on ‘creature construction’ (Grice 1975a), which attempts to show how complex psychological processes can be shown to emerge from less complex behaviours. Beginning with simple organisms, Grice’s experiment explores examines how an organism’s psychological processes work to construct representations of the surrounding environment in such a way that those representations can be utilised for survival. The more complex the organism, the more nuanced are the processes that have developed to aid it in this task. Our goal in retracing the experiment is to shed light on those elements of psychological experience and communication which, in keeping with the subject of this volume, might be said to exist beyond meaning. In particular, we refer to the experience and communication of non-propositional phenomena such as emotions, sensations and feelings. This is a topic of which much has recently been made in pragmatics, particularly in relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995, 2015; Wilson and Carston 2019; de Saussure and Wharton 2019; Wharton and Strey 2019), and we claim insights from Gricean creature construction are illuminating.

01 01 JB code pbns.324.index 06 10.1075/pbns.324.index 199 200 2 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Index Index 01 eng
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