18019087 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 96 Hb 15 9789027205438 06 10.1075/scl.96 13 2020002384 00 BB 08 710 gr 10 01 JB code SCL 02 1388-0373 02 96.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 01 01 Corpora and the Changing Society Studies in the evolution of English Corpora and the Changing Society: Studies in the evolution of English 1 B01 01 JB code 37348360 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37348360 2 B01 01 JB code 435348361 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/435348361 3 B01 01 JB code 55348362 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/55348362 01 eng 11 317 03 03 xii 03 00 305 03 01 23 420.9 03 2020 PE1074.5 04 English language--Grammar--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Research--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Discourse analysis--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Variation--History--Congresses. 04 English language--Social aspects--Congresses. 04 Computational linguistics--Congresses. 10 LAN009010 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. 03 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The theme of the volume reflects the fact that changes in society lead to changes in language and vice versa. Focusing on the English language, be it from Old English to the present, or a shorter time span in the immediate past, the contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. The cross-fertilization of cultural studies and corpus linguistics, we hope, is beneficial for both parties, as corpus linguistics offers a vast array of materials and methods to investigate cultural and societal change, while cultural studies provide the theoretical background on which to build our research. The studies included in the present volume illustrate the potential avenues and the merits of combining changing language and changing societies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.96.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205438.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205438.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.96.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.96.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.96.ack 06 10.1075/scl.96.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code scl.96.int 06 10.1075/scl.96.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Corpora and the changing society Corpora and the changing society 1 A01 01 JB code 893401609 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/893401609 2 A01 01 JB code 925401610 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/925401610 3 A01 01 JB code 166401611 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/166401611 01 01 JB code scl.96.p1 06 10.1075/scl.96.p1 4 140 137 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Changing society Part I. Changing society 01 01 JB code scl.96.01hil 06 10.1075/scl.96.01hil 3 28 26 Chapter 4 01 04 The great temptation The great temptation 01 04 What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change 1 A01 01 JB code 116401612 Martin Hilpert Hilpert, Martin Martin Hilpert University of Neuchâtel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/116401612 30 00

This paper examines the potential large diachronic corpora hold for the study of social change. Resources such as COHA or Google Books allow us to detect shifts in the frequencies of linguistic elements, which can then be interpreted as reflections of developments in society. This paper addresses the practicalities of this question in two parts. The theoretical part surveys a series of problems that need to be controlled for in analyses of diachronic textual data. The second part implements these ideas in a study of the English make-causative over the past 150 years. Examining the variables of animacy and verb semantics, the study explores whether the diminishing social value of interpersonal authority is reflected in changing patterns of language use.

01 01 JB code scl.96.02sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.02sch 29 56 28 Chapter 5 01 04 Changes in society and language Changes in society and language 01 04 Charting poverty Charting poverty 1 A01 01 JB code 574401613 Gerold Schneider Schneider, Gerold Gerold Schneider University of Zurich 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/574401613 30 00

This study addresses how societal and linguistic changes can be detected using historical corpora, with the topics of poverty and industrial revolution as a case study, based on large historical corpora, in particular EEBO, and CLMET3.0. The results, based on a rich array of state-of-the art statistical approaches (such as kernel density estimation), show how poverty, industrial revolution, and urbanization are associated through, for instance, the associations of war, religion, family, poverty, and suffering. The study also discusses the importance of data size and cleanness, the temptations of distant reading, and the necessity for validating the discovered patterns in close reading and distant reading in interaction.

