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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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eng
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Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics
57
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Advances in Functional Linguistics
Columbia School beyond its origins
01
sfsl.57
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/sfsl.57
1
B01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
The City College of New York
2
B01
Radmila J. Gorup
Gorup, Radmila J.
Radmila J.
Gorup
Columbia University
3
B01
Nancy Stern
Stern, Nancy
Nancy
Stern
The City College of New York
01
eng
354
x
344
LAN009000
v.2006
CF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.FUNCT
Functional linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This collection carries the functionalist Columbia School of linguistics forward with contributions on linguistic theory, semiotics, phonology, grammar, lexicon, and anthropology. Columbia School linguistics views language as a symbolic tool whose structure is shaped both by its communicative function and by the characteristics of its users, and considers contextual, pragmatic, physical, and psychological factors in its analyses. This volume builds upon three previous Columbia School anthologies and further explores issues raised in them, including fundamental theoretical and analytical questions. And it raises new issues that take Columbia School “beyond its origins.” The contributions illustrate both consistency since the school’s inception over thirty years ago and innovation spurred by groundbreaking analysis. The volume will be of interest to all functional linguists and historians of linguistics. Languages analyzed include Byelorussian, English, Japanese, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, and Swahili.
05
This volume represents a welcome addition to the literature on functional linguistics from the perspective of one of the most radically ambitious and creative groups of linguists in the field. The papers analyzing the group’s origins in the thinking of Saussure and Diver provide a valuable historical foundation. The inclusion of papers on both grammar and phonology testifies to the maturity and wide theoretical relevance of the approach, and the excursus into areas beyond language testifies to the breadth of its applicability for anthropological thinking.
Ricardo Otheguy, Program in Linguistics, Graduate Center, City University of New York
05
All linguists — of whatever theoretical persuasion or language area — need to read this rich and valuable book. Whatever you believe as a linguist, you will learn things here that you will not learn elsewhere, including both linguistic data and explanations of the sort simply not offered in other approaches, formal or functional. Optimality theorists, take note! Generative, Cognitive, and Grammaticalization theorists, take note!
Robert S. Kirsner, Professor of Dutch and Afrikaans, University of California, Los Angeles
05
For all linguists, familiar or not with the Columbia School approach to linguistic analysis, this volume is an invitation to revisit and reconsider many, perhaps most, fundamental goals and concepts in linguistics which are taken for granted and/or often ignored by most other approaches. For the first time an entire volume is devoted exclusively to an inside conversation among practitioners of the Columbia School. Eavesdroppers from other theoretical practices will find much of value in the issues raised, for the insights offered by both the general theoretical discussions and internal debates within this school, on one hand, and the particular analyses proposed for a variety of languages.
Benji Wald, Research Scientist, formerly Professor of Linguistics at UCLA, National Center for Bilingual Research, Speech Systems Inc.
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ix
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Miscellaneous
1
01
List of Contributors
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.02dav
1
15
15
Article
2
01
Introduction
Consistency and Change in Columbia School Linguistics
1
A01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.03lin
Section header
3
01
<b>Linguistic</b> <b>Theory</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.04rei
17
39
23
Article
4
01
Columbia School and Saussure’s langue
1
A01
Wallis Reid
Reid, Wallis
Wallis
Reid
01
This paper argues that William Diver’s signal-meaning pair is Saussure’s <i>signe linguistique </i>in all basic respects, and that Diver’s innovation of a grammatical system is the functional equivalent of Saussure’s <i>langue</i>. Thus Columbia School linguistics rests squarely on a Saussurean foundation. In the course of making this case, this paper proposes a resolution of the apparent contradiction between Saussure’s definition of the linguistic sign in terms of substance – the union of concept and acoustic image – and his dictum that “<i>la langue </i>is a form not a substance”.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.05huf
