267019004
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JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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JB code
SCLD 10 Eb
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9789027262981
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10.1075/scld.10
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2019000745
DG
002
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SCLD
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1879-5382
Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse
10
01
Current Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse
Global context and diverse perspectives
01
scld.10
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/scld.10
1
B01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
2
B01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney
01
eng
310
xi
298
LAN009030
v.2006
CF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SITIB
Sino-Tibetan languages
06
01
This volume features a discourse empirical orientation from diverse perspectives and various methodologies, in which narratives, interviews, surveys, and large-scale databases or self-created written and spoken corpora are employed and analyzed to gain a better understanding of new developments and changes in Chinese language and discourse. Authors employ updated approaches from a variety of fields, including applied linguistics, functional linguistics, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics, to describe the structure of Chinese language and discourse and to examine its critical issues, many focusing on globalization-induced language developments and changes. With an empirically-based discourse/socio-cultural approach, this collection makes valuable contributions to research on Chinese language and discourse and serves as a sound reference for Chinese researchers and educators in diverse fields such as Chinese language and discourse, Chinese linguistics and language education, Chinese multiculturalism, and more.
05
By showcasing the latest studies in Chinese language and discourse, this volume is a valuable asset to researchers in Chinese discourse and practitioners in language education.
Ruihua Zhao, Sun Yat-sen University, in Language in Society 49:1 (2020)
05
This book is praiseworthy for many aspects. To begin with, the clear and logical layout of the 13 chapters, the insightful revelation with solid-data evidence, and a wide range of authentic spoken and written corpora secure this book to be a resourceful reference for language researchers and educators. Also, for readers without much previous knowledge in the study of language and discourse, the systematic theoretical and methodological framework of this book tend to be reader friendly and horizon broadening. Moreover, readers are provided with an opportunity to perceive key linguistic issues in the context of globalization. Scholars will be synchronized with significant linguistic research focus and inclination.
Chao Lu, University of Science and Technology Beijing, in International Journal of Communication (IJoC) 14 (2020).
04
09
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viii
xi
4
Miscellaneous
1
01
Contributors
10
01
JB code
scld.10.01xia
2
4
3
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. Chinese discourse from diverse perspectives
An introduction
1
A01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
2
A01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney
10
01
JB code
scld.10.02xia
6
25
20
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 2. New words in contemporary Chinese language use
Linguistic features and formation processes
1
A01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
20
abbreviation
20
blending
20
clipping
20
coinage
20
formation processes
20
lexicalization
20
morpheme
20
numerical formulae
20
word length
20
word structure
01
This study analyzes the linguistic features and word formation processes of the new words in <i>The List of New Words Used in Media 2015</i>. The results show that the average word length of the 446 new words used in media 2015 is 3.34, with both 3- and 4-morpheme words hovering around 40% of the total and 2-morpheme words under 17%. The majority of the 2-morpheme new words parallel the Chinese syntactic patterns, such as [modifier + modified], [subject + predicate], [verb + object], and [verb + verb]. The major processes involved in the 4-morpheme word formation are blending, abbreviation, coinage, and numerical formulae. In the blending and abbreviation processes, large chunks of information are clipped off to maintain the [2+2] 4-morpheme word length pattern. In addition, like many other newly-created usages, the case of 互联网+ shows that, in language change, new words can be created through grammaticalization and various types of derivational morphology, involving the creation of new affixes.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.03tao
28
56
29
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 3. Usage based language change and exemplar representations in Beijing Mandarin Chinese
1
A01
Liang Tao
Tao, Liang
Liang
Tao
Ohio University
20
bu35shixma (xxxx)?