01 01 JB code scl.96.03rat 06 10.1075/scl.96.03rat 57 78 22 Chapter 6 01 04 Finding evidence for a changing society Finding evidence for a changing society 01 04 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500-1800 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500–1800 1 A01 01 JB code 225401614 Maura Ratia Ratia, Maura Maura Ratia University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/225401614 30 00

This chapter examines, with the help of collocation analysis, how patients were viewed in medical texts from 1500 to 1800. Previous studies have suggested that this period witnessed considerable changes in society. The field of medicine also underwent major developments during this time, but linguistic analyses have been lacking. Two corpora were used in the study: the Corpus of Early Modern English Medical Texts and the Corpus of Late Modern English Medical Texts, together totaling over 4.2 million words. The results indicate a development from the patient as an object of various treatments and cures in the early modern period to patient as experiencer in the late modern period. The growing importance of hospitals and public health in the latter era also emerges from the results.

01 01 JB code scl.96.04ren 06 10.1075/scl.96.04ren 79 112 34 Chapter 7 01 04 Semantic neology Semantic neology 01 04 Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change 1 A01 01 JB code 880401615 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf Birmingham City University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/880401615 30 00

This study deals with contemporary real-world social change and its linguistic expression by means of neosemes, with the help of the WebCorpLSE automated collocation analysis software. The study briefly outlines the history and pattern of diffusion of each of the five user-defined neosemes, noting where possible the tipping point of popularization. We examine these modern neosemes in a series of case studies, focussing on the challenges faced in this task, for instance in the form of rarity of occurrence, as emergent or ephemeral formations. The functionality of the software is examined in each case, in order to demonstrate various measures which can be undertaken to allow or enhance its performance in teasing out collocational profiles from sparse data.

01 01 JB code scl.96.05bro 06 10.1075/scl.96.05bro 113 140 28 Chapter 8 01 04 From burden to threat From burden to threat 01 04 A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press 1 A01 01 JB code 314401616 Gavin Brookes Brookes, Gavin Gavin Brookes Lancaster University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/314401616 2 A01 01 JB code 620401617 David Wright Wright, David David Wright Nottingham Trent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/620401617 30 00

This chapter focuses on the ways in which non-native English speakers living in Britain are represented in the British press, and in particular on how these representations have changed between 2005 and 2017. Using a corpus-assisted approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, collocation patterns of the phrase speak English reveal that migrants are represented in different ways across the 13-year period, which sees the levels of blame, threat and exclusion levelled at migrants increase and change shape over the years. This chapter builds on previous work by the authors, and emphasizes the importance of re-visiting and adding to corpora when analyzing dynamic discourses, and identifies two different ways in which change can manifest in collocation analysis: through the identification of occasional ‘seasonal’ collocates, and via consistent collocates being part of different representational patterns.

01 01 JB code scl.96.p2 06 10.1075/scl.96.p2 141 302 162 Section header 9 01 04 Part II. Changing language Part II. Changing language 01 01 JB code scl.96.06aij 06 10.1075/scl.96.06aij 143 168 26 Chapter 10 01 04 That's absolutely fine That’s absolutely fine 01 04 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 1 A01 01 JB code 337401618 Karin Aijmer Aijmer, Karin Karin Aijmer University of Gothenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/337401618 30 00

This chapter investigates the meanings and functions of the intensifier absolutely, both synchronically and diachronically. The research questions are asked against the background of absolutely becoming more frequent over a short period of time as shown by a comparison of the BNC1994 and the BNC2014. The results show that the developments undergone by absolutely can be described as a trajectory from degree modifier to emphasizer and to discourse marker, as absolutely increases in subjectivity. The description of the semantic and pragmatic developments also requires a sociolinguistic analysis of factors such as age and gender. The analysis shows that young speakers use it less often than older speakers and that it was first used by male speakers and only later by females.

01 01 JB code scl.96.07bla 06 10.1075/scl.96.07bla 169 198 30 Chapter 11 01 04 Two sides of the same coin? Two sides of the same coin? 01 04 Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal 1 A01 01 JB code 6401619 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez University of Cantabria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/6401619 30 00

This chapter presents a corpus-based study on the origin and development of two death-related intensifiers: the adjectives and adverbs deadly and mortal. The historical sources consulted reveal that these forms have progressively adopted more general meanings, that is, they have come to be grammaticalized as intensifiers over time. Two semantic variables, type of meaning (descriptive, affective, or intensifying, along the lines of Adamson 2000) and semantic prosody (Stubbs 1995), were central to the collocational diachronic analysis undertaken here. The study focuses on British English and covers the history of deadly and mortal from their origins in Old English and Middle English, respectively, to the 20th century.

