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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Studies in Corpus Linguistics
51
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Quantitative Methods in Corpus-Based Translation Studies
A practical guide to descriptive translation research
01
scl.51
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.51
1
B01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland
2
B01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo
01
eng
371
x
361
LAN023000
v.2006
CFP
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CORP
Corpus linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
This is a comprehensive guidebook to the quantitative methods needed for Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CBTS). It provides a systematic description of the various statistical tests used in Corpus Linguistics which can be used in translation research. In Part 1, Theoretical Explorations, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative methodologies is explored. Part 2, Essential Corpus Studies, describes how to undertake quantitative studies, with a suitable level of technical and relevant case studies. Part 3, Quantitative Explorations of Literary Translations, looks at translations of classic works by Cao Xueqin, James Joyce and other authors. Finally, Part 4 on Translation Lexis uses a variety of techniques new to translation studies, including multivariate analysis and game theory. This book is aimed at students and researchers of corpus linguistics, translation studies and quantitative linguistics. It will significantly advance current translation studies in terms of methodological innovation and will fill in an important gap in the development of quantitative methods for interdisciplinary translation studies.
05
With a basic knowledge of statistical techniques and a willingness to extend one's horizon, this volume certainly is an excellent companion for researchers who aim at broadening or fortifying their knowledge of the field of corpus-based translation studies and at drawing inspiration for their won future research.
Oliver Culo, University of Mainz, in Languages in Contrast Vol. 14:2 (2014), pag. 312-315
05
This volume is a thematically coherent collection of articles and an important contribution to corpus-based translation studies. All together, it makes a convincing argument for the need to assess the statistical significance of theoretical claims based on quantitative corpus data.
Federico Zanettin, University of Perugia, Target 27(1): 138-144, 2015
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Part I. Theoretical exploration
10
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34
Article
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Explicit and tacit
An interplay of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to translation
1
A01
Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara
Barbara
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
University of Lodz
01
The aim of the present chapter is to evaluate the extent to which quantitative and qualitative methodologies used in translation studies interplay and what new insights are obtained as a consequence of investigating explicit corpus-based data with a more tacit semantic enquiry. The approach used is Cognitive Corpus-based Linguistic methodology as applied to contrastive and to corpus-based translation studies. What is presented and interpreted is a comparison between the frequency of use of lexical units, phrases (collocations) and sentence segments in the English-to-Polish or Polish-to-English original and translated texts, juxtaposed to those identified in respective mono-lingual corpora. The paper provides evidence that, combined with a comparison of keyness and collocation patterns as well as lexical equivalence patterns and metaphor inquiry (exemplified with a number of emotion words in translation), all these parameters give us a clue to language-specific imagery construal and reconceptualization processes in translation.
10
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18
Article
5
01
Regression analysis in translation studies
1
A01
Stefan Th. Gries
Gries, Stefan Th.
Stefan Th.
Gries
University of California, Santa Barbara
2
A01
Stefanie Wulff
Wulff, Stefanie
Stefanie
Wulff
University of North Texas, Denton
01
This paper provides an overview of how to compute simple binary logistic regressions and linear regressions with the open source programming language R on the basis of data from the INTERSECT corpus of English texts and their French and German translations. First, we show how one of the key statistics of logistic regressions is conceptually similar to the chi-square test of frequency tables. Second, we exemplify different applications of logistic regressions – with a binary predictor, with an interval/ratio-scaled predictor, and with a combination of both. Finally, we briefly exemplify a linear regression. In all cases, we discuss significance tests and provide examples for effective visualizations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.03ji
53
72
20
Article
6
01
Hypothesis testing in corpus-based literary translation studies
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The main purpose of this chapter is to develop useful analytical frameworks for translation studies. The new analytical frameworks proposed will integrate quantitative and qualitative analysis of textual and contextual events and phenomena of translation. Three sets of relationship are highlighted to illustrate the usefulness of these new analytical schemes which are (1) the dependence relation between the source and the target text at various linguistic levels such as lexical, syntactic, grammatical and phraseological; (2) the dependence relation between translation and the target societal and cultural background; and (3) the dependence relation between the language of individual translations and the linguistic evolution of the target language at a general level. To illustrate the use of the new model of quantitative and qualitative analysis, this chapter offers a case study which compares the stylistic profile of Cervantes’s <i>Don Quijote de La Mancha</i> (1605) and its two modern Chinese versions by Yang Jiang in 1978 and by Liu Jingsheng in 1995.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec2
Section header
7
01
Part II. Essential corpus statistics
10
01
JB code
scl.51.04har
75
114
40
Article
8
01
Compiling a Norwegian-Spanish parallel corpus
Methods and challenges
1
A01
Lidun Hareide
Hareide, Lidun
Lidun
Hareide
University of Bergen
2
A01
Knut Hofland
Hofland, Knut
Knut
Hofland
Uni Computing
01
The current paper describes the compilation process of The Norwegian Spanish Parallel Corpus (NSPC) created at the University of Bergen (Norway), as well as preliminary findings from ongoing and planned research based on the NSPC. The corpus is primarily constructed for research in Translation Studies, and is built to be roughly comparable to the Spanish-English P-ACTRES corpus. As of June 2011 the corpus consists of 31 of the 41 text pairs in the population, however, an expansion is planned for the inclusion of the entire population by early 2012.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.05oak
115
148
34
Article
9
01
Describing a translational corpus
1
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, England
01