41
62
22
Article
5
01
Diver’s Theory
1
A01
Alan Huffman
Huffman, Alan
Alan
Huffman
01
Diver’s “Theory” (1995) is the most comprehensive and, in fact, the final statement by the founder of the Columbia School of that school’s contribution to an understanding of the essential nature of language. The unifying idea that runs through this statement is Diver’s insistence that a theory of language consist of a set of conclusions drawn from a body of individual analytical successes, that it not be a collection of <i>a priori </i>categories and speculations. Diver’s anti-apriorism opens the way to understanding the workings of language in terms of innovative and language-specific categories, and it brings the normal practice of linguistics into line with that of other natural sciences.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.06pho
Section header
6
01
<b>Phonology</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.07tob
63
86
24
Article
7
01
Phonology as human behavior
Inflectional systems in English
1
A01
Yishai Tobin
Tobin, Yishai
Yishai
Tobin
01
This paper summarizes the theory and methodology of Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB) (or Columbia School Phonology) and applies it to the inflectional morphology of English both synchronically and diachronically. The basic hypothesis is that inflectional morphology is both functional and frequent and should therefore be composed of phonemes that are unmarked or relatively easy to make. My second hypothesis is that this tendency for favoring unmarked phonemes in inflectional morphology should increase over time. I examine the phonological components of the inflectional morphology of Modern English and compare them with the phonological components of the inflectional morphology of Old and Middle English and then trace the parallel development of inflectional morphology in Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic to Old English.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.08tob
87
105
19
Article
8
01
Phonological processes of Japanese based on the theory of phonology as human behavior
1
A01
Yishai Tobin
Tobin, Yishai
Yishai
Tobin
2
A01
Haruko Miyakoda
Miyakoda, Haruko
Haruko
Miyakoda
01
By analyzing speech errors (normal and pathological) and loanwords of Japanese within the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior, we seek to account for why processes such as substitution occur as they do by referring to the “struggle” between speakers’ desire for maximum communication (the communication factor) and minimal effort (the human factor). We conclude that (1) the error patterns or the processes observed in loanword adaptations are not random but motivated and that clinical phonology represents a more extreme version of the “mini-max” struggle where the human factor overrides the communication factor; (2) the communicative forces found within different word positions have a great influence on how and where the phonological processes of loanwords occur.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.09dre
107
130
24
Article
9
01
Phonology as human behavior
A combinatory phonology of Byelorussian
1
A01
Igor Dreer
Dreer, Igor
Igor
Dreer
01
This paper applies the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior to an analysis of the distribution of consonants in monosyllabic words in Byelorussian. Like other languages, Byelorussian shows a direct connection between the effort that speakers make to control the active articulators, involved in the production of phonemes, and the favorings or the disfavorings of these phonemes in various phonotactic distributions.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.10dek
131
141
11
Article
10
01
Phonology as human behavior
The case of Peninsular Spanish
1
A01
Adriaan Dekker
Dekker, Adriaan
Adriaan
Dekker
2
A01
Bob de Jonge
Jonge, Bob de
Bob
de
Jonge
01
The authors analyze the distribution in the lexicon of nine Peninsular Spanish consonants (/p, t, k, b, d, g, f, ?, ?/) within the framework of Phonology as Human Behavior with respect to two hypothesised factors: Complexity of Articulation and Visibility. In general, the observed distribution of the uncombined consonants is according to the hypotheses tested. However, one member, /k/, occurs more frequently than would be expected. The authors show that /k/ belongs to a particular subset of consonants in Spanish, which might explain a relative favoring, but they also observe that /k/ appears to be more frequent in other languages as well. It appears that another factor, the Size of Cavity, might play a decisive role.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.11jou
143
161
19
Article
11
01
Functional motivations for the sound patterns of English non-lexical Interjections
1
A01
Gina Joue
Joue, Gina
