136011178 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 57 Eb 15 9789027271914 06 10.1075/scl.57 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SCL 02 1388-0373 02 57.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-all 01 02 Complete backlist (3,208 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Complete backlist (1967–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-scl 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics (vols. 1–66, 1998–2015) 05 02 SCL (vols. 1–66, 1998–2015) 11 01 JB code jbe-2015-linguistics 01 02 Subject collection: Linguistics (2,773 titles, 1967–2015) 05 02 Linguistics (1967–2015) 01 01 Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 204179272 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/204179272 2 B01 01 JB code 779179273 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/779179273 3 B01 01 JB code 708179274 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/708179274 01 eng 11 307 03 03 viii 03 00 299 03 01 23 420.1/4 03 2013 P128.C68 04 Corpora (Linguistics) 04 Lexicology. 04 Lexical phonology. 04 Grammaticality (Linguistics) 04 Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives, and all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 03 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives. The first section, “Sequence and Order”, presents theoretical and practical aspects of the linguist’s task of uncovering the principles that determine such patterns. The next section, “Competing Constructions”, discusses the relationship between lexical patterns with similar meanings in the light of diachronic, regional and register variation. New developments in terms of lexicogrammatical meaning and patterning are dealt with in the section “Emerging Patterns”. The final section, “Correlating patterns and meaning”, discusses ways in which meaning can be studied in corpus data despite the lack of narrowly defined search terms. Though situated at different points on a continuum between lexical and grammatical emphasis, the studies all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.57.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203632.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203632.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.57.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.57.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.57.01con 06 10.1075/scl.57.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.02int 06 10.1075/scl.57.02int 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 867188825 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/867188825 2 A01 01 JB code 209188826 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/209188826 3 A01 01 JB code 259188827 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/259188827 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.03pa1 06 10.1075/scl.57.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.04stu 06 10.1075/scl.57.04stu 13 34 22 Article 4 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 04 The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics 1 A01 01 JB code 17188828 Michael Stubbs Stubbs, Michael Michael Stubbs 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/17188828 01 eng 03 00

Corpus linguists often attempt to avoid assumptions imported from pre-corpus studies, by using methods which could be called “inductive”, in so far as they proceed from observations about textual sequences to generalizations about order in the system. However, induction has been questioned for over 400 years (by Bacon, Hume, Popper and others), and the possibility of rigorous, theory-free induction is now generally rejected. One major phraseological model, proposed by Sinclair in the late 1990s, is certainly not a purely inductive generalization from raw corpus data. I will discuss this model using attested data on a particular construction and a distinction proposed by Firth, Halliday and Palmer between “sequence” (an observable feature of texts) and “order” (a feature of linguists’ models).

01 01 JB code scl.57.05dan 06 10.1075/scl.57.05dan 35 46 12 Article 5 01 04 Mom and Dad but Men and Women Mom and Dad but Men and Women 01 04 The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs cin American English The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs 
in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 586188829 Doris Dant Dant, Doris Doris Dant 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/586188829 01 eng 03 00

Departing from Benor and Levy’s approach to binomials (2006), this study investigated the sequencing of word pairs by controlling grammatical, geographical, and semantic variables. Accordingly, 59 sex-determined noun pairs commonly actualized in American English were examined. The preferred sequencing of 56 of these pairs is predicted by a heuristic that applies three constraints sequentially: (1) the metrical constraint – if the pair’s syllables are asymmetrical, the noun with fewer syllables comes first; (2) the family relationship constraint (discovered in this study) – if the pair’s syllables are symmetrical and the pair expresses a family relationship, the feminine term precedes the masculine term; and (3) the power constraint, where the masculine noun precedes the feminine term in the remaining symmetrical pairs.

01 01 JB code scl.57.06cof 06 10.1075/scl.57.06cof 47 68 22 Article 6 01 04 Sequences of size adjectives in text Sequences of size adjectives in text 01 04 Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations 1 A01 01 JB code 37188830 Stephen Coffey Coffey, Stephen Stephen Coffey 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37188830 01 eng 03 00

This paper reports on a study of attributive adjective sequences belonging to the semantic field of size, examples of which are ‘enormous great’ and ‘wee little’. It takes as its starting point a brief outline of the phenomenon provided by the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Huddleston & Pullum, 2002), in which it is referred to as ‘intensificatory tautology’. The paper begins by defining the lexical set to be investigated, and thereafter provides details of the relevant adjectival sequences found in the British National Corpus. Particular attention is paid to the relatively frequent pairs great big, tiny little and little tiny. Information is also given with regard to other semantic fields which corpus data suggests could usefully be investigated.