There are a number of different ways to describe a single corpus. We consider how the frequencies of linguistic features may be quantified, such as in terms of their “average” occurrence, dispersion among text segments, and whether they follow the familiar “bell curve” characteristic of a normal distribution. We describe how to determine the required corpus size so that these things can be measured with the required degree of confidence. We consider “aboutness”: the extent to which individual linguistic features characterise the corpus as a whole. We describe the vocabulary richness, the extent to which the author of a text constantly brings in new vocabulary, and collocations: groups of words which are found together more often than one would expect by chance.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.06ke
149
174
26
Article
10
01
Clustering a translational corpus
1
A01
Shih-Wen Ke
Ke, Shih-Wen
Shih-Wen
Ke
University of Southampton
01
This chapter describes the various clustering techniques and document processing methods one can use to discover information about similarities found in translational corpora. Two types of clustering techniques, namely hierarchical clustering and partitioning clustering, and their variations are discussed and applied to a sample of the TK-NHH Translatørkorpus corpus consisting of 71 translated documents on 4 different topics. The results show that these clustering techniques are capable of differentiating translations accepted by experts from those rejected, suggesting that these accepted translations share a high degree of similarity and perhaps resemble an ideal translation of the original text.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec3
Section header
11
01
Part III. Quantitative exploration of literary translation
10
01
JB code
scl.51.07ji
177
208
32
Article
12
01
A Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
A
Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
2
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, UK
01
This paper investigates the stylistic profiles of the early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s masterwork <i>Hongloumeng</i> (<i>The Story of the Stone</i> or <i>Dream of the Red Chamber</i> 1791), by Bowra (1868–70), Joly (1892–3), and Giles (1885). Through a detailed comparison of early English translations of the Chinese novel, this paper demonstrates how a set of bivariate statistics, commonly used for the comparison of corpora, can be applied in translation studies. Our corpus study uncovered a number of textual phenomena that have been rarely discussed before. We found that while the use of functional expressions such as conjunctions and genitives is significantly higher in Bowra’s earlier translation than in Joly’s later version, the use of determiners is more frequent in Joly’s translation when compared to his predecessor’s work. A closer look at such contrastive textual patterns led to the identification of an important feature of Joly’s later translation, i.e. an enhanced use of English idiomatic expressions and phrases in his attempt at developing an idiosyncratic style of his own.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.08pat
209
230
22
Article
13
01
Determining translation invariant characteristics of James Joyce’s <i>Dubliners</i>
1
A01
Jon M. Patton
M. Patton, Jon
Jon
M. Patton
Miami University
2
A01
Fazli Can
Can, Fazli
Fazli
Can
Bilkent University
01
We provide a comparative stylometric analysis of the <i>Dubliners</i> stories of James Joyce by using its original and Murat Belge’s Turkish translation. We divide the stories into four categories as suggested by Belge and investigate the success of automatic classification by using discriminant analysis with various style markers. We show that different style markers show different categorization success rates and most of the style markers provide better classification rates in English. We also investigate the sentence, token and type length in both languages. We show that sentence lengths are linearly mapped from English to Turkish, type and token length distribution follow the Poisson distribution in both languages, and the related relative frequency curves provide us with an invariant between the original text and the translation.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.09ryb
231
248
18
Article
14
01
The great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
The
great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
Stylometry in translation
1
A01
Jan Rybicki
Rybicki, Jan
Jan
Rybicki
Institute of English Studies, Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Poland
01
Machine-learning stylometric distance methods based on most-frequent-word frequencies are well-accepted and successful in authorship attribution. This study investigates the results of one of these methods, Burrows’s Delta, when applied to translations. Basing the empirical results on a number of corpora of literary translations, it shows that, except for some few highly adaptative translations, Delta usually fails to identify the translator and identifies the author of the original instead.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec4
Section header
15
01
Part IV. Quantitative exploration of translation lexis
10
01
JB code
scl.51.10ji
251
274
24
Article
16
01
Translation and scientific terminology
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The establishment of a working scientific language was instrumental in the construction of China’s early modern scientific identity, as a result of its increasing engagement with Western scientific concepts and idea sets. The current study aims to offer a corpus-based investigation of representative early Chinese scientific translations from a range of Western languages including English, French and Dutch. This corpus-based study examines the complex historical process of the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic scientific exchange between China, Japan and the West in the late nineteenth century. Through the quantitative corpus analysis, this study identified important patterns in the development of key linguistic features of an emerging scientific language system in modern Chinese, for example, token length and functional particles. The insights gained through the use of exploratory statistical techniques point to useful directions for future research in corpus-based translation studies.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.11sot
275
300
26
Article
17
01
The games translators play
The
games translators play
Lexical choice in vedic translation
1
A01
Alexandre Sotov
Sotov, Alexandre
Alexandre
Sotov
Independent Researcher, St. Petersburg, Russia
01
This chapter applies tools of corpus linguistics and game theory to an aligned parallel corpus of ancient Indian cultic poetry, the Ṛgveda, and its translations in German and Russian (ca. 690,000 tokens in total). The research analyses the relationship between translators’ choice preferences in rendering ambiguous Vedic terms, using such techniques as transcription and explicitation, and the source text content. The latter is represented as two translation constraints, one dealing with content uniqueness (measured by the number of hapaxes) and another with context (text location). Translators apply lexical adjustment if the amount of information available to them is low and there is a perceived necessity to explain the meaning of a key word. When the degree of ambiguity of the source text cannot be estimated, often the case with uniquely attested lexis, individual translation choices aggregate to a coherent strategy, which results in complementarity between the translations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.12jen
301
324
24
Article
18
01
Multivariate analyses of affix productivity in translated English
1
A01
Gard B. Jenset
Jenset, Gard B.