Gina
Joue
2
A01
Nikolinka Collier
Collier, Nikolinka
Nikolinka
Collier
01
Non-lexical interjections have been the focus of much research, but their apparent complexities, functional variations, and lack of content have led to different approaches to annotation and classification. This paper argues that they are discourse particles that function with strong cognitive linguistic bases and regularities in communication. They may have appeared as so complexly varied because they were assumed to be paralinguistic phenomena. We investigate our claims on two spontaneous speech corpora of English. In classifying these interjections into a taxonomy of discourse functions and using methods based on Phonology as Human Behavior, we find an interaction between the sound pattern of an interjection and its function in discourse, supporting our claim that non-lexical interjections are important linguistic phenomena.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.12dav
163
175
13
Article
12
01
Phonology without the phoneme
1
A01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
01
In his otherwise radically innovative linguistics (Columbia School), William Diver retained the classical phoneme, defined on the basis of contrastive distribution. He did so despite his rejection of most of the apparatus of traditional, descriptivist, and contemporary linguistics, and despite wellknown analytical difficulties. Diver evidently saw the phoneme as being required on theoretical grounds, specifically the communicative orientation. Communication, however, does not require contrastive segmental units, and Columbia School phonology need not rely upon the phoneme, which is superfluous to its findings anyway.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.13gra
Section header
13
01
<b>Grammar and lexicon</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.14ste
177
194
18
Article
14
01
<i>Tell me about yourself</i>
A unified account of English-self pronouns
1
A01
Nancy Stern
Stern, Nancy
Nancy
Stern
01
This paper offers an innovative Columbia School account of English -<i>self </i>pronouns (<i>myself</i>, <i>yourself</i>, etc.). The analysis rejects the view that the distribution of -<i>self </i>pronouns is a reflex of syntactic structure, as well as the traditional characterization of -<i>self </i>as a reflexive pronoun. Instead, -<i>self </i>forms are hypothesized to signal a constant meaning, insistence on a referent, which accounts for the forms’ distribution in authentic texts. This approach has led to the discovery that -<i>self </i>forms contribute to the same types of interpretations across a wide range of different structural contexts, including not only reflexive and emphatic uses, but also <i>like</i>-phrases, picture noun phrases, logophoric uses, conjoined expressions, and other environments.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.15gor
195
209
15
Article
15
01
<i>Se</i> without deixis
1
A01
Radmila J. Gorup
Gorup, Radmila J.
Radmila J.
Gorup
01
Arguing that the distribution of <i>se </i>in Serbo-Croatian cannot be explained by invoking <i>a priori </i>categories <i>reflexive, impersonal, middle voice, </i>etc., this analysis follows García (1983) and Davis (2000) to advance a hypothesis that <i>se </i>is a signal in the semantic substance of Participant Focus. Whereas other pronouns in this complex system signal a variety of meanings (in several semantic systems), <i>se </i>says that there is a bona fide participant centrally associated in the event named by the verb but does not give any more information about it. This study claims that the opposition of substance between <i>se </i>and all the other Participant Focus forms accounts for its distribution in Serbo-Croatian.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.16con
211
222
12
Article
16
01
The difference between zero and nothing
The
difference between zero and nothing
Swahili noun class prefixes 5 and 9/10
1
A01
Ellen Contini-Morava
Contini-Morava, Ellen
Ellen
Contini-Morava
01
Most Swahili noun class prefixes are overt, e.g. <i>m-toto/wa-toto </i>‘child/children’. However, for Classes 5 and 9/10 an overt prefix occurs only in certain morphophonemic contexts. Despite superficial similarities, only the Cl. 5 prefix should be analyzed as zero (meaningful absence); Cl. 9/10 nouns simply lack a prefix. Evidence includes differences in singular-plural patterns and in derivational productivity of prefix absence. Prefix absence indicates (inherent or derived) Cl. 5 membership and singular number. The availability of prefixless Cl. 9/10, outside the normal class and number systems, helps preserve the coherence of the noun class system, and allows zero to convey meaning in the case of Cl. 5.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.17leo
223
237
15
Article
17
01
A semantic analysis of Swahili suffix <i>li</i>
A
semantic analysis of Swahili suffix <i>li</i>
1
A01
Robert A. Leonard
Leonard, Robert A.
Robert A.