01 01 JB code scl.57.07pa2 06 10.1075/scl.57.07pa2 Section header 7 01 04 Competing constructions Competing constructions 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.08sua 06 10.1075/scl.57.08sua 71 90 20 Article 8 01 04 The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly 01 04 Some diachronic considerations Some diachronic considerations 1 A01 01 JB code 996188831 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/996188831 01 eng 03 00

The present paper aims at shedding light on the diachronic evolution of two death-related intensifiers, dead and deadly, showing their subjectification and grammaticalisation over time. Data from the Middle English Dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary, and three electronic databases (Early English Books Online, Eighteenth Century Fiction, and Online Books Page) are used to carry out a collocational analysis of both adverbial forms. A detailed study of the collocations of dead and deadly reveals different contexts of variation between the zero and the -ly counterparts. The paper additionally argues that these contexts of variation are not always random, and in certain cases owe to semantic considerations, while other occurrences of dead and deadly seem to point towards highly fossilised uses.

01 01 JB code scl.57.09bac 06 10.1075/scl.57.09bac 91 112 22 Article 9 01 04 Has go-V ousted go-and-V? Has go-V ousted go-and-V? 01 04 A study of the diachronic development cof both constructions in American English A study of the diachronic development 
of both constructions in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 607188832 Ingo Bachmann Bachmann, Ingo Ingo Bachmann 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607188832 01 eng 03 00

Contemporary spoken American English prefers go-V to go-and-V. However, this is only a synchronic snapshot. Using the Corpus of Historical American English, the present empirical study of the diachronic development of go-and-V and go-V in 19th and 20th century American English texts shows that both constructions underwent a remarkably diverging development. Whereas go-V only started to rise significantly in frequency at the turn of the 20th century, displaying a more or less steady increase up to today’s norm, go-and-V dropped in frequency after having its peak in the second half of the 19th century. A close look at the grammatical context shows that, depending on the verb form, go-V took over from go-and-V at different stages.

01 01 JB code scl.57.10roh 06 10.1075/scl.57.10roh 113 132 20 Article 10 01 04 The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 43188833 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/43188833 01 eng 03 00

This paper describes the history and present status of a family of constructions containing two older (obsolescent and recessive) members, cannot choose but + bare infinitive and cannot but + bare infinitive, and two younger ones, cannot help -ing and cannot help but + bare infinitive. It is shown that cannot help but + bare infinitive constitutes an American-led innovation and that even today the type is distinctly more common and versatile in American than British English. In addition, the paper explores some major distributional constraints distinguishing between cannot help -ing and the three but-types. These involve differences between individual text types, the lexical diversity of the non-finite verb, and certain non-basic, especially Low Transitivity structures.

01 01 JB code scl.57.11lor 06 10.1075/scl.57.11lor 133 152 20 Article 11 01 04 From reduction to emancipation From reduction to emancipation 01 04 Is gonna a word? Is gonna a word? 1 A01 01 JB code 726188834 David Lorenz Lorenz, David David Lorenz 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/726188834 01 eng 03 00

In this paper I propose an emancipation effect that may follow from the ‘reducing effect’ of frequency (Bybee 2006): if a reduced realization of an item gains in frequency, it will become conceptually independent from the full form. In a context of grammaticalization, I show that this is the case for the form gonna, which is becoming emancipated from its source form going to. I use corpus data of spoken American English to trace the process of emancipation as gonna sheds off the features of phonetic reduction and acquires those of a lexical variant.

01 01 JB code scl.57.12smi 06 10.1075/scl.57.12smi 153 174 22 Article 12 01 04 Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction 1 A01 01 JB code 226188835 Adam Smith Smith, Adam Adam Smith 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/226188835 01 eng 03 00

This study looks at the variations within preposition + noun + preposition (PNP) sequences such as at (the) risk of, commonly classified as complex prepositions (CPs). The current literature suggests that the more indivisible the structure, the more grammaticalised the unit. Representations of complex prepositions within contemporary grammars indicate that the most common intruder within the fixed PNP sequence is the definite article. Synchronic and diachronic corpus studies were carried out to assess how fixed the form with the definite article is, and whether any CPs have shown a recent tendency to lose it. Decategorialisation was found to be only a minor factor for the CPs investigated, with a combination of semantic and grammatical factors featuring in the grammaticalisation process.