Gard B.
Jenset
Bergen University College
2
A01
Barbara McGillivray
McGillivray, Barbara
Barbara
McGillivray
Oxford University Press
01
The productivity and use of derivational affixes in translated English is studied by means of three multivariate techniques: factor analysis, principal component analysis, and correspondence analysis. We argue that principal component analysis and correspondence analysis are the techniques best suited for corpus linguistics by demonstrating how they can offer insights about the interaction between translation-specific features, stylistic factors and affix use in translated English.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.13sut
325
346
22
Article
19
01
Lexical lectometry in corpus-based translation studies
Combining profile-based correspondence analysis and logistic regression modeling
1
A01
Gert de Sutter
de Sutter, Gert
Gert
de Sutter
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
2
A01
Isabelle Delaere
Delaere, Isabelle
Isabelle
Delaere
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
3
A01
Koen Plevoets
Plevoets, Koen
Koen
Plevoets
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
01
The present study addresses the long-standing issue in corpus-based translation studies that translated texts differ from non-translated texts in the same language, irrespective of text type or source language. We investigate whether this claim is empirically verifiable for a variety of lexical variables in different Dutch varieties or <i>lects</i> (different text types and translated versus non-translated language). By means of profile-based correspondence analysis, linguistic distances are measured and visualized between the lects. Finally, logistic regression modeling enables us to determine the exact impact of the lects on the lexical choices. The results indeed reveal significant differences between translated and non-translated texts, but – contrary to what is generally assumed – these differences are not independent of source language and text type. Keywords: corpus-based translation studies; conservatism, lexical onomasiological variation; correspondence analysis; logistic regression
10
01
JB code
scl.51.14app
347
356
10
Article
20
01
Appendices
10
01
JB code
scl.51.15ind
357
362
6
Article
21
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20120320
2012
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
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9789027203564
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
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848008477
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01
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SCL 51 Hb
15
9789027203564
13
2011053056
BB
01
SCL
02
1388-0373
Studies in Corpus Linguistics
51
01
Quantitative Methods in Corpus-Based Translation Studies
A practical guide to descriptive translation research
01
scl.51
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.51
1
B01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland
2
B01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo
01
eng
371
x
361
LAN023000
v.2006
CFP
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CORP
Corpus linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
This is a comprehensive guidebook to the quantitative methods needed for Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CBTS). It provides a systematic description of the various statistical tests used in Corpus Linguistics which can be used in translation research. In Part 1, Theoretical Explorations, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative methodologies is explored. Part 2, Essential Corpus Studies, describes how to undertake quantitative studies, with a suitable level of technical and relevant case studies. Part 3, Quantitative Explorations of Literary Translations, looks at translations of classic works by Cao Xueqin, James Joyce and other authors. Finally, Part 4 on Translation Lexis uses a variety of techniques new to translation studies, including multivariate analysis and game theory. This book is aimed at students and researchers of corpus linguistics, translation studies and quantitative linguistics. It will significantly advance current translation studies in terms of methodological innovation and will fill in an important gap in the development of quantitative methods for interdisciplinary translation studies.
05
With a basic knowledge of statistical techniques and a willingness to extend one's horizon, this volume certainly is an excellent companion for researchers who aim at broadening or fortifying their knowledge of the field of corpus-based translation studies and at drawing inspiration for their won future research.
Oliver Culo, University of Mainz, in Languages in Contrast Vol. 14:2 (2014), pag. 312-315
05
This volume is a thematically coherent collection of articles and an important contribution to corpus-based translation studies. All together, it makes a convincing argument for the need to assess the statistical significance of theoretical claims based on quantitative corpus data.