Leonard
2
A01
Wendy Saliba Leonard
Saliba Leonard, Wendy
Wendy
Saliba Leonard
01
This Columbia School analysis of the Swahili suffix <i>li </i>rests on the distinction between meaning and message, as the proposed hypothesis does not simply categorize message types as previous analyses have done, but rather posits a single meaning which accounts for the various messages to which <i>li </i>contributes. Our hypothesis, unlike others’, accounts for all instances of <i>li</i>, as well as for what has been called “double-<i>li</i>”. The analysis posits a new type of Control meaning. Specifically, <i>li </i>instructs the hearer to interpret a non-high controller at a higher, more potent level of control than if <i>li </i>were not used.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.18rig
239
262
24
Article
18
01
The structure of the Japanese inferential system
The
structure of the Japanese inferential system
A functional analysis of daroo, rashii, soo-da, and yooda
1
A01
Hidemi Sugi Riggs
Riggs, Hidemi Sugi
Hidemi Sugi
Riggs
01
This paper provides an analysis of Japanese inferential auxiliaries (<i>daroo</i>, <i>rashii</i>, <i>soo</i>-<i>da</i>, <i>yooda</i>) that enables us to explain all occurrences of these words in discourse. Despite extensive research on these forms, grammatical analysis has not yet successfully explained their distribution. This paper demonstrates that the prevailing view of these forms as <i>evidentials </i>is insufficient. Instead, we postulate a new hypothesis in which the speaker’s choice of auxiliary is based on his or her desire either to strongly present inferential information or to draw attention away from it. In this analysis, the language user is seen as more active in the interpretation of messages than is traditionally assumed.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.19cru
263
281
19
Article
19
01
Structuring cues of conjunctive <i>yet, but,</i> and <i>still</i>
A monosemic approach
1
A01
Charlene Crupi
Crupi, Charlene
Charlene
Crupi
01
This study examines over 400 tokens of conjunctive <i>yet</i>, <i>but</i>, and <i>still </i>to confirm predictions tied to a unique structuring cue or meaning posited for each form (Crupi 2004). The research is conducted within a Columbia School sign-based linguistic framework; however, unlike forms typically examined in CS analyses, <i>yet, but</i>, and <i>still </i>do not comprise a closed grammatical system. Rather the three are independent linguistic units that share the common communicative function of adversative conjunction. By examining the flow of information through a text, this research indicates that conjunctive <i>yet, but</i>, and <i>still </i>contribute unique and consistent clues about overall textual structure.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.20bey
Section header
20
01
<b>Beyond Language</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.21ecc
283
308
26
Article
21
01
The case for articulatory gestures – not sounds – as the physical embodiment of speech signs
The
case for articulatory gestures – not sounds – as the physical embodiment of speech signs
1
A01
Thomas Eccardt
Eccardt, Thomas
Thomas
Eccardt
01
The term <i>articulatory gestures </i>is common among linguists, amounting to a kind of analogy with the manual gestures of sign language. This paper takes the term seriously, rejecting the notion that sounds are the physical embodiment of the linguistic sign. Making the case for the gesture as a legitimate type of sign, it shows how vocal movements are far more convincing candidates for the signifiers of human language when viewed from several different semiotic perspectives, including physiology, physics, psychology, and communication theory.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.22leo
309
334
26
Article
22
01
Meaning in nonlinguistic systems
Observations, remarks, and hypotheses on food, architecture, and honor in Kenya
1
A01
Robert A. Leonard
Leonard, Robert A.
Robert A.
Leonard
01
This article extends the boundaries of Columbia School linguistic semantic theory by applying its analytical constructs to nonlinguistic behaviors, where, as in language, there exist systematicity and arbitrariness: food; construction of social and gender identity; and use of architectural, private, and urban space. Further, meaningful elements of these behaviors vary analogously to Labovian sociolinguistic feature variation. The guiding orientation is that human behavior is structured not by an unmotivated, autonomous culture, but is communicative and social, interpreted by people as signals with meanings; and these meanings are discerned as interpreting power, prestige and identity. Data come primarily from fieldwork in Lamu (Kenya) and Thailand.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.23ind
335
337
3
Miscellaneous
23
01
Index of names
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.24sub
339
344
6
Miscellaneous
24
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
NL
04
20061220
2006
John Benjamins
02
WORLD
13
15
9789027215666
01
JB
3
John Benjamins e-Platform
03
jbe-platform.com
09
WORLD
21
01
00
125.00
EUR
R
01
00
105.00
GBP
Z
01
gen
00
188.00
USD
S
712005447
03
01
01
JB
John Benjamins Publishing Company
01
JB code
SFSL 57 Hb
15
9789027215666
13
2006043042
BB
01
SFSL
02
1385-7916
Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics
57
01
Advances in Functional Linguistics
Columbia School beyond its origins
01
sfsl.57
01
https://benjamins.com
02
https://benjamins.com/catalog/sfsl.57
1
B01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
The City College of New York
2
B01
Radmila J. Gorup
Gorup, Radmila J.