01 01 JB code scl.96.08iye 06 10.1075/scl.96.08iye 199 222 24 Chapter 12 01 04 So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 472401620 Yoko Iyeiri Iyeiri, Yoko Yoko Iyeiri Kyoto University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/472401620 30 00

This chapter traces the increase of -ingly adverbs from Late Middle to Early Modern English. Not only the frequency and versatility but also the functions of -ingly adverbs expanded in this period: from the modification of adjectives, adverbs, and verbs (found both in the Middle and Early Modern English data) to the modification of the whole sentence (found only in the Early Modern English data). Sentential adverbs of the commenting type (disjuncts) are still absent throughout the entire period of this study. Finally, this chapter discusses some -ingly adverbs of the so-called “Harry Potter” type, suggesting that their development is earlier than assumed in previous studies.

01 01 JB code scl.96.09sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.09sch 223 250 28 Chapter 13 01 04 Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre 1 A01 01 JB code 983401621 Martin Schweinberger Schweinberger, Martin Martin Schweinberger University of Queensland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/983401621 30 00

This study examines the diachronic development of amplification of adjectives in American English (AmE), specifically in the fiction section of the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). The results show that amplifier use in attributive contexts remains stable, while, in predicative contexts, so has increased significantly since the 1980s and has replaced very as the dominant amplifier. This development contrasts with ongoing change in other regional varieties of English where really, rather than so, has become the dominant amplifier of adjectives during the latter half of the 20th century. The results show that so and very are semantically highly similar and that the increase in so is mostly based on its co-occurrence with good.

01 01 JB code scl.96.10bri 06 10.1075/scl.96.10bri 251 276 26 Chapter 14 01 04 The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker 01 04 That is not to say (that) That is not to say (that) 1 A01 01 JB code 534401622 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia, Vancouver 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/534401622 30 00

That is not to say (that) is an introductory clause refuting an inference that could be drawn from the previous discourse; it often occurs in a negative context (with a positive reading) and is characteristic of written genres, with lowest frequency in fiction. The earliest examples date from the 16th century but the next examples found date from the mid- to late-19th century. The gap in the corpus data may be explained by the predominantly fiction/drama make-up of available corpora. The development of that is not to say (that) is not an entirely prototypical case of grammaticalization as certain parameters (loss of that, contracted forms) are inconclusive and there are no ‘lexical’ uses of the form and hence no ‘divergence’.

01 01 JB code scl.96.11var 06 10.1075/scl.96.11var 277 302 26 Chapter 15 01 04 Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 3401623 Turo Vartiainen Vartiainen, Turo Turo Vartiainen University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/3401623 2 A01 01 JB code 302401624 Mikko Höglund Höglund, Mikko Mikko Höglund Stockholm University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/302401624 30 00

This chapter seeks to establish if the Transitivity Hypothesis (Hopper & Thompson 1980) can explain the variation in the use of two reflexive strategies with the verb sit in Early Modern English (e.g. I sat me down/I sat myself down) and the verb’s subsequent transitivization (e.g. he sat me down). By studying data from large historical corpora, we will re-evaluate the results of earlier research and establish why sit continued to be used with the simple reflexive strategy (i.e. with object pronouns) until the Late Modern period. In our analysis of the transitivization of sit (down), we focus on both micro-level semantic and syntactic factors and more general developments that have supported the transitivization of verbs in Late Modern English.