Federico Zanettin, University of Perugia, Target 27(1): 138-144, 2015
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.51.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203564.jpg
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vii
viii
2
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1
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Preface
10
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JB code
scl.51.002loc
ix
x
2
Article
2
01
List of contributors
10
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JB code
scl.51.00sec1
Section header
3
01
Part I. Theoretical exploration
10
01
JB code
scl.51.01lew
1
34
34
Article
4
01
Explicit and tacit
An interplay of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to translation
1
A01
Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara
Barbara
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
University of Lodz
01
The aim of the present chapter is to evaluate the extent to which quantitative and qualitative methodologies used in translation studies interplay and what new insights are obtained as a consequence of investigating explicit corpus-based data with a more tacit semantic enquiry. The approach used is Cognitive Corpus-based Linguistic methodology as applied to contrastive and to corpus-based translation studies. What is presented and interpreted is a comparison between the frequency of use of lexical units, phrases (collocations) and sentence segments in the English-to-Polish or Polish-to-English original and translated texts, juxtaposed to those identified in respective mono-lingual corpora. The paper provides evidence that, combined with a comparison of keyness and collocation patterns as well as lexical equivalence patterns and metaphor inquiry (exemplified with a number of emotion words in translation), all these parameters give us a clue to language-specific imagery construal and reconceptualization processes in translation.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.02gri
35
52
18
Article
5
01
Regression analysis in translation studies
1
A01
Stefan Th. Gries
Gries, Stefan Th.
Stefan Th.
Gries
University of California, Santa Barbara
2
A01
Stefanie Wulff
Wulff, Stefanie
Stefanie
Wulff
University of North Texas, Denton
01
This paper provides an overview of how to compute simple binary logistic regressions and linear regressions with the open source programming language R on the basis of data from the INTERSECT corpus of English texts and their French and German translations. First, we show how one of the key statistics of logistic regressions is conceptually similar to the chi-square test of frequency tables. Second, we exemplify different applications of logistic regressions – with a binary predictor, with an interval/ratio-scaled predictor, and with a combination of both. Finally, we briefly exemplify a linear regression. In all cases, we discuss significance tests and provide examples for effective visualizations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.03ji
53
72
20
Article
6
01
Hypothesis testing in corpus-based literary translation studies
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The main purpose of this chapter is to develop useful analytical frameworks for translation studies. The new analytical frameworks proposed will integrate quantitative and qualitative analysis of textual and contextual events and phenomena of translation. Three sets of relationship are highlighted to illustrate the usefulness of these new analytical schemes which are (1) the dependence relation between the source and the target text at various linguistic levels such as lexical, syntactic, grammatical and phraseological; (2) the dependence relation between translation and the target societal and cultural background; and (3) the dependence relation between the language of individual translations and the linguistic evolution of the target language at a general level. To illustrate the use of the new model of quantitative and qualitative analysis, this chapter offers a case study which compares the stylistic profile of Cervantes’s <i>Don Quijote de La Mancha</i> (1605) and its two modern Chinese versions by Yang Jiang in 1978 and by Liu Jingsheng in 1995.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec2
Section header
7
01
Part II. Essential corpus statistics
10
01
JB code
scl.51.04har
75
114
40
Article
8
01
Compiling a Norwegian-Spanish parallel corpus
Methods and challenges
1
A01
Lidun Hareide
Hareide, Lidun
Lidun
Hareide
University of Bergen
2
A01
Knut Hofland
Hofland, Knut
Knut
Hofland
Uni Computing
01
The current paper describes the compilation process of The Norwegian Spanish Parallel Corpus (NSPC) created at the University of Bergen (Norway), as well as preliminary findings from ongoing and planned research based on the NSPC. The corpus is primarily constructed for research in Translation Studies, and is built to be roughly comparable to the Spanish-English P-ACTRES corpus. As of June 2011 the corpus consists of 31 of the 41 text pairs in the population, however, an expansion is planned for the inclusion of the entire population by early 2012.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.05oak
115
148
34
Article
9
01
Describing a translational corpus
1
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, England
01
There are a number of different ways to describe a single corpus. We consider how the frequencies of linguistic features may be quantified, such as in terms of their “average” occurrence, dispersion among text segments, and whether they follow the familiar “bell curve” characteristic of a normal distribution. We describe how to determine the required corpus size so that these things can be measured with the required degree of confidence. We consider “aboutness”: the extent to which individual linguistic features characterise the corpus as a whole. We describe the vocabulary richness, the extent to which the author of a text constantly brings in new vocabulary, and collocations: groups of words which are found together more often than one would expect by chance.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.06ke
149
174
26
Article
10
01
Clustering a translational corpus
1
A01
Shih-Wen Ke
Ke, Shih-Wen
Shih-Wen
Ke
University of Southampton
01