Radmila J.
Gorup
Columbia University
3
B01
Nancy Stern
Stern, Nancy
Nancy
Stern
The City College of New York
01
eng
354
x
344
LAN009000
v.2006
CF
2
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.FUNCT
Functional linguistics
24
JB Subject Scheme
LIN.THEOR
Theoretical linguistics
06
01
This collection carries the functionalist Columbia School of linguistics forward with contributions on linguistic theory, semiotics, phonology, grammar, lexicon, and anthropology. Columbia School linguistics views language as a symbolic tool whose structure is shaped both by its communicative function and by the characteristics of its users, and considers contextual, pragmatic, physical, and psychological factors in its analyses. This volume builds upon three previous Columbia School anthologies and further explores issues raised in them, including fundamental theoretical and analytical questions. And it raises new issues that take Columbia School “beyond its origins.” The contributions illustrate both consistency since the school’s inception over thirty years ago and innovation spurred by groundbreaking analysis. The volume will be of interest to all functional linguists and historians of linguistics. Languages analyzed include Byelorussian, English, Japanese, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, and Swahili.
05
This volume represents a welcome addition to the literature on functional linguistics from the perspective of one of the most radically ambitious and creative groups of linguists in the field. The papers analyzing the group’s origins in the thinking of Saussure and Diver provide a valuable historical foundation. The inclusion of papers on both grammar and phonology testifies to the maturity and wide theoretical relevance of the approach, and the excursus into areas beyond language testifies to the breadth of its applicability for anthropological thinking.
Ricardo Otheguy, Program in Linguistics, Graduate Center, City University of New York
05
All linguists — of whatever theoretical persuasion or language area — need to read this rich and valuable book. Whatever you believe as a linguist, you will learn things here that you will not learn elsewhere, including both linguistic data and explanations of the sort simply not offered in other approaches, formal or functional. Optimality theorists, take note! Generative, Cognitive, and Grammaticalization theorists, take note!
Robert S. Kirsner, Professor of Dutch and Afrikaans, University of California, Los Angeles
05
For all linguists, familiar or not with the Columbia School approach to linguistic analysis, this volume is an invitation to revisit and reconsider many, perhaps most, fundamental goals and concepts in linguistics which are taken for granted and/or often ignored by most other approaches. For the first time an entire volume is devoted exclusively to an inside conversation among practitioners of the Columbia School. Eavesdroppers from other theoretical practices will find much of value in the issues raised, for the insights offered by both the general theoretical discussions and internal debates within this school, on one hand, and the particular analyses proposed for a variety of languages.
Benji Wald, Research Scientist, formerly Professor of Linguistics at UCLA, National Center for Bilingual Research, Speech Systems Inc.
04
09
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475/sfsl.57.png
04
03
01
https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027215666.jpg
04
03
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09
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10
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JB code
sfsl.57.01lis
ix
x
2
Miscellaneous
1
01
List of Contributors
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.02dav
1
15
15
Article
2
01
Introduction
Consistency and Change in Columbia School Linguistics
1
A01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.03lin
Section header
3
01
<b>Linguistic</b> <b>Theory</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.04rei
17
39
23
Article
4
01
Columbia School and Saussure’s langue
1
A01
Wallis Reid
Reid, Wallis
Wallis
Reid
01
This paper argues that William Diver’s signal-meaning pair is Saussure’s <i>signe linguistique </i>in all basic respects, and that Diver’s innovation of a grammatical system is the functional equivalent of Saussure’s <i>langue</i>. Thus Columbia School linguistics rests squarely on a Saussurean foundation. In the course of making this case, this paper proposes a resolution of the apparent contradiction between Saussure’s definition of the linguistic sign in terms of substance – the union of concept and acoustic image – and his dictum that “<i>la langue </i>is a form not a substance”.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.05huf
41
62
22
Article
5
01
Diver’s Theory
1
A01