20
chunking
20
discourse-functional linguistics
20
frequency
20
grammaticalization
20
Mandarin tones
20
phonological fusion
20
phono-syntactic conspiracy
01
This study offers support to usage-based studies to promote the importance of everyday language use in language development and grammaticalization. Specifically, the study presents a new construction in Beijing Mandarin Chinese that currently co-occurs with its original form, both in spoken language and written texts. The change is another instance of phono-syntactic conspiracy (Tao 2002, 2006, 2009). It starts from phonological reduction and ends in a syntactic change of a highly frequently used rhetorical question 不是…吗: ‘Isn’t it the case that….’ However, the process differs from previous findings (Bybee 2010) in that the grammaticalization process involves usage frequency as well as cognitive, cultural and social factors. The findings further support the view that language and grammar are fostered and conditioned through human communication.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.04li
58
79
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 4. Contextual variations of internal and external modifications in Chinese requests
Effects of power and imposition
1
A01
Shuai Li
Li, Shuai
Shuai
Li
Georgia State University
20
Chinese
20
contextual variation
20
imposition
20
modifications
20
power
20
request
20
sequential organization
01
This study investigates contextual variations in mitigation production (consisting of internal and external modifications) in Chinese request-making (i.e., what native Chinese speakers consider appropriate to say in hypothetical scenarios). The participants were 22 native Chinese speakers recruited from a university in China. They completed a 20-item Oral Discourse Completion Test (ODCT) tapping two contextual variables: power and imposition. The results show that: (1) both power and imposition exerted significant influence on the frequency of producing internal and external modifications, (2) the various internal and external modifiers were differentially associated with the two contextual variables, and (3) the preferred sequential organization of external modifications differed according to context types.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.05li
82
103
22
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 5. Some interactional functions of <i>Yinwei</i>-clauses in Mandarin Chinese conversation
1
A01
Xiaoting Li
Li, Xiaoting
Xiaoting
Li
University of Alberta, Canada
2
A01
Jie Luo
Luo, Jie
Jie
Luo
University of Calgary, Canada
20
accounts for prior actions
20
assertion
20
conversation analysis
20
disagreement
20
interactional linguistics
20
Mandarin
20
parentheticals
20
yinwei
01
<i>Yinwei</i> ‘because’ is a causal conjunction or preposition indicating a causal relation between two clauses, NPs and other discourse units in Mandarin Chinese. Building on the previous research, this study examines how <i>yinwei</i> is used by conversational participants to organize talk and accomplish interactional tasks in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, this study examines 11 hours of everyday Mandarin conversational data, and explores the interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses. An examination of the data shows that <i>yinwei</i>-clauses have a variety of interactional functions in everyday Mandarin conversation. Two particular interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses are accounts for a speaker’s prior action such as disagreement and strong assertion, and parentheticals providing background information related to the ongoing talk.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.06lim
106
136
31
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 6. Preliminaries to delicate matters
Some functions of “I say to you” sequences in Mandarin Chinese conversations
1
A01
Ni-Eng Lim
Lim, Ni-Eng
Ni-Eng
Lim
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
20
conversation analysis
20
interactional linguistics
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
meta-language units
20
preface
01
The meta-language unit “I say to you” is frequently heard in Mandarin Chinese conversations, and are most commonly expressed as <i>wo gen ni shuo</i> ‘I say to you’, <i>wo gen ni jiang</i> ‘I talk to you’, or <i>wo gaosu ni</i> ‘I tell you’, collectively termed “I-say-to-you” expressions. Quantitative investigations reveal that they are dedicated interactional resources found only in spoken conversation. By using conversation analytic methodology, further examination of their sequential trajectory shows that a core function of “I-say-to-you” expressions is to preface upcoming “delicate” matters, such as dispreferred next action, disagreement or disaffiliative turn, and other actions that may be resistance-implicative for the recipient. As a preface, “I-say-to-you” expressions can be used by the speaker to secure multi-turns space with which to gradually deliver the “delicate” matter and achieve other interactional goals.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.07hau
138
153
16
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 7. Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (建), <i>zao</i> (造), <i>gai</i> (蓋) ‘to build’ revisited
1
A01
Chenhsuan Huang
Huang, Chenhsuan
Chenhsuan
Huang
National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
20
genre variation
20
Mandarin
20
near-synonym
20
regression analysis
20
spoken
20
word length
20
written
01