01 01 JB code scl.96.ind 06 10.1075/scl.96.ind 303 305 3 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.96 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20200408 C 2020 John Benjamins D 2020 John Benjamins 02 WORLD WORLD US CA MX 09 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 21 74 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 99.00 EUR 02 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 01 Z 0 GBP GB US CA MX 01 01 JB 2 John Benjamins Publishing Company +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 21 74 20 01 00 Unqualified price 02 JB 1 02 149.00 USD
705026661 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 96 GE 15 9789027261311 06 10.1075/scl.96 13 2020002385 00 EA E133 10 01 JB code SCL 02 JB code 1388-0373 02 96.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 01 01 Corpora and the Changing Society Corpora and the Changing Society 1 B01 01 JB code 37348360 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 2 B01 01 JB code 435348361 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 3 B01 01 JB code 55348362 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 01 eng 11 317 03 03 xii 03 00 305 03 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 10 LAN009010 12 CF/2AB 01 06 02 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. 03 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The theme of the volume reflects the fact that changes in society lead to changes in language and vice versa. Focusing on the English language, be it from Old English to the present, or a shorter time span in the immediate past, the contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. The cross-fertilization of cultural studies and corpus linguistics, we hope, is beneficial for both parties, as corpus linguistics offers a vast array of materials and methods to investigate cultural and societal change, while cultural studies provide the theoretical background on which to build our research. The studies included in the present volume illustrate the potential avenues and the merits of combining changing language and changing societies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.96.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205438.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205438.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.96.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.96.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.96.ack 06 10.1075/scl.96.ack vii vii 1 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code scl.96.int 06 10.1075/scl.96.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Corpora and the changing society Corpora and the changing society 1 A01 01 JB code 893401609 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 2 A01 01 JB code 925401610 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 3 A01 01 JB code 166401611 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 01 01 JB code scl.96.p1 06 10.1075/scl.96.p1 4 140 137 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Changing society Part I. Changing society 01 01 JB code scl.96.01hil 06 10.1075/scl.96.01hil 3 27 25 Chapter 4 01 04 The great temptation The great temptation 01 04 What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change 1 A01 01 JB code 116401612 Martin Hilpert Hilpert, Martin Martin Hilpert University of Neuchâtel 01 01 JB code scl.96.02sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.02sch 29 56 28 Chapter 5 01 04 Changes in society and language Changes in society and language 01 04 Charting poverty Charting poverty 1 A01 01 JB code 574401613 Gerold Schneider Schneider, Gerold Gerold Schneider University of Zurich 01 01 JB code scl.96.03rat 06 10.1075/scl.96.03rat 57 78 22 Chapter 6 01 04 Finding evidence for a changing society Finding evidence for a changing society 01 04 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500-1800 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500–1800 1 A01 01 JB code 225401614 Maura Ratia Ratia, Maura Maura Ratia University of Helsinki 01 01 JB code scl.96.04ren 06 10.1075/scl.96.04ren 79 111 33 Chapter 7 01 04 Semantic neology Semantic neology 01 04 Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change 1 A01 01 JB code 880401615 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf Birmingham City University 01 01 JB code scl.96.05bro 06 10.1075/scl.96.05bro 113 140 28 Chapter 8 01 04 From burden to threat From burden to threat 01 04 A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press 1 A01 01 JB code 314401616 Gavin Brookes Brookes, Gavin Gavin Brookes Lancaster University 2 A01 01 JB code 620401617 David Wright Wright, David David Wright Nottingham Trent University 01 01 JB code scl.96.p2 06 10.1075/scl.96.p2 141 302 162 Section header 9 01 04 Part II. Changing language Part II. Changing language 01 01 JB code scl.96.06aij 06 10.1075/scl.96.06aij 143 167 25 Chapter 10 01 04 That's absolutely fine That’s absolutely fine 01 04 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 1 A01 01 JB code 337401618 Karin Aijmer Aijmer, Karin Karin Aijmer University of Gothenburg 01 01 JB code scl.96.07bla 06 10.1075/scl.96.07bla 169 197 29 Chapter 11 01 04 Two sides of the same coin? Two sides of the same coin? 01 04 Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal 1 A01 01 JB code 6401619 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez University of Cantabria 01 01 JB code scl.96.08iye 06 10.1075/scl.96.08iye 199 222 24 Chapter 12 01 04 So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 472401620 Yoko Iyeiri Iyeiri, Yoko Yoko Iyeiri Kyoto University 01 01 JB code