Alan Huffman
Huffman, Alan
Alan
Huffman
01
Diver’s “Theory” (1995) is the most comprehensive and, in fact, the final statement by the founder of the Columbia School of that school’s contribution to an understanding of the essential nature of language. The unifying idea that runs through this statement is Diver’s insistence that a theory of language consist of a set of conclusions drawn from a body of individual analytical successes, that it not be a collection of <i>a priori </i>categories and speculations. Diver’s anti-apriorism opens the way to understanding the workings of language in terms of innovative and language-specific categories, and it brings the normal practice of linguistics into line with that of other natural sciences.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.06pho
Section header
6
01
<b>Phonology</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.07tob
63
86
24
Article
7
01
Phonology as human behavior
Inflectional systems in English
1
A01
Yishai Tobin
Tobin, Yishai
Yishai
Tobin
01
This paper summarizes the theory and methodology of Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB) (or Columbia School Phonology) and applies it to the inflectional morphology of English both synchronically and diachronically. The basic hypothesis is that inflectional morphology is both functional and frequent and should therefore be composed of phonemes that are unmarked or relatively easy to make. My second hypothesis is that this tendency for favoring unmarked phonemes in inflectional morphology should increase over time. I examine the phonological components of the inflectional morphology of Modern English and compare them with the phonological components of the inflectional morphology of Old and Middle English and then trace the parallel development of inflectional morphology in Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic to Old English.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.08tob
87
105
19
Article
8
01
Phonological processes of Japanese based on the theory of phonology as human behavior
1
A01
Yishai Tobin
Tobin, Yishai
Yishai
Tobin
2
A01
Haruko Miyakoda
Miyakoda, Haruko
Haruko
Miyakoda
01
By analyzing speech errors (normal and pathological) and loanwords of Japanese within the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior, we seek to account for why processes such as substitution occur as they do by referring to the “struggle” between speakers’ desire for maximum communication (the communication factor) and minimal effort (the human factor). We conclude that (1) the error patterns or the processes observed in loanword adaptations are not random but motivated and that clinical phonology represents a more extreme version of the “mini-max” struggle where the human factor overrides the communication factor; (2) the communicative forces found within different word positions have a great influence on how and where the phonological processes of loanwords occur.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.09dre
107
130
24
Article
9
01
Phonology as human behavior
A combinatory phonology of Byelorussian
1
A01
Igor Dreer
Dreer, Igor
Igor
Dreer
01
This paper applies the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior to an analysis of the distribution of consonants in monosyllabic words in Byelorussian. Like other languages, Byelorussian shows a direct connection between the effort that speakers make to control the active articulators, involved in the production of phonemes, and the favorings or the disfavorings of these phonemes in various phonotactic distributions.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.10dek
131
141
11
Article
10
01
Phonology as human behavior
The case of Peninsular Spanish
1
A01
Adriaan Dekker
Dekker, Adriaan
Adriaan
Dekker
2
A01
Bob de Jonge
Jonge, Bob de
Bob
de
Jonge
01
The authors analyze the distribution in the lexicon of nine Peninsular Spanish consonants (/p, t, k, b, d, g, f, ?, ?/) within the framework of Phonology as Human Behavior with respect to two hypothesised factors: Complexity of Articulation and Visibility. In general, the observed distribution of the uncombined consonants is according to the hypotheses tested. However, one member, /k/, occurs more frequently than would be expected. The authors show that /k/ belongs to a particular subset of consonants in Spanish, which might explain a relative favoring, but they also observe that /k/ appears to be more frequent in other languages as well. It appears that another factor, the Size of Cavity, might play a decisive role.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.11jou
143
161
19
Article
11
01
Functional motivations for the sound patterns of English non-lexical Interjections
1
A01
Gina Joue
Joue, Gina
Gina
Joue
2
A01
Nikolinka Collier
Collier, Nikolinka
Nikolinka
Collier
01