This study reexamines Mandarin Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (建), <i>zao</i> (造), <i>gai</i> (蓋) ‘to build’ and their shared patterns in written and spoken genres. Three independent variables – including word length of the object NP, preverbal locative phrase, and building purpose – were tested by a logistic regression analysis (Rbrul<b>)</b> to account for the multiple crosscutting and interacting factors that influence language usage. Multivariate analyses show that word length and building purpose can account for the differences among these verbs in both genres. The analyses suggest that the use of <i>jian</i> (建) and <i>zao</i> (造) possess more written properties, while <i>gai</i> (蓋) favors the spoken genre. The current study contributes to a growing number of studies in Chinese near-synonyms by focusing on genre variation.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.08yan
156
176
21
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 8. Constraints on the collocational behaviors of Chinese near-synonyms
A corpus-based analysis
1
A01
Jia Yang
Yang, Jia
Jia
Yang
University of Dayton
20
collocation
20
corpus-based study
20
L2 vocabulary learning
20
near-synonyms
01
This paper reports a corpus-based study to examine how Chinese near-synonyms choose their typical collocates. Near-synonyms commonly misused by English-speaking learners of Chinese were selected for analysis. Results obtained from the corpora (the Chinese Internet Corpus by the University of Leeds and the Lancaster corpus of Mandarin Chinese) indicate that the collocational behaviors of the selected synonyms are constrained by their own semantic, grammatical, prosodic, stylistic and pragmatic features and hence are explainable to second/foreign learners. Findings of this study will contribute to the design of collocation/synonym dictionary as well as the instruction of collocations as a second/foreign language.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.09ren
178
197
20
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 9. Genericity and sentences with an AP state complement in Mandarin Chinese
1
A01
Fei Ren
Ren, Fei
Fei
Ren
Georgetown University
20
episodic
20
generic
20
pragmatics
20
semantics
20
state complement
20
x de
01
This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the generic/episodic interpretation of Chinese sentences containing a state complement (SC) realized by an adjectival phrase (AP). It argues that the generic interpretation of such sentences is a result of the interaction of the semantics of the verb or verb phrase before 得 <i>de</i> (V/VP-得), the AP complement after 得 <i>de</i>, and pragmatic knowledge. A sentence with an AP state complement will be interpreted as generic when the V/VP-得 in the sentence expresses repeatable or sum events, and when it is determined, given one’s pragmatic knowledge and the semantics of the AP complement, that the property or state expressed by the AP can apply to a relevant event or individual in all events expressed by V/VP-得 in general.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.10zhu
200
219
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 10. Kinship metaphors in the Chinese construction A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu/mu</i>
Biology and culture as conceptual basis
1
A01
Lin Zhu
Zhu, Lin
Lin
Zhu
University of Oregon
20
cognitive linguistics
20
corpus linguistics
20
culture
20
experiential basis of cognition
20
kinship metaphor
20
semantics
20
the Chinese language
01
This corpus-driven study focuses on two metaphorically used kinship terms in Modern Chinese, 父 <i>fu</i> ‘father’ and 母 <i>mu</i> ‘mother’. Under investigation are two constructions [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu</i>] ‘A is the father of B’ and [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi mu</i>] ‘A is the mother of B’. It is found that the figurative meanings expressed by <i>mu</i> (mother) are more conventionalized than those expressed by <i>fu</i>. The study shows that <i>mu</i> has higher metaphoricity, and I argue that the degree of metaphoricity of the two kinship terms in Chinese is a function both of the experiential basis of cognition in terms of universal biological phenomenon and of cultural constraints, especially Confucian thoughts, on conceptualization.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.11tsu
222
243
22
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 11. The classification of Chinese time expressions from Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspectives
1
A01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney, Australia
2
A01
Lubei Zhang
Zhang, Lubei
Lubei
Zhang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
20
Chinese circumstantial elements
20
classifications
20
time expressions
01
Time expressions are one of the fundamental concepts of human cognition and communication and thus have been the major concern in many linguistics, applied and developmental psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Klein & Li 2009; Li & Bowerman 1998; Shirai, Slobin, & Weist 1998). A study of time expressions in Modern Chinese (Mandarin) was conducted to explore the common patterns, system networks and realizations from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. The results indicated that (1) time expressions can be classified as extent or location; definite or indefinite, (2) within extent a distinction can be made between duration and frequency; within location there are subcategories of Absolute and Relative; of Rest and Motion (3) the forms used to realize these time elements of time are nominal groups, adverbs and pre-verbal phrases, though not all subcategories of temporal elements are realized by all these forms.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.12wan
