267019004 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCLD 10 Eb 15 9789027262981 06 10.1075/scld.10 13 2019000745 DG 002 02 01 SCLD 02 1879-5382 Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Current Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Global context and diverse perspectives</Subtitle> 01 scld.10 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scld.10 1 B01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 2 B01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney 01 eng 310 xi 298 LAN009030 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SITIB Sino-Tibetan languages 06 01 This volume features a discourse empirical orientation from diverse perspectives and various methodologies, in which narratives, interviews, surveys, and large-scale databases or self-created written and spoken corpora are employed and analyzed to gain a better understanding of new developments and changes in Chinese language and discourse. Authors employ updated approaches from a variety of fields, including applied linguistics, functional linguistics, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics, to describe the structure of Chinese language and discourse and to examine its critical issues, many focusing on globalization-induced language developments and changes. With an empirically-based discourse/socio-cultural approach, this collection makes valuable contributions to research on Chinese language and discourse and serves as a sound reference for Chinese researchers and educators in diverse fields such as Chinese language and discourse, Chinese linguistics and language education, Chinese multiculturalism, and more. 05 By showcasing the latest studies in Chinese language and discourse, this volume is a valuable asset to researchers in Chinese discourse and practitioners in language education. Ruihua Zhao, Sun Yat-sen University, in Language in Society 49:1 (2020) 05 This book is praiseworthy for many aspects. To begin with, the clear and logical layout of the 13 chapters, the insightful revelation with solid-data evidence, and a wide range of authentic spoken and written corpora secure this book to be a resourceful reference for language researchers and educators. Also, for readers without much previous knowledge in the study of language and discourse, the systematic theoretical and methodological framework of this book tend to be reader friendly and horizon broadening. Moreover, readers are provided with an opportunity to perceive key linguistic issues in the context of globalization. Scholars will be synchronized with significant linguistic research focus and inclination. Chao Lu, University of Science and Technology Beijing, in International Journal of Communication (IJoC) 14 (2020). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scld.10.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027202130.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027202130.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scld.10.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scld.10.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scld.10.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scld.10.hb.png 10 01 JB code scld.10.con viii xi 4 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code scld.10.01xia 2 4 3 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;1. Chinese discourse from diverse perspectives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 2 A01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney 10 01 JB code scld.10.02xia 6 25 20 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;2. New words in contemporary Chinese language use</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Linguistic features and formation processes</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 20 abbreviation 20 blending 20 clipping 20 coinage 20 formation processes 20 lexicalization 20 morpheme 20 numerical formulae 20 word length 20 word structure 01 This study analyzes the linguistic features and word formation processes of the new words in <i>The List of New Words Used in Media 2015</i>. The results show that the average word length of the 446 new words used in media 2015 is 3.34, with both 3- and 4-morpheme words hovering around 40% of the total and 2-morpheme words under 17%. The majority of the 2-morpheme new words parallel the Chinese syntactic patterns, such as [modifier + modified], [subject + predicate], [verb + object], and [verb + verb]. The major processes involved in the 4-morpheme word formation are blending, abbreviation, coinage, and numerical formulae. In the blending and abbreviation processes, large chunks of information are clipped off to maintain the [2+2] 4-morpheme word length pattern. In addition, like many other newly-created usages, the case of &#20114;&#32852;&#32593;+ shows that, in language change, new words can be created through grammaticalization and various types of derivational morphology, involving the creation of new affixes. 10 01 JB code scld.10.03tao 28 56 29 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;3. Usage based language change and exemplar representations in Beijing Mandarin Chinese</TitleText> 1 A01 Liang Tao Tao, Liang Liang Tao Ohio University 20 bu35shixma (xxxx)? 