Index

• Absence 128–130 , 133, 135–140 , 143–145 , 148–153 , 264, 266, 283

• Accessibility67, 69, 71–72 , 75–78 , 82, 84–86

• Anthro-political linguistics 189–190

• Assertiveness271, 275

• Arabic68, 218, 221, 223, 250–251

• Baseball6, 118, 120–121 , 135, 165

• Bilingualism212, 245–246 , 253

• Bilingual first language acquisition245

• Bloomfield, Leonard136

• Borrowing 213–214 , 218, 225–226 , 230

• Brazilian Portuguese 53–54

• Clitics146, 149–150 , 245, 261–262 , 264–265

• Cantonese68, 221, 284

• Categoricity27

• Causative269, 273, 278–280

• Chinese68, 221, 284

• Chomsky, Noam46, 92–95 , 99, 127–128 , 134, 136–138 , 148, 152, 161, 190, 217, 270, 272

• Clause linking67, 71, 73, 76, 85

• Clause type75

• Code-switching 1–2

• Cognitive Construction Grammar 157–158 , 178

• Columbia School Linguistics91, 139, 150, 153, 159

• Communicative strategy115, 118, 130

• Competence 45–46 , 48, 50, 52–53 , 61–62 , 127–129 , 190, 192, 217, 236, 246, 248–249 , 265

• Contextual distributions69, 77, 81–83 , 85

• Continuity of reference139, 255, 257, 264

• Contrast 82–83 , 254–255

• Coronal stop deletion 51–52 , 57–58 , 62

• Cuando clauses269, 274–279

• Danish 223–224

• Degree of Control102, 104, 128, 141, 146–147 , 149, 152, 157, 162–174 , 278

• Deictic80

• Dejar-Permissives 280–281

• Demonstrative37, 145

• Distribution of signals 97–99 , 101, 103, 105, 116

• Ditransitives128, 157–158 , 160–162 , 166, 176

• Diver, William36, 91–97 , 99–100 , 102, 104–106 , 108–109 , 113, 117, 126, 134, 139–146 , 148, 152–153 , 159, 162

• Doctrine of Form-Function Symmetry27, 29–30 , 35–36 , 40

• Doublets229

• Dummy Element137

• Duolingual 212–216 , 220, 223, 225–230 , 232–234 , 237–238 , 241

• Empty category137, 139

• Empty set 134–135 , 153

• English 51–52 , 56–57 , 60–62 , 68–70 , 86, 92, 98, 101, 105–109 , 113, 120, 124–125 , 136–142 , 144, 147, 161–162 , 191–192 , 199–201 , 210–212 , 214–215 , 220–223 , 225–227 , 229–230 , 233–235 , 237–239 , 248–251 , 253–255 , 257–258 , 262–264 , 274, 276–277 , 279–286 , 288

• Existential150

• Explanation35, 42–43 , 77, 81, 99–100 , 104, 108–109 , 126–132 , 176, 178, 228–229

• Falsification 109–111 , 117

• Features 27–28 , 51, 67, 74, 84, 101–103 , 105, 117, 125, 130, 204, 212–215 , 223–229 , 233, 237–239 , 246, 248, 250, 252–253 , 264–265 , 270, 272

• First person 75–76 , 123, 218

• Formal linguistics140, 152–153 , 199

• Formal syntax134, 137

• French 7–11 , 13, 21, 36–37 , 39, 136, 221–222 , 270, 278, 284

• Functionalist52, 125, 157–158 , 162

• Genre70, 81–82 , 90, 255

• Gender agreement92, 98, 101, 109, 111, 124, 127, 130

• Glottonyms209

• Grammatical gender91, 108, 125, 145–146

• Grammatical person67, 69, 82, 137–138

• Grammatical number81, 111

• Grammaticality93, 117, 127, 129

• Grammaticalization 137–138 , 140, 153, 262–263 , 265

• Greek93, 95, 136, 142–144 , 169, 181

• Grimm’s Law49

• Harris, Zellig134, 137

• Heritage language 245–248 , 250, 253, 265–266

• Heritage speaker247, 249, 258

• Hindi 18–219 , 224

• Hispanic Serving Institutions196

• Homonymy136, 141, 144, 148, 151

• Hortatives269, 281

• Human factor136, 141, 146, 153, 179

• Hypothesis testing 109–110

• Illocutionary force 282–283

• Imperative117, 280–282

• Impersonal35, 145

• Incomplete acquisition 245–252 , 257, 259, 272–274 , 276, 283, 285, 287–290

• Inherent variability 9–10 , 25, 27, 46

• Innateness of grammar125

• Interpretable formal feature270, 272

• It-clefts285

• Italian 144–145 , 147, 150–152 , 225, 270

• Jussive phrase282

• Labov, William39, 41, 134, 190, 197

• Language acquisition 45–46 , 61–62 , 139, 192, 204, 217, 245, 247–248 , 281, 288–289