Non-lexical interjections have been the focus of much research, but their apparent complexities, functional variations, and lack of content have led to different approaches to annotation and classification. This paper argues that they are discourse particles that function with strong cognitive linguistic bases and regularities in communication. They may have appeared as so complexly varied because they were assumed to be paralinguistic phenomena. We investigate our claims on two spontaneous speech corpora of English. In classifying these interjections into a taxonomy of discourse functions and using methods based on Phonology as Human Behavior, we find an interaction between the sound pattern of an interjection and its function in discourse, supporting our claim that non-lexical interjections are important linguistic phenomena.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.12dav
163
175
13
Article
12
01
Phonology without the phoneme
1
A01
Joseph Davis
Davis, Joseph
Joseph
Davis
01
In his otherwise radically innovative linguistics (Columbia School), William Diver retained the classical phoneme, defined on the basis of contrastive distribution. He did so despite his rejection of most of the apparatus of traditional, descriptivist, and contemporary linguistics, and despite wellknown analytical difficulties. Diver evidently saw the phoneme as being required on theoretical grounds, specifically the communicative orientation. Communication, however, does not require contrastive segmental units, and Columbia School phonology need not rely upon the phoneme, which is superfluous to its findings anyway.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.13gra
Section header
13
01
<b>Grammar and lexicon</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.14ste
177
194
18
Article
14
01
<i>Tell me about yourself</i>
A unified account of English-self pronouns
1
A01
Nancy Stern
Stern, Nancy
Nancy
Stern
01
This paper offers an innovative Columbia School account of English -<i>self </i>pronouns (<i>myself</i>, <i>yourself</i>, etc.). The analysis rejects the view that the distribution of -<i>self </i>pronouns is a reflex of syntactic structure, as well as the traditional characterization of -<i>self </i>as a reflexive pronoun. Instead, -<i>self </i>forms are hypothesized to signal a constant meaning, insistence on a referent, which accounts for the forms’ distribution in authentic texts. This approach has led to the discovery that -<i>self </i>forms contribute to the same types of interpretations across a wide range of different structural contexts, including not only reflexive and emphatic uses, but also <i>like</i>-phrases, picture noun phrases, logophoric uses, conjoined expressions, and other environments.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.15gor
195
209
15
Article
15
01
<i>Se</i> without deixis
1
A01
Radmila J. Gorup
Gorup, Radmila J.
Radmila J.
Gorup
01
Arguing that the distribution of <i>se </i>in Serbo-Croatian cannot be explained by invoking <i>a priori </i>categories <i>reflexive, impersonal, middle voice, </i>etc., this analysis follows García (1983) and Davis (2000) to advance a hypothesis that <i>se </i>is a signal in the semantic substance of Participant Focus. Whereas other pronouns in this complex system signal a variety of meanings (in several semantic systems), <i>se </i>says that there is a bona fide participant centrally associated in the event named by the verb but does not give any more information about it. This study claims that the opposition of substance between <i>se </i>and all the other Participant Focus forms accounts for its distribution in Serbo-Croatian.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.16con
211
222
12
Article
16
01
The difference between zero and nothing
The
difference between zero and nothing
Swahili noun class prefixes 5 and 9/10
1
A01
Ellen Contini-Morava
Contini-Morava, Ellen
Ellen
Contini-Morava
01
Most Swahili noun class prefixes are overt, e.g. <i>m-toto/wa-toto </i>‘child/children’. However, for Classes 5 and 9/10 an overt prefix occurs only in certain morphophonemic contexts. Despite superficial similarities, only the Cl. 5 prefix should be analyzed as zero (meaningful absence); Cl. 9/10 nouns simply lack a prefix. Evidence includes differences in singular-plural patterns and in derivational productivity of prefix absence. Prefix absence indicates (inherent or derived) Cl. 5 membership and singular number. The availability of prefixless Cl. 9/10, outside the normal class and number systems, helps preserve the coherence of the noun class system, and allows zero to convey meaning in the case of Cl. 5.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.17leo
223
237
15
Article
17
01
A semantic analysis of Swahili suffix <i>li</i>
A
semantic analysis of Swahili suffix <i>li</i>
1
A01
Robert A. Leonard
Leonard, Robert A.
Robert A.
Leonard
2
A01
Wendy Saliba Leonard
Saliba Leonard, Wendy
Wendy
Saliba Leonard
01
This Columbia School analysis of the Swahili suffix <i>li </i>rests on the distinction between meaning and message, as the proposed hypothesis does not simply categorize message types as previous analyses have done, but rather posits a single meaning which accounts for the various messages to which <i>li </i>contributes. Our hypothesis, unlike others’, accounts for all instances of <i>li</i>, as well as for what has been called “double-<i>li</i>”. The analysis posits a new type of Control meaning. Specifically, <i>li </i>instructs the hearer to interpret a non-high controller at a higher, more potent level of control than if <i>li </i>were not used.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.18rig
239
262
24
Article
18
01
The structure of the Japanese inferential system
The
structure of the Japanese inferential system
A functional analysis of daroo, rashii, soo-da, and yooda
1
A01
Hidemi Sugi Riggs
Riggs, Hidemi Sugi
Hidemi Sugi
Riggs
01
This paper provides an analysis of Japanese inferential auxiliaries (<i>daroo</i>, <i>rashii</i>, <i>soo</i>-<i>da</i>, <i>yooda</i>) that enables us to explain all occurrences of these words in discourse. Despite extensive research on these forms, grammatical analysis has not yet successfully explained their distribution. This paper demonstrates that the prevailing view of these forms as <i>evidentials </i>is insufficient. Instead, we postulate a new hypothesis in which the speaker’s choice of auxiliary is based on his or her desire either to strongly present inferential information or to draw attention away from it. In this analysis, the language user is seen as more active in the interpretation of messages than is traditionally assumed.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.19cru
263
281
19
Article
19
01
Structuring cues of conjunctive <i>yet, but,</i> and <i>still</i>
A monosemic approach
1
A01
Charlene Crupi
Crupi, Charlene
Charlene
Crupi
01
This study examines over 400 tokens of conjunctive <i>yet</i>, <i>but</i>, and <i>still </i>to confirm predictions tied to a unique structuring cue or meaning posited for each form (Crupi 2004). The research is conducted within a Columbia School sign-based linguistic framework; however, unlike forms typically examined in CS analyses, <i>yet, but</i>, and <i>still </i>do not comprise a closed grammatical system. Rather the three are independent linguistic units that share the common communicative function of adversative conjunction. By examining the flow of information through a text, this research indicates that conjunctive <i>yet, but</i>, and <i>still </i>contribute unique and consistent clues about overall textual structure.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.20bey
Section header
20
01
<b>Beyond Language</b>
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.21ecc
283
308
26
Article
21
01
The case for articulatory gestures – not sounds – as the physical embodiment of speech signs
The
case for articulatory gestures – not sounds – as the physical embodiment of speech signs
1
A01
Thomas Eccardt
Eccardt, Thomas
Thomas
Eccardt
01
The term <i>articulatory gestures </i>is common among linguists, amounting to a kind of analogy with the manual gestures of sign language. This paper takes the term seriously, rejecting the notion that sounds are the physical embodiment of the linguistic sign. Making the case for the gesture as a legitimate type of sign, it shows how vocal movements are far more convincing candidates for the signifiers of human language when viewed from several different semiotic perspectives, including physiology, physics, psychology, and communication theory.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.22leo
309
334
26
Article
22
01
Meaning in nonlinguistic systems
Observations, remarks, and hypotheses on food, architecture, and honor in Kenya
1
A01
Robert A. Leonard
Leonard, Robert A.
Robert A.
Leonard
01
This article extends the boundaries of Columbia School linguistic semantic theory by applying its analytical constructs to nonlinguistic behaviors, where, as in language, there exist systematicity and arbitrariness: food; construction of social and gender identity; and use of architectural, private, and urban space. Further, meaningful elements of these behaviors vary analogously to Labovian sociolinguistic feature variation. The guiding orientation is that human behavior is structured not by an unmotivated, autonomous culture, but is communicative and social, interpreted by people as signals with meanings; and these meanings are discerned as interpreting power, prestige and identity. Data come primarily from fieldwork in Lamu (Kenya) and Thailand.
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.23ind
335
337
3
Miscellaneous
23
01
Index of names
10
01
JB code
sfsl.57.24sub
339
344
6
Miscellaneous
24
01
Subject index
02
JBENJAMINS
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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John Benjamins Publishing Company
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20061220
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EUR
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JB
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JB
10
bebc
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GB
21
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JB
2
John Benjamins North America
+1 800 562-5666
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https://benjamins.com
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