20 chunking 20 discourse-functional linguistics 20 frequency 20 grammaticalization 20 Mandarin tones 20 phonological fusion 20 phono-syntactic conspiracy 01 This study offers support to usage-based studies to promote the importance of everyday language use in language development and grammaticalization. Specifically, the study presents a new construction in Beijing Mandarin Chinese that currently co-occurs with its original form, both in spoken language and written texts. The change is another instance of phono-syntactic conspiracy (Tao 2002, 2006, 2009). It starts from phonological reduction and ends in a syntactic change of a highly frequently used rhetorical question &#19981;&#26159;&#8230;&#21527;: &#8216;Isn&#8217;t it the case that&#8230;.&#8217; However, the process differs from previous findings (Bybee 2010) in that the grammaticalization process involves usage frequency as well as cognitive, cultural and social factors. The findings further support the view that language and grammar are fostered and conditioned through human communication. 10 01 JB code scld.10.04li 58 79 22 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;4. Contextual variations of internal and external modifications in Chinese requests</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Effects of power and imposition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Shuai Li Li, Shuai Shuai Li Georgia State University 20 Chinese 20 contextual variation 20 imposition 20 modifications 20 power 20 request 20 sequential organization 01 This study investigates contextual variations in mitigation production (consisting of internal and external modifications) in Chinese request-making (i.e., what native Chinese speakers consider appropriate to say in hypothetical scenarios). The participants were 22 native Chinese speakers recruited from a university in China. They completed a 20-item Oral Discourse Completion Test (ODCT) tapping two contextual variables: power and imposition. The results show that: (1) both power and imposition exerted significant influence on the frequency of producing internal and external modifications, (2) the various internal and external modifiers were differentially associated with the two contextual variables, and (3) the preferred sequential organization of external modifications differed according to context types. 10 01 JB code scld.10.05li 82 103 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;5. Some interactional functions of <i>Yinwei</i>-clauses in Mandarin Chinese conversation</TitleText> 1 A01 Xiaoting Li Li, Xiaoting Xiaoting Li University of Alberta, Canada 2 A01 Jie Luo Luo, Jie Jie Luo University of Calgary, Canada 20 accounts for prior actions 20 assertion 20 conversation analysis 20 disagreement 20 interactional linguistics 20 Mandarin 20 parentheticals 20 yinwei 01 <i>Yinwei</i> &#8216;because&#8217; is a causal conjunction or preposition indicating a causal relation between two clauses, NPs and other discourse units in Mandarin Chinese. Building on the previous research, this study examines how <i>yinwei</i> is used by conversational participants to organize talk and accomplish interactional tasks in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, this study examines 11 hours of everyday Mandarin conversational data, and explores the interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses. An examination of the data shows that <i>yinwei</i>-clauses have a variety of interactional functions in everyday Mandarin conversation. Two particular interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses are accounts for a speaker&#8217;s prior action such as disagreement and strong assertion, and parentheticals providing background information related to the ongoing talk. 10 01 JB code scld.10.06lim 106 136 31 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;6. Preliminaries to delicate matters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some functions of &#8220;I say to you&#8221; sequences in Mandarin Chinese conversations</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ni-Eng Lim Lim, Ni-Eng Ni-Eng Lim Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 20 conversation analysis 20 interactional linguistics 20 Mandarin Chinese 20 meta-language units 20 preface 01 The meta-language unit &#8220;I say to you&#8221; is frequently heard in Mandarin Chinese conversations, and are most commonly expressed as <i>wo gen ni shuo</i> &#8216;I say to you&#8217;, <i>wo gen ni jiang</i> &#8216;I talk to you&#8217;, or <i>wo gaosu ni</i> &#8216;I tell you&#8217;, collectively termed &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions. Quantitative investigations reveal that they are dedicated interactional resources found only in spoken conversation. By using conversation analytic methodology, further examination of their sequential trajectory shows that a core function of &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions is to preface upcoming &#8220;delicate&#8221; matters, such as dispreferred next action, disagreement or disaffiliative turn, and other actions that may be resistance-implicative for the recipient. As a preface, &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions can be used by the speaker to secure multi-turns space with which to gradually deliver the &#8220;delicate&#8221; matter and achieve other interactional goals. 