01 01 JB code scl.57.13pa3 06 10.1075/scl.57.13pa3 Section header 13 01 04 Emerging patterns Emerging patterns 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.14ren 06 10.1075/scl.57.14ren 177 208 32 Article 14 01 04 A finer definition of neology in English A finer definition of neology in English 01 04 The life-cycle of a word The life-cycle of a word 1 A01 01 JB code 898188836 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/898188836 01 eng 03 00

Neology can be identified in a text corpus at surface level by automatic means (Renouf 1993a). In a diachronic corpus of journalism a lexical neologism can be found by comparing each word in a stream of data with a baseline index. A semantic neologism is identifiable through the change in the word’s collocational environment (Renouf 1993b). In this paper, we examine the changing status of neologisms across time, tracking the ‘life-cycle’ of a word (Renouf 2007), from its first appearance in our text, through its fluctuations in frequency and popularity, to its possible assimilation into mainstream language, and its possible death and re-birth. The study is based on a corpus of 1.2 billion words of UK mainstream newspaper text spanning 1989–2011.

01 01 JB code scl.57.15gra 06 10.1075/scl.57.15gra 209 222 14 Article 15 01 04 A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian 1 A01 01 JB code 607188837 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607188837 01 eng 03 00

This paper is a work in progress report which examines the gender assignment of 950 recently borrowed English nouns manually extracted from lists of anglicism candidates from 2008–2010 in the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus. A corpus-based approach was applied in the search for the distribution of gender in the same corpus, as well as in other available corpora of Norwegian. In addition to presenting some data pertaining to gender assignment and possible assignment rules or principles, the paper also briefly addresses methodological issues such as the suitability of corpora for loanword identification and extraction.

01 01 JB code scl.57.16die 06 10.1075/scl.57.16die 223 244 22 Article 16 01 04 The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs 1 A01 01 JB code 109188838 Stefan Diemer Diemer, Stefan Stefan Diemer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/109188838 01 eng 03 00

The paper explores how verb-particle combinations have changed with the increased use of online real-time short communication forms. Following up on earlier research (Diemer 2008b & 2009), the study discusses examples of new prefix verbs from a web-based corpus of blogs, providing evidence that the long-term decline of this verb form in English has been reversed in computer-mediated communication, which facilitates the creation and increasingly flexible use of previously non-standard prefix verbs like inbe, oncome and atstand. Proposed reasons for this change are the influence of other languages on English, analogy with existing prefix verbs, special-purpose use, playful use of language, facilitation of syntax and demands of brevity.

01 01 JB code scl.57.17pa4 06 10.1075/scl.57.17pa4 Section header 17 01 04 Correlating patterns and meaning Correlating patterns and meaning 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.18vin 06 10.1075/scl.57.18vin 247 270 24 Article 18 01 04 Modality and the V wh pattern Modality and the V wh pattern 1 A01 01 JB code 869188839 Benet Vincent Vincent, Benet Benet Vincent 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/869188839 01 eng 03 00

Pattern Grammar (Hunston & Francis 2000) has typically focused mainly on complementation patterns, but Hunston (2003, 2011) has speculated if Pattern Grammar should incorporate the study of modality by considering the interaction between modal meaning and particular patterns. This paper presents a quantitative study that finds an association between verbs followed by interrogative clauses (the V wh pattern) and modal verbs/the to-infinitive. This is followed by a qualitative investigation to classify according to meaning phrases focused on the sequence to V wh: four main groups (purpose, difficulty, deontic meaning, volition/intention) are found. The findings raise the prospect of both broadening the scope of Pattern Grammar and improving our understanding of modality from a phraseological perspective.