246
263
18
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 12. Being a Kam in China
Ethnic identity in narratives
1
A01
Wei Wang
Wang, Wei
Wei
Wang
The University of Sydney, Australia
2
A01
Lisong Jiang
Jiang, Lisong
Lisong
Jiang
Southwest University, China
3
A01
Meishu He
He, Meishu
Meishu
He
Southwest University, China
20
ethnic identity
20
membership categorisation
20
narrative
20
sociolinguistics
20
the Kam people
01
In light of the growing interest in investigating the ethnic minority Kam people in China, this paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis to explore how Kam people’s identity is represented and negotiated in spoken narratives with outside researchers. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to identity analysis (Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et al. 2006; Blommaert 2005) and membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1972a & b, 1992; Baker 2004; Fitzgerald and Housley 2015), this paper explores the relationships between Kam people’s sense of membership in their ethnic community and social practices that define this sense of membership. It focuses on the self-representation of a former Kam village head in a remote village in Southern China, Guizhou Province, and explores his way of conceptualizing being a Kam with a view to examining the relationship between his representation of the ethnic identity and the sociocultural impacts on this identity construction process.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.13goh
266
295
30
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 13. Specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore
1
A01
Hock Huan Goh
Goh, Hock Huan
Hock Huan
Goh
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2
A01
Jinzhan Lin
Lin, Jinzhan
Jinzhan
Lin
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
3
A01
Chunsheng Zhao
Zhao, Chunsheng
Chunsheng
Zhao
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
20
corpus application
20
Singapore Chinese Language Teaching Resource Platform
20
Singapore Daily Written Chinese Corpus
20
Singapore Primary School Children Spoken Chinese Corpus
20
Specialised Corpora for Language Education
01
Corpus linguistics is crucial to language education, but many corpora do not pay enough attention to curriculum and pedagogical needs. To address this issue and in view of Singapore’s unique language environment, the Singapore Centre for Chinese Language built two specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore, which comprise a Written Corpus and a Spoken Corpus. The Written Corpus provides information on Chinese characters, vocabulary words and sentence structures used in written materials daily; while the Spoken Corpus provides guidelines for attainable spoken proficiency of primary school students at different academic levels. With these corpora, curriculum developers can design syllabi with greater precision on the language content and address the learning gap for Chinese language proficiency. As for teachers, an online resource platform developed based on the Written Corpus provides them with authentic materials and practical applications (such as the text grading module) as reliable tools and resources for lesson preparation and learning assessment.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.index
Miscellaneous
15
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20190415
2019
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027202130
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
99.00
EUR
R
01
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
149.00
USD
S
715019003
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SCLD 10 Hb
15
9789027202130
13
2018045383
BB
01
SCLD
02
1879-5382
Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse
10
01
Current Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse
Global context and diverse perspectives
01
scld.10
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/scld.10
1
B01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
2
B01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney
01
eng
310
xi
298
LAN009030
v.2006
CF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.DISC
Discourse studies
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.PRAG
Pragmatics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.SITIB
Sino-Tibetan languages
06
01
This volume features a discourse empirical orientation from diverse perspectives and various methodologies, in which narratives, interviews, surveys, and large-scale databases or self-created written and spoken corpora are employed and analyzed to gain a better understanding of new developments and changes in Chinese language and discourse. Authors employ updated approaches from a variety of fields, including applied linguistics, functional linguistics, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics, to describe the structure of Chinese language and discourse and to examine its critical issues, many focusing on globalization-induced language developments and changes. With an empirically-based discourse/socio-cultural approach, this collection makes valuable contributions to research on Chinese language and discourse and serves as a sound reference for Chinese researchers and educators in diverse fields such as Chinese language and discourse, Chinese linguistics and language education, Chinese multiculturalism, and more.