10 01 JB code scld.10.07hau 138 153 16 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;7. Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (&#24314;), <i>zao</i> (&#36896;), <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) &#8216;to build&#8217; revisited</TitleText> 1 A01 Chenhsuan Huang Huang, Chenhsuan Chenhsuan Huang National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan 20 genre variation 20 Mandarin 20 near-synonym 20 regression analysis 20 spoken 20 word length 20 written 01 This study reexamines Mandarin Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (&#24314;), <i>zao</i> (&#36896;), <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) &#8216;to build&#8217; and their shared patterns in written and spoken genres. Three independent variables&#160;&#8211; including word length of the object NP, preverbal locative phrase, and building purpose&#160;&#8211; were tested by a logistic regression analysis (Rbrul<b>)</b> to account for the multiple crosscutting and interacting factors that influence language usage. Multivariate analyses show that word length and building purpose can account for the differences among these verbs in both genres. The analyses suggest that the use of <i>jian</i> (&#24314;) and <i>zao</i> (&#36896;) possess more written properties, while <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) favors the spoken genre. The current study contributes to a growing number of studies in Chinese near-synonyms by focusing on genre variation. 10 01 JB code scld.10.08yan 156 176 21 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;8. Constraints on the collocational behaviors of Chinese near-synonyms</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jia Yang Yang, Jia Jia Yang University of Dayton 20 collocation 20 corpus-based study 20 L2 vocabulary learning 20 near-synonyms 01 This paper reports a corpus-based study to examine how Chinese near-synonyms choose their typical collocates. Near-synonyms commonly misused by English-speaking learners of Chinese were selected for analysis. Results obtained from the corpora (the Chinese Internet Corpus by the University of Leeds and the Lancaster corpus of Mandarin Chinese) indicate that the collocational behaviors of the selected synonyms are constrained by their own semantic, grammatical, prosodic, stylistic and pragmatic features and hence are explainable to second/foreign learners. Findings of this study will contribute to the design of collocation/synonym dictionary as well as the instruction of collocations as a second/foreign language. 10 01 JB code scld.10.09ren 178 197 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;9. Genericity and sentences with an AP state complement in Mandarin Chinese</TitleText> 1 A01 Fei Ren Ren, Fei Fei Ren Georgetown University 20 episodic 20 generic 20 pragmatics 20 semantics 20 state complement 20 x de 01 This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the generic/episodic interpretation of Chinese sentences containing a state complement (SC) realized by an adjectival phrase (AP). It argues that the generic interpretation of such sentences is a result of the interaction of the semantics of the verb or verb phrase before &#24471; <i>de</i> (V/VP-&#24471;), the AP complement after &#24471; <i>de</i>, and pragmatic knowledge. A sentence with an AP state complement will be interpreted as generic when the V/VP-&#24471; in the sentence expresses repeatable or sum events, and when it is determined, given one&#8217;s pragmatic knowledge and the semantics of the AP complement, that the property or state expressed by the AP can apply to a relevant event or individual in all events expressed by V/VP-&#24471; in general. 10 01 JB code scld.10.10zhu 200 219 20 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;10. Kinship metaphors in the Chinese construction A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu/mu</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Biology and culture as conceptual basis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lin Zhu Zhu, Lin Lin Zhu University of Oregon 20 cognitive linguistics 20 corpus linguistics 20 culture 20 experiential basis of cognition 20 kinship metaphor 20 semantics 20 the Chinese language 01 This corpus-driven study focuses on two metaphorically used kinship terms in Modern Chinese, &#29238; <i>fu</i> &#8216;father&#8217; and &#27597; <i>mu</i> &#8216;mother&#8217;. Under investigation are two constructions [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu</i>] &#8216;A is the father of B&#8217; and [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi mu</i>] &#8216;A is the mother of B&#8217;. It is found that the figurative meanings expressed by <i>mu</i> (mother) are more conventionalized than those expressed by <i>fu</i>. The study shows that <i>mu</i> has higher metaphoricity, and I argue that the degree of metaphoricity of the two kinship terms in Chinese is a function both of the experiential basis of cognition in terms of universal biological phenomenon and of cultural constraints, especially Confucian thoughts, on conceptualization. 