01 01 JB code scl.57.19goo 06 10.1075/scl.57.19goo 271 292 22 Article 19 01 04 Assessing corpus search methods cin onomasiological investigations Assessing corpus search methods 
in onomasiological investigations 01 04 Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 299188840 Diane Goossens Goossens, Diane Diane Goossens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/299188840 01 eng 03 00

This paper sets out to explore and evaluate several corpus search methods that are applied to uncover linguistic devices expressing ‘quantity approximation’ in a corpus of business English from an onomasiological perspective. The study is carried out within the framework of a project exploring quantity approximation in various business genres using a contrastive, corpus-driven approach (in Dutch, English and French). The paper sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of using annotated corpora (part-of-speech and semantic tagging) and automatically extracted word lists for onomasiological investigations. The analysis of the results provides valuable insights into the way these methods might successfully complement each other to uncover a wide variety of linguistic devices expressing a specific notion, in this case quantity approximation.

01 01 JB code scl.57.20aut 06 10.1075/scl.57.20aut 293 296 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.21sub 06 10.1075/scl.57.21sub 297 300 4 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.57 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20130627 C 2013 John Benjamins D 2013 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203632 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027271914 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 143.00 USD
606011177 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 57 Hb 15 9789027203632 06 10.1075/scl.57 13 2013011550 00 BB 08 705 gr 10 01 JB code SCL 02 1388-0373 02 57.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 01 01 Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 204179272 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/204179272 2 B01 01 JB code 779179273 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/779179273 3 B01 01 JB code 708179274 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling University of Oslo 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/708179274 01 eng 11 307 03 03 viii 03 00 299 03 01 23 420.1/4 03 2013 P128.C68 04 Corpora (Linguistics) 04 Lexicology. 04 Lexical phonology. 04 Grammaticality (Linguistics) 04 Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 01 06 02 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives, and all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 03 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives. The first section, “Sequence and Order”, presents theoretical and practical aspects of the linguist’s task of uncovering the principles that determine such patterns. The next section, “Competing Constructions”, discusses the relationship between lexical patterns with similar meanings in the light of diachronic, regional and register variation. New developments in terms of lexicogrammatical meaning and patterning are dealt with in the section “Emerging Patterns”. The final section, “Correlating patterns and meaning”, discusses ways in which meaning can be studied in corpus data despite the lack of narrowly defined search terms. Though situated at different points on a continuum between lexical and grammatical emphasis, the studies all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.57.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203632.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203632.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.57.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.57.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.57.01con 06 10.1075/scl.57.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.02int 06 10.1075/scl.57.02int 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 867188825 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/867188825 2 A01 01 JB code 209188826 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/209188826 3 A01 01 JB code 259188827 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/259188827 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.03pa1 06 10.1075/scl.57.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.04stu 06 10.1075/scl.57.04stu 13 34 22 Article 4 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 04 The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics 1 A01 01 JB code 17188828 Michael Stubbs Stubbs, Michael Michael Stubbs 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/17188828 01 eng 03 00

Corpus linguists often attempt to avoid assumptions imported from pre-corpus studies, by using methods which could be called “inductive”, in so far as they proceed from observations about textual sequences to generalizations about order in the system. However, induction has been questioned for over 400 years (by Bacon, Hume, Popper and others), and the possibility of rigorous, theory-free induction is now generally rejected. One major phraseological model, proposed by Sinclair in the late 1990s, is certainly not a purely inductive generalization from raw corpus data. I will discuss this model using attested data on a particular construction and a distinction proposed by Firth, Halliday and Palmer between “sequence” (an observable feature of texts) and “order” (a feature of linguists’ models).

01 01 JB code scl.57.05dan 06 10.1075/scl.57.05dan 35 46 12 Article 5 01 04 Mom and Dad but Men and Women Mom and Dad but Men and Women 01 04 The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs cin American English The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs 
in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 586188829 Doris Dant Dant, Doris Doris Dant 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/586188829 01 eng 03 00

Departing from Benor and Levy’s approach to binomials (2006), this study investigated the sequencing of word pairs by controlling grammatical, geographical, and semantic variables. Accordingly, 59 sex-determined noun pairs commonly actualized in American English were examined. The preferred sequencing of 56 of these pairs is predicted by a heuristic that applies three constraints sequentially: (1) the metrical constraint – if the pair’s syllables are asymmetrical, the noun with fewer syllables comes first; (2) the family relationship constraint (discovered in this study) – if the pair’s syllables are symmetrical and the pair expresses a family relationship, the feminine term precedes the masculine term; and (3) the power constraint, where the masculine noun precedes the feminine term in the remaining symmetrical pairs.

01 01 JB code scl.57.06cof 06 10.1075/scl.57.06cof 47 68 22 Article 6 01 04 Sequences of size adjectives in text Sequences of size adjectives in text 01 04 Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations 1 A01 01 JB code 37188830 Stephen Coffey Coffey, Stephen Stephen Coffey 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37188830 01 eng 03 00

This paper reports on a study of attributive adjective sequences belonging to the semantic field of size, examples of which are ‘enormous great’ and ‘wee little’. It takes as its starting point a brief outline of the phenomenon provided by the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Huddleston & Pullum, 2002), in which it is referred to as ‘intensificatory tautology’. The paper begins by defining the lexical set to be investigated, and thereafter provides details of the relevant adjectival sequences found in the British National Corpus. Particular attention is paid to the relatively frequent pairs great big, tiny little and little tiny. Information is also given with regard to other semantic fields which corpus data suggests could usefully be investigated.

01 01 JB code scl.57.07pa2 06 10.1075/scl.57.07pa2 Section header 7 01 04 Competing constructions Competing constructions 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.08sua 06 10.1075/scl.57.08sua 71 90 20 Article 8 01 04 The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly 01 04 Some diachronic considerations Some diachronic considerations 1 A01 01 JB code 996188831 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/996188831 01 eng 03 00

The present paper aims at shedding light on the diachronic evolution of two death-related intensifiers, dead and deadly, showing their subjectification and grammaticalisation over time. Data from the Middle English Dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary, and three electronic databases (Early English Books Online, Eighteenth Century Fiction, and Online Books Page) are used to carry out a collocational analysis of both adverbial forms. A detailed study of the collocations of dead and deadly reveals different contexts of variation between the zero and the -ly counterparts. The paper additionally argues that these contexts of variation are not always random, and in certain cases owe to semantic considerations, while other occurrences of dead and deadly seem to point towards highly fossilised uses.

01 01 JB code scl.57.09bac 06 10.1075/scl.57.09bac 91 112 22 Article 9 01 04 Has go-V ousted go-and-V? Has go-V ousted go-and-V? 01 04 A study of the diachronic development cof both constructions in American English A study of the diachronic development 
of both constructions in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 607188832 Ingo Bachmann Bachmann, Ingo Ingo Bachmann 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607188832 01 eng 03 00

Contemporary spoken American English prefers go-V to go-and-V. However, this is only a synchronic snapshot. Using the Corpus of Historical American English, the present empirical study of the diachronic development of go-and-V and go-V in 19th and 20th century American English texts shows that both constructions underwent a remarkably diverging development. Whereas go-V only started to rise significantly in frequency at the turn of the 20th century, displaying a more or less steady increase up to today’s norm, go-and-V dropped in frequency after having its peak in the second half of the 19th century. A close look at the grammatical context shows that, depending on the verb form, go-V took over from go-and-V at different stages.

01 01 JB code scl.57.10roh 06 10.1075/scl.57.10roh 113 132 20 Article 10 01 04 The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 43188833 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/43188833 01 eng 03 00

This paper describes the history and present status of a family of constructions containing two older (obsolescent and recessive) members, cannot choose but + bare infinitive and cannot but + bare infinitive, and two younger ones, cannot help -ing and cannot help but + bare infinitive. It is shown that cannot help but + bare infinitive constitutes an American-led innovation and that even today the type is distinctly more common and versatile in American than British English. In addition, the paper explores some major distributional constraints distinguishing between cannot help -ing and the three but-types. These involve differences between individual text types, the lexical diversity of the non-finite verb, and certain non-basic, especially Low Transitivity structures.

01 01 JB code scl.57.11lor 06 10.1075/scl.57.11lor 133 152 20 Article 11 01 04 From reduction to emancipation From reduction to emancipation 01 04 Is gonna a word? Is gonna a word? 1 A01 01 JB code 726188834 David Lorenz Lorenz, David David Lorenz 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/726188834 01 eng 03 00

In this paper I propose an emancipation effect that may follow from the ‘reducing effect’ of frequency (Bybee 2006): if a reduced realization of an item gains in frequency, it will become conceptually independent from the full form. In a context of grammaticalization, I show that this is the case for the form gonna, which is becoming emancipated from its source form going to. I use corpus data of spoken American English to trace the process of emancipation as gonna sheds off the features of phonetic reduction and acquires those of a lexical variant.