05
By showcasing the latest studies in Chinese language and discourse, this volume is a valuable asset to researchers in Chinese discourse and practitioners in language education.
Ruihua Zhao, Sun Yat-sen University, in Language in Society 49:1 (2020)
05
This book is praiseworthy for many aspects. To begin with, the clear and logical layout of the 13 chapters, the insightful revelation with solid-data evidence, and a wide range of authentic spoken and written corpora secure this book to be a resourceful reference for language researchers and educators. Also, for readers without much previous knowledge in the study of language and discourse, the systematic theoretical and methodological framework of this book tend to be reader friendly and horizon broadening. Moreover, readers are provided with an opportunity to perceive key linguistic issues in the context of globalization. Scholars will be synchronized with significant linguistic research focus and inclination.
Chao Lu, University of Science and Technology Beijing, in International Journal of Communication (IJoC) 14 (2020).
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scld.10.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027202130.jpg
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027202130.tif
06
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scld.10.hb.png
07
09
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https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scld.10.png
25
09
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27
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scld.10.hb.png
10
01
JB code
scld.10.con
viii
xi
4
Miscellaneous
1
01
Contributors
10
01
JB code
scld.10.01xia
2
4
3
Chapter
2
01
Chapter 1. Chinese discourse from diverse perspectives
An introduction
1
A01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
2
A01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney
10
01
JB code
scld.10.02xia
6
25
20
Chapter
3
01
Chapter 2. New words in contemporary Chinese language use
Linguistic features and formation processes
1
A01
Yun Xiao
Xiao, Yun
Yun
Xiao
Bryant University
20
abbreviation
20
blending
20
clipping
20
coinage
20
formation processes
20
lexicalization
20
morpheme
20
numerical formulae
20
word length
20
word structure
01
This study analyzes the linguistic features and word formation processes of the new words in <i>The List of New Words Used in Media 2015</i>. The results show that the average word length of the 446 new words used in media 2015 is 3.34, with both 3- and 4-morpheme words hovering around 40% of the total and 2-morpheme words under 17%. The majority of the 2-morpheme new words parallel the Chinese syntactic patterns, such as [modifier + modified], [subject + predicate], [verb + object], and [verb + verb]. The major processes involved in the 4-morpheme word formation are blending, abbreviation, coinage, and numerical formulae. In the blending and abbreviation processes, large chunks of information are clipped off to maintain the [2+2] 4-morpheme word length pattern. In addition, like many other newly-created usages, the case of 互联网+ shows that, in language change, new words can be created through grammaticalization and various types of derivational morphology, involving the creation of new affixes.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.03tao
28
56
29
Chapter
4
01
Chapter 3. Usage based language change and exemplar representations in Beijing Mandarin Chinese
1
A01
Liang Tao
Tao, Liang
Liang
Tao
Ohio University
20
bu35shixma (xxxx)?