scl.96.09sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.09sch 223 249 27 Chapter 13 01 04 Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre 1 A01 01 JB code 983401621 Martin Schweinberger Schweinberger, Martin Martin Schweinberger University of Queensland 01 01 JB code scl.96.10bri 06 10.1075/scl.96.10bri 251 275 25 Chapter 14 01 04 The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker 01 04 That is not to say (that) That is not to say (that) 1 A01 01 JB code 534401622 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia, Vancouver 01 01 JB code scl.96.11var 06 10.1075/scl.96.11var 277 302 26 Chapter 15 01 04 Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 3401623 Turo Vartiainen Vartiainen, Turo Turo Vartiainen University of Helsinki 2 A01 01 JB code 302401624 Mikko Höglund Höglund, Mikko Mikko Höglund Stockholm University 01 01 JB code scl.96.ind 06 10.1075/scl.96.ind 303 305 3 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Index Index 01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20200408 C 2020 John Benjamins D 2020 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027205438 WORLD 03 01 JB 17 Google 03 https://play.google.com/store/books 21 01 00 Unqualified price 00 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 00 83.00 GBP 01 00 Unqualified price 00 149.00 USD 995019088 03 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCL 96 Eb 15 9789027261311 06 10.1075/scl.96 13 2020002385 00 EA E107 10 01 JB code SCL 02 1388-0373 02 96.00 01 02 Studies in Corpus Linguistics Studies in Corpus Linguistics 11 01 JB code jbe-all 01 02 Full EBA collection (ca. 4,200 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2023 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2023 (ca. 700 titles, starting 2018) 11 01 JB code jbe-2020 01 02 2020 collection (131 titles) 11 01 JB code jbe-eba-2024 01 02 Compact EBA Collection 2024 (ca. 600 titles, starting 2019) 01 01 Corpora and the Changing Society Studies in the evolution of English Corpora and the Changing Society: Studies in the evolution of English 1 B01 01 JB code 37348360 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/37348360 2 B01 01 JB code 435348361 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/435348361 3 B01 01 JB code 55348362 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/55348362 01 eng 11 317 03 03 xii 03 00 305 03 01 23 420.9 03 2020 PE1074.5 04 English language--Grammar--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Research--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Discourse analysis--Data processing--Congresses. 04 English language--Variation--History--Congresses. 04 English language--Social aspects--Congresses. 04 Computational linguistics--Congresses. 10 LAN009010 12 CF/2AB 24 JB code LIN.CORP Corpus linguistics 24 JB code LIN.ENG English linguistics 24 JB code LIN.GERM Germanic linguistics 24 JB code LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB code LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 01 06 02 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. 03 00 This book showcases eleven studies dealing with corpora and the changing society. The theme of the volume reflects the fact that changes in society lead to changes in language and vice versa. Focusing on the English language, be it from Old English to the present, or a shorter time span in the immediate past, the contributors in this volume use a variety of corpus methods to address the two patterns of change. The cross-fertilization of cultural studies and corpus linguistics, we hope, is beneficial for both parties, as corpus linguistics offers a vast array of materials and methods to investigate cultural and societal change, while cultural studies provide the theoretical background on which to build our research. The studies included in the present volume illustrate the potential avenues and the merits of combining changing language and changing societies. 01 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scl.96.png 01 01 D502 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027205438.jpg 01 01 D504 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027205438.tif 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scl.96.png 02 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scl.96.hb.png 03 00 03 01 01 D503 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scl.96.hb.png 01 01 JB code scl.96.ack 06 10.1075/scl.96.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 1 01 04 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 01 01 JB code scl.96.int 06 10.1075/scl.96.int ix xii 4 Chapter 2 01 04 Introduction Introduction 01 04 Corpora and the changing society Corpora and the changing society 1 A01 01 JB code 893401609 Paula Rautionaho Rautionaho, Paula Paula Rautionaho University of Eastern Finland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/893401609 2 A01 01 JB code 925401610 Arja Nurmi Nurmi, Arja Arja Nurmi Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/925401610 3 A01 01 JB code 166401611 Juhani Klemola Klemola, Juhani Juhani Klemola Tampere University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/166401611 01 01 JB code scl.96.p1 06 10.1075/scl.96.p1 4 140 137 Section header 3 01 04 Part I. Changing society Part I. Changing society 01 01 JB code scl.96.01hil 06 10.1075/scl.96.01hil 3 28 26 Chapter 4 01 04 The great temptation The great temptation 01 04 What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change 1 A01 01 JB code 116401612 Martin Hilpert Hilpert, Martin Martin Hilpert University of Neuchâtel 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/116401612 30 00