• Language attrition288

• Language contact227, 248, 252, 288

• Language change48, 83, 224, 226–227 , 248, 252, 281–282 , 288–289

• Language variety221, 225–226 , 250, 265

• Langue160, 216–217 , 236

• Latin22, 94–95 , 101, 104–106 , 108, 114, 126, 141–145 , 162, 239, 271

• LatinUS 189–191 , 193–197 , 199–204 , 206

• Lexical exceptions 59–61

• Lexical frequency 56–60

• Lexical subjects67, 78–79 , 83–85

• Linguistic anthropology 189–190 , 201–202 , 205

• Linguistic autonomy209, 211

• Linguistic conditioning11, 47, 51, 70

• Linguistic differentiation209, 222, 225, 227

• Linguistic insecurity200

• Linguistic sign 96–97 , 100–101 , 124, 160, 178

• Linguistic Society of America189, 202–203

• Linguistic variable7, 9, 48, 83, 85

• Locative150, 285–286

• Mandarin68, 98, 136, 205, 221, 284

• Mathematics 133–135 , 153

• Meaning11, 13, 17, 20, 25, 27–30 , 36–41 , 83, 85, 96–97 , 99, 102, 106–108 , 112–114 , 116, 118–120 , 123–126 , 135–136 , 139–140 , 142–146 , 150, 152, 156–161 , 163–164 , 166–169 , 178–180 , 230, 275–280

• Media Lengua 218–219

• Message 36–41 , 96, 105, 107, 113–114 , 116, 118–119 , 129, 136, 161–162 , 165–167 , 169–170 , 173, 175, 177–180

• Morpheme97, 102, 114, 133, 137, 148, 151, 230, 235, 251

• Morphological transparency231

• Morphology24, 51, 53, 63, 94, 102, 105–107 , 128, 130, 133, 137, 145, 164, 204, 250–251 , 257–259

• Morphosyntactic variability7, 9, 11

• Music96, 133, 147, 204

• Naming 209–210 , 213, 216, 218–219 , 221–222 , 227–232 , 237, 269

• Native speaker47

• Neutralization-in-Discourse83

• New York City68, 151, 212, 272–274 , 276, 280

• New word creation225

• Null feature137

• Observations35, 93, 95, 98, 138

• Onomastics209, 230

• Ontological Transparency232

• Opposition of Inclusion 143–144

• Optimality Theory49

• Otheguy, Ricardo8, 33, 35, 67–69 , 84–85 , 91–92 , 134, 138–139 , 178, 190, 193–194 , 196, 209–217 , 225–235 , 237, 240–241 , 289

• Parole160, 216–217

• Performance45, 48, 110, 127–128 , 147–148 , 190, 192, 197, 217

• Periphrastic 13–15 , 20–21 , 23, 40, 42

• Personal pronoun77, 80, 139

• Phonetic alternation136

• Pied-piping249

• Praxis7, 12, 31

• Prescription7, 30–31

• Preposition stranding233, 237, 249

• Principle of Accountability12

• PRO137, 139

• Pronominal expression68, 77

• Propositional knowledge117

• Procedural knowledge117

• Prosodic linking73, 75

• Prosody67, 70, 75

• Quantum Mechanics 133–134

• Quechua 218–219

• Question words270

• Reciprocal145

• Reflexive35, 94, 98, 145, 252

• Root Wh-questions269, 283–286

• Saussure, F. de39, 42, 96, 126, 134, 136, 139–140 , 142, 157, 160, 216–217

• Sanskrit136, 143–144 , 218

• Scandinavian languages223

• Semantic substance102, 114, 133, 140, 142, 144, 149–150 , 164

• Semiotic 35–136 , 148, 153, 178, 229

• Sentence35, 39, 92–98 , 109–110 , 127–128 , 163, 178, 192

• Signals36, 43, 96–99 , 101–105 , 107, 114, 116, 130, 133, 135, 141–146 , 150, 152–153 , 157, 160, 162, 164–166 , 176, 178

• Sociolinguistic interviews52, 69, 81

• Sociolinguistic language 238–239

• Scientific inquiry93, 95, 97

• Spanglish192, 204, 209–217 , 220, 226–244

• Spanish 38–42 , 50, 81–83 , 101–104 , 108–109 , 111–114 , 138–139 , 144, 147, 151–153 , 162, 189, 191–193 , 196, 198–201 , 203–205 , 209–215 , 245–250 , 272–282

• Subject continuity71, 74, 81–82 , 84

• Subject pronoun 67–70 , 72, 75–76 , 82, 84–85 , 129–130 , 256

• Subjunctive 8–9 , 11–13 , 21–28 , 36, 102–104 , 214, 233, 237, 248, 253, 257, 259–260 , 264–266 , 269, 271–281

• Swahili108, 119, 126, 140

• Syntactic linking73, 75

• Tense 9–15 , 17, 38, 52, 58, 62–63 , 139, 225, 245, 249, 253, 257, 259–264 , 271, 277, 288

• Terminological proliferation232

• Third person 67–68 , 75–76 , 81, 86, 102–103 , 145–146 , 271

• Traditional grammar93, 95, 109, 161

• Translanguaging2

• Transitive92, 95, 109, 157, 159, 162, 165–166 , 168, 176

• Trace127, 133–134 , 137

• Unexpressed subjects 67–70 , 74, 78–84 , 86

• Urdu 218–219 , 224

• Variable context9, 30, 40–41 , 67, 69, 76–77 , 83–85

• Variable Rules45, 126–127

• Variationist sociolinguistics7, 45

• Why-questions 284–285

• Word order102, 157, 160–162 , 178, 223, 235, 283, 286