20
chunking
20
discourse-functional linguistics
20
frequency
20
grammaticalization
20
Mandarin tones
20
phonological fusion
20
phono-syntactic conspiracy
01
This study offers support to usage-based studies to promote the importance of everyday language use in language development and grammaticalization. Specifically, the study presents a new construction in Beijing Mandarin Chinese that currently co-occurs with its original form, both in spoken language and written texts. The change is another instance of phono-syntactic conspiracy (Tao 2002, 2006, 2009). It starts from phonological reduction and ends in a syntactic change of a highly frequently used rhetorical question 不是…吗: ‘Isn’t it the case that….’ However, the process differs from previous findings (Bybee 2010) in that the grammaticalization process involves usage frequency as well as cognitive, cultural and social factors. The findings further support the view that language and grammar are fostered and conditioned through human communication.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.04li
58
79
22
Chapter
5
01
Chapter 4. Contextual variations of internal and external modifications in Chinese requests
Effects of power and imposition
1
A01
Shuai Li
Li, Shuai
Shuai
Li
Georgia State University
20
Chinese
20
contextual variation
20
imposition
20
modifications
20
power
20
request
20
sequential organization
01
This study investigates contextual variations in mitigation production (consisting of internal and external modifications) in Chinese request-making (i.e., what native Chinese speakers consider appropriate to say in hypothetical scenarios). The participants were 22 native Chinese speakers recruited from a university in China. They completed a 20-item Oral Discourse Completion Test (ODCT) tapping two contextual variables: power and imposition. The results show that: (1) both power and imposition exerted significant influence on the frequency of producing internal and external modifications, (2) the various internal and external modifiers were differentially associated with the two contextual variables, and (3) the preferred sequential organization of external modifications differed according to context types.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.05li
82
103
22
Chapter
6
01
Chapter 5. Some interactional functions of <i>Yinwei</i>-clauses in Mandarin Chinese conversation
1
A01
Xiaoting Li
Li, Xiaoting
Xiaoting
Li
University of Alberta, Canada
2
A01
Jie Luo
Luo, Jie
Jie
Luo
University of Calgary, Canada
20
accounts for prior actions
20
assertion
20
conversation analysis
20
disagreement
20
interactional linguistics
20
Mandarin
20
parentheticals
20
yinwei
01
<i>Yinwei</i> ‘because’ is a causal conjunction or preposition indicating a causal relation between two clauses, NPs and other discourse units in Mandarin Chinese. Building on the previous research, this study examines how <i>yinwei</i> is used by conversational participants to organize talk and accomplish interactional tasks in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, this study examines 11 hours of everyday Mandarin conversational data, and explores the interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses. An examination of the data shows that <i>yinwei</i>-clauses have a variety of interactional functions in everyday Mandarin conversation. Two particular interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses are accounts for a speaker’s prior action such as disagreement and strong assertion, and parentheticals providing background information related to the ongoing talk.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.06lim
106
136
31
Chapter
7
01
Chapter 6. Preliminaries to delicate matters
Some functions of “I say to you” sequences in Mandarin Chinese conversations
1
A01
Ni-Eng Lim
Lim, Ni-Eng
Ni-Eng
Lim
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
20
conversation analysis
20
interactional linguistics
20
Mandarin Chinese
20
meta-language units
20
preface
01
The meta-language unit “I say to you” is frequently heard in Mandarin Chinese conversations, and are most commonly expressed as <i>wo gen ni shuo</i> ‘I say to you’, <i>wo gen ni jiang</i> ‘I talk to you’, or <i>wo gaosu ni</i> ‘I tell you’, collectively termed “I-say-to-you” expressions. Quantitative investigations reveal that they are dedicated interactional resources found only in spoken conversation. By using conversation analytic methodology, further examination of their sequential trajectory shows that a core function of “I-say-to-you” expressions is to preface upcoming “delicate” matters, such as dispreferred next action, disagreement or disaffiliative turn, and other actions that may be resistance-implicative for the recipient. As a preface, “I-say-to-you” expressions can be used by the speaker to secure multi-turns space with which to gradually deliver the “delicate” matter and achieve other interactional goals.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.07hau