10 01 JB code scld.10.11tsu 222 243 22 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;11. The classification of Chinese time expressions from Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspectives</TitleText> 1 A01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney, Australia 2 A01 Lubei Zhang Zhang, Lubei Lubei Zhang Southwest Jiaotong University, China 20 Chinese circumstantial elements 20 classifications 20 time expressions 01 Time expressions are one of the fundamental concepts of human cognition and communication and thus have been the major concern in many linguistics, applied and developmental psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Klein &#38; Li 2009; Li &#38; Bowerman 1998; Shirai, Slobin, &#38; Weist 1998). A study of time expressions in Modern Chinese (Mandarin) was conducted to explore the common patterns, system networks and realizations from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. The results indicated that (1) time expressions can be classified as extent or location; definite or indefinite, (2) within extent a distinction can be made between duration and frequency; within location there are subcategories of Absolute and Relative; of Rest and Motion (3) the forms used to realize these time elements of time are nominal groups, adverbs and pre-verbal phrases, though not all subcategories of temporal elements are realized by all these forms. 10 01 JB code scld.10.12wan 246 263 18 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;12. Being a Kam in China</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Ethnic identity in narratives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Wei Wang Wang, Wei Wei Wang The University of Sydney, Australia 2 A01 Lisong Jiang Jiang, Lisong Lisong Jiang Southwest University, China 3 A01 Meishu He He, Meishu Meishu He Southwest University, China 20 ethnic identity 20 membership categorisation 20 narrative 20 sociolinguistics 20 the Kam people 01 In light of the growing interest in investigating the ethnic minority Kam people in China, this paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis to explore how Kam people&#8217;s identity is represented and negotiated in spoken narratives with outside researchers. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to identity analysis (Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et&#160;al. 2006; Blommaert 2005) and membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1972a &#38; b, 1992; Baker 2004; Fitzgerald and Housley 2015), this paper explores the relationships between Kam people&#8217;s sense of membership in their ethnic community and social practices that define this sense of membership. It focuses on the self-representation of a former Kam village head in a remote village in Southern China, Guizhou Province, and explores his way of conceptualizing being a Kam with a view to examining the relationship between his representation of the ethnic identity and the sociocultural impacts on this identity construction process. 10 01 JB code scld.10.13goh 266 295 30 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;13. Specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore</TitleText> 1 A01 Hock Huan Goh Goh, Hock Huan Hock Huan Goh SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 2 A01 Jinzhan Lin Lin, Jinzhan Jinzhan Lin SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 3 A01 Chunsheng Zhao Zhao, Chunsheng Chunsheng Zhao SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 20 corpus application 20 Singapore Chinese Language Teaching Resource Platform 20 Singapore Daily Written Chinese Corpus 20 Singapore Primary School Children Spoken Chinese Corpus 20 Specialised Corpora for Language Education 01 Corpus linguistics is crucial to language education, but many corpora do not pay enough attention to curriculum and pedagogical needs. To address this issue and in view of Singapore&#8217;s unique language environment, the Singapore Centre for Chinese Language built two specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore, which comprise a Written Corpus and a Spoken Corpus. The Written Corpus provides information on Chinese characters, vocabulary words and sentence structures used in written materials daily; while the Spoken Corpus provides guidelines for attainable spoken proficiency of primary school students at different academic levels. With these corpora, curriculum developers can design syllabi with greater precision on the language content and address the learning gap for Chinese language proficiency. As for teachers, an online resource platform developed based on the Written Corpus provides them with authentic materials and practical applications (such as the text grading module) as reliable tools and resources for lesson preparation and learning assessment. 