This chapter describes the various clustering techniques and document processing methods one can use to discover information about similarities found in translational corpora. Two types of clustering techniques, namely hierarchical clustering and partitioning clustering, and their variations are discussed and applied to a sample of the TK-NHH Translatørkorpus corpus consisting of 71 translated documents on 4 different topics. The results show that these clustering techniques are capable of differentiating translations accepted by experts from those rejected, suggesting that these accepted translations share a high degree of similarity and perhaps resemble an ideal translation of the original text.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec3
Section header
11
01
Part III. Quantitative exploration of literary translation
10
01
JB code
scl.51.07ji
177
208
32
Article
12
01
A Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
A
Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
2
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, UK
01
This paper investigates the stylistic profiles of the early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s masterwork <i>Hongloumeng</i> (<i>The Story of the Stone</i> or <i>Dream of the Red Chamber</i> 1791), by Bowra (1868–70), Joly (1892–3), and Giles (1885). Through a detailed comparison of early English translations of the Chinese novel, this paper demonstrates how a set of bivariate statistics, commonly used for the comparison of corpora, can be applied in translation studies. Our corpus study uncovered a number of textual phenomena that have been rarely discussed before. We found that while the use of functional expressions such as conjunctions and genitives is significantly higher in Bowra’s earlier translation than in Joly’s later version, the use of determiners is more frequent in Joly’s translation when compared to his predecessor’s work. A closer look at such contrastive textual patterns led to the identification of an important feature of Joly’s later translation, i.e. an enhanced use of English idiomatic expressions and phrases in his attempt at developing an idiosyncratic style of his own.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.08pat
209
230
22
Article
13
01
Determining translation invariant characteristics of James Joyce’s <i>Dubliners</i>
1
A01
Jon M. Patton
M. Patton, Jon
Jon
M. Patton
Miami University
2
A01
Fazli Can
Can, Fazli
Fazli
Can
Bilkent University
01
We provide a comparative stylometric analysis of the <i>Dubliners</i> stories of James Joyce by using its original and Murat Belge’s Turkish translation. We divide the stories into four categories as suggested by Belge and investigate the success of automatic classification by using discriminant analysis with various style markers. We show that different style markers show different categorization success rates and most of the style markers provide better classification rates in English. We also investigate the sentence, token and type length in both languages. We show that sentence lengths are linearly mapped from English to Turkish, type and token length distribution follow the Poisson distribution in both languages, and the related relative frequency curves provide us with an invariant between the original text and the translation.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.09ryb
231
248
18
Article
14
01
The great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
The
great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
Stylometry in translation
1
A01
Jan Rybicki
Rybicki, Jan
Jan
Rybicki
Institute of English Studies, Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Poland
01
Machine-learning stylometric distance methods based on most-frequent-word frequencies are well-accepted and successful in authorship attribution. This study investigates the results of one of these methods, Burrows’s Delta, when applied to translations. Basing the empirical results on a number of corpora of literary translations, it shows that, except for some few highly adaptative translations, Delta usually fails to identify the translator and identifies the author of the original instead.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec4
Section header
15
01
Part IV. Quantitative exploration of translation lexis
10
01
JB code
scl.51.10ji
251
274
24
Article
16
01
Translation and scientific terminology
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The establishment of a working scientific language was instrumental in the construction of China’s early modern scientific identity, as a result of its increasing engagement with Western scientific concepts and idea sets. The current study aims to offer a corpus-based investigation of representative early Chinese scientific translations from a range of Western languages including English, French and Dutch. This corpus-based study examines the complex historical process of the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic scientific exchange between China, Japan and the West in the late nineteenth century. Through the quantitative corpus analysis, this study identified important patterns in the development of key linguistic features of an emerging scientific language system in modern Chinese, for example, token length and functional particles. The insights gained through the use of exploratory statistical techniques point to useful directions for future research in corpus-based translation studies.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.11sot
275
300
26
Article
17
01
The games translators play
The
games translators play
Lexical choice in vedic translation
1
A01
Alexandre Sotov
Sotov, Alexandre
Alexandre
Sotov
Independent Researcher, St. Petersburg, Russia
01
This chapter applies tools of corpus linguistics and game theory to an aligned parallel corpus of ancient Indian cultic poetry, the Ṛgveda, and its translations in German and Russian (ca. 690,000 tokens in total). The research analyses the relationship between translators’ choice preferences in rendering ambiguous Vedic terms, using such techniques as transcription and explicitation, and the source text content. The latter is represented as two translation constraints, one dealing with content uniqueness (measured by the number of hapaxes) and another with context (text location). Translators apply lexical adjustment if the amount of information available to them is low and there is a perceived necessity to explain the meaning of a key word. When the degree of ambiguity of the source text cannot be estimated, often the case with uniquely attested lexis, individual translation choices aggregate to a coherent strategy, which results in complementarity between the translations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.12jen
301
324
24
Article
18
01
Multivariate analyses of affix productivity in translated English
1
A01
Gard B. Jenset
Jenset, Gard B.
Gard B.