138
153
16
Chapter
8
01
Chapter 7. Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (建), <i>zao</i> (造), <i>gai</i> (蓋) ‘to build’ revisited
1
A01
Chenhsuan Huang
Huang, Chenhsuan
Chenhsuan
Huang
National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
20
genre variation
20
Mandarin
20
near-synonym
20
regression analysis
20
spoken
20
word length
20
written
01
This study reexamines Mandarin Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (建), <i>zao</i> (造), <i>gai</i> (蓋) ‘to build’ and their shared patterns in written and spoken genres. Three independent variables – including word length of the object NP, preverbal locative phrase, and building purpose – were tested by a logistic regression analysis (Rbrul<b>)</b> to account for the multiple crosscutting and interacting factors that influence language usage. Multivariate analyses show that word length and building purpose can account for the differences among these verbs in both genres. The analyses suggest that the use of <i>jian</i> (建) and <i>zao</i> (造) possess more written properties, while <i>gai</i> (蓋) favors the spoken genre. The current study contributes to a growing number of studies in Chinese near-synonyms by focusing on genre variation.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.08yan
156
176
21
Chapter
9
01
Chapter 8. Constraints on the collocational behaviors of Chinese near-synonyms
A corpus-based analysis
1
A01
Jia Yang
Yang, Jia
Jia
Yang
University of Dayton
20
collocation
20
corpus-based study
20
L2 vocabulary learning
20
near-synonyms
01
This paper reports a corpus-based study to examine how Chinese near-synonyms choose their typical collocates. Near-synonyms commonly misused by English-speaking learners of Chinese were selected for analysis. Results obtained from the corpora (the Chinese Internet Corpus by the University of Leeds and the Lancaster corpus of Mandarin Chinese) indicate that the collocational behaviors of the selected synonyms are constrained by their own semantic, grammatical, prosodic, stylistic and pragmatic features and hence are explainable to second/foreign learners. Findings of this study will contribute to the design of collocation/synonym dictionary as well as the instruction of collocations as a second/foreign language.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.09ren
178
197
20
Chapter
10
01
Chapter 9. Genericity and sentences with an AP state complement in Mandarin Chinese
1
A01
Fei Ren
Ren, Fei
Fei
Ren
Georgetown University
20
episodic
20
generic
20
pragmatics
20
semantics
20
state complement
20
x de
01
This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the generic/episodic interpretation of Chinese sentences containing a state complement (SC) realized by an adjectival phrase (AP). It argues that the generic interpretation of such sentences is a result of the interaction of the semantics of the verb or verb phrase before 得 <i>de</i> (V/VP-得), the AP complement after 得 <i>de</i>, and pragmatic knowledge. A sentence with an AP state complement will be interpreted as generic when the V/VP-得 in the sentence expresses repeatable or sum events, and when it is determined, given one’s pragmatic knowledge and the semantics of the AP complement, that the property or state expressed by the AP can apply to a relevant event or individual in all events expressed by V/VP-得 in general.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.10zhu
200
219
20
Chapter
11
01
Chapter 10. Kinship metaphors in the Chinese construction A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu/mu</i>
Biology and culture as conceptual basis
1
A01
Lin Zhu
Zhu, Lin
Lin
Zhu
University of Oregon
20
cognitive linguistics
20
corpus linguistics
20
culture
20
experiential basis of cognition
20
kinship metaphor
20
semantics
20
the Chinese language
01
This corpus-driven study focuses on two metaphorically used kinship terms in Modern Chinese, 父 <i>fu</i> ‘father’ and 母 <i>mu</i> ‘mother’. Under investigation are two constructions [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu</i>] ‘A is the father of B’ and [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi mu</i>] ‘A is the mother of B’. It is found that the figurative meanings expressed by <i>mu</i> (mother) are more conventionalized than those expressed by <i>fu</i>. The study shows that <i>mu</i> has higher metaphoricity, and I argue that the degree of metaphoricity of the two kinship terms in Chinese is a function both of the experiential basis of cognition in terms of universal biological phenomenon and of cultural constraints, especially Confucian thoughts, on conceptualization.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.11tsu
222
243
22
Chapter
12
01
Chapter 11. The classification of Chinese time expressions from Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspectives
1
A01
Linda Tsung
Tsung, Linda
Linda
Tsung
The University of Sydney, Australia
2
A01
Lubei Zhang
Zhang, Lubei
Lubei
Zhang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
20
Chinese circumstantial elements
20
classifications
20
time expressions
01
Time expressions are one of the fundamental concepts of human cognition and communication and thus have been the major concern in many linguistics, applied and developmental psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Klein & Li 2009; Li & Bowerman 1998; Shirai, Slobin, & Weist 1998). A study of time expressions in Modern Chinese (Mandarin) was conducted to explore the common patterns, system networks and realizations from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. The results indicated that (1) time expressions can be classified as extent or location; definite or indefinite, (2) within extent a distinction can be made between duration and frequency; within location there are subcategories of Absolute and Relative; of Rest and Motion (3) the forms used to realize these time elements of time are nominal groups, adverbs and pre-verbal phrases, though not all subcategories of temporal elements are realized by all these forms.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.12wan
246
263
18
Chapter
13
01
Chapter 12. Being a Kam in China
Ethnic identity in narratives
1
A01
Wei Wang
Wang, Wei
Wei
Wang
The University of Sydney, Australia
2
A01
Lisong Jiang
Jiang, Lisong
Lisong
Jiang
Southwest University, China
3
A01
Meishu He
He, Meishu
Meishu
He
Southwest University, China
20
ethnic identity
20
membership categorisation
20
narrative
20
sociolinguistics
20
the Kam people
01
In light of the growing interest in investigating the ethnic minority Kam people in China, this paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis to explore how Kam people’s identity is represented and negotiated in spoken narratives with outside researchers. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to identity analysis (Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et al. 2006; Blommaert 2005) and membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1972a & b, 1992; Baker 2004; Fitzgerald and Housley 2015), this paper explores the relationships between Kam people’s sense of membership in their ethnic community and social practices that define this sense of membership. It focuses on the self-representation of a former Kam village head in a remote village in Southern China, Guizhou Province, and explores his way of conceptualizing being a Kam with a view to examining the relationship between his representation of the ethnic identity and the sociocultural impacts on this identity construction process.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.13goh
266
295
30
Chapter
14
01
Chapter 13. Specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore
1
A01
Hock Huan Goh
Goh, Hock Huan
Hock Huan
Goh
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2
A01
Jinzhan Lin
Lin, Jinzhan
Jinzhan
Lin
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
3
A01
Chunsheng Zhao
Zhao, Chunsheng
Chunsheng
Zhao
SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
20
corpus application
20
Singapore Chinese Language Teaching Resource Platform
20
Singapore Daily Written Chinese Corpus
20
Singapore Primary School Children Spoken Chinese Corpus
20
Specialised Corpora for Language Education
01
Corpus linguistics is crucial to language education, but many corpora do not pay enough attention to curriculum and pedagogical needs. To address this issue and in view of Singapore’s unique language environment, the Singapore Centre for Chinese Language built two specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore, which comprise a Written Corpus and a Spoken Corpus. The Written Corpus provides information on Chinese characters, vocabulary words and sentence structures used in written materials daily; while the Spoken Corpus provides guidelines for attainable spoken proficiency of primary school students at different academic levels. With these corpora, curriculum developers can design syllabi with greater precision on the language content and address the learning gap for Chinese language proficiency. As for teachers, an online resource platform developed based on the Written Corpus provides them with authentic materials and practical applications (such as the text grading module) as reliable tools and resources for lesson preparation and learning assessment.
10
01
JB code
scld.10.index
Miscellaneous
15
01
Index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20190415
2019
John Benjamins B.V.
02
WORLD
08
695
gr
01
JB
1
John Benjamins Publishing Company
+31 20 6304747
+31 20 6739773
bookorder@benjamins.nl
01
https://benjamins.com
01
WORLD
US CA MX
21
61
26
01
02
JB
1
00
99.00
EUR
R
02
02
JB
1
00
104.94
EUR
R
01
JB
10
bebc
+44 1202 712 934
+44 1202 712 913
sales@bebc.co.uk
03
GB
21
26
02
02
JB
1
00
83.00
GBP
Z
01
JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
+1 703 661-1501
benjamins@presswarehouse.com
01
https://benjamins.com
01
US CA MX
21
1
26
01
gen
02
JB
1
00
149.00
USD