10 01 JB code scld.10.index Miscellaneous 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20190415 2019 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027202130 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 99.00 EUR R 01 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 715019003 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code SCLD 10 Hb 15 9789027202130 13 2018045383 BB 01 SCLD 02 1879-5382 Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Current Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Global context and diverse perspectives</Subtitle> 01 scld.10 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/scld.10 1 B01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 2 B01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney 01 eng 310 xi 298 LAN009030 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SITIB Sino-Tibetan languages 06 01 This volume features a discourse empirical orientation from diverse perspectives and various methodologies, in which narratives, interviews, surveys, and large-scale databases or self-created written and spoken corpora are employed and analyzed to gain a better understanding of new developments and changes in Chinese language and discourse. Authors employ updated approaches from a variety of fields, including applied linguistics, functional linguistics, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics, to describe the structure of Chinese language and discourse and to examine its critical issues, many focusing on globalization-induced language developments and changes. With an empirically-based discourse/socio-cultural approach, this collection makes valuable contributions to research on Chinese language and discourse and serves as a sound reference for Chinese researchers and educators in diverse fields such as Chinese language and discourse, Chinese linguistics and language education, Chinese multiculturalism, and more. 05 By showcasing the latest studies in Chinese language and discourse, this volume is a valuable asset to researchers in Chinese discourse and practitioners in language education. Ruihua Zhao, Sun Yat-sen University, in Language in Society 49:1 (2020) 05 This book is praiseworthy for many aspects. To begin with, the clear and logical layout of the 13 chapters, the insightful revelation with solid-data evidence, and a wide range of authentic spoken and written corpora secure this book to be a resourceful reference for language researchers and educators. Also, for readers without much previous knowledge in the study of language and discourse, the systematic theoretical and methodological framework of this book tend to be reader friendly and horizon broadening. Moreover, readers are provided with an opportunity to perceive key linguistic issues in the context of globalization. Scholars will be synchronized with significant linguistic research focus and inclination. Chao Lu, University of Science and Technology Beijing, in International Journal of Communication (IJoC) 14 (2020). 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/scld.10.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027202130.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027202130.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/scld.10.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/scld.10.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/scld.10.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/scld.10.hb.png 10 01 JB code scld.10.con viii xi 4 Miscellaneous 1 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Contributors</TitleText> 10 01 JB code scld.10.01xia 2 4 3 Chapter 2 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;1. Chinese discourse from diverse perspectives</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">An introduction</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 2 A01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney 10 01 JB code scld.10.02xia 6 25 20 Chapter 3 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;2. New words in contemporary Chinese language use</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Linguistic features and formation processes</Subtitle> 1 A01 Yun Xiao Xiao, Yun Yun Xiao Bryant University 20 abbreviation 20 blending 20 clipping 20 coinage 20 formation processes 20 lexicalization 20 morpheme 20 numerical formulae 20 word length 20 word structure 01 This study analyzes the linguistic features and word formation processes of the new words in <i>The List of New Words Used in Media 2015</i>. The results show that the average word length of the 446 new words used in media 2015 is 3.34, with both 3- and 4-morpheme words hovering around 40% of the total and 2-morpheme words under 17%. The majority of the 2-morpheme new words parallel the Chinese syntactic patterns, such as [modifier + modified], [subject + predicate], [verb + object], and [verb + verb]. The major processes involved in the 4-morpheme word formation are blending, abbreviation, coinage, and numerical formulae. In the blending and abbreviation processes, large chunks of information are clipped off to maintain the [2+2] 4-morpheme word length pattern. In addition, like many other newly-created usages, the case of &#20114;&#32852;&#32593;+ shows that, in language change, new words can be created through grammaticalization and various types of derivational morphology, involving the creation of new affixes. 10 01 JB code scld.10.03tao 28 56 29 Chapter 4 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;3. Usage based language change and exemplar representations in Beijing Mandarin Chinese</TitleText> 1 A01 Liang Tao Tao, Liang Liang Tao Ohio University 20 bu35shixma (xxxx)? 