01 01 JB code scl.57.12smi 06 10.1075/scl.57.12smi 153 174 22 Article 12 01 04 Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction 1 A01 01 JB code 226188835 Adam Smith Smith, Adam Adam Smith 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/226188835 01 eng 03 00

This study looks at the variations within preposition + noun + preposition (PNP) sequences such as at (the) risk of, commonly classified as complex prepositions (CPs). The current literature suggests that the more indivisible the structure, the more grammaticalised the unit. Representations of complex prepositions within contemporary grammars indicate that the most common intruder within the fixed PNP sequence is the definite article. Synchronic and diachronic corpus studies were carried out to assess how fixed the form with the definite article is, and whether any CPs have shown a recent tendency to lose it. Decategorialisation was found to be only a minor factor for the CPs investigated, with a combination of semantic and grammatical factors featuring in the grammaticalisation process.

01 01 JB code scl.57.13pa3 06 10.1075/scl.57.13pa3 Section header 13 01 04 Emerging patterns Emerging patterns 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.14ren 06 10.1075/scl.57.14ren 177 208 32 Article 14 01 04 A finer definition of neology in English A finer definition of neology in English 01 04 The life-cycle of a word The life-cycle of a word 1 A01 01 JB code 898188836 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/898188836 01 eng 03 00

Neology can be identified in a text corpus at surface level by automatic means (Renouf 1993a). In a diachronic corpus of journalism a lexical neologism can be found by comparing each word in a stream of data with a baseline index. A semantic neologism is identifiable through the change in the word’s collocational environment (Renouf 1993b). In this paper, we examine the changing status of neologisms across time, tracking the ‘life-cycle’ of a word (Renouf 2007), from its first appearance in our text, through its fluctuations in frequency and popularity, to its possible assimilation into mainstream language, and its possible death and re-birth. The study is based on a corpus of 1.2 billion words of UK mainstream newspaper text spanning 1989–2011.

01 01 JB code scl.57.15gra 06 10.1075/scl.57.15gra 209 222 14 Article 15 01 04 A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian 1 A01 01 JB code 607188837 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/607188837 01 eng 03 00

This paper is a work in progress report which examines the gender assignment of 950 recently borrowed English nouns manually extracted from lists of anglicism candidates from 2008–2010 in the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus. A corpus-based approach was applied in the search for the distribution of gender in the same corpus, as well as in other available corpora of Norwegian. In addition to presenting some data pertaining to gender assignment and possible assignment rules or principles, the paper also briefly addresses methodological issues such as the suitability of corpora for loanword identification and extraction.

01 01 JB code scl.57.16die 06 10.1075/scl.57.16die 223 244 22 Article 16 01 04 The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs 1 A01 01 JB code 109188838 Stefan Diemer Diemer, Stefan Stefan Diemer 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/109188838 01 eng 03 00

The paper explores how verb-particle combinations have changed with the increased use of online real-time short communication forms. Following up on earlier research (Diemer 2008b & 2009), the study discusses examples of new prefix verbs from a web-based corpus of blogs, providing evidence that the long-term decline of this verb form in English has been reversed in computer-mediated communication, which facilitates the creation and increasingly flexible use of previously non-standard prefix verbs like inbe, oncome and atstand. Proposed reasons for this change are the influence of other languages on English, analogy with existing prefix verbs, special-purpose use, playful use of language, facilitation of syntax and demands of brevity.

01 01 JB code scl.57.17pa4 06 10.1075/scl.57.17pa4 Section header 17 01 04 Correlating patterns and meaning Correlating patterns and meaning 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.18vin 06 10.1075/scl.57.18vin 247 270 24 Article 18 01 04 Modality and the V wh pattern Modality and the V wh pattern 1 A01 01 JB code 869188839 Benet Vincent Vincent, Benet Benet Vincent 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/869188839 01 eng 03 00

Pattern Grammar (Hunston & Francis 2000) has typically focused mainly on complementation patterns, but Hunston (2003, 2011) has speculated if Pattern Grammar should incorporate the study of modality by considering the interaction between modal meaning and particular patterns. This paper presents a quantitative study that finds an association between verbs followed by interrogative clauses (the V wh pattern) and modal verbs/the to-infinitive. This is followed by a qualitative investigation to classify according to meaning phrases focused on the sequence to V wh: four main groups (purpose, difficulty, deontic meaning, volition/intention) are found. The findings raise the prospect of both broadening the scope of Pattern Grammar and improving our understanding of modality from a phraseological perspective.