Jenset
Bergen University College
2
A01
Barbara McGillivray
McGillivray, Barbara
Barbara
McGillivray
Oxford University Press
01
The productivity and use of derivational affixes in translated English is studied by means of three multivariate techniques: factor analysis, principal component analysis, and correspondence analysis. We argue that principal component analysis and correspondence analysis are the techniques best suited for corpus linguistics by demonstrating how they can offer insights about the interaction between translation-specific features, stylistic factors and affix use in translated English.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.13sut
325
346
22
Article
19
01
Lexical lectometry in corpus-based translation studies
Combining profile-based correspondence analysis and logistic regression modeling
1
A01
Gert de Sutter
de Sutter, Gert
Gert
de Sutter
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
2
A01
Isabelle Delaere
Delaere, Isabelle
Isabelle
Delaere
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
3
A01
Koen Plevoets
Plevoets, Koen
Koen
Plevoets
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
01
The present study addresses the long-standing issue in corpus-based translation studies that translated texts differ from non-translated texts in the same language, irrespective of text type or source language. We investigate whether this claim is empirically verifiable for a variety of lexical variables in different Dutch varieties or <i>lects</i> (different text types and translated versus non-translated language). By means of profile-based correspondence analysis, linguistic distances are measured and visualized between the lects. Finally, logistic regression modeling enables us to determine the exact impact of the lects on the lexical choices. The results indeed reveal significant differences between translated and non-translated texts, but – contrary to what is generally assumed – these differences are not independent of source language and text type. Keywords: corpus-based translation studies; conservatism, lexical onomasiological variation; correspondence analysis; logistic regression
10
01
JB code
scl.51.14app
347
356
10
Article
20
01
Appendices
10
01
JB code
scl.51.15ind
357
362
6
Article
21
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20120320
2012
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
01
245
mm
02
164
mm
08
810
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
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bookorder@benjamins.nl
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https://benjamins.com
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WORLD
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24
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bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
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83.00
GBP
Z
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JB
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John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
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US CA MX
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gen
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149.00
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915014909
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
SCL 51 Pb
15
9789027203670
13
2011053056
BC
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SCL
02
1388-0373
Studies in Corpus Linguistics
51
01
Quantitative Methods in Corpus-Based Translation Studies
A practical guide to descriptive translation research
01
scl.51
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.51
1
B01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland
2
B01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo
01
eng
371
x
361
LAN023000
v.2006
CFP
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.CORP
Corpus linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
TRAN.TRANSL
Translation Studies
06
01
This is a comprehensive guidebook to the quantitative methods needed for Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CBTS). It provides a systematic description of the various statistical tests used in Corpus Linguistics which can be used in translation research. In Part 1, Theoretical Explorations, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative methodologies is explored. Part 2, Essential Corpus Studies, describes how to undertake quantitative studies, with a suitable level of technical and relevant case studies. Part 3, Quantitative Explorations of Literary Translations, looks at translations of classic works by Cao Xueqin, James Joyce and other authors. Finally, Part 4 on Translation Lexis uses a variety of techniques new to translation studies, including multivariate analysis and game theory. This book is aimed at students and researchers of corpus linguistics, translation studies and quantitative linguistics. It will significantly advance current translation studies in terms of methodological innovation and will fill in an important gap in the development of quantitative methods for interdisciplinary translation studies.
05
With a basic knowledge of statistical techniques and a willingness to extend one's horizon, this volume certainly is an excellent companion for researchers who aim at broadening or fortifying their knowledge of the field of corpus-based translation studies and at drawing inspiration for their won future research.
Oliver Culo, University of Mainz, in Languages in Contrast Vol. 14:2 (2014), pag. 312-315
05
This volume is a thematically coherent collection of articles and an important contribution to corpus-based translation studies. All together, it makes a convincing argument for the need to assess the statistical significance of theoretical claims based on quantitative corpus data.
Federico Zanettin, University of Perugia, Target 27(1): 138-144, 2015
04
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.51.png
04
03
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https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203564.jpg
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10
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JB code
scl.51.001pre
vii
viii
2
Article
1
01
Preface
10
01
JB code
scl.51.002loc
ix
x
2
Article
2
01
List of contributors
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec1
Section header
3
01
Part I. Theoretical exploration
10
01
JB code
scl.51.01lew
1
34
34
Article
4
01
Explicit and tacit
An interplay of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to translation
1
A01
Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara
Barbara
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
University of Lodz
01
The aim of the present chapter is to evaluate the extent to which quantitative and qualitative methodologies used in translation studies interplay and what new insights are obtained as a consequence of investigating explicit corpus-based data with a more tacit semantic enquiry. The approach used is Cognitive Corpus-based Linguistic methodology as applied to contrastive and to corpus-based translation studies. What is presented and interpreted is a comparison between the frequency of use of lexical units, phrases (collocations) and sentence segments in the English-to-Polish or Polish-to-English original and translated texts, juxtaposed to those identified in respective mono-lingual corpora. The paper provides evidence that, combined with a comparison of keyness and collocation patterns as well as lexical equivalence patterns and metaphor inquiry (exemplified with a number of emotion words in translation), all these parameters give us a clue to language-specific imagery construal and reconceptualization processes in translation.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.02gri
35
52
18
Article
5
01
Regression analysis in translation studies
1
A01
Stefan Th. Gries
Gries, Stefan Th.
Stefan Th.
Gries
University of California, Santa Barbara
2
A01
Stefanie Wulff
Wulff, Stefanie
Stefanie
Wulff
University of North Texas, Denton
01
This paper provides an overview of how to compute simple binary logistic regressions and linear regressions with the open source programming language R on the basis of data from the INTERSECT corpus of English texts and their French and German translations. First, we show how one of the key statistics of logistic regressions is conceptually similar to the chi-square test of frequency tables. Second, we exemplify different applications of logistic regressions – with a binary predictor, with an interval/ratio-scaled predictor, and with a combination of both. Finally, we briefly exemplify a linear regression. In all cases, we discuss significance tests and provide examples for effective visualizations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.03ji
53
72
20
Article
6
01
Hypothesis testing in corpus-based literary translation studies
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The main purpose of this chapter is to develop useful analytical frameworks for translation studies. The new analytical frameworks proposed will integrate quantitative and qualitative analysis of textual and contextual events and phenomena of translation. Three sets of relationship are highlighted to illustrate the usefulness of these new analytical schemes which are (1) the dependence relation between the source and the target text at various linguistic levels such as lexical, syntactic, grammatical and phraseological; (2) the dependence relation between translation and the target societal and cultural background; and (3) the dependence relation between the language of individual translations and the linguistic evolution of the target language at a general level. To illustrate the use of the new model of quantitative and qualitative analysis, this chapter offers a case study which compares the stylistic profile of Cervantes’s <i>Don Quijote de La Mancha</i> (1605) and its two modern Chinese versions by Yang Jiang in 1978 and by Liu Jingsheng in 1995.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec2
Section header
7
01
Part II. Essential corpus statistics
10
01
JB code
scl.51.04har
75
114
40
Article
8
01
Compiling a Norwegian-Spanish parallel corpus
Methods and challenges
1
A01
Lidun Hareide
Hareide, Lidun
Lidun
Hareide
University of Bergen
2
A01
Knut Hofland
Hofland, Knut
Knut
Hofland
Uni Computing
01
The current paper describes the compilation process of The Norwegian Spanish Parallel Corpus (NSPC) created at the University of Bergen (Norway), as well as preliminary findings from ongoing and planned research based on the NSPC. The corpus is primarily constructed for research in Translation Studies, and is built to be roughly comparable to the Spanish-English P-ACTRES corpus. As of June 2011 the corpus consists of 31 of the 41 text pairs in the population, however, an expansion is planned for the inclusion of the entire population by early 2012.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.05oak
115
148
34
Article
9
01
Describing a translational corpus
1
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, England
01
There are a number of different ways to describe a single corpus. We consider how the frequencies of linguistic features may be quantified, such as in terms of their “average” occurrence, dispersion among text segments, and whether they follow the familiar “bell curve” characteristic of a normal distribution. We describe how to determine the required corpus size so that these things can be measured with the required degree of confidence. We consider “aboutness”: the extent to which individual linguistic features characterise the corpus as a whole. We describe the vocabulary richness, the extent to which the author of a text constantly brings in new vocabulary, and collocations: groups of words which are found together more often than one would expect by chance.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.06ke
149
174
26
Article
10
01
Clustering a translational corpus
1
A01
Shih-Wen Ke
Ke, Shih-Wen
Shih-Wen
Ke
University of Southampton
01
This chapter describes the various clustering techniques and document processing methods one can use to discover information about similarities found in translational corpora. Two types of clustering techniques, namely hierarchical clustering and partitioning clustering, and their variations are discussed and applied to a sample of the TK-NHH Translatørkorpus corpus consisting of 71 translated documents on 4 different topics. The results show that these clustering techniques are capable of differentiating translations accepted by experts from those rejected, suggesting that these accepted translations share a high degree of similarity and perhaps resemble an ideal translation of the original text.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec3
Section header
11
01
Part III. Quantitative exploration of literary translation
10
01
JB code
scl.51.07ji
177
208
32
Article
12
01
A Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
A
Corpus study of early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s <i>Hongloumeng</i>
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
2
A01
Michael P. Oakes
Oakes, Michael P.
Michael P.
Oakes
University of Sunderland, UK
01
This paper investigates the stylistic profiles of the early English translations of Cao Xueqin’s masterwork <i>Hongloumeng</i> (<i>The Story of the Stone</i> or <i>Dream of the Red Chamber</i> 1791), by Bowra (1868–70), Joly (1892–3), and Giles (1885). Through a detailed comparison of early English translations of the Chinese novel, this paper demonstrates how a set of bivariate statistics, commonly used for the comparison of corpora, can be applied in translation studies. Our corpus study uncovered a number of textual phenomena that have been rarely discussed before. We found that while the use of functional expressions such as conjunctions and genitives is significantly higher in Bowra’s earlier translation than in Joly’s later version, the use of determiners is more frequent in Joly’s translation when compared to his predecessor’s work. A closer look at such contrastive textual patterns led to the identification of an important feature of Joly’s later translation, i.e. an enhanced use of English idiomatic expressions and phrases in his attempt at developing an idiosyncratic style of his own.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.08pat
209
230
22
Article
13
01
Determining translation invariant characteristics of James Joyce’s <i>Dubliners</i>
1
A01
Jon M. Patton
M. Patton, Jon
Jon
M. Patton
Miami University
2
A01
Fazli Can
Can, Fazli
Fazli
Can
Bilkent University
01
We provide a comparative stylometric analysis of the <i>Dubliners</i> stories of James Joyce by using its original and Murat Belge’s Turkish translation. We divide the stories into four categories as suggested by Belge and investigate the success of automatic classification by using discriminant analysis with various style markers. We show that different style markers show different categorization success rates and most of the style markers provide better classification rates in English. We also investigate the sentence, token and type length in both languages. We show that sentence lengths are linearly mapped from English to Turkish, type and token length distribution follow the Poisson distribution in both languages, and the related relative frequency curves provide us with an invariant between the original text and the translation.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.09ryb
231
248
18
Article
14
01
The great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
The
great mystery of the (almost) invisible translator
Stylometry in translation
1
A01
Jan Rybicki
Rybicki, Jan
Jan
Rybicki
Institute of English Studies, Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Poland
01
Machine-learning stylometric distance methods based on most-frequent-word frequencies are well-accepted and successful in authorship attribution. This study investigates the results of one of these methods, Burrows’s Delta, when applied to translations. Basing the empirical results on a number of corpora of literary translations, it shows that, except for some few highly adaptative translations, Delta usually fails to identify the translator and identifies the author of the original instead.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.00sec4
Section header
15
01
Part IV. Quantitative exploration of translation lexis
10
01
JB code
scl.51.10ji
251
274
24
Article
16
01
Translation and scientific terminology
1
A01
Meng Ji
Ji, Meng
Meng
Ji
University of Tokyo, Japan
01
The establishment of a working scientific language was instrumental in the construction of China’s early modern scientific identity, as a result of its increasing engagement with Western scientific concepts and idea sets. The current study aims to offer a corpus-based investigation of representative early Chinese scientific translations from a range of Western languages including English, French and Dutch. This corpus-based study examines the complex historical process of the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic scientific exchange between China, Japan and the West in the late nineteenth century. Through the quantitative corpus analysis, this study identified important patterns in the development of key linguistic features of an emerging scientific language system in modern Chinese, for example, token length and functional particles. The insights gained through the use of exploratory statistical techniques point to useful directions for future research in corpus-based translation studies.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.11sot
275
300
26
Article
17
01
The games translators play
The
games translators play
Lexical choice in vedic translation
1
A01
Alexandre Sotov
Sotov, Alexandre
Alexandre
Sotov
Independent Researcher, St. Petersburg, Russia
01
This chapter applies tools of corpus linguistics and game theory to an aligned parallel corpus of ancient Indian cultic poetry, the Ṛgveda, and its translations in German and Russian (ca. 690,000 tokens in total). The research analyses the relationship between translators’ choice preferences in rendering ambiguous Vedic terms, using such techniques as transcription and explicitation, and the source text content. The latter is represented as two translation constraints, one dealing with content uniqueness (measured by the number of hapaxes) and another with context (text location). Translators apply lexical adjustment if the amount of information available to them is low and there is a perceived necessity to explain the meaning of a key word. When the degree of ambiguity of the source text cannot be estimated, often the case with uniquely attested lexis, individual translation choices aggregate to a coherent strategy, which results in complementarity between the translations.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.12jen
301
324
24
Article
18
01
Multivariate analyses of affix productivity in translated English
1
A01
Gard B. Jenset
Jenset, Gard B.
Gard B.
Jenset
Bergen University College
2
A01
Barbara McGillivray
McGillivray, Barbara
Barbara
McGillivray
Oxford University Press
01
The productivity and use of derivational affixes in translated English is studied by means of three multivariate techniques: factor analysis, principal component analysis, and correspondence analysis. We argue that principal component analysis and correspondence analysis are the techniques best suited for corpus linguistics by demonstrating how they can offer insights about the interaction between translation-specific features, stylistic factors and affix use in translated English.
10
01
JB code
scl.51.13sut
325
346
22
Article
19
01
Lexical lectometry in corpus-based translation studies
Combining profile-based correspondence analysis and logistic regression modeling
1
A01
Gert de Sutter
de Sutter, Gert
Gert
de Sutter
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
2
A01
Isabelle Delaere
Delaere, Isabelle
Isabelle
Delaere
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
3
A01
Koen Plevoets
Plevoets, Koen
Koen
Plevoets
Faculty of Applied Language Studies, Ghent University/University College Ghent
01
The present study addresses the long-standing issue in corpus-based translation studies that translated texts differ from non-translated texts in the same language, irrespective of text type or source language. We investigate whether this claim is empirically verifiable for a variety of lexical variables in different Dutch varieties or <i>lects</i> (different text types and translated versus non-translated language). By means of profile-based correspondence analysis, linguistic distances are measured and visualized between the lects. Finally, logistic regression modeling enables us to determine the exact impact of the lects on the lexical choices. The results indeed reveal significant differences between translated and non-translated texts, but – contrary to what is generally assumed – these differences are not independent of source language and text type. Keywords: corpus-based translation studies; conservatism, lexical onomasiological variation; correspondence analysis; logistic regression
10
01
JB code
scl.51.14app
347
356
10
Article
20
01
Appendices
10
01
JB code
scl.51.15ind
357
362
6
Article
21
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20120320
2012
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
08
660
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
15
14
01
02
JB
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36.00
EUR
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bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
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GB
21
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1
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30.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
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John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
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54.00
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