20 chunking 20 discourse-functional linguistics 20 frequency 20 grammaticalization 20 Mandarin tones 20 phonological fusion 20 phono-syntactic conspiracy 01 This study offers support to usage-based studies to promote the importance of everyday language use in language development and grammaticalization. Specifically, the study presents a new construction in Beijing Mandarin Chinese that currently co-occurs with its original form, both in spoken language and written texts. The change is another instance of phono-syntactic conspiracy (Tao 2002, 2006, 2009). It starts from phonological reduction and ends in a syntactic change of a highly frequently used rhetorical question &#19981;&#26159;&#8230;&#21527;: &#8216;Isn&#8217;t it the case that&#8230;.&#8217; However, the process differs from previous findings (Bybee 2010) in that the grammaticalization process involves usage frequency as well as cognitive, cultural and social factors. The findings further support the view that language and grammar are fostered and conditioned through human communication. 10 01 JB code scld.10.04li 58 79 22 Chapter 5 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;4. Contextual variations of internal and external modifications in Chinese requests</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Effects of power and imposition</Subtitle> 1 A01 Shuai Li Li, Shuai Shuai Li Georgia State University 20 Chinese 20 contextual variation 20 imposition 20 modifications 20 power 20 request 20 sequential organization 01 This study investigates contextual variations in mitigation production (consisting of internal and external modifications) in Chinese request-making (i.e., what native Chinese speakers consider appropriate to say in hypothetical scenarios). The participants were 22 native Chinese speakers recruited from a university in China. They completed a 20-item Oral Discourse Completion Test (ODCT) tapping two contextual variables: power and imposition. The results show that: (1) both power and imposition exerted significant influence on the frequency of producing internal and external modifications, (2) the various internal and external modifiers were differentially associated with the two contextual variables, and (3) the preferred sequential organization of external modifications differed according to context types. 10 01 JB code scld.10.05li 82 103 22 Chapter 6 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;5. Some interactional functions of <i>Yinwei</i>-clauses in Mandarin Chinese conversation</TitleText> 1 A01 Xiaoting Li Li, Xiaoting Xiaoting Li University of Alberta, Canada 2 A01 Jie Luo Luo, Jie Jie Luo University of Calgary, Canada 20 accounts for prior actions 20 assertion 20 conversation analysis 20 disagreement 20 interactional linguistics 20 Mandarin 20 parentheticals 20 yinwei 01 <i>Yinwei</i> &#8216;because&#8217; is a causal conjunction or preposition indicating a causal relation between two clauses, NPs and other discourse units in Mandarin Chinese. Building on the previous research, this study examines how <i>yinwei</i> is used by conversational participants to organize talk and accomplish interactional tasks in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, this study examines 11 hours of everyday Mandarin conversational data, and explores the interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses. An examination of the data shows that <i>yinwei</i>-clauses have a variety of interactional functions in everyday Mandarin conversation. Two particular interactional functions of <i>yinwei</i>-clauses are accounts for a speaker&#8217;s prior action such as disagreement and strong assertion, and parentheticals providing background information related to the ongoing talk. 10 01 JB code scld.10.06lim 106 136 31 Chapter 7 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;6. Preliminaries to delicate matters</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Some functions of &#8220;I say to you&#8221; sequences in Mandarin Chinese conversations</Subtitle> 1 A01 Ni-Eng Lim Lim, Ni-Eng Ni-Eng Lim Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 20 conversation analysis 20 interactional linguistics 20 Mandarin Chinese 20 meta-language units 20 preface 01 The meta-language unit &#8220;I say to you&#8221; is frequently heard in Mandarin Chinese conversations, and are most commonly expressed as <i>wo gen ni shuo</i> &#8216;I say to you&#8217;, <i>wo gen ni jiang</i> &#8216;I talk to you&#8217;, or <i>wo gaosu ni</i> &#8216;I tell you&#8217;, collectively termed &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions. Quantitative investigations reveal that they are dedicated interactional resources found only in spoken conversation. By using conversation analytic methodology, further examination of their sequential trajectory shows that a core function of &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions is to preface upcoming &#8220;delicate&#8221; matters, such as dispreferred next action, disagreement or disaffiliative turn, and other actions that may be resistance-implicative for the recipient. As a preface, &#8220;I-say-to-you&#8221; expressions can be used by the speaker to secure multi-turns space with which to gradually deliver the &#8220;delicate&#8221; matter and achieve other interactional goals. 