This paper examines the potential large diachronic corpora hold for the study of social change. Resources such as COHA or Google Books allow us to detect shifts in the frequencies of linguistic elements, which can then be interpreted as reflections of developments in society. This paper addresses the practicalities of this question in two parts. The theoretical part surveys a series of problems that need to be controlled for in analyses of diachronic textual data. The second part implements these ideas in a study of the English make-causative over the past 150 years. Examining the variables of animacy and verb semantics, the study explores whether the diminishing social value of interpersonal authority is reflected in changing patterns of language use.

01 01 JB code scl.96.02sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.02sch 29 56 28 Chapter 5 01 04 Changes in society and language Changes in society and language 01 04 Charting poverty Charting poverty 1 A01 01 JB code 574401613 Gerold Schneider Schneider, Gerold Gerold Schneider University of Zurich 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/574401613 30 00

This study addresses how societal and linguistic changes can be detected using historical corpora, with the topics of poverty and industrial revolution as a case study, based on large historical corpora, in particular EEBO, and CLMET3.0. The results, based on a rich array of state-of-the art statistical approaches (such as kernel density estimation), show how poverty, industrial revolution, and urbanization are associated through, for instance, the associations of war, religion, family, poverty, and suffering. The study also discusses the importance of data size and cleanness, the temptations of distant reading, and the necessity for validating the discovered patterns in close reading and distant reading in interaction.

01 01 JB code scl.96.03rat 06 10.1075/scl.96.03rat 57 78 22 Chapter 6 01 04 Finding evidence for a changing society Finding evidence for a changing society 01 04 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500-1800 A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500–1800 1 A01 01 JB code 225401614 Maura Ratia Ratia, Maura Maura Ratia University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/225401614 30 00

This chapter examines, with the help of collocation analysis, how patients were viewed in medical texts from 1500 to 1800. Previous studies have suggested that this period witnessed considerable changes in society. The field of medicine also underwent major developments during this time, but linguistic analyses have been lacking. Two corpora were used in the study: the Corpus of Early Modern English Medical Texts and the Corpus of Late Modern English Medical Texts, together totaling over 4.2 million words. The results indicate a development from the patient as an object of various treatments and cures in the early modern period to patient as experiencer in the late modern period. The growing importance of hospitals and public health in the latter era also emerges from the results.

01 01 JB code scl.96.04ren 06 10.1075/scl.96.04ren 79 112 34 Chapter 7 01 04 Semantic neology Semantic neology 01 04 Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change 1 A01 01 JB code 880401615 Antoinette Renouf Renouf, Antoinette Antoinette Renouf Birmingham City University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/880401615 30 00

This study deals with contemporary real-world social change and its linguistic expression by means of neosemes, with the help of the WebCorpLSE automated collocation analysis software. The study briefly outlines the history and pattern of diffusion of each of the five user-defined neosemes, noting where possible the tipping point of popularization. We examine these modern neosemes in a series of case studies, focussing on the challenges faced in this task, for instance in the form of rarity of occurrence, as emergent or ephemeral formations. The functionality of the software is examined in each case, in order to demonstrate various measures which can be undertaken to allow or enhance its performance in teasing out collocational profiles from sparse data.

01 01 JB code scl.96.05bro 06 10.1075/scl.96.05bro 113 140 28 Chapter 8 01 04 From burden to threat From burden to threat 01 04 A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press 1 A01 01 JB code 314401616 Gavin Brookes Brookes, Gavin Gavin Brookes Lancaster University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/314401616 2 A01 01 JB code 620401617 David Wright Wright, David David Wright Nottingham Trent University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/620401617 30 00

This chapter focuses on the ways in which non-native English speakers living in Britain are represented in the British press, and in particular on how these representations have changed between 2005 and 2017. Using a corpus-assisted approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, collocation patterns of the phrase speak English reveal that migrants are represented in different ways across the 13-year period, which sees the levels of blame, threat and exclusion levelled at migrants increase and change shape over the years. This chapter builds on previous work by the authors, and emphasizes the importance of re-visiting and adding to corpora when analyzing dynamic discourses, and identifies two different ways in which change can manifest in collocation analysis: through the identification of occasional ‘seasonal’ collocates, and via consistent collocates being part of different representational patterns.

01 01 JB code scl.96.p2 06 10.1075/scl.96.p2 141 302 162 Section header 9 01 04 Part II. Changing language Part II. Changing language 01 01 JB code scl.96.06aij 06 10.1075/scl.96.06aij 143 168 26 Chapter 10 01 04 That's absolutely fine That’s absolutely fine 01 04 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 1 A01 01 JB code 337401618 Karin Aijmer Aijmer, Karin Karin Aijmer University of Gothenburg 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/337401618 30 00

This chapter investigates the meanings and functions of the intensifier absolutely, both synchronically and diachronically. The research questions are asked against the background of absolutely becoming more frequent over a short period of time as shown by a comparison of the BNC1994 and the BNC2014. The results show that the developments undergone by absolutely can be described as a trajectory from degree modifier to emphasizer and to discourse marker, as absolutely increases in subjectivity. The description of the semantic and pragmatic developments also requires a sociolinguistic analysis of factors such as age and gender. The analysis shows that young speakers use it less often than older speakers and that it was first used by male speakers and only later by females.

01 01 JB code scl.96.07bla 06 10.1075/scl.96.07bla 169 198 30 Chapter 11 01 04 Two sides of the same coin? Two sides of the same coin? 01 04 Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal 1 A01 01 JB code 6401619 Zeltia Blanco-Suárez Blanco-Suárez, Zeltia Zeltia Blanco-Suárez University of Cantabria 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/6401619 30 00

This chapter presents a corpus-based study on the origin and development of two death-related intensifiers: the adjectives and adverbs deadly and mortal. The historical sources consulted reveal that these forms have progressively adopted more general meanings, that is, they have come to be grammaticalized as intensifiers over time. Two semantic variables, type of meaning (descriptive, affective, or intensifying, along the lines of Adamson 2000) and semantic prosody (Stubbs 1995), were central to the collocational diachronic analysis undertaken here. The study focuses on British English and covers the history of deadly and mortal from their origins in Old English and Middle English, respectively, to the 20th century.