01 01 JB code scl.57.19goo 06 10.1075/scl.57.19goo 271 292 22 Article 19 01 04 Assessing corpus search methods cin onomasiological investigations Assessing corpus search methods 
in onomasiological investigations 01 04 Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 299188840 Diane Goossens Goossens, Diane Diane Goossens 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/299188840 01 eng 03 00

This paper sets out to explore and evaluate several corpus search methods that are applied to uncover linguistic devices expressing ‘quantity approximation’ in a corpus of business English from an onomasiological perspective. The study is carried out within the framework of a project exploring quantity approximation in various business genres using a contrastive, corpus-driven approach (in Dutch, English and French). The paper sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of using annotated corpora (part-of-speech and semantic tagging) and automatically extracted word lists for onomasiological investigations. The analysis of the results provides valuable insights into the way these methods might successfully complement each other to uncover a wide variety of linguistic devices expressing a specific notion, in this case quantity approximation.

01 01 JB code scl.57.20aut 06 10.1075/scl.57.20aut 293 296 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Author index Author index 01 eng 01 01 JB code scl.57.21sub 06 10.1075/scl.57.21sub 297 300 4 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 eng
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.57 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20130627 C 2013 John Benjamins D 2013 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 70 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 95.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 80.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 70 16 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 143.00 USD
686014803 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 57 GE 15 9789027271914 06 10.1075/scl.57 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SCL 02 JB code 1388-0373 02 57.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 01 01 Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis Corpus Perspectives on Patterns of Lexis 1 B01 01 JB code 204179272 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård University of Oslo 2 B01 01 JB code 779179273 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling University of Oslo 3 B01 01 JB code 708179274 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling University of Oslo 01 eng 11 307 03 03 viii 03 00 299 03 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB code LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 10 LAN009000 12 CFG 01 06 02 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives, and all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 03 00 A hallmark of corpus linguistics is the study of patterns of language use. The studies presented in this volume all use corpora to investigate patterns of lexis from various perspectives. The first section, “Sequence and Order”, presents theoretical and practical aspects of the linguist’s task of uncovering the principles that determine such patterns. The next section, “Competing Constructions”, discusses the relationship between lexical patterns with similar meanings in the light of diachronic, regional and register variation. New developments in terms of lexicogrammatical meaning and patterning are dealt with in the section “Emerging Patterns”. The final section, “Correlating patterns and meaning”, discusses ways in which meaning can be studied in corpus data despite the lack of narrowly defined search terms. Though situated at different points on a continuum between lexical and grammatical emphasis, the studies all confirm the inseparability of lexis and grammar. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.57.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027203632.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027203632.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.57.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.57.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.57.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.57.01con 06 10.1075/scl.57.01con vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 List of contributors List of contributors 01 01 JB code scl.57.02int 06 10.1075/scl.57.02int 1 10 10 Article 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 1 A01 01 JB code 867188825 Hilde Hasselgård Hasselgård, Hilde Hilde Hasselgård 2 A01 01 JB code 209188826 Jarle Ebeling Ebeling, Jarle Jarle Ebeling 3 A01 01 JB code 259188827 Signe Ebeling Ebeling, Signe Signe Ebeling 01 01 JB code scl.57.03pa1 06 10.1075/scl.57.03pa1 Section header 3 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 01 JB code scl.57.04stu 06 10.1075/scl.57.04stu 13 34 22 Article 4 01 04 Sequence and order Sequence and order 01 04 The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics The neo-Firthian tradition of corpus semantics 1 A01 01 JB code 17188828 Michael Stubbs Stubbs, Michael Michael Stubbs 01 01 JB code scl.57.05dan 06 10.1075/scl.57.05dan 35 46 12 Article 5 01 04 Mom and Dad but Men and Women Mom and Dad but Men and Women 01 04 The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs cin American English The sequencing of sex-determined noun pairs 
in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 586188829 Doris Dant Dant, Doris Doris Dant 01 01 JB code scl.57.06cof 06 10.1075/scl.57.06cof 47 68 22 Article 6 01 04 Sequences of size adjectives in text Sequences of size adjectives in text 01 04 Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations Great big, tiny little, and less frequent combinations 1 A01 01 JB code 37188830 Stephen Coffey Coffey, Stephen Stephen Coffey 01 01 JB code scl.57.07pa2 06 10.1075/scl.57.07pa2 Section header 7 01 04 Competing constructions Competing constructions 01 01 JB code scl.57.08sua 06 10.1075/scl.57.08sua 71 90 20 Article 8 01 04 The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly The competition between the intensifiers dead and deadly 01 04 Some diachronic considerations Some diachronic considerations 1 A01 01 JB code 996188831 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez 01 01 JB code scl.57.09bac 06 10.1075/scl.57.09bac 91 112 22 Article 9 01 04 Has go-V ousted go-and-V? Has go-V ousted go-and-V? 01 04 A study of the diachronic development cof both constructions in American English A study of the diachronic development 
of both constructions in American English 1 A01 01 JB code 607188832 Ingo Bachmann Bachmann, Ingo Ingo Bachmann 01 01 JB code scl.57.10roh 06 10.1075/scl.57.10roh 113 132 20 Article 10 01 04 The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English The construction cannot help -ing and its rivals in Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 43188833 Günter Rohdenburg Rohdenburg, Günter Günter Rohdenburg 01 01 JB code scl.57.11lor 06 10.1075/scl.57.11lor 133 152 20 Article 11 01 04 From reduction to emancipation From reduction to emancipation 01 04 Is gonna a word? Is gonna a word? 1 A01 01 JB code 726188834 David Lorenz Lorenz, David David Lorenz 01 01 JB code scl.57.12smi 06 10.1075/scl.57.12smi 153 174 22 Article 12 01 04 Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction Complex prepositions and variation within the PNP construction 1 A01 01 JB code 226188835 Adam Smith Smith, Adam Adam Smith 01 01 JB code scl.57.13pa3 06 10.1075/scl.57.13pa3 Section header 13 01 04 Emerging patterns Emerging patterns 01 01 JB code scl.57.14ren 06 10.1075/scl.57.14ren 177 208 32 Article 14 01 04 A finer definition of neology in English A finer definition of neology in English 01 04 The life-cycle of a word The life-cycle of a word 1 A01 01 JB code 898188836 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf 01 01 JB code scl.57.15gra 06 10.1075/scl.57.15gra 209 222 14 Article 15 01 04 A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian A corpus-based study of gender assignment in recent English loanwords in Norwegian 1 A01 01 JB code 607188837 Anne-Line Graedler Graedler, Anne-Line Anne-Line Graedler 01 01 JB code scl.57.16die 06 10.1075/scl.57.16die 223 244 22 Article 16 01 04 The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs The return of the prefix? New verb-particle combinations in blogs 1 A01 01 JB code 109188838 Stefan Diemer Diemer, Stefan Stefan Diemer 01 01 JB code scl.57.17pa4 06 10.1075/scl.57.17pa4 Section header 17 01 04 Correlating patterns and meaning Correlating patterns and meaning 01 01 JB code scl.57.18vin 06 10.1075/scl.57.18vin 247 270 24 Article 18 01 04 Modality and the V wh pattern Modality and the V wh pattern 1 A01 01 JB code 869188839 Benet Vincent Vincent, Benet Benet Vincent 01 01 JB code scl.57.19goo 06 10.1075/scl.57.19goo 271 292 22 Article 19 01 04 Assessing corpus search methods cin onomasiological investigations Assessing corpus search methods 
in onomasiological investigations 01 04 Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse Exploring quantity approximation in business discourse 1 A01 01 JB code 299188840 Diane Goossens Goossens, Diane Diane Goossens 01 01 JB code scl.57.20aut 06 10.1075/scl.57.20aut 293 296 4 Miscellaneous 20 01 04 Author index Author index 01 01 JB code scl.57.21sub 06 10.1075/scl.57.21sub 297 300 4 Miscellaneous 21 01 04 Subject index Subject index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20130627 C 2013 John Benjamins D 2013 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027203632 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 95.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 80.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 143.00 USD