10 01 JB code scld.10.07hau 138 153 16 Chapter 8 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;7. Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (&#24314;), <i>zao</i> (&#36896;), <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) &#8216;to build&#8217; revisited</TitleText> 1 A01 Chenhsuan Huang Huang, Chenhsuan Chenhsuan Huang National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan 20 genre variation 20 Mandarin 20 near-synonym 20 regression analysis 20 spoken 20 word length 20 written 01 This study reexamines Mandarin Chinese near-synonyms <i>jian</i> (&#24314;), <i>zao</i> (&#36896;), <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) &#8216;to build&#8217; and their shared patterns in written and spoken genres. Three independent variables&#160;&#8211; including word length of the object NP, preverbal locative phrase, and building purpose&#160;&#8211; were tested by a logistic regression analysis (Rbrul<b>)</b> to account for the multiple crosscutting and interacting factors that influence language usage. Multivariate analyses show that word length and building purpose can account for the differences among these verbs in both genres. The analyses suggest that the use of <i>jian</i> (&#24314;) and <i>zao</i> (&#36896;) possess more written properties, while <i>gai</i> (&#33995;) favors the spoken genre. The current study contributes to a growing number of studies in Chinese near-synonyms by focusing on genre variation. 10 01 JB code scld.10.08yan 156 176 21 Chapter 9 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;8. Constraints on the collocational behaviors of Chinese near-synonyms</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">A corpus-based analysis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Jia Yang Yang, Jia Jia Yang University of Dayton 20 collocation 20 corpus-based study 20 L2 vocabulary learning 20 near-synonyms 01 This paper reports a corpus-based study to examine how Chinese near-synonyms choose their typical collocates. Near-synonyms commonly misused by English-speaking learners of Chinese were selected for analysis. Results obtained from the corpora (the Chinese Internet Corpus by the University of Leeds and the Lancaster corpus of Mandarin Chinese) indicate that the collocational behaviors of the selected synonyms are constrained by their own semantic, grammatical, prosodic, stylistic and pragmatic features and hence are explainable to second/foreign learners. Findings of this study will contribute to the design of collocation/synonym dictionary as well as the instruction of collocations as a second/foreign language. 10 01 JB code scld.10.09ren 178 197 20 Chapter 10 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;9. Genericity and sentences with an AP state complement in Mandarin Chinese</TitleText> 1 A01 Fei Ren Ren, Fei Fei Ren Georgetown University 20 episodic 20 generic 20 pragmatics 20 semantics 20 state complement 20 x de 01 This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the generic/episodic interpretation of Chinese sentences containing a state complement (SC) realized by an adjectival phrase (AP). It argues that the generic interpretation of such sentences is a result of the interaction of the semantics of the verb or verb phrase before &#24471; <i>de</i> (V/VP-&#24471;), the AP complement after &#24471; <i>de</i>, and pragmatic knowledge. A sentence with an AP state complement will be interpreted as generic when the V/VP-&#24471; in the sentence expresses repeatable or sum events, and when it is determined, given one&#8217;s pragmatic knowledge and the semantics of the AP complement, that the property or state expressed by the AP can apply to a relevant event or individual in all events expressed by V/VP-&#24471; in general. 10 01 JB code scld.10.10zhu 200 219 20 Chapter 11 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;10. Kinship metaphors in the Chinese construction A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu/mu</i></TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Biology and culture as conceptual basis</Subtitle> 1 A01 Lin Zhu Zhu, Lin Lin Zhu University of Oregon 20 cognitive linguistics 20 corpus linguistics 20 culture 20 experiential basis of cognition 20 kinship metaphor 20 semantics 20 the Chinese language 01 This corpus-driven study focuses on two metaphorically used kinship terms in Modern Chinese, &#29238; <i>fu</i> &#8216;father&#8217; and &#27597; <i>mu</i> &#8216;mother&#8217;. Under investigation are two constructions [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi fu</i>] &#8216;A is the father of B&#8217; and [A <i>shi</i> B <i>zhi mu</i>] &#8216;A is the mother of B&#8217;. It is found that the figurative meanings expressed by <i>mu</i> (mother) are more conventionalized than those expressed by <i>fu</i>. The study shows that <i>mu</i> has higher metaphoricity, and I argue that the degree of metaphoricity of the two kinship terms in Chinese is a function both of the experiential basis of cognition in terms of universal biological phenomenon and of cultural constraints, especially Confucian thoughts, on conceptualization. 