01 01 JB code scl.96.08iye 06 10.1075/scl.96.08iye 199 222 24 Chapter 12 01 04 So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 472401620 Yoko Iyeiri Iyeiri, Yoko Yoko Iyeiri Kyoto University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/472401620 30 00

This chapter traces the increase of -ingly adverbs from Late Middle to Early Modern English. Not only the frequency and versatility but also the functions of -ingly adverbs expanded in this period: from the modification of adjectives, adverbs, and verbs (found both in the Middle and Early Modern English data) to the modification of the whole sentence (found only in the Early Modern English data). Sentential adverbs of the commenting type (disjuncts) are still absent throughout the entire period of this study. Finally, this chapter discusses some -ingly adverbs of the so-called “Harry Potter” type, suggesting that their development is earlier than assumed in previous studies.

01 01 JB code scl.96.09sch 06 10.1075/scl.96.09sch 223 250 28 Chapter 13 01 04 Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre 1 A01 01 JB code 983401621 Martin Schweinberger Schweinberger, Martin Martin Schweinberger University of Queensland 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/983401621 30 00

This study examines the diachronic development of amplification of adjectives in American English (AmE), specifically in the fiction section of the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). The results show that amplifier use in attributive contexts remains stable, while, in predicative contexts, so has increased significantly since the 1980s and has replaced very as the dominant amplifier. This development contrasts with ongoing change in other regional varieties of English where really, rather than so, has become the dominant amplifier of adjectives during the latter half of the 20th century. The results show that so and very are semantically highly similar and that the increase in so is mostly based on its co-occurrence with good.

01 01 JB code scl.96.10bri 06 10.1075/scl.96.10bri 251 276 26 Chapter 14 01 04 The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker 01 04 That is not to say (that) That is not to say (that) 1 A01 01 JB code 534401622 Laurel J. Brinton Brinton, Laurel J. Laurel J. Brinton University of British Columbia, Vancouver 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/534401622 30 00

That is not to say (that) is an introductory clause refuting an inference that could be drawn from the previous discourse; it often occurs in a negative context (with a positive reading) and is characteristic of written genres, with lowest frequency in fiction. The earliest examples date from the 16th century but the next examples found date from the mid- to late-19th century. The gap in the corpus data may be explained by the predominantly fiction/drama make-up of available corpora. The development of that is not to say (that) is not an entirely prototypical case of grammaticalization as certain parameters (loss of that, contracted forms) are inconclusive and there are no ‘lexical’ uses of the form and hence no ‘divergence’.

01 01 JB code scl.96.11var 06 10.1075/scl.96.11var 277 302 26 Chapter 15 01 04 Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English 1 A01 01 JB code 3401623 Turo Vartiainen Vartiainen, Turo Turo Vartiainen University of Helsinki 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/3401623 2 A01 01 JB code 302401624 Mikko Höglund Höglund, Mikko Mikko Höglund Stockholm University 07 https://benjamins.com/catalog/persons/302401624 30 00

This chapter seeks to establish if the Transitivity Hypothesis (Hopper & Thompson 1980) can explain the variation in the use of two reflexive strategies with the verb sit in Early Modern English (e.g. I sat me down/I sat myself down) and the verb’s subsequent transitivization (e.g. he sat me down). By studying data from large historical corpora, we will re-evaluate the results of earlier research and establish why sit continued to be used with the simple reflexive strategy (i.e. with object pronouns) until the Late Modern period. In our analysis of the transitivization of sit (down), we focus on both micro-level semantic and syntactic factors and more general developments that have supported the transitivization of verbs in Late Modern English.

01 01 JB code scl.96.ind 06 10.1075/scl.96.ind 303 305 3 Miscellaneous 16 01 04 Index Index
01 JB code JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 01 JB code JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scl.96 Amsterdam NL 00 John Benjamins Publishing Company Marketing Department / Karin Plijnaar, Pieter Lamers onix@benjamins.nl 04 01 00 20200408 C 2020 John Benjamins D 2020 John Benjamins 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027205438 WORLD 09 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 https://jbe-platform.com 29 https://jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027261311 21 01 00 Unqualified price 02 99.00 EUR 01 00 Unqualified price 02 83.00 GBP GB 01 00 Unqualified price 02 149.00 USD