10 01 JB code scld.10.11tsu 222 243 22 Chapter 12 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;11. The classification of Chinese time expressions from Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspectives</TitleText> 1 A01 Linda Tsung Tsung, Linda Linda Tsung The University of Sydney, Australia 2 A01 Lubei Zhang Zhang, Lubei Lubei Zhang Southwest Jiaotong University, China 20 Chinese circumstantial elements 20 classifications 20 time expressions 01 Time expressions are one of the fundamental concepts of human cognition and communication and thus have been the major concern in many linguistics, applied and developmental psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Klein &#38; Li 2009; Li &#38; Bowerman 1998; Shirai, Slobin, &#38; Weist 1998). A study of time expressions in Modern Chinese (Mandarin) was conducted to explore the common patterns, system networks and realizations from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. The results indicated that (1) time expressions can be classified as extent or location; definite or indefinite, (2) within extent a distinction can be made between duration and frequency; within location there are subcategories of Absolute and Relative; of Rest and Motion (3) the forms used to realize these time elements of time are nominal groups, adverbs and pre-verbal phrases, though not all subcategories of temporal elements are realized by all these forms. 10 01 JB code scld.10.12wan 246 263 18 Chapter 13 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;12. Being a Kam in China</TitleText> <Subtitle textformat="02">Ethnic identity in narratives</Subtitle> 1 A01 Wei Wang Wang, Wei Wei Wang The University of Sydney, Australia 2 A01 Lisong Jiang Jiang, Lisong Lisong Jiang Southwest University, China 3 A01 Meishu He He, Meishu Meishu He Southwest University, China 20 ethnic identity 20 membership categorisation 20 narrative 20 sociolinguistics 20 the Kam people 01 In light of the growing interest in investigating the ethnic minority Kam people in China, this paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis to explore how Kam people&#8217;s identity is represented and negotiated in spoken narratives with outside researchers. Drawing on sociolinguistic approaches to identity analysis (Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et&#160;al. 2006; Blommaert 2005) and membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1972a &#38; b, 1992; Baker 2004; Fitzgerald and Housley 2015), this paper explores the relationships between Kam people&#8217;s sense of membership in their ethnic community and social practices that define this sense of membership. It focuses on the self-representation of a former Kam village head in a remote village in Southern China, Guizhou Province, and explores his way of conceptualizing being a Kam with a view to examining the relationship between his representation of the ethnic identity and the sociocultural impacts on this identity construction process. 10 01 JB code scld.10.13goh 266 295 30 Chapter 14 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Chapter&#160;13. Specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore</TitleText> 1 A01 Hock Huan Goh Goh, Hock Huan Hock Huan Goh SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 2 A01 Jinzhan Lin Lin, Jinzhan Jinzhan Lin SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 3 A01 Chunsheng Zhao Zhao, Chunsheng Chunsheng Zhao SCCL, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 20 corpus application 20 Singapore Chinese Language Teaching Resource Platform 20 Singapore Daily Written Chinese Corpus 20 Singapore Primary School Children Spoken Chinese Corpus 20 Specialised Corpora for Language Education 01 Corpus linguistics is crucial to language education, but many corpora do not pay enough attention to curriculum and pedagogical needs. To address this issue and in view of Singapore&#8217;s unique language environment, the Singapore Centre for Chinese Language built two specialised corpora for Chinese language education in Singapore, which comprise a Written Corpus and a Spoken Corpus. The Written Corpus provides information on Chinese characters, vocabulary words and sentence structures used in written materials daily; while the Spoken Corpus provides guidelines for attainable spoken proficiency of primary school students at different academic levels. With these corpora, curriculum developers can design syllabi with greater precision on the language content and address the learning gap for Chinese language proficiency. As for teachers, an online resource platform developed based on the Written Corpus provides them with authentic materials and practical applications (such as the text grading module) as reliable tools and resources for lesson preparation and learning assessment. 10 01 JB code scld.10.index Miscellaneous 15 <TitleType>01</TitleType> <TitleText textformat="02">Index</TitleText> 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20190415 2019 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 695 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 61 26 01 02 JB 1 00 99.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 104.94 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 26 02 02 JB 1